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单词 superessive
释义

superessiveadj.n.

Brit. /ˌsuːpəˈrɛsɪv/, /ˌs(j)uːpəˈrɛsɪv/, U.S. /ˌsupəˈrɛsɪv/
Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin superesse , -ive suffix.
Etymology: < classical Latin superesse to be higher (than), to be on top (of), to be superior (to), to be superfluous (to), to be in excess (of a number), to remain as a residue, be left over, to remain alive, survive ( < super- super- prefix + esse to be: see esse n.) + -ive suffix, probably after adessive adj., adessive n. Compare German Superessiv (1858 or earlier), French superessif (1875 or earlier), nouns, both used chiefly in the context of Finno-Ugric morphology. Compare essive n.
Grammar.
A. adj.
Of, relating to, or designating a case or grammatical relation used in some languages to express position above or on top of.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [adjective] > other spec.
polyptote1656
instrumental case1801
allative1831
adessive1852
abessive1854
instructive1857
caritive1860
comitative1860
juxtapositive1880
similative1884
illative1890
translative1890
introessive1903
perlative1937
lative1939
patient1939
ergative1943
elative1951
non-objective1954
superessive1971
1883 Amer. Antiquarian 5 179 [The dialect] is very rich in cases, though some of them may be formed by postpositions only... Superessive case: tóllema, tóllem, on the earth.
1961 Bull. School Oriental & Afr. Stud. 24 396/1 Perfective prefixes and vowel infixes..are an essential feature of Georgian conjugation, indicating whether a given form is transitive, reflexive, or ‘superessive’.
1971 D. I. Slobin in W. O. Dingwall Surv. Ling. Sci. 310 A variety of Hungarian case endings on nouns indicating such locative relations as illative, elative,..and superessive—that is, in plain English,..the directional notions of into, out of,..and the positional notion of on top of.
2003 Ling. Inq. 34 212 Finally, we must consider harmony patterns with three alternants... This pattern is seen in the superessive suffix -enl -önl -on.
B. n.
The superessive case; a word, form, etc., in this case.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [noun] > other specific cases
ablativec1400
instrumental1801
prepositional1824
allative1854
adessive1855
sociative1859
comitative1860
terminative1865
abessive1869
common case1869
translative1869
instructive1879
essive1890
transitional case1890
superessive1895
prepositional case1897
similative1903
lative1939
perlative1953
elative1959
1895 H. Baynes Idea of God & Moral Sense I. vii. 108/1 (table) As an instance of nominal richness in the South Caucasian languages let us take Suanian, where the declension is as follows:..Superessive..mare-śi..marel-iś.
1951 W. K. Matthews Langs. U.S.S.R. vi. 99 Marr and M. Brière..recognise secondary cases—a locative, an inessive..a superessive, a disjunctive, [etc.].
1954 M. A. Pei & F. Gaynor Dict. Linguistics 207 Superessive, in certain languages (notably, languages of the Finno-Ugric family) a declensional case, having the same denotation as the English preposition on or upon.
2003 Ling. Inq. 34 213 The superessive does also surface as just -n when the stem ends in a vowel, as in kapu-n ‘on a gate’.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.n.1883
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