sulphatesulfaten.
Chem.attrib.1803 Med. Jrnl. 10 499, I have tried the sulphat of soda poultice.1856 Orr's Circ. Sci., Pract. Chem. 76 The sulphate solution.a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 874/1 Sulphate of Mercury Battery.
1. A salt of sulphuric acid: usually with term indicating the base, as sulphate of ammonia, sulphate of lime, potassium sulphate.
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the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > salts > [noun] > salts named by atomic number > sulphates or sulphites
spirit(s) of vitriol1671
vitriolica1684
sulphate1789
sulphite1789
M.S.1953
1789 R. Kerr tr. Lavoisier Elements Chem. 224 Hence the neutral salt in which the metal is least oxydated must be named sulphite, and that in which it is fully oxydated must be called sulphat.
1791 W. Hamilton tr. C.-L. Berthollet Art of Dyeing I. i. i. iii. 63 Sulphat of copper.
1794 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 84 395 Sulphate of iron (green vitriol).
1799 Med. Jrnl. 1 87 Epsom salts, or sulphat of Magnesia.
1809 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 99 151 The sulfate of potass decomposes the phosphate of barita.
1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 470 The sulphates are in general crystallizable.
1831 J. Davies Man. Mat. Med. 331 The sulphates of zinc and copper..are occasionally used as powerful emetics.
1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. ix. 89 Hydrocyanic acid mixed with water distils over, leaving potassium sulphate in the retort.
1877 T. H. Huxley Physiogr. 120 Such permanent hardness [of water] is due to the presence of sulphate of lime.
1890 F. Taylor Man. Pract. Med. 747 Sulphates.—These are precipitable by barium chloride.
2. ellipt. = Sodium sulphate. Also attrib.
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the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > salts > [noun] > salts named by atomic number > sulphates or sulphites > sodium sulphate
Sally1879
sulphate1900
1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 355/1 The manufacture of soda ash,..the..sulphate, sulphite, and others.]
1900 Westm. Gaz. 29 Dec. 9/2 A fire at the sulphate works of the West Hartlepool Gas Company.
Compounds
sulphate ion n. the ion SO22—.
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the world > matter > chemistry > ions, ionization, or electrolysis > [noun] > ion > specific
sulphate ion1902
1902 G. S. Newth Text-bk. Inorg. Chem. (ed. 9) xi. 105 SO″4, in the same way, stands for the *sulphate ion, with its two negative charges.
1978 J. R. Holum Org. & Biol. Chem. xix. 411 The sulfur dioxide is then oxidized to sulfate ion, which is excreted by the kidneys.
sulphate process n. Paper-making a method of manufacturing a tough brown paper involving the digestion of wood chips by sodium hydroxide and sodium sulphate to form the pulp.
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society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > paper-making > [noun] > specific processes
calendering1513
pulping1640
watermarking1851
couching1875
knotting1875
friction-glazing1878
shake1885
soda process1885
cook1894
sulphate process1894
reeling1906
fibrillation1929
conditioning1954
1894 G. Clapperton Pract. Paper-making iv. 32 The former [process]..employs a solution of sodium compounds containing a large percentage of sulphate of soda, and is known as the *sulphate process.
1963 R. R. A. Higham Handbk. Papermaking v. 98 There are three basic alkaline processes, which are: Soda process, Sulphate (Kraft) process, Pomilio process.
1974 Sci. Amer. Apr. 55/1 Most soda pulp mills changed over to the kraft process (which is also often called the sulfate process).
sulphate pulp n. cf. Kraft n.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > [noun] > pulp
pulp1727
stuff1745
paper pulp1839
wood-pulp1876
ground wood1885
mechanical wood pulp1887
straw pulp1888
soda pulp1893
sulphate pulp1907
1907 G. Clapperton Pract. Paper-making (ed. 2) iv. 36 During recent years the demand for ‘*sulphate’ pulp has increased largely, owing to the development of ‘Kraft’ brown paper.
1962 F. T. Day Introd. to Paper ii. 19 The wood chips are cooked in digesters in a solution of caustic soda to produce soda pulp, or with a mixture of caustic soda and sulphate of soda to produce sulphate pulp.
1966 F. E. Dean Paper ii. 36 Unbleached sulphate or ‘kraft’..pulp..is used mainly for tough wrapping paper.
sulphate-reducing adj. Biol. (of a process or micro-organism) bringing about the reduction of sulphate ions to sulphur; spec. applied to bacteria of the genera Desulphovibrio and Desulphatomaculum, which do this as part of their respiratory metabolism.
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the world > life > biology > organism > micro-organism > bacterium > [adjective] > specific quality of
tetragenous1888
lysogenic1899
toxicogenic1899
cryophilic1916
R1920
rough1921
smooth1921
sulphate-reducing1926
thermoduric1927
lac−1947
induced1951
inducible1953
thermoacidophilic1976
1926 Science 1 Jan. 24/1 The oil-field waters in which the *sulphate-reducing bacteria occur are similar in general composition to seawater.
1954 New Biol. 17 67 Vastly greater amounts of sulphide are formed in nature by a single group of micro-organisms called the sulphate-reducing bacteria... Their sulphate-reducing process corresponds to the respiration of more normal organisms.
1979 Arch. Microbiol. CXXI. 261/1 Some sulfate-reducing bacteria are able to utilize colloidal sulfur as respiratory substrate.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online November 2010).
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