superessiveadj.n.

Brit.

/ˌsuːpəˈrɛsɪv/,

/ˌs(j)uːpəˈrɛsɪv/, U.S.

/ˌsupəˈrɛsɪv/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin superesse , -ive suffix.

Etymology: < classical Latin superesse to be higher (than), to be on top (of), to be superior (to), to be superfluous (to), to be in excess (of a number), to remain as a residue, be left over, to remain alive, survive ( < super- super- prefix + esse to be: see esse n.) + -ive suffix, probably after adessive adj., adessive n. Compare German Superessiv (1858 or earlier), French superessif (1875 or earlier), nouns, both used chiefly in the context of Finno-Ugric morphology. Compare essive n.

Grammar.

A. adj.

Of, relating to, or designating a case or grammatical relation used in some languages to express position above or on top of.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [adjective] > other spec.

polyptote1656

instrumental case1801

allative1831

adessive1852

abessive1854

instructive1857

caritive1860

comitative1860

juxtapositive1880

similative1884

illative1890

translative1890

introessive1903

perlative1937

lative1939

patient1939

ergative1943

elative1951

non-objective1954

superessive1971

1883 Amer. Antiquarian 5 179 [The dialect] is very rich in cases, though some of them may be formed by postpositions only... Superessive case: tóllema, tóllem, on the earth.

1961 Bull. School Oriental & Afr. Stud. 24 396/1 Perfective prefixes and vowel infixes..are an essential feature of Georgian conjugation, indicating whether a given form is transitive, reflexive, or ‘superessive’.

1971 D. I. Slobin in W. O. Dingwall Surv. Ling. Sci. 310 A variety of Hungarian case endings on nouns indicating such locative relations as illative, elative,..and superessive—that is, in plain English,..the directional notions of into, out of,..and the positional notion of on top of.

2003 Ling. Inq. 34 212 Finally, we must consider harmony patterns with three alternants... This pattern is seen in the superessive suffix -enl -önl -on.

B. n.

The superessive case; a word, form, etc., in this case.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [noun] > other specific cases

ablativec1400

instrumental1801

prepositional1824

allative1854

adessive1855

sociative1859

comitative1860

terminative1865

abessive1869

common case1869

translative1869

instructive1879

essive1890

transitional case1890

superessive1895

prepositional case1897

similative1903

lative1939

perlative1953

elative1959

1895 H. Baynes Idea of God & Moral Sense I. vii. 108/1 (table) As an instance of nominal richness in the South Caucasian languages let us take Suanian, where the declension is as follows:..Superessive..mare-śi..marel-iś.

1951 W. K. Matthews Langs. U.S.S.R. vi. 99 Marr and M. Brière..recognise secondary cases—a locative, an inessive..a superessive, a disjunctive, [etc.].

1954 M. A. Pei & F. Gaynor Dict. Linguistics 207 Superessive, in certain languages (notably, languages of the Finno-Ugric family) a declensional case, having the same denotation as the English preposition on or upon.

2003 Ling. Inq. 34 213 The superessive does also surface as just -n when the stem ends in a vowel, as in kapu-n ‘on a gate’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	superessive
释义	superessiveadj.n. Brit. /ˌsuːpəˈrɛsɪv/, /ˌs(j)uːpəˈrɛsɪv/, U.S. /ˌsupəˈrɛsɪv/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin superesse , -ive suffix. Etymology: < classical Latin superesse to be higher (than), to be on top (of), to be superior (to), to be superfluous (to), to be in excess (of a number), to remain as a residue, be left over, to remain alive, survive ( < super- super- prefix + esse to be: see esse n.) + -ive suffix, probably after adessive adj., adessive n. Compare German Superessiv (1858 or earlier), French superessif (1875 or earlier), nouns, both used chiefly in the context of Finno-Ugric morphology. Compare essive n. Grammar. A. adj. Of, relating to, or designating a case or grammatical relation used in some languages to express position above or on top of. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [adjective] > other spec. polyptote1656 instrumental case1801 allative1831 adessive1852 abessive1854 instructive1857 caritive1860 comitative1860 juxtapositive1880 similative1884 illative1890 translative1890 introessive1903 perlative1937 lative1939 patient1939 ergative1943 elative1951 non-objective1954 superessive1971 1883 Amer. Antiquarian 5 179 [The dialect] is very rich in cases, though some of them may be formed by postpositions only... Superessive case: tóllema, tóllem, on the earth. 1961 Bull. School Oriental & Afr. Stud. 24 396/1 Perfective prefixes and vowel infixes..are an essential feature of Georgian conjugation, indicating whether a given form is transitive, reflexive, or ‘superessive’. 1971 D. I. Slobin in W. O. Dingwall Surv. Ling. Sci. 310 A variety of Hungarian case endings on nouns indicating such locative relations as illative, elative,..and superessive—that is, in plain English,..the directional notions of into, out of,..and the positional notion of on top of. 2003 Ling. Inq. 34 212 Finally, we must consider harmony patterns with three alternants... This pattern is seen in the superessive suffix -enl -önl -on. B. n. The superessive case; a word, form, etc., in this case. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [noun] > other specific cases ablativec1400 instrumental1801 prepositional1824 allative1854 adessive1855 sociative1859 comitative1860 terminative1865 abessive1869 common case1869 translative1869 instructive1879 essive1890 transitional case1890 superessive1895 prepositional case1897 similative1903 lative1939 perlative1953 elative1959 1895 H. Baynes Idea of God & Moral Sense I. vii. 108/1 (table) As an instance of nominal richness in the South Caucasian languages let us take Suanian, where the declension is as follows:..Superessive..mare-śi..marel-iś. 1951 W. K. Matthews Langs. U.S.S.R. vi. 99 Marr and M. Brière..recognise secondary cases—a locative, an inessive..a superessive, a disjunctive, [etc.]. 1954 M. A. Pei & F. Gaynor Dict. Linguistics 207 Superessive, in certain languages (notably, languages of the Finno-Ugric family) a declensional case, having the same denotation as the English preposition on or upon. 2003 Ling. Inq. 34 213 The superessive does also surface as just -n when the stem ends in a vowel, as in kapu-n ‘on a gate’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1883
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