summedadj.

Brit.

/sʌmd/, U.S.

/səmd/

Forms:

α. late Middle English sommyd, late Middle English sowmed, late Middle English sowmet, late Middle English summyd, late Middle English ysomed, late Middle English– summed, 1500s sommed, 1500s soom'd, 1500s–1600s somed, 1500s–1600s sum'd, 1500s–1600s sumd, 1600s somm'd, 1600s summd, 1600s (1700s–1800s poetic) summ'd; also Scottish pre-1700 sowmyt.

β. late Middle English somned, 1500s soomned, 1500s sumned, 1600s sumn'd.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly (i) a borrowing from French, combined with an English element. Partly (ii) formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: French sommé , sommer , sum v.¹, -ed suffix¹.

Etymology: In sense 1 < Middle French sommé (French sommé ) (of a stag's antlers) fully developed (late 14th cent.), (of a stag) that has a full complement of antlers (early 15th cent.; the use with reference to birds apparently developed within English), specific use as adjective of past participle of sommer to achieve, accomplish (see sum v.¹) + -ed suffix¹. In later senses independently < sum v.¹ + -ed suffix¹.The β. forms appear to show reverse spellings by analogy with words ending in -mn and their derivatives, e.g. condemn v., condemned adj., in which the final n had probably become silent by the 15th cent.

†a. Hunting. Of a stag's antlers, head (head n.¹ 6), or rights (right n. 10d): fully developed. Also (of a stag): having such antlers. Obsolete.Cf. full-summed adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > male > [adjective] > having antlers

headed?a1425

summeda1425

forked1605

branching1667

beamy1694

antlered1828

branchy1830

a1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Digby) ii. 18 Þei be halfe in greece or þere aboute þe tyme of mydel Juny, whan her heed is ysomed.

1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. ej^v And afterwarde in the toppe when ther .iiii. bene Then shall ye call hym sommyd an hert of .xvi.

1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie xviii. 47 By the middest of Iune, their heades will be somed of as much as they will beare all that yeare.

a1637 B. Jonson Sad Shepherd i. ii. 15 in Wks. (1640) III [The deer] beares a head, Large, and well beam'd: with all rights somm'd, and spred.

b. Falconry. Of a hawk: having the feathers fully developed. Frequently (now only) with modifying adverb (see also full-summed adj. 1). Now rare.Recorded earliest in full-summed adj. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [adjective] > of hawk > in full plumage

full-summeda1475

summeda1475

a1475 Bk. Hawking (Harl. 2340) in Studia Neophilol. (1944) 16 11 (MED) If he [sc. the hawk] take colde ore he be full sommyd, for soth he schall gendre the crampe.

a1486 Bk. Hawking (Sloane 3488) in Studia Neophilol. (1949) 22 139 If she be al somned, that is to sey hard in penne, and thou wilt reclayme hure, if hire wassh mete at euery mele.

a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Henry IV ccxxxiv, in Poems (1878) IV. 59 Like a young Eagle summ'd..Disdaines a shoale of Dawes.

1773 J. Campbell Treat. Mod. Faulconry 264 Summed; a hawk is so when she has all her feathers, and is ready to be taken from the mew.

1852 R. F. Burton Falconry in Valley of Indus iii. 21 Every falconer knows..how often when ‘summed’ as well as unsummed, they fall victims to an incurable disease—the cramp.

1964 F. L. Beebe & H. M. Webster N. Amer. Falconry & Hunting Hawks (1976) xxviii. 228/1 They [sc. eyess accipiters] are..ready for serious hunting by the time they are ‘hard summed’.

†c. figurative and in figurative contexts. Equipped; fully developed. Cf. full-summed adj. 3. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > supply > [adjective] > provided or supplied with something > specifically of a person or his attributes

fraught?14..

furnished1553

summeda1625

a1625 J. Fletcher Wit without Money (1639) iii. sig. F2 Till you be summed againe.

a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Henry V in Poems (1878) IV. 173 The first-Sum'd Quill Of England.

2. Added up to a sum total; collected into a single sum or entity; forming an overall effect. Cf. summed up adj. at Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > [adjective] > considered collectively

altogethereOE

altogethersc1300

summedc1430

universal1530

general1533

c1430 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 338/2 In the air of chalmerlane sowmyt skaithis aw nocht to be followit..quhill xl dais be runnyn.

1607 G. Chapman Bussy D'Ambois i. 1 Man is a Torch borne in the winde; a Dreame But of a shadow, summ'd with all his substance.

1859 A. Maclaren Serm. preached in Union Chapel, Manch. ix. 164 Draw near to our brethren..that there may be a glorious flame from our summed and collective brightness.

1892 ‘L. Keith’ Our Street xxii. 219 The summed experience of the street went into the question of shelving.

1948 Jrnl. Heredity 39 48/2 (caption) The yields are the summed totals (in pounds of fruit) for the trees in each block.

2009 M. D. Reckase Multidimensional Item Response Theory 46 The summed score on the vertical axis.

†3. Summarized. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > narration > [adjective] > summarizing or summarized

summary?a1475

summar1555

conclusive1590

summeda1657

resumptive1765

summarizing1808

potted1873

a1657 G. Daniel Idyllia in Poems (1878) IV. 237 One Obiect in varietie, One Summ'd draught doth before yo^u Stand.

Compounds

summed up adj. [after to sum up (see sum v.¹)] forming a sum total or overall effect; (occasionally also) summarized.

ΚΠ

1655 R. Fanshawe tr. L. de Camoens Lusiad vii. lx. 148 The sum'd up Majestie of Indian Land.

1858 N. Hawthorne French & Ital. Note-bks. II. 20 The wholeness and summed-up beauty of woman.

1969 Sci. Reporter June 299/3 His summed-up statement of the two laws of thermodynamics.

2012 J. Obradović & M. Čudina in S. L. Blair Econmic Stress & Family 75 The summed up scores on the 10 antinomies represent the degree to which a marital partner is agreeable.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	summed
释义	summedadj. Brit. /sʌmd/, U.S. /səmd/ Forms: α. late Middle English sommyd, late Middle English sowmed, late Middle English sowmet, late Middle English summyd, late Middle English ysomed, late Middle English– summed, 1500s sommed, 1500s soom'd, 1500s–1600s somed, 1500s–1600s sum'd, 1500s–1600s sumd, 1600s somm'd, 1600s summd, 1600s (1700s–1800s poetic) summ'd; also Scottish pre-1700 sowmyt. β. late Middle English somned, 1500s soomned, 1500s sumned, 1600s sumn'd. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly (i) a borrowing from French, combined with an English element. Partly (ii) formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: French sommé , sommer , sum v.¹, -ed suffix¹. Etymology: In sense 1 < Middle French sommé (French sommé ) (of a stag's antlers) fully developed (late 14th cent.), (of a stag) that has a full complement of antlers (early 15th cent.; the use with reference to birds apparently developed within English), specific use as adjective of past participle of sommer to achieve, accomplish (see sum v.¹) + -ed suffix¹. In later senses independently < sum v.¹ + -ed suffix¹.The β. forms appear to show reverse spellings by analogy with words ending in -mn and their derivatives, e.g. condemn v., condemned adj., in which the final n had probably become silent by the 15th cent. 1. †a. Hunting. Of a stag's antlers, head (head n.¹ 6), or rights (right n. 10d): fully developed. Also (of a stag): having such antlers. Obsolete.Cf. full-summed adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > male > [adjective] > having antlers headed?a1425 summeda1425 forked1605 branching1667 beamy1694 antlered1828 branchy1830 a1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Digby) ii. 18 Þei be halfe in greece or þere aboute þe tyme of mydel Juny, whan her heed is ysomed. 1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. ej^v And afterwarde in the toppe when ther .iiii. bene Then shall ye call hym sommyd an hert of .xvi. 1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie xviii. 47 By the middest of Iune, their heades will be somed of as much as they will beare all that yeare. a1637 B. Jonson Sad Shepherd i. ii. 15 in Wks. (1640) III [The deer] beares a head, Large, and well beam'd: with all rights somm'd, and spred. View more context for this quotation b. Falconry. Of a hawk: having the feathers fully developed. Frequently (now only) with modifying adverb (see also full-summed adj. 1). Now rare.Recorded earliest in full-summed adj. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [adjective] > of hawk > in full plumage full-summeda1475 summeda1475 a1475 Bk. Hawking (Harl. 2340) in Studia Neophilol. (1944) 16 11 (MED) If he [sc. the hawk] take colde ore he be full sommyd, for soth he schall gendre the crampe. a1486 Bk. Hawking (Sloane 3488) in Studia Neophilol. (1949) 22 139 If she be al somned, that is to sey hard in penne, and thou wilt reclayme hure, if hire wassh mete at euery mele. a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Henry IV ccxxxiv, in Poems (1878) IV. 59 Like a young Eagle summ'd..Disdaines a shoale of Dawes. 1773 J. Campbell Treat. Mod. Faulconry 264 Summed; a hawk is so when she has all her feathers, and is ready to be taken from the mew. 1852 R. F. Burton Falconry in Valley of Indus iii. 21 Every falconer knows..how often when ‘summed’ as well as unsummed, they fall victims to an incurable disease—the cramp. 1964 F. L. Beebe & H. M. Webster N. Amer. Falconry & Hunting Hawks (1976) xxviii. 228/1 They [sc. eyess accipiters] are..ready for serious hunting by the time they are ‘hard summed’. †c. figurative and in figurative contexts. Equipped; fully developed. Cf. full-summed adj. 3. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > supply > [adjective] > provided or supplied with something > specifically of a person or his attributes fraught?14.. furnished1553 summeda1625 a1625 J. Fletcher Wit without Money (1639) iii. sig. F2 Till you be summed againe. a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Henry V in Poems (1878) IV. 173 The first-Sum'd Quill Of England. 2. Added up to a sum total; collected into a single sum or entity; forming an overall effect. Cf. summed up adj. at Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > [adjective] > considered collectively altogethereOE altogethersc1300 summedc1430 universal1530 general1533 c1430 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 338/2 In the air of chalmerlane sowmyt skaithis aw nocht to be followit..quhill xl dais be runnyn. 1607 G. Chapman Bussy D'Ambois i. 1 Man is a Torch borne in the winde; a Dreame But of a shadow, summ'd with all his substance. 1859 A. Maclaren Serm. preached in Union Chapel, Manch. ix. 164 Draw near to our brethren..that there may be a glorious flame from our summed and collective brightness. 1892 ‘L. Keith’ Our Street xxii. 219 The summed experience of the street went into the question of shelving. 1948 Jrnl. Heredity 39 48/2 (caption) The yields are the summed totals (in pounds of fruit) for the trees in each block. 2009 M. D. Reckase Multidimensional Item Response Theory 46 The summed score on the vertical axis. †3. Summarized. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > narration > [adjective] > summarizing or summarized summary?a1475 summar1555 conclusive1590 summeda1657 resumptive1765 summarizing1808 potted1873 a1657 G. Daniel Idyllia in Poems (1878) IV. 237 One Obiect in varietie, One Summ'd draught doth before yo^u Stand. Compounds summed up adj. [after to sum up (see sum v.¹)] forming a sum total or overall effect; (occasionally also) summarized. ΚΠ 1655 R. Fanshawe tr. L. de Camoens Lusiad vii. lx. 148 The sum'd up Majestie of Indian Land. 1858 N. Hawthorne French & Ital. Note-bks. II. 20 The wholeness and summed-up beauty of woman. 1969 Sci. Reporter June 299/3 His summed-up statement of the two laws of thermodynamics. 2012 J. Obradović & M. Čudina in S. L. Blair Econmic Stress & Family 75 The summed up scores on the 10 antinomies represent the degree to which a marital partner is agreeable. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.a1425
随便看	vote of credit vote of no addresses vote of no confidence vote of no more addresses vote of thanks vote of want of confidence vote off the island vote office vote on account vote plumb vote plump vote recorder vote seeker vote shares vote stock vote the shares vote the stock vote the straight ticket vote through vote winner vote winning vote with one's chequebook vote with one's dollars vote with one's feet vote with one's money