subtendv.

Brit.

/səbˈtɛnd/, U.S.

/səbˈtɛnd/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin subtendere.

Etymology: < classical Latin subtendere to stretch or make taut underneath, (in geometry) to extend (a line) beneath, (of a line) to extend under or opposite < sub- sub- prefix + tendere tend v.² Compare Spanish subtender (late 13th cent.), Italian sottendere (first half of the 15th cent. as †soctendere; also †subtendere), all earliest in geometrical use.

a. transitive. Geometry. Of a line, arc, or figure: to form (an angle) at a particular point when straight lines from its extremities are joined at that point; (of an angle, chord, etc.) to have bounding lines or points that meet or coincide with those of (an arc or line).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > angle > be opposite to a side [verb (intransitive)]

subtend?a1560

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > line > linearize [verb (transitive)] > extend

subtend?a1560

produce1570

product1756

?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xviii. sig. F j This done conioyne their endes togither and the angle subtended of the longest staffe is a right.

1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. i. f. 14 That angle is said to subtend a side of a triangle, which is placed directly opposite, & against that side.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica i. vii. 25 In rectangle triangles the square which is made of the side that subtendeth the right angle, is equall to the squares which are made of the sides containing the right angle.

1681 S. Colvil Mock Poem (1710) 13 The truth is, they [sc. a man's legs] in every thing Resemble do a Bow and String. The one strait to the other bending, Is like a Chord an Arch subtending.

c1791 Encycl. Brit. (1797) VII. 666/2 An angle at the circumference is measured by half the arc it subtends.

1862 I. Todhunter Elem. Euclid 19 The greater angle of every triangle is subtended by the greater side or has the greater side opposite to it.

1885 C. Leudesdorf tr. L. Cremona Elements Projective Geom. 227 The angle subtended at any point on the curve by a fixed diameter would be a right angle.

1926 M. Lowry Let. 6 May in Sursum Corda! (1995) I. 22 If a quadrilateral is described about a circle, the angles subtended at the center by any two opposite sides are supplementary.

2001 I. M. Gel'fand & M. Saul Trigonometry ii. 58 All the angles subtended by a given chord in a circle are equal.

b. transitive. Optics and Astronomy. Of a distant object: to form (an angle) in the eye of an observer which is bounded by the visual extent of the object.

ΚΠ

1659 H. More Immortality of Soul i. xiv. 99 That Angle which we may imagine to be drawn from a Star, and to be subtended by the Diameter of the Magnus Orbis, is to Sense no Angle at all.

1722 W. Wollaston Relig. of Nature iii. 54 He must be a brute..who does not know, that the same line (v.g. the diameter of the Sun) at different distances subtends different angles at the eye.

?1790 J. Imison School of Arts (ed. 2) 196 The best eye can hardly distinguish a particle of matter that subtends at the eye an angle less than half a minute.

1833 N. Arnott Elements Physics (ed. 5) II. 241 The fly then would subtend a larger visual angle than he, that is to say, would be forming on the retina a larger image than the man.

1929 F. M. Saxelby Course Pract. Math. (ed. 8) 445 The gunners' rule is that one halfpenny..subtends an angle of one minute at the distance of 100 yards.

2007 Nature 31 May p. vii The terrestrial planet forming regions of these disks subtend tiny angles, way beyond the angular resolution of even the largest ground- and space-based telescopes.

c. transitive. In extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > opposite position > be opposite (something) [verb (transitive)]

oppose1615

encounter1660

subtend1670

answer1789

vis-à-vis1839

1670 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 5 1152 A kind of skin, subtended all along to all these cases or baggs.

1678 J. Browne Compl. Disc. Wounds lvi. 263 It is, a round and capacious Muscle, subtended to the inward side of the Ribs.

1769 Town & Country Mag. Jan. 8/2 The possession of Corsica subtends the gulph of Genoa, from Toulon to Piombino.

1793 J. Hely tr. R. O'Flaherty Ogygia I. i. 27 From Munster, in the south, it [sc. Ireland] subtends the promontory of Biscay, in Cantabria.

1805 Universal Mag. New Ser. June 510/1 The..subtending power of all those curious and intricate scenes, which history discovers to us, bears a considerable analogy to the office of the bones, which subtend the muscular flesh.

1859 R. I. Murchison Siluria (new ed.) iii. 53 The Llandeilo formation is subtended on the north, south, and west by younger Silurian deposits.

1868 A. W. Kinglake Invasion of Crimea III. vii. 117 Standing upon a semicircular tract of ground, subtended by the great bay or roadstead.

1880 Nature 1 Jan. 212/2 Tracts such as the great deserts or prairies might subtend a sufficient angle to preserve their natural hue.

1932 Geogr. Jrnl. 79 285 The spits on the east shore of the lake..subtend lagoons of a metre or so in depth, but have not yet closed them off from the lake itself.

1995 J. H. Schwartz Skeleton Keys iii. 84/1 The anterior tubercle of the transverse process projects upward..from the slip of bone that subtends the transverse foramen on its ventral side.

d. transitive. figurative. To exist or extend beneath the superficial aspect of; to underlie.In quot. 1898: to act as a carrier for.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > keep from knowledge [verb (transitive)] > exist beneath surface

subtend1755

underlie1856

underlay1861

1755 C. Perry Mech. Acct. Hysteric Passion Pref. p. ii Those inordinate motions and explosions of the animal spirits, which immediately cause and subtend all hysteric disorders.

1857 Jrnl. Psychol. Med. & Mental Pathol. 10 78 Libraries have been written upon..phases of disease, and theories subtending the modus operandi of evanescent remedies.

1867 Felton's Greece, Anc. & Mod. I. 33 It takes but a few moments to tell in outline this traveller's story; but how many ages does it subtend.

1898 P. Manson Trop. Dis. Introd. p. xiv When this third animal happens to be a tropical species, the disease it subtends, so to speak, is in natural conditions, necessarily tropical also.

1928 Times 11 May 18/1 Poetry was a demonstration..that there was something in man which subtended a bigger and greater world than we knew here.

1976 J. D. Andrew Major Film Theories viii. 214 Mitry's philosophy is hardly separable from his film theory. It subtends all his thought and surfaces in the second volume of his theory.

2000 C. Brunsdon Feminist, Housewife & Soap Opera iii. xi. 207 We have to understand the rise of the women's movement as subtended by changing patterns in employment, education, family size, contraception, etc.

2. transitive. Botany. To extend under in a way that supports or encloses.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > growth, movement, or curvature of parts > cause to grow, move, or curve [verb (transitive)] > extend under or enfold

subtend1777

1777 J. Lightfoot Flora Scotica I. 332 The flowers grow in a long cylindrical spike, each subtended by an oval-lanceolate scale.

1836 A. Gray Elements Bot. iv. 156 The whorl of smaller bracts which subtends the base of each little umbel is called an involucel or partial involucre.

1946 A. Nelson Princ. Agric. Bot. viii. 181 On the mid-line between the members of each pair of stipular bracts, and just above them, are four little stalks each bearing a bracteole which subtends one female flower.

2008 A. Farjon Nat. Hist. Conifers vii. 61 The species of Podocarpus all have terminal buds..and seed cones that develop an inflated, succulent and coloured receptacle subtending a single, naked seed.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	subtend
释义	subtendv. Brit. /səbˈtɛnd/, U.S. /səbˈtɛnd/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin subtendere. Etymology: < classical Latin subtendere to stretch or make taut underneath, (in geometry) to extend (a line) beneath, (of a line) to extend under or opposite < sub- sub- prefix + tendere tend v.² Compare Spanish subtender (late 13th cent.), Italian sottendere (first half of the 15th cent. as †soctendere; also †subtendere), all earliest in geometrical use. 1. a. transitive. Geometry. Of a line, arc, or figure: to form (an angle) at a particular point when straight lines from its extremities are joined at that point; (of an angle, chord, etc.) to have bounding lines or points that meet or coincide with those of (an arc or line). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > angle > be opposite to a side [verb (intransitive)] subtend?a1560 the world > relative properties > number > geometry > line > linearize [verb (transitive)] > extend subtend?a1560 produce1570 product1756 ?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xviii. sig. F j This done conioyne their endes togither and the angle subtended of the longest staffe is a right. 1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. i. f. 14 That angle is said to subtend a side of a triangle, which is placed directly opposite, & against that side. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica i. vii. 25 In rectangle triangles the square which is made of the side that subtendeth the right angle, is equall to the squares which are made of the sides containing the right angle. View more context for this quotation 1681 S. Colvil Mock Poem (1710) 13 The truth is, they [sc. a man's legs] in every thing Resemble do a Bow and String. The one strait to the other bending, Is like a Chord an Arch subtending. c1791 Encycl. Brit. (1797) VII. 666/2 An angle at the circumference is measured by half the arc it subtends. 1862 I. Todhunter Elem. Euclid 19 The greater angle of every triangle is subtended by the greater side or has the greater side opposite to it. 1885 C. Leudesdorf tr. L. Cremona Elements Projective Geom. 227 The angle subtended at any point on the curve by a fixed diameter would be a right angle. 1926 M. Lowry Let. 6 May in Sursum Corda! (1995) I. 22 If a quadrilateral is described about a circle, the angles subtended at the center by any two opposite sides are supplementary. 2001 I. M. Gel'fand & M. Saul Trigonometry ii. 58 All the angles subtended by a given chord in a circle are equal. b. transitive. Optics and Astronomy. Of a distant object: to form (an angle) in the eye of an observer which is bounded by the visual extent of the object. ΚΠ 1659 H. More Immortality of Soul i. xiv. 99 That Angle which we may imagine to be drawn from a Star, and to be subtended by the Diameter of the Magnus Orbis, is to Sense no Angle at all. 1722 W. Wollaston Relig. of Nature iii. 54 He must be a brute..who does not know, that the same line (v.g. the diameter of the Sun) at different distances subtends different angles at the eye. ?1790 J. Imison School of Arts (ed. 2) 196 The best eye can hardly distinguish a particle of matter that subtends at the eye an angle less than half a minute. 1833 N. Arnott Elements Physics (ed. 5) II. 241 The fly then would subtend a larger visual angle than he, that is to say, would be forming on the retina a larger image than the man. 1929 F. M. Saxelby Course Pract. Math. (ed. 8) 445 The gunners' rule is that one halfpenny..subtends an angle of one minute at the distance of 100 yards. 2007 Nature 31 May p. vii The terrestrial planet forming regions of these disks subtend tiny angles, way beyond the angular resolution of even the largest ground- and space-based telescopes. c. transitive. In extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > opposite position > be opposite (something) [verb (transitive)] oppose1615 encounter1660 subtend1670 answer1789 vis-à-vis1839 1670 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 5 1152 A kind of skin, subtended all along to all these cases or baggs. 1678 J. Browne Compl. Disc. Wounds lvi. 263 It is, a round and capacious Muscle, subtended to the inward side of the Ribs. 1769 Town & Country Mag. Jan. 8/2 The possession of Corsica subtends the gulph of Genoa, from Toulon to Piombino. 1793 J. Hely tr. R. O'Flaherty Ogygia I. i. 27 From Munster, in the south, it [sc. Ireland] subtends the promontory of Biscay, in Cantabria. 1805 Universal Mag. New Ser. June 510/1 The..subtending power of all those curious and intricate scenes, which history discovers to us, bears a considerable analogy to the office of the bones, which subtend the muscular flesh. 1859 R. I. Murchison Siluria (new ed.) iii. 53 The Llandeilo formation is subtended on the north, south, and west by younger Silurian deposits. 1868 A. W. Kinglake Invasion of Crimea III. vii. 117 Standing upon a semicircular tract of ground, subtended by the great bay or roadstead. 1880 Nature 1 Jan. 212/2 Tracts such as the great deserts or prairies might subtend a sufficient angle to preserve their natural hue. 1932 Geogr. Jrnl. 79 285 The spits on the east shore of the lake..subtend lagoons of a metre or so in depth, but have not yet closed them off from the lake itself. 1995 J. H. Schwartz Skeleton Keys iii. 84/1 The anterior tubercle of the transverse process projects upward..from the slip of bone that subtends the transverse foramen on its ventral side. d. transitive. figurative. To exist or extend beneath the superficial aspect of; to underlie.In quot. 1898: to act as a carrier for. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > keep from knowledge [verb (transitive)] > exist beneath surface subtend1755 underlie1856 underlay1861 1755 C. Perry Mech. Acct. Hysteric Passion Pref. p. ii Those inordinate motions and explosions of the animal spirits, which immediately cause and subtend all hysteric disorders. 1857 Jrnl. Psychol. Med. & Mental Pathol. 10 78 Libraries have been written upon..phases of disease, and theories subtending the modus operandi of evanescent remedies. 1867 Felton's Greece, Anc. & Mod. I. 33 It takes but a few moments to tell in outline this traveller's story; but how many ages does it subtend. 1898 P. Manson Trop. Dis. Introd. p. xiv When this third animal happens to be a tropical species, the disease it subtends, so to speak, is in natural conditions, necessarily tropical also. 1928 Times 11 May 18/1 Poetry was a demonstration..that there was something in man which subtended a bigger and greater world than we knew here. 1976 J. D. Andrew Major Film Theories viii. 214 Mitry's philosophy is hardly separable from his film theory. It subtends all his thought and surfaces in the second volume of his theory. 2000 C. Brunsdon Feminist, Housewife & Soap Opera iii. xi. 207 We have to understand the rise of the women's movement as subtended by changing patterns in employment, education, family size, contraception, etc. 2. transitive. Botany. To extend under in a way that supports or encloses. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > growth, movement, or curvature of parts > cause to grow, move, or curve [verb (transitive)] > extend under or enfold subtend1777 1777 J. Lightfoot Flora Scotica I. 332 The flowers grow in a long cylindrical spike, each subtended by an oval-lanceolate scale. 1836 A. Gray Elements Bot. iv. 156 The whorl of smaller bracts which subtends the base of each little umbel is called an involucel or partial involucre. 1946 A. Nelson Princ. Agric. Bot. viii. 181 On the mid-line between the members of each pair of stipular bracts, and just above them, are four little stalks each bearing a bracteole which subtends one female flower. 2008 A. Farjon Nat. Hist. Conifers vii. 61 The species of Podocarpus all have terminal buds..and seed cones that develop an inflated, succulent and coloured receptacle subtending a single, naked seed. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.?a1560
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