suffragann.adj.

Brit.

/ˈsʌfrəɡən/, U.S.

/ˈsəfrəɡən/

Forms:

α. Middle English soffragan, Middle English sofrygan, Middle English suffragann, Middle English suffragany, Middle English suffragayn, Middle English suffrages (plural, transmission error), Middle English suffrigann, Middle English suffrygane, Middle English suffrygann, Middle English–1500s suffrigan, Middle English–1500s suffrigane, Middle English–1500s suffrygan, Middle English–1600s suffragane, Middle English– suffragan, 1500s sofregan, 1500s suffryngham, 1500s–1600s suffregan, 1500s–1600s suffregane; also Scottish pre-1700 suffragene.

β. Middle English soffrycan, Middle English suffrecan, Middle English suffrykayn, 1500s soffrecan, 1500s soufrecan, 1500s suffrecane, 1500s suffrykane.

N.E.D. (1915) also records a form Middle English sofregann.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman suffragen, Anglo-Norman and Middle French suffragan, Middle French suffragain (French suffragant : see suffragant n. and adj.) bishop considered in relation to the archbishop of the province (c1180), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin suffraganeus (noun) suffragan bishop (8th cent.; from 12th cent. in British sources), (adjective) (of a see, cathedral, church, etc.) subordinate (8th cent.; from 12th cent. in British sources), (of a member of the clergy) subordinate (9th cent.), (of a bishop) subordinate (to a metropolitan) (9th cent.; from 12th cent. in British sources), that helps or supports (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources) < the stem of classical Latin suffrāgium suffrage n. + -āneus (see -aneous suffix). Compare suffragant n., suffragant adj. and the Romance parallels cited at that entry.Compare Catalan sufragani (14th cent.), Spanish sufragáneo (end of the 15th cent.; late 15th cent. as sofragano), Portuguese sufragâneo (early 14th cent. as sofreganho), Italian suffraganeo (end of the 14th cent.), and also Middle Dutch suffragaen (Dutch suffragaan), Middle High German suffragān (in late sources; German Suffragan). The sense ‘auxiliary bishop’ of the noun and the use as adjective are not attested in French until considerably later than in English (respectively 1596 and late 17th cent.).

Originally and chiefly Christian Church.

A. n.

1. A bishop considered in relation to the archbishop or metropolitan to whom he or she is subordinate, and by whom he or she may be summoned to provincial synods or councils.This remains the usual sense in Roman Catholic contexts; cf. sense A. 2.

ΚΠ

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 115 Þe primat of Ȝork haþ but tweie suffragans in Engelond, þat beeþ þe bisshoppis of Caerlile and of Duram.

c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 17 Which sentence was ȝouyn..be Boniface, erchebysschop of cauntyrbury, and be v. oþere bysschopys, his suffraganys.

1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. iv. 362^v/2 The Archbyshop.., commyng with his Suffragans to the place of counsaile, where the kyng with his Earles and Barons was assembled.

1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. 125 The general Councels..did advance the Bishop of Constantinople from being a poore Suffragan under the Metropolitan of Heraclea, to be the second Patriarch.

1768 J. Boswell Acct. Corsica (ed. 2) iii. 164 The Corsican bishops, who are..suffragans of the archbishop of Pisa.

1862 W. F. Hook Lives Archbishops Canterbury II. ii. 121 The suffragans of the province were summoned as usual to assist at the consecration of their metropolitan.

1911 Standard 30 Oct. 9/5 The Archbishop of Birmingham will have as suffragans the Bishops of Clifton, Menevia and Newport, Plymouth, and Shrewsbury.

1945 Living Church 30 Sept. 16/1 Cuthbert, the Archbishop of Canterbury..called his suffragans to a synod.

2004 Philadelphia Inquirer (Nexis) 22 Apr. (City-D ed.) a10 I don't remember ever intervening in 22 years as a metropolitan. I..hardly know the good stuff, much less the bad, about my suffragans.

2. An assistant or subsidiary bishop, who performs episcopal duties delegated to him or her in a particular diocese; spec. (Anglican Church) a bishop appointed to assist a diocesan bishop, esp. in a particular part of his or her diocese.General history. Such a bishop has no episcopal jurisdiction of his or her own, but exercises authority only in those matters, areas of the diocese, etc., which have been delegated to him or her by the diocesan bishop. In medieval Europe and in Roman Catholicism after the Reformation, bishops holding the titles of sees that were effectively defunct in the hierarchy of the Western Church (esp. in territories in the Middle East, North Africa, etc.) have been appointed by the papacy to assist diocesan bishops (cf. titular bishop n. at titular n. and adj. Compounds; in partibus adj.). In the Roman Catholic Church, such a bishop appointed to assist a diocesan is now usually referred to as an auxiliary bishop.Church of England. The Suffragan Bishops Act (26 Henry VIII, c. 14) of 1534 allowed the sovereign to appoint a suffragan to a see taking its name from one of 26 English and Welsh towns specified in the act, but this practice lapsed at the end of the sixteenth cent. and was not revived until 1870. The Suffragans Nomination Act 1888 allowed the creation of new suffragan sees, and since that time, the appointment of suffragan bishops has been much more frequent. After 1978, some suffragans have exercised legally delegated responsibility for a geographical area within a subdivided diocese, while others have provided alternative episcopal oversight after 1994 for clergy and congregations who do not accept the ordination of women priests (cf. area bishop n. at area n. Compounds 2; flying bishop n. at flying adj. Additions). Elsewhere in the Anglican communion bishops appointed to assist diocesan bishops may be called suffragans or assistant bishops.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > bishop > kinds of bishop > [noun] > suffragan

lede bishopa1000

suffragan1425

country bishop1561

under-bishop1574

suffragant1577

chorepiscopea1600

Choral bishop1636

1425 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1865) III. 325 Ȝow, holy fader, at this tyme suffragayn of the kirke off Ȝorke, be the commission and auctorite ȝiven ȝow of myne wurschipfull lordes, William the dean and the chapetre off Ȝork, the see of the erschebisshopryke beyng voyde.

1511–12 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 277 Paid the Suffregan for haloyng of a Chales [etc.].

1534 Act 26 Henry VIII c. 14 Preamble in Statutes of Realm (1963) III. 509 Everie Archebyshope and Byshop of this Realme..beynge dysposed to have any Suffragane.

1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) ii. ii. 142/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I Which function peraduenture he [sc. the Bishop] committed to his suffragane.

1654 T. Gataker Disc. Apol. 101 Dr. Stern..was at that time Suffragane of Colchester.

1710 T. Brett Acct. Church-govt. (ed. 2) xii. 245 'Tis not the fault of our Constitution that we have not such Suffragans to assist our Diocescan Bishops.

1885 tr. S. Monod Life & Lett. A. Monod 58 M. Charles Barde of Geneva who had been called to act as suffragan at Lyons.

1912 Catholic Encycl. XIV. 324/2 It is presumed that the cardinal-bishop has given his suffragan all the faculties necessary for the government of his diocese.

2014 Church Times 7 Mar. 7/5 We are already being told that, in reality, a conservative Evangelical bishop is simply unappointable as a diocesan or suffragan.

a. English regional (Bristol). An assistant to a parish clerk; an under-clerk or sexton. historical in later use. [Perhaps partly a result of association with sacristan n. 1.]

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > laity > lay functionaries > sexton > [noun]

sextona1325

suffragan1437

sacristanc1440

segstar1531

dogwhipper1592

knoller1611

dog-flogger1806

dog-rapper1854

1437–8 Rec. Bk. All Saints' Church (Bristol Archives: P.AS/ChW/1) 482 Item to þe suffrygan for kepyn of þe sapulcur—ij d.

?1465 in Trans. Bristol & Gloucestershire Archæol. Soc. (1901) 24 110 Jtem payd to the clarke for hys dewtye—ij. s. iiij d. Jtem payd to the belman—iiij d. Jtem payd to the sofrygan—iiij d.

1901 Trans. Bristol & Gloucestershire Archæol. Soc. 24 89 In 1500 and after, instead of the clerk, the suffragan, and the bed-man, we find in the year's-mind costs the clerk, the sexton, and the bellman.

2002 Eng. Hist. Rev. 117 319 In 1477–78, the Book affords no hint that the sum of 3s.1d. paid to the suffragan was arrears or..‘that he was behind in the payment of his year's wages’.

†b. A deputy or representative; an assistant; a person who works with or helps another. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > delegated authority > one having delegated or derived authority > [noun] > deputy or substitute

depute1405

deputy1405

suffragana1450

steads bearingc1460

excuser1461

debity1467

stead-holdingc1480

debite1482

stead holderc1485

placeholder1560

surrogate1604

substitute1650

steadsman1876

understudy1882

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > [noun] > subsidiary or contributory help > a subsidiary help > person

helpa1325

yeoman1363

suffragana1450

assistant?1541

under-minister1543

under-aid1579

under-fellowa1586

adjutant1622

deacon1642

under-builder1651

subsidiary1661

under-instrument1673

helper1686

understrappera1704

âme damnée1797

bottle holder1816

acolyte1829

cad1836

bellows-blower1865

sidekick1893

side-kicker1894

Watson1927

stooge1955

a1450 Pater Noster Richard Ermyte (Westm. Sch. 3) (1967) 31 Holy chirche here in erþe is þe rewme of heuene, of þe whiche þe pope schulde be as suffragan & hiȝe iustice vndir God.

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 168 The nychtingaill song, ‘Haill, Naturis suffragene’.

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 3 I haue..my maide, so skilfull in huswyferie, that she may well be my wyues suffragan.

1647 C. Walker Myst. Two Ivntos 6 The remaining part of the House are but..Suffragans to ratifie what is fore-judged.

1760 H. Walpole Let. 7 May in Corr. (1960) XXI. 398 She made her suffragan Whitfield pray for and preach about him.

†c. A thing that provides support or assistance; a help, an aid. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > [noun] > that which or one who helps or means of help

redeeOE

helpc893

bootOE

friendOE

lithc1275

helpera1300

a helping handa1300

helpingc1330

bieldc1352

succour?a1366

supplementc1384

easementa1398

succourer1442

aid?1473

assister1535

assistant?1541

adminicle1551

mystery1581

second1590

auxiliatory1599

subsidium1640

suffragan1644

facilitation1648

adminiculary1652

auxiliary1656

auxiliar1670

ally1794

Boy Scout1918

assist1954

facilitator1987

1644 J. Bulwer Chironomia 16 in Chirologia So these suffragans of speech [sc. the hands] by a lively sense afford that shadow which is the excellencie of the vocall pourtraicture.

B. adj.

1. Designating a diocesan bishop when considered in relation to the archbishop or metropolitan to whom the bishop is subordinate. Also: designating an auxiliary bishop appointed to assist a diocesan bishop. Chiefly in suffragan bishop, but also as a postmodifier in bishop suffragan.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > bishop > kinds of bishop > [adjective] > suffragan

suffragana1500

suffragan1583

suffraganean1683

suffraganeous1711

auxiliary1791

chorepiscopal1839

suffraganal1892

a1500 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 629 Prelatte or byschop suffrygane.

1567 T. Stapleton Counterblast iii. f. 301 Due Consecration, [is] expressely required by an Act of Parliament, renewed in this Queenes dayes in Suffragane Bisshoppes.

1671 F. Philipps Regale Necessarium 442 The Arch-bishop of York, and his Suffragan Bishops.

1790 World 2 July The Lord Lieutenant's first Chaplain..was consecrated on Sunday..by his Grace the Lord Archbishop of Cashel, assisted by two of his suffragan Bishops.

1888 Act 51 & 52 Vict. c. 56 It was enacted that the towns therein named should be taken..for sees of bishops suffragans.

1907 Catholic Encycl. I. 691/2 In regard to his suffragan bishops the metropolitan may compel them to assemble in provincial council every three years.

2017 Evening Standard (Nexis) 18 Dec. 16 Since July 2015, she has been bishop of Crediton, a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Exeter.

2. Of a bishopric: subordinate to a metropolitan or archiepiscopal see and its incumbent (frequently with to). Also: designating the see of a bishop appointed to assist a diocesan bishop.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > bishop > kinds of bishop > [adjective] > suffragan

suffragana1500

suffragan1583

suffraganean1683

suffraganeous1711

auxiliary1791

chorepiscopal1839

suffraganal1892

1583 T. Stocker tr. Tragicall Hist. Ciuile Warres Lowe Countries i. f. 5 They erected Vtrecht into an Archbishoprick, because it stood in the midst of the other suffragane bishopricks.

?1608 W. B. tr. A. Ortelius Theatrum Orbis Terrarum f. 18^v The bishopricke of Abdera, which was translated to the sea of Almeria, and is now Suffragan to Granada.

1662 J. Lewgar Erastus Senior xi. 41 Suffragan Bishops..who had indeed the Episcopal Character, but were Pastours of Parochial Churches onely, erected into Suffragan Sees, by the Act of 26. H. 8. 14.

1712 E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea I. 399 Valladolid, a Bishoprick, suffragan to Mexico.

1843 Morning Post 26 May A suffragan see might be easily founded at Bangor or St. Asaph, and endowed with the deanery of that church, together with..say, 1,000l. from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners.

1913 T. F. Tout in Reg. John de Halton Introd. 24 The see of Sodor, which, until the fifteenth century, was supposed to be suffragan to..Trondhjem.

2000 Times 12 Dec. 23/4 The Province of Canterbury contains 30 suffragan dioceses, while the Province of York contains only 14.

Derivatives

† ˈsuffraganal adj. Obsolete rare of or relating to a suffragan bishop or bishopric.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > bishop > kinds of bishop > [adjective] > suffragan

suffragana1500

suffragan1583

suffraganean1683

suffraganeous1711

auxiliary1791

chorepiscopal1839

suffraganal1892

1892 Times 14 Oct. 11/2 The suffraganal or nominal sees are as absolute shams as Wiseman's original Bishopric of Melipotamos in partibus infidelium.

1895 W. R. Clark tr. C. J. Hefele Hist. Councils of Church IV. xiii. § 229. 105 In the same ecclesiastical province of Tarragona, another Synod was held in the following year, June 8, 517, in the suffraganal city of Gerunda.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	suffragan
释义	suffragann.adj. Brit. /ˈsʌfrəɡən/, U.S. /ˈsəfrəɡən/ Forms: α. Middle English soffragan, Middle English sofrygan, Middle English suffragann, Middle English suffragany, Middle English suffragayn, Middle English suffrages (plural, transmission error), Middle English suffrigann, Middle English suffrygane, Middle English suffrygann, Middle English–1500s suffrigan, Middle English–1500s suffrigane, Middle English–1500s suffrygan, Middle English–1600s suffragane, Middle English– suffragan, 1500s sofregan, 1500s suffryngham, 1500s–1600s suffregan, 1500s–1600s suffregane; also Scottish pre-1700 suffragene. β. Middle English soffrycan, Middle English suffrecan, Middle English suffrykayn, 1500s soffrecan, 1500s soufrecan, 1500s suffrecane, 1500s suffrykane. N.E.D. (1915) also records a form Middle English sofregann. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman suffragen, Anglo-Norman and Middle French suffragan, Middle French suffragain (French suffragant : see suffragant n. and adj.) bishop considered in relation to the archbishop of the province (c1180), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin suffraganeus (noun) suffragan bishop (8th cent.; from 12th cent. in British sources), (adjective) (of a see, cathedral, church, etc.) subordinate (8th cent.; from 12th cent. in British sources), (of a member of the clergy) subordinate (9th cent.), (of a bishop) subordinate (to a metropolitan) (9th cent.; from 12th cent. in British sources), that helps or supports (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources) < the stem of classical Latin suffrāgium suffrage n. + -āneus (see -aneous suffix). Compare suffragant n., suffragant adj. and the Romance parallels cited at that entry.Compare Catalan sufragani (14th cent.), Spanish sufragáneo (end of the 15th cent.; late 15th cent. as sofragano), Portuguese sufragâneo (early 14th cent. as sofreganho), Italian suffraganeo (end of the 14th cent.), and also Middle Dutch suffragaen (Dutch suffragaan), Middle High German suffragān (in late sources; German Suffragan). The sense ‘auxiliary bishop’ of the noun and the use as adjective are not attested in French until considerably later than in English (respectively 1596 and late 17th cent.). Originally and chiefly Christian Church. A. n. 1. A bishop considered in relation to the archbishop or metropolitan to whom he or she is subordinate, and by whom he or she may be summoned to provincial synods or councils.This remains the usual sense in Roman Catholic contexts; cf. sense A. 2. ΚΠ a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 115 Þe primat of Ȝork haþ but tweie suffragans in Engelond, þat beeþ þe bisshoppis of Caerlile and of Duram. c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 17 Which sentence was ȝouyn..be Boniface, erchebysschop of cauntyrbury, and be v. oþere bysschopys, his suffraganys. 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. iv. 362^v/2 The Archbyshop.., commyng with his Suffragans to the place of counsaile, where the kyng with his Earles and Barons was assembled. 1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. 125 The general Councels..did advance the Bishop of Constantinople from being a poore Suffragan under the Metropolitan of Heraclea, to be the second Patriarch. 1768 J. Boswell Acct. Corsica (ed. 2) iii. 164 The Corsican bishops, who are..suffragans of the archbishop of Pisa. 1862 W. F. Hook Lives Archbishops Canterbury II. ii. 121 The suffragans of the province were summoned as usual to assist at the consecration of their metropolitan. 1911 Standard 30 Oct. 9/5 The Archbishop of Birmingham will have as suffragans the Bishops of Clifton, Menevia and Newport, Plymouth, and Shrewsbury. 1945 Living Church 30 Sept. 16/1 Cuthbert, the Archbishop of Canterbury..called his suffragans to a synod. 2004 Philadelphia Inquirer (Nexis) 22 Apr. (City-D ed.) a10 I don't remember ever intervening in 22 years as a metropolitan. I..hardly know the good stuff, much less the bad, about my suffragans. 2. An assistant or subsidiary bishop, who performs episcopal duties delegated to him or her in a particular diocese; spec. (Anglican Church) a bishop appointed to assist a diocesan bishop, esp. in a particular part of his or her diocese.General history. Such a bishop has no episcopal jurisdiction of his or her own, but exercises authority only in those matters, areas of the diocese, etc., which have been delegated to him or her by the diocesan bishop. In medieval Europe and in Roman Catholicism after the Reformation, bishops holding the titles of sees that were effectively defunct in the hierarchy of the Western Church (esp. in territories in the Middle East, North Africa, etc.) have been appointed by the papacy to assist diocesan bishops (cf. titular bishop n. at titular n. and adj. Compounds; in partibus adj.). In the Roman Catholic Church, such a bishop appointed to assist a diocesan is now usually referred to as an auxiliary bishop.Church of England. The Suffragan Bishops Act (26 Henry VIII, c. 14) of 1534 allowed the sovereign to appoint a suffragan to a see taking its name from one of 26 English and Welsh towns specified in the act, but this practice lapsed at the end of the sixteenth cent. and was not revived until 1870. The Suffragans Nomination Act 1888 allowed the creation of new suffragan sees, and since that time, the appointment of suffragan bishops has been much more frequent. After 1978, some suffragans have exercised legally delegated responsibility for a geographical area within a subdivided diocese, while others have provided alternative episcopal oversight after 1994 for clergy and congregations who do not accept the ordination of women priests (cf. area bishop n. at area n. Compounds 2; flying bishop n. at flying adj. Additions). Elsewhere in the Anglican communion bishops appointed to assist diocesan bishops may be called suffragans or assistant bishops. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > bishop > kinds of bishop > [noun] > suffragan lede bishopa1000 suffragan1425 country bishop1561 under-bishop1574 suffragant1577 chorepiscopea1600 Choral bishop1636 1425 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1865) III. 325 Ȝow, holy fader, at this tyme suffragayn of the kirke off Ȝorke, be the commission and auctorite ȝiven ȝow of myne wurschipfull lordes, William the dean and the chapetre off Ȝork, the see of the erschebisshopryke beyng voyde. 1511–12 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 277 Paid the Suffregan for haloyng of a Chales [etc.]. 1534 Act 26 Henry VIII c. 14 Preamble in Statutes of Realm (1963) III. 509 Everie Archebyshope and Byshop of this Realme..beynge dysposed to have any Suffragane. 1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) ii. ii. 142/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I Which function peraduenture he [sc. the Bishop] committed to his suffragane. 1654 T. Gataker Disc. Apol. 101 Dr. Stern..was at that time Suffragane of Colchester. 1710 T. Brett Acct. Church-govt. (ed. 2) xii. 245 'Tis not the fault of our Constitution that we have not such Suffragans to assist our Diocescan Bishops. 1885 tr. S. Monod Life & Lett. A. Monod 58 M. Charles Barde of Geneva who had been called to act as suffragan at Lyons. 1912 Catholic Encycl. XIV. 324/2 It is presumed that the cardinal-bishop has given his suffragan all the faculties necessary for the government of his diocese. 2014 Church Times 7 Mar. 7/5 We are already being told that, in reality, a conservative Evangelical bishop is simply unappointable as a diocesan or suffragan. 3. a. English regional (Bristol). An assistant to a parish clerk; an under-clerk or sexton. historical in later use. [Perhaps partly a result of association with sacristan n. 1.] ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > laity > lay functionaries > sexton > [noun] sextona1325 suffragan1437 sacristanc1440 segstar1531 dogwhipper1592 knoller1611 dog-flogger1806 dog-rapper1854 1437–8 Rec. Bk. All Saints' Church (Bristol Archives: P.AS/ChW/1) 482 Item to þe suffrygan for kepyn of þe sapulcur—ij d. ?1465 in Trans. Bristol & Gloucestershire Archæol. Soc. (1901) 24 110 Jtem payd to the clarke for hys dewtye—ij. s. iiij d. Jtem payd to the belman—iiij d. Jtem payd to the sofrygan—iiij d. 1901 Trans. Bristol & Gloucestershire Archæol. Soc. 24 89 In 1500 and after, instead of the clerk, the suffragan, and the bed-man, we find in the year's-mind costs the clerk, the sexton, and the bellman. 2002 Eng. Hist. Rev. 117 319 In 1477–78, the Book affords no hint that the sum of 3s.1d. paid to the suffragan was arrears or..‘that he was behind in the payment of his year's wages’. †b. A deputy or representative; an assistant; a person who works with or helps another. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > delegated authority > one having delegated or derived authority > [noun] > deputy or substitute depute1405 deputy1405 suffragana1450 steads bearingc1460 excuser1461 debity1467 stead-holdingc1480 debite1482 stead holderc1485 placeholder1560 surrogate1604 substitute1650 steadsman1876 understudy1882 the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > [noun] > subsidiary or contributory help > a subsidiary help > person helpa1325 yeoman1363 suffragana1450 assistant?1541 under-minister1543 under-aid1579 under-fellowa1586 adjutant1622 deacon1642 under-builder1651 subsidiary1661 under-instrument1673 helper1686 understrappera1704 âme damnée1797 bottle holder1816 acolyte1829 cad1836 bellows-blower1865 sidekick1893 side-kicker1894 Watson1927 stooge1955 a1450 Pater Noster Richard Ermyte (Westm. Sch. 3) (1967) 31 Holy chirche here in erþe is þe rewme of heuene, of þe whiche þe pope schulde be as suffragan & hiȝe iustice vndir God. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 168 The nychtingaill song, ‘Haill, Naturis suffragene’. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 3 I haue..my maide, so skilfull in huswyferie, that she may well be my wyues suffragan. 1647 C. Walker Myst. Two Ivntos 6 The remaining part of the House are but..Suffragans to ratifie what is fore-judged. 1760 H. Walpole Let. 7 May in Corr. (1960) XXI. 398 She made her suffragan Whitfield pray for and preach about him. †c. A thing that provides support or assistance; a help, an aid. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > [noun] > that which or one who helps or means of help redeeOE helpc893 bootOE friendOE lithc1275 helpera1300 a helping handa1300 helpingc1330 bieldc1352 succour?a1366 supplementc1384 easementa1398 succourer1442 aid?1473 assister1535 assistant?1541 adminicle1551 mystery1581 second1590 auxiliatory1599 subsidium1640 suffragan1644 facilitation1648 adminiculary1652 auxiliary1656 auxiliar1670 ally1794 Boy Scout1918 assist1954 facilitator1987 1644 J. Bulwer Chironomia 16 in Chirologia So these suffragans of speech [sc. the hands] by a lively sense afford that shadow which is the excellencie of the vocall pourtraicture. B. adj. 1. Designating a diocesan bishop when considered in relation to the archbishop or metropolitan to whom the bishop is subordinate. Also: designating an auxiliary bishop appointed to assist a diocesan bishop. Chiefly in suffragan bishop, but also as a postmodifier in bishop suffragan. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > bishop > kinds of bishop > [adjective] > suffragan suffragana1500 suffragan1583 suffraganean1683 suffraganeous1711 auxiliary1791 chorepiscopal1839 suffraganal1892 a1500 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 629 Prelatte or byschop suffrygane. 1567 T. Stapleton Counterblast iii. f. 301 Due Consecration, [is] expressely required by an Act of Parliament, renewed in this Queenes dayes in Suffragane Bisshoppes. 1671 F. Philipps Regale Necessarium 442 The Arch-bishop of York, and his Suffragan Bishops. 1790 World 2 July The Lord Lieutenant's first Chaplain..was consecrated on Sunday..by his Grace the Lord Archbishop of Cashel, assisted by two of his suffragan Bishops. 1888 Act 51 & 52 Vict. c. 56 It was enacted that the towns therein named should be taken..for sees of bishops suffragans. 1907 Catholic Encycl. I. 691/2 In regard to his suffragan bishops the metropolitan may compel them to assemble in provincial council every three years. 2017 Evening Standard (Nexis) 18 Dec. 16 Since July 2015, she has been bishop of Crediton, a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Exeter. 2. Of a bishopric: subordinate to a metropolitan or archiepiscopal see and its incumbent (frequently with to). Also: designating the see of a bishop appointed to assist a diocesan bishop. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > bishop > kinds of bishop > [adjective] > suffragan suffragana1500 suffragan1583 suffraganean1683 suffraganeous1711 auxiliary1791 chorepiscopal1839 suffraganal1892 1583 T. Stocker tr. Tragicall Hist. Ciuile Warres Lowe Countries i. f. 5 They erected Vtrecht into an Archbishoprick, because it stood in the midst of the other suffragane bishopricks. ?1608 W. B. tr. A. Ortelius Theatrum Orbis Terrarum f. 18^v The bishopricke of Abdera, which was translated to the sea of Almeria, and is now Suffragan to Granada. 1662 J. Lewgar Erastus Senior xi. 41 Suffragan Bishops..who had indeed the Episcopal Character, but were Pastours of Parochial Churches onely, erected into Suffragan Sees, by the Act of 26. H. 8. 14. 1712 E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea I. 399 Valladolid, a Bishoprick, suffragan to Mexico. 1843 Morning Post 26 May A suffragan see might be easily founded at Bangor or St. Asaph, and endowed with the deanery of that church, together with..say, 1,000l. from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. 1913 T. F. Tout in Reg. John de Halton Introd. 24 The see of Sodor, which, until the fifteenth century, was supposed to be suffragan to..Trondhjem. 2000 Times 12 Dec. 23/4 The Province of Canterbury contains 30 suffragan dioceses, while the Province of York contains only 14. Derivatives † ˈsuffraganal adj. Obsolete rare of or relating to a suffragan bishop or bishopric. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > bishop > kinds of bishop > [adjective] > suffragan suffragana1500 suffragan1583 suffraganean1683 suffraganeous1711 auxiliary1791 chorepiscopal1839 suffraganal1892 1892 Times 14 Oct. 11/2 The suffraganal or nominal sees are as absolute shams as Wiseman's original Bishopric of Melipotamos in partibus infidelium. 1895 W. R. Clark tr. C. J. Hefele Hist. Councils of Church IV. xiii. § 229. 105 In the same ecclesiastical province of Tarragona, another Synod was held in the following year, June 8, 517, in the suffraganal city of Gerunda. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.adj.a1387
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