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单词 sue
释义

suev.

Brit. /suː/, /sjuː/, U.S. /su/
Forms:

α. early Middle English suheð (3rd singular present indicative), Middle English cewed (past tense), Middle English seewe, Middle English seue, Middle English seuwe, Middle English sewy, Middle English sieu, Middle English siewe, Middle English siu, Middle English siue, Middle English siwe, Middle English siweye, Middle English siwi, Middle English siwy, Middle English sow- (inflected form), Middle English su, Middle English sudyn (past tense, plural), Middle English suee, Middle English suew- (inflected form), Middle English suie, Middle English suwe, Middle English suwye, Middle English suy, Middle English suye, Middle English sve, Middle English swee, Middle English syew- (inflected form), Middle English syuw- (inflected form), Middle English sywe, Middle English sywi, Middle English sywy, Middle English–1500s seu, Middle English–1500s swe, Middle English–1600s sew, Middle English–1600s sewe, Middle English– sue, late Middle English fewe (transmission error), late Middle English sawe (probably transmission error), late Middle English suhyngge (present participle), late Middle English swue (perhaps transmission error), late Middle English swyed (past participle, in a late copy), 1500s sawis (Scottish, 3rd singular present indicative), 1500s seyv, 1500s suyde (past tense), 1500s sywdde (past tense), 1500s–1600s siew, 1500s–1600s sude (past tense and past participle).

β. 1500s–1600s shue, 1700s shoo (Scottish).

N.E.D. (1914) also records the forms early Middle English suu, late Middle English shue.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French suer.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman suer, sure, siwere (in present stem also sew- ), Anglo-Norman and Old French siure, seure, suire, Old French sieure, Old French, Middle French suir, variants of Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French sivre (French suivre ) to follow or pursue (someone or something) that is moving (10th cent.), to follow (a path), to accompany (someone), to think or act according to the example of (someone), to follow the promptings of (a belief, feeling, etc.), to comply with or obey the instructions or commands of (someone), to follow (certain rules, principles, etc.), to follow the example of (something), to pursue (a legal action, argument, etc.) (all 12th cent.), to come after (something) in time or sequence, to follow as a consequence of (something), to attend (a series of meetings, etc.) regularly, to initiate legal proceedings against (someone), to initiate legal proceedings for (something) (all 13th cent.) < classical Latin sequere (2nd cent. a.d.), by-form of sequī to follow (see sequent adj.).Compare Old Occitan segre , seguir , Spanish seguir (13th cent.), Portuguese seguir (13th cent.), Italian seguire (13th cent.). In Middle English prefixed and unprefixed forms of the past participle are attested (see y- prefix).
†I. To follow, come or go after, pursue, and related senses.
1.
a. intransitive. To continue or proceed with a course of action, way of life, etc. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > progress or advance in an action [verb (intransitive)] > progress or advance to another action
suea1200
goc1275
to pass forthc1384
proceeda1393
to go on1566
a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 85 Sume men leden erest iuel liflode, and turnen eft to god, and þeron seweð alse seinte poul.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. l. 6680 (MED) My conseil is..Vp-on trauail traueil to eschewe, In þis mater or we ferþer swe.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 25 Of his sonnes to say or I sew ferre Ector was eldist & heire to hym seluyn.
b. transitive. To follow, adopt, put into practice (a belief, way of living, occupation, etc.); to engage in, occupy oneself with (a pursuit). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > working > [verb (transitive)]
suec1300
usec1300
followa1400
occupy?c1400
playc1410
practise1421
pursuec1485
lie1546
do1703
c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) l. 249 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 113 Pley he siwede of hauekus and of houndes.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Royal) (1850) 1 Pet. iii. 11 Seke he pees, and parfijtly sue it.
c1450 (?c1408) J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte (1901) l. 503 Me to excite Alle vertues for to sywe, And vices pleynly to eschiwe.
1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. xiiiv Thus am I a foole and all that sewe that guyse.
1575 G. Gascoigne Glasse of Gouernem. 2nd Chorus sig. Fv That they may shun the bad, & sew the best.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. ii. sig. O2v Since errant armes to sew he first began.
1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints 743 At other times he casts to sew the chace Of swift wilde beasts.
1799 W. Wordsworth Two April Mornings 29 With rod and line I sued the sport Which that sweet season gave.
c. transitive. To carry out or proceed with (an activity or course of action); to pursue or investigate (a subject). Also: to follow up, build on (a success or achievement). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > continuing > following up, through, or prosecution > follow up, through, or out [verb (transitive)]
suec1325
pursuea1393
follow1425
pass1473
prosecute?a1475
ensue1509
convey1530
persecute1546
to follow on?1557
transact1636
to follow up1659
to follow up on1927
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 10320 To sywi þis mansinge, & þe asoylinge al so, We asigneþ þe bissop of winchestre þer to.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 2668 Of Pride, which I schal eschuie, Now axeth forth, and I wol suie What thing that ye me wole enforme.
c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xxi. l. 361 A lytel ich ouer-lep for lesynges sake, Þat ich ne segge as ich seih, suynge my teme!
a1500 tr. La Belle Dame sans Mercy (Cambr.) l. 227 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 88 Though y sue so grete an entirprise, It peireth not your wurship nor your fame.
1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates Salisbury xxxvii I, suing this so good successe, Layd siege to Orlyaunce.
c1565 in R. G. Marsden Sel. Pleas Court Admiralty (1897) II. 56 They maye not macken and seyv there voyage.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene vi. x. sig. Hhv He meanes no more to sew His former quest. View more context for this quotation
2. To follow in time or in a sequence.
a.
(a) intransitive. To follow as a consequence or result; to ensue. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > result [verb (intransitive)]
followOE
sue?c1225
arisec1275
fallc1300
result?a1425
ensue1483
enfollow1485
issuea1500
rebounda1500
succeed1537
terminate1613
concludea1639
depend1655
eventuate1814
ultimatec1834
come1884
translate1919
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 154 Ach ȝef hit ne suheð [a1250 Nero suweð] her þe teil & þe attri ende hit is in þe eche pine of helle.
a1400 (?a1325) Medit. on Supper of our Lord (Harl.) (1875) l. 402 Þy pyne shal sone be ouerpaste, And ioye shal sewe euer for to last.
c1450 in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1861) II. 226 (MED) Shame sewith sone whenne syn gooth byfore.
1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) v. f. 58 There came a Dart a skew And lighted in his Coddes the place where present death doth sew.
1597 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 1st 3 Bks. i. Prol. sig. B1v Infamy dispossest of natiue due, Ordain'd of old on looser life to sue.
(b) transitive. To come as a consequence or result of (something). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > be caused by or result from [verb (transitive)]
comeeOE
followOE
suec1390
enda1400
ensuec1530
redound1565
to come on ——1568
to fall out upon1579
c1390 Form of Confession (Vernon) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 340 (MED) In alle þe spices þat suwen pruide I knowleche me gulti and beo-seche God of Merci.
1483 Mirk's Festial (Caxton) sig. aiiij It is torned in to fylthe and synne.., In to lecherye that sueth [a1450 Claud. scheweth] alwey glotenye.
1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates Richard II. i Shame sueth sinne, as rayne drops do the thunder.
b. intransitive. To follow in an ordered arrangement; to come next in a narrative, discourse, etc. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > succession or following in time > ensue or come next [verb (intransitive)] > follow in order or sequence > in the sequence of a discourse, etc.
suea1325
a1325 Statutes of Realm in MS Rawl. B.520 f. 55 After þat hit sewez plenerliche in oþer stude bi þinne [L. secundum quod inferius dicetur plenius].
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 6357 Nou herkne a tale next suiende, Hou maidenhod is to commende.
a1450 ( in J. Kail 26 Polit. Poems (1904) 72 Syknes is oon, and sorw doþ sewe, Þe thridde hat ‘deþ’, and þe fierþe ‘drede’.
a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. xvi. sig. e.viii Nexte in ordre suynge, sette in goodly purtrayture Was our blessed lady.
c.
(a) intransitive. To come or happen afterwards in time; to be next in the sequence of events. Cf. suing adj. 1. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > succession or following in time > ensue or come next [verb (intransitive)] > follow in order or sequence
followOE
suec1384
succeedc1400
pursue1485
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xx. 30 The firste took a wyf, and is deed, with outen sones; and the brother suwinge took hir.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 501 Vche sesoun serlepes sued after oþer.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. cxxiii Of Englysshe kynges here lyeth the beauteuous flour Of all before passed and Mirrour to theym shall sue.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 195v When Idumius was ded..Two sones of hym selfe suet hym after.
1651 T. Gataker in T. Fuller Abel Redevivus 458 Being an understanding man, he might shrewdly guesse at those things that shortly after sued.
(b) transitive. To come or happen after (something) in time; to follow in the sequence of events. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > succession or following in time > succeed or follow [verb (transitive)]
followOE
suec1400
ensue1491
succeed?1526
sequel1594
pursue1658
supervene1661
survene1665
succeed1687
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xviii. l. 190 Þat Adam & Eue and alle þat hem suwed, Shulde deye doune riȝte and dwelle in pyne after.
a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 28 Þes þre festys þat seuþe þe byrth of Crist.
(c) intransitive. As present participle in various adverbial phrases with the sense ‘in succession; afterwards in time’. Obsolete.Some examples may alternatively be interpreted as showing an adverb suing.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > succession or following in time > [adverb]
aboutOE
by rewc1225
by ordera1382
sue?a1425
in orderc1425
successively1439
suingly1453
seriatly?a1475
consequently1477
seriatim1495
in sequencea1575
successive1593
succeedingly1602
consequentially1607
subalternately1632
successfully1651
epassyterotically1652
consequent1692
serially1841
consecutively1847
solid1938
?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 127 He taketh on o nyght & anoþer a noþer nyght & so forth contynuelly sewyng.
a1450 (c1435) J. Lydgate Life SS. Edmund & Fremund (Harl.) l. 751 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd Ser. 427 Thre sondry tymes swynge nyht be nyht.
1519 W. Horman Vulgaria i. f. 15 Moses wrytte, what was done, in the begynnynge of the worlde, and suynge after.
d. intransitive. To follow logically. Chiefly with non-referential it as subject and clause as complement, as in it sues that ——. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > argument, source of conviction > use as basis [verb] > follow
suea1393
follow1667
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 4288 Be weie of skile it suieth, The man is cause, hou so befalle.
c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer House of Fame (Fairf. 16) (1878) l. 840 Syn that euery thynge..Moueth thidder for to goo..Hyt seweth euery soun..Moueth kyndely to pace Al vp in-to his kyndely place.
1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) v. xiv. f. cviijv Yf he were myghty, than myght he gete connyng, but he maye not gete it, why hit seweth that in hym is feblesse & grete vnmyght.
3.
a. transitive. To pursue (a woman) romantically; to court, to woo. Cf. suit n. 6. Obsolete (archaic in later use).
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > seeking marriage > seek in marriage [verb (transitive)] > court or woo
wooc1290
court1580
suitc1586
accourt1590
sue1596
pretend1652
suitor1672
to make or pay (one's) court to1716
c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) l. 1526 Þat leof is over wummon to pulte..An siueþ [a1300 Jesus Oxf. syweþ] þare þat noriht naueþ, An haueþ at tom his riȝte spuse.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 2743 Þo he adde ysywed me longe in þisse fare.
c1450 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 184 (MED) I wole abide til sche be redy, I wole hir sue if sche seie nay.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene vi. viii. sig. Ff5v I was..Sude and sought with all the seruice dew. View more context for this quotation
1638 R. Brathwait Barnabees Journall (new ed.) iv. sig. Z3 Farewell Tank-hill, which I viewed, Lemnian Lydia, whom I sewed.
1830 Ld. Tennyson Mermaid in Poems 29 They would sue me, and woo me, and flatter me.
1856 D. M. Mulock John Halifax II. iii. 48 For a penniless youth to sue a lady with a fortune.
b. intransitive. To pursue a woman romantically, to engage in courtship; to be a suitor to a woman. Obsolete (archaic in later use).
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > seeking marriage > [verb (intransitive)] > be a suitor
wooa1050
sue?1507
suit?c1600
suitor1777
?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 48 I had a lufsummar leid my lust for to slokyn, That couth..sew bot at certane tymes and in sicir placis.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) ii. i. 129 My Master sues to her: and she hath taught her Sutor, He being her Pupill, to become her Tutor. View more context for this quotation
a1687 C. Cotton Poems (1689) 45 With judgment now I love and sue, And never yet perfection knew, Untill I cast mine eyes on her.
1805 M. Tighe Psyche i. vi Low at her feet full many a prince had sued.
1826 W. Wordsworth Ere with Cold Beads 3 I grieved, fond Youth! that thou shouldst sue To haughty Geraldine.
4.
a. transitive. To comply with or obey (the will or advice of another); to follow (an inclination or desire). Also intransitive. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > obedience > obey or be obedient to [verb (transitive)] > comply with the will of
suea1300
conform1482
to dance to or after (a person's) pipe, whistle1546
morigerate1623
comply1650
correspond1677
supple1741
a1300 in Proc. Suffolk Inst. Archaeol. & Nat. Hist. (1934) 22 94 Wanne gold sal speken and gume sal suien..thanne is the folc wo.
c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. ii. l. 53 He be bounde [emended in ed. to heo be boun] at his bode his bidding to fulfille..And as sire symonye wile segge to sewen [c1390 Vernon schewen, a1425 Univ. Coll. Oxf. suyen, a1475 Harl. 875 suwen] his wille.
a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 209 Yf a man yeuyth good consaill, thou mayste hit Su.
1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. iv Suche Unthriftes as sue theyr carnal lust.
1767 W. J. Mickle Concubine i. xxxiv She conns, and freely sues her native Bent.
b. transitive. To accord with the form or conditions of (something); to conform or adhere to. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > act in accordance with [verb (transitive)]
goOE
sue?c1335
suit1647
act1649
to live up to1650
assimilate1792
?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 112 Þroȝ is deþ he ouercam, As he is manhed siwed.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. l. 3524 And for this cause I thenke suie The forme bothe and the matiere.
a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 218 The Sowle..sueth the kynde and the complexcion and the propyrteys of the body.
5.
a. transitive. To follow (a person) as an attendant, companion, or adherent; to accompany, attend on; to associate with. Also: to follow or rally to (a person's banner) in battle. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > be a retainer or follower of [verb (transitive)]
followOE
suec1300
pursue1488
c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1963) l. 695 And ich þe wolle siwi [c1275 Calig. mid fare] mid mine gode folke.
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xi. l. 414 That clergye þi compaignye ne kepeth nouȝt to sue.
?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 148 (MED) The Chane..commaunded hem anon to make hem redy & to sewen his banere.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xiv. 210 Than cried Merlin, ‘Gentill knyghtes, what tarye ye heere so longe? suweth me!’
1522 Worlde & Chylde (de Worde) (1909) sig. A.iv For seuen kynges sewen me Bothe by daye and nyght.
b. intransitive. To do service or homage. Chiefly in to serve and sue at Phrases 1a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > perform feudal service [verb (intransitive)]
suea1350
serve1652
boon1691
a1350 Holy Cross (Ashm.) l. 415 in R. Morris Legends Holy Rood (1871) 52 Þe emperour..let hem cristny echon and siwy after his wille [c1300 Laud siwi him to is wille].
c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure l. 2927 (MED) We sewe to oure soueraynge in sere kynges londes.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. x. 9 He did her seruice dewtifull, and sewed At hand with humble pride.
c. intransitive. To go together with something mentioned or implied; to be an accompaniment. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > accompaniment > accompany [verb (intransitive)]
suec1450
withgo1608
attend1609
c1450 (c1420) J. Page Siege of Rouen (Bodl.) 51 Hyt [sc. the ditch] was depe..Wyth a trenche suwynge on every syde.
a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 35 Rostyd..With neck and hede suande in fere.
6.
a. transitive. To go in pursuit of (a person or animal); to chase, pursue; to hunt (game). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > following behind > follow [verb (transitive)] > pursue
followOE
driveOE
to go after ——OE
to come after——c1275
pursuec1300
suec1300
catcha1325
chasec1330
enchasec1380
to pursue aftera1387
ensuea1513
subsecute1548
prosecute1549
jass1577
course1587
to make after ——a1592
scorse1596
chevya1825
to take out after1865
shag1913
c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1978) l. 8203 Aurelie him siwede forþ.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1467 He rechated, & r[o]de þurȝ roneȝ ful þyk, Suande þis wylde swyn.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Prov. x. 4 The same man sueth [E.V. a1382 Douce 369(1) folewith] briddis fleynge.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. viii. 83 We shall not seasse to thay be slayn, For to the see we shall thaym sew.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene vi. ix. sig. Gg2v Great trauell hath the gentle Calidore..Sith I left him last Sewing the Blatant beast. View more context for this quotation
b. intransitive. To go in pursuit, to give chase; to hunt. Frequently with after. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > following behind > follow behind [verb (intransitive)] > pursue
followeOE
suec1325
pursuea1375
prosecute1549
bechafe1574
ret1607
to give chase (to)1634
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 460 Hii þat miȝte osscapie [read ofscapie] bigonne to fle vaste, Hii of troye siwede wiþ oute eni feintise.
c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) l. 9367 Arthour wald after sue.
a1500 Partenay (Trin. Cambr.) l. 137 The best for noyse A-forn the hundys ran, The houndes sewing after ful strongly.
1699 G. Garden Apol. Antonia Bourignon iv. 320 In Noordstrand the Peasants stole the Beast and other Goods she had bought with her Money, her Friends there neglecting to sue after them.
c. transitive. figurative. Of misfortune, sorrow, etc.: to assail (a person) persistently; to dog; = pursue v. 2d. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > following behind > follow [verb (transitive)] > follow with evil intent
suea1350
queue1906
the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > following behind > follow [verb (transitive)] > pursue > pursue closely
suea1350
dog1519
to follow up1598
to stick to ——1685
the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > following behind > follow [verb (transitive)] > pursue > harassingly
suea1350
squirrel1589
ferret1600
hound1605
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 31 In sunne ant sorewe y am seint, þat siweþ me so sully sore.
R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle Fire of Love 84 Alle þinge he suld caste downe þat emnyly lufars swis.
?1510 Treatyse Galaunt (de Worde) sig. Aijv Dyuers aduersytees sueth vs yere by yere.
7.
a. transitive. To follow (a moving person or thing); to move behind (someone or something) in the same direction. Hence also occasionally: to drive or tend (cattle). Also with forth. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > following behind > follow [verb (transitive)]
followeOE
asuec1300
suec1300
underfollow1382
succeedc1485
ensue?a1500
suit1582
to traik after1818
trail1915
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping of cattle > [verb (transitive)] > tend cattle
suec1400
fettle1880
c1300 St. Brendan (Laud) l. 460 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 232 Þe fisches sturten op with þis song..So þicke huy weren a-boute þis schip And euere syweden it so.
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. v. l. 550 I haue ben his folwar al þis fourty [emended in ed. to fifty] wyntre; Bothe ysowen his sede and sued his bestes.
a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 49 Þes kynges sudyn þys sterre forth, tyll þay come ynto Bedeleem.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. iv. sig. Ff6v It was a knight, which now her sewde.
a1605 (c1422) T. Hoccleve Complaint (Durh.) l. 321 in Minor Poems (1970) i. 106 My wyckednesses evar followe me, as men may se the shadow a body swe.
b. transitive. To follow (a person's steps); to move forward along (a course, path, etc.). Also in figurative contexts. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > following behind > follow [verb (transitive)] > follow (a track or trail)
suec1384
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Rom. iv. 12 That he [sc. Abraham] be fadir..not oonly to hem..of circumcisioun, but and to hem that suen his [a1425 L.V. the] steppis of the feith.
a1475 (?1445) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1911) i. 375 Wold God I cowth þy steppes wel to sewe.
a1500 (c1380) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 481 (MED) Þis was lymytid to petre & hise þat suyden þe steppis þat petre wente.
1548 W. Forrest Pleasaunt Poesye 39 in T. Starkey Eng. in Reign King Henry VIII (1878) i. p. lxxxvi In suynge the Steppes of suche men approbate.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. ix. sig. I3v As when two Barkes, this caried with the tide, That with the wind, contrary courses sew . View more context for this quotation
c. intransitive. To follow a moving person or thing; to go with someone. Usually with after, on, upon. Obsolete.Sometimes with implication of following as a companion or attendant; cf. sense 5a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > following behind > follow behind [verb (intransitive)]
followOE
to follow ona1325
suec1390
ensuec1500
to follow alonga1594
tag1676
hark after1899
society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > be a retainer or follower [verb (intransitive)]
suec1390
pursue1485
retain1547
train1633
c1390 (?c1350) Joseph of Arimathie (1871) l. 668 Now þe kyng comes to sarras and mony on him suwen.
1558 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Seuen First Bks. Eneidos ii. sig. E.i Euen among the middes he lept, with will to dye, and wee Him after sued.
c1616 ( in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) p. lx The said Sir William Plompton..sewed with his said fellowship upon them and followed them unto the said towne of Helperby.
d. transitive. To follow (something) with the eyes; to watch closely. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > see [verb (transitive)] > watch or observe > follow with eyes
to look after ——OE
followa1393
suea1398
pursue1558
tracea1701
to watch after1850
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. xxxi. 1179 Þis serpent liþ in awayte in weyes and in priue paþes and seweth [emended in ed. to sweth; L. conspicit] boþe men and hors þat passeþ vnwarliche.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 12200 Þe lettres fro alpha to tayu Wiþ dyuerse siȝte may men sew.
a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) l. 89 Thow darryst full evyll with thy Ey hym sewe.
e. intransitive. To move, go, esp. quickly; to sally forth or out. Cf. sway v. 1a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > move swiftly [verb (intransitive)]
lakeOE
flyOE
runOE
scour13..
jace1393
hie1398
spina1400
fleetc1400
glentc1400
stripc1400
suea1450
carryc1450
speed1488
scud1532
streek1598
winga1616
to clip it1616
hackney1617
swifta1618
whirryc1630
dust1673
whew1684
race1702
stroke1735
cut1797
spank1807
skid1815
speela1818
crack1824
skimmer1824
slap1827
clip1832
skeet1838
marvel1841
lick1850
travel1850
rush1852
zip1852
sail1876
rabbit1887
move1906
high-tail1908
to ball the jack1914
buzz1914
shift1922
giddap1938
burn1942
hoosh1943
bomb1966
shred1977
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > go or come out [verb (intransitive)]
outgoeOE
to come outOE
forthcomeOE
to go outOE
to go outOE
ishc1330
to take forth one's way (also journey, road, etc.)a1375
proceedc1380
getc1390
exorta1400
issue?a1400
precedec1425
purgea1430
to come forthc1449
suea1450
ushc1475
to call one's way (also course)1488
to turn outa1500
void1558
redound1565
egress1578
outpacea1596
result1598
pursue1651
out1653
pop1770
to get out1835
progress1851
a1450 Seven Sages (Cambr. Dd.1.17) (1845) l. 780 (MED) Toward the credyl..he suythe.
1471 in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1861) II. 279 Thay seuyd owte freshly, thay kepud none araye.
c1535 Ploughman's Tale iii. sig. C.ivv The damosels that to the daunce sewe.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 15 He sues furth on þe soile to Chethes the kyng.
8. transitive. To take (a person) as one's guide, leader, or example; to follow as a disciple or imitator. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > imitate [verb (transitive)] > follow a person as an example
followOE
suec1300
counterfeitc1374
to take witness by (also of)c1400
take1544
borrow1549
personate1612
c1300 St. Christopher (Laud) l. 112 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 274 Forth he wend [emended in ed. to wende], to siwi him [sc. Christ] and forto prechi is lore.
c1390 Cato's Distichs (Vernon) l. 463 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 591 Suwe no wikked mon In wille nouþer in þouht.
a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) viii. l. 203 I shal proceede, as it is to me dewe, In thes too bookis Bochas for to sewe.
1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. lxxv Beware his wayes fle hym on euery syde Who that hym sueth both hurte and shame shall fynde.
II. To take or initiate legal action; to make a legal claim.
†9. intransitive. With up, upon, on. To make a formal accusation or allegation against a person. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) l. 419 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 118 A preost þat was a luþer Man..þat of Manslauȝt was bi-cleoped... Þe Mannes frend þat was a-slawe siweden ope [a1325 Corpus Cambr. uppon] him so faste, So þat þe preost to Iuggement Ibrouȝt was atþe laste.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 16243 Whi dostou þus, þat þou wolt no þing say Aȝeines hem þat sewe on þe?
10.
a. transitive. To apply before a court for the grant of (a writ or other legal process), often implying also the further legal action based on the writ, etc. (cf. sense 12). Also: to enforce (a legal process); = to put in suit at suit n. Phrases 1a(d)(ii). Now chiefly historical.Less common than the semantically identical to sue out (also †forth) at sense 10b.See also to sue one's livery at livery n. Phrases 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [verb (transitive)] > apply for or enforce legal process
suea1325
to sue out (also forth)?c1425
suit1504
to put in suit1579
a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) xli. 106 Therfore ne be ileued þat te atachemens ne ben uersliche isiwede [Fr. qe les attachementz ne soient fetz freschement sur les felonies faites].
a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) l. 4097 Golde wolde..a writ Sue agayn þe, if he at large were.
1504 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VII (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1504 §34. m. 24 The same Sir William suyde appele of mayme ayenst the seid Sir Edward.
1534 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 309 Your said oratour sued assise in the comon lawe against the said mulso.
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iii. ii. 342 Because all those things you haue done of late..Fall into'th'compasse of a Premunire; That therefore such a Writ be sued against you. View more context for this quotation
a1640 P. Massinger City-Madam (1658) i. iii. 15 Sir John. How much owes Penurie? Goldwire. Two hundred pounds: His Bond three times since forfeited. Sir John. Is it su'd? Goldwire. Yes Sir, and execution out against him.
1817 W. Selwyn Abridgem. Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) II. 858 A particular chattel, which the owner might be for ever deprived of, if he could not sue replevin.
1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) I. 494 If a trustee has conveyed away the lands, by the direction of the cestui que trust, before execution sued, they cannot be taken in execution.
1993 P. D. Halliday Partisan Conflict & Law in Eng. Borough Corporation, 1660–1727 (Ph.D. diss., Univ. Chicago) iii. 108 A number of Tewkesbury corporation members..petitioned the King for his letter, and sued writs of mandamus.
b. transitive. to sue out (also †forth): to apply before a court for the grant of (a writ or other legal process); = sense 10a. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [verb (transitive)] > apply for or enforce legal process
suea1325
to sue out (also forth)?c1425
suit1504
to put in suit1579
?c1425 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Royal 17 D.vi) (1860) 54 Yf a wight have a cause to sue To us, som lordes man shalle undirtake To sue it out.
1426–7 W. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 9 William schuld sue forth þe seyd pleynt and þe execucion þer-of at hese owne will.
1572 E. Grindal Remains (1843) (modernized text) 150 When extracts..of testaments and obligations should be sued forth, oftentimes the same could not be found.
1583 G. Babington Very Fruitfull Expos. Commaundem. iii. 160 Let all fleshe fall downe before his footestoole and sewe out pardon.
a1626 F. Bacon Elements Common Lawes (1630) 33 It putteth him to sue out his pardon of course.
1714 London Gaz. No. 5254/4 A Commission of Bankrupt Su'd forth by the said Anthony Soleirol.
1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. II. xiii. 355 A party detained without any warrant must sue out his habeas corpus at common law.
1829 W. Hamilton in Edinb. Rev. Oct. 197 If these [words] did not already enjoy a prescriptive right, as denizens of the language.., they would be well entitled to sue out their naturalization.
1910 Louisiana Rep. 124 625 The Interstate Trust & Banking Company sued out an order of seizure and sale on a mortgage note against Powell Bros. & Sanders Company.
2009 B. H. Mann Republic of Debtors (new ed.) i. 18 Litigation..typically began aggressively, even punitively, with the creditor suing out a writ of attachment for the debtor's arrest and imprisonment.
11.
†a. transitive. To bring a lawsuit in order to obtain (something); to make a legal claim to. Also with that-clause as object. Obsolete (superseded by to sue for at sense 11c).The meaning in quot. c1325 is unclear. N.E.D. (1915) gives it at this sense (cf. answer v. 5a(a)), but Middle Eng. Dict. at seuen v.(1) interprets it as showing a use of to sue (something) to with the sense ‘to allege (something) in court against’ (cf. sense 9 and answer v. 22).
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > claim at law > [verb (transitive)]
betellc1275
suec1325
pursuea1382
demand1489
arraine (i.e. arrame) an assize1528
pleadc1650
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 1232 In is owe court he ssolde Ansuerie þat echman to him siwi wolde.
1344 Petition (P.R.O.: SC 8/192/9580) Þt noman enprisone vs ne lete vs to siwe oure riȝtes.
1452 in J. T. Gilbert Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) I. 277 No maner of men that dwellyth wythin the seid cite shuld not sywe that himselffe shoulde be in no queste of enditemet.
c1475 (?c1451) Bk. Noblesse (Royal) (1860) 41 A man shulde not be discouraged alway to sew his right.
1601 J. Dove Diuorcement 37 If..diuorcement is graunted, yet the plaintiue which hath sued the diuorce, shall be restrained from marriage.
1714 Tractatus Navigationis: Treaty Navigation & Commerce at Utrecht 17/2 For the which [sum of money] he may Sue his Right before any competent Judge.
1843 J. Story Comm. on Law of Bills of Exchange vi. 204 Any act, done at his own request, for or to a third person, such as..forbearing to sue a debt due by such a person.
b. intransitive. To bring a lawsuit; to make legal claim; to initiate legal proceedings.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > claim at law > [verb (intransitive)]
suea1400
a1400 in K. W. Engeroff Untersuchung ‘Usages of Winchester’ (1914) 90 (MED) Ȝif he in þe fourty dayes comeþ in-to towne and he wele sewy, be a-ȝen somened vp-on þe somaunce a-fore y-seyd.
c1436 Domesday Ipswich (BL Add. 25011) in T. Twiss Black Bk. Admiralty (1873) II. 75 Ȝif the child can not suyn, to doon the same executours comyn to preven the testament.
1579 Rastell's Expos. Termes Lawes (new ed.) 156 b Playntife is hee that sueth or complayneth in an assyse or in an actyon personall.
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 211 Dayes, in which schoole masters may not beat their schollers, nor any man will sue at the law.
1783 E. Burke Rep. Affairs India in Wks. (1842) II. 71 The moment he attempts to sue, the money may be paid into the company's treasury.
1808 W. Selwyn Abridgem. Law Nisi Prius II. xix. 708 Infant executors may sue by attorney.
1911 A. N. M. Wilshere Elements Criminal Law. (ed. 2) 4 When a person sues in an action for libel or assault he does not sue on behalf of the public.
2006 Australian (Brisbane) 30 June 3/4 He threatened to sue if the book were published.
c. intransitive. to sue for (formerly also †to sue upon): to bring a lawsuit in order to obtain (something); to make a legal claim to. Also: to bring a lawsuit on the grounds of. Cf. sense 11a.
ΚΠ
c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. iv. l. 370 Þat is noþer [emended in ed. to noȝt] reisonable ne rect to refusy my syres sorname, Sitth y, [h]is sone and seruaunt, suwe for his ryghte.
c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 2075 Þe blynd man wist..he shuld have lost his while, To make his pleynt on Beryn, & suyd oppon his good.
1598 R. Bernard tr. Terence Andria iv. v, in Terence in Eng. 86 He is now at law for his inheritance. Hee sues for his patrimonie.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxi. 113 He hath the same Liberty to sue for his right.
1673 R. Head Canting Acad. 146 She sued for Alimony.
a1768 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. (1773) I. i. vi. §44 That first [husband] hath it in his power..to sue for a divorce against her.
1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. ii. 115 The Prince of Wales..was under the age at which he could legally sue for such an object.
1858 Ld. St. Leonards Handy Bk. Prop. Law xxii. 175 To sue for a debt.
1901 W. R. H. Trowbridge Lett. Mother to Elizabeth xxii. 105 Connie Metcalfe is suing for breach of promise,—ten thousand pounds damages.
2007 Independent 23 May 37/2 Now hundreds of newly trained energy inspectors are threatening to sue for lost earnings.
†12. transitive. To take (legal action), to initiate (litigation); to plead (a cause). Frequently in to sue the law (cf. law n.1 8). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > go to law or litigate [verb (intransitive)]
pursue1389
suea1422
pleada1425
proceed1425
pleac1450
to wage one's (or the) law1455
to go to (the) law?a1513
to put at ——1534
to prosecute the law against (also upon)1535
law?a1550
to follow a suit1571
prosecute1611
to go to suit1690
litigate1726
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > carry on or institute (an action) [verb (transitive)]
bringc1000
move1379
pursue1384
leada1400
suea1422
raise1436
maintain1456
conceive1467
persecute1483
implead1554
suscitate1560
solicit?a1562
intenda1578
intent1630
a1422 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 451 (MED) Be consent of the Aldirman and þe maistres, they mown sue þe comoun lawe.
1471 in C. T. Clay Yorks. Deeds (1930) 5 (MED) If he unlawfully entre our grunde..we sall execute and sue the law agaynys thaim.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. lxiii Thoughe thou sue the lawe with charyte.
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 132 That ther be no cause sewyd out of the reame, except causys of scysme.
1572 J. Higgins Huloets Dict. (rev. ed.) Sue action of debte vpon a byll.
1651 Certaine Observ. conc. Lord Chancellor ii. vii. 112 The Alien shall not be compelled to sue the Law against the Felon.
13.
a. transitive. To initiate legal proceedings against (a person or organization); to take legal action or make a legal claim against; to bring a lawsuit to seek redress or compensation from. Frequently with for, indicating the object of, or grounds for, the claim; cf. sense 11c.In earlier use often more fully to sue at law (formerly also †to sue at (also in, to) the law).See also to sue and be sued at Phrases 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > carry on or institute (an action) [verb (transitive)] > sue or institute action against
pleada1325
implead1387
follow1389
pursue1454
process1493
to put in suit1495
to call (a person) unto the law?a1513
sue1526
suit1560
prosecute1579
to fetch a person over the hips1587
trounce1638
law1647
prosecute1656
action1734
to fetch law of1832
court1847
chicane1865
actionize1871
run1891
1438 in C. Gross Gild Merchant (1890) II. 65 Non of them shall sew oþir at lawe.
a1500 in J. Raine Vol. Eng. Misc. N. Counties Eng. (1890) 59 No Burgese, nor noo odyr man..schall sew one a nodyr bot alonely in ye cowrtte of ye Burgage.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. v. f. vjv Yff eny man will sue the at the lawe.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 716/2 Gyve me my monaye, or I wyll sewe the in the law.
1589 Pappe w. Hatchet in Lyly's Wks. (1902) III. 413 If thou sue me for a double maime, I care not though the Iurie allow thee treble damages.
1670 in F. P. Verney & M. M. Verney Mem. Verney Family 17th Cent. (1907) II. 296 My opinion is that he will not pay a peny till he is sued.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 122. ¶4 There is not one in the Town where he lives that he has not sued at a Quarter-Sessions.
a1832 A. Polson Eng. Law in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) II. 825/1 A partner cannot sue his co-partner at law in respect of anything connected with or involving the consideration of the partnership accounts.
1858 J. B. Norton Topics for Indian Statesmen 266 A timber merchant in Malabar sued the proprietress of a forest for non-delivery of certain logs of wood.
1925 J. Dos Passos Manhattan Transfer i. iii. 50 I ought to get hold of that man and make him sue the railroad.
1997 A. Perry Whited Sepulchres iii. 71 Killian Melville was sued for breach of promise and the case came to trial very rapidly.
2006 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 28 Dec. 9/5 Coffee growers suing the State Government for millions of dollars after their crops were allegedly ruined when sprayed with chemicals.
†b. transitive. With vaguer meaning, in various legal formulations in which sue is collocated with verbs expressing harassment, persecution, etc. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > persecute
seekc825
baitc1175
war?c1225
pursuec1300
chase1340
course1466
persecutea1475
suea1500
pickc1550
pursuit1563
prosecute1588
exagitate1602
dragoon1689
harass1788
martyr1851
dragonnade1881
witch-hunt1919
vamp1970
a1500 in C. T. Martin Chancery Proc. 15th Cent. in Archaeologia (1904) 59 9 Thomas Dyconson..hath of his grete malice trobolid, swed and arrested your said supplyant.
1538 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 64 Henry did wrongfully seu vex and trouble your saide subiecte.
1648 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 214 Such of my said two brothers as..shall..sewe, molest, and trouble mine executors.
1714 G. Jacob Accomplish'd Conveyancer I. 320 The said C. D...by her Consent, Act, Means or Procurement, do not molest, vex, sue, implead or cause to be molested, vexed, sued or impleaded..the said A. B. his Heirs, Executors or Administrators.
III. To petition or appeal for something; to seek to obtain something.
14.
†a. intransitive. With infinitive as complement: to seek, try, or petition to do or be something. Also figurative. Obsolete (archaic in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > endeavour > make an attempt or endeavour [verb (intransitive)] > to do something
cuneOE
seekc1000
fanda1225
suec1325
tastec1330
enforcec1340
study1340
temptc1384
intendc1385
assaila1393
proffera1393
to make meansc1395
search?a1400
fraistc1400
pursuec1400
to go aboutc1405
pretend1482
attempta1513
essay?1515
attend1523
regarda1533
offer1541
frame1545
to stand about1549
to put into (also in) practice1592
prove1612
imitate1626
snap1766
begin1833
make1880
the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > petition > to do or to be something
suec1325
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 4304 Þe erl of oxenford..bed hom sywy treweliche to do chiualerye.
c1450 (?c1408) J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte (1901) l. 586 Yf he by vertu siwe kan To be lyke in condicion.
1509 J. Fisher Mornynge Remembraunce Countesse of Rychemonde (de Worde) sig. Aiiiv Many sued to haue had her to maryage.
1595 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 iii. ii. 61 What loue dost thou thinke I sue so much to get?
1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 328 The liberty to weare which [sc. arms] causes divers to sue to be souldiers.
1656 J. Smith Myst. Rhetorique Unvail'd 147 I perswade you not to let slip occasion, whilst it..offers, nay sues to be taken.
1759 O. Goldsmith Bee 13 Oct. 36 Her bosom..rose, suing, but in vain, to be pressed.
1799 R. B. Sheridan Pizarro i. i With weariless remonstrance he sued to win me from my purpose.
1821 J. Baillie Columbus in Metrical Legends xlii The ship's brave captain..kindly sued to set him free.
†b. transitive. To petition or appeal for (something); to seek to obtain. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > petition or appeal for
suea1393
wooc1440
address1679
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. l. 256 The more he lest of that he suieth, The mor me thenketh that I winne.
1446 in 3rd Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1872) App. 360 in Parl. Papers (C. 673) XXXIII. 337 Your Aumener..hath sieued [of the Pope] Provision of the Deanery of youre Churche of Wellys.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccxvv They both are wont to swe and craue hys frendship right busyly.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) i. iii. 33 When you sued staying, Then was the time for words. View more context for this quotation
1695 M. Prior Prol. 21 Not that from this confession we would sue Praise undeserv'd.
1799 S. Turner Hist. Anglo-Saxons I. ii. vi. 287 He went with twelve soldiers to sue peace of the Welchman.
1823 W. Scott St. Ronan's Well II. iii. 79 They had prevented him from suing an augmentation of stipend.
c. intransitive. To make an appeal, petition, or plea. Frequently with for, indicating what is appealed for, and (in earlier use) with to, indicating the person to whom the appeal is made. Also figurative and in extended use.Typically with reference to submitting an appeal or entreaty for peace (esp. in military and political contexts), forgiveness, assistance, etc., from a disadvantageous or weak position.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > request > make a request [verb (intransitive)] > to, of, or upon someone
clepec825
cryc1290
to pray (one) of a boon1393
to call on ——a1400
to seek on (also upon)a1400
to call upon ——c1405
sue1405
supplicate1417
peala1425
labour1442
to make suit1447–8
supply1489
suit1526
appeal1540
apply1554
incalla1572
invocate1582
beg1600
palaver1859
1405 in J. Slater Early Scots Texts (Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Edinb.) (1952) No. 58 Tha merchandis..sewit to Sir Robert..for redres and reformacyoun of thaire gudis thrw virtu of the trewys..ane of tha merchandis..to tak restoryng and reformacioun of thaire said gudis.
c1450 in F. J. Furnivall Hymns to Virgin & Christ (1867) 20 Graciose god, upon us rewe; Take not oure trespase in to mynde, But in þi doom lete merci sue!
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. cvi They be than constrayned to sewe to god, for socour & helpe.
1532 (a1475) Assemble of Ladies in Wks. G. Chaucer f. ccxcvv/2 Be nat aferde, vnto her lowly sewe.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xcvv They haue sued for peace in vayne.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Norf. 250 Crouds of Clients sued to him for his counsel.
1763 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting III. i. 59 He sued in vain to the king for delivery.
1808 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) IV. 127 We ought not to be kept for ten days on our field of battle before the enemy (who sued on the day after the action) is brought to terms.
1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iii. iv. 24 A blessing for which many of his superiors had sued and contended in vain.
1901 Harvard Law Rev. 14 519 A Pope,..by his judgement of excommunication..brought him, a humble pilgrim, across the Alps to sue for absolution.
1915 R. H. Barbour Heart's Content xix. 203 Her eyes suing for forgiveness.
2003 Oxf. Amer. May 52/1 The Serbs sued for peace within two weeks.
†d. intransitive. With prepositional to, and infinitive as complement: to make one's appeal, petition, or plea to someone to do or be something. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > request > make a request [verb (intransitive)]
yearnOE
ask1340
fand1340
frayne1377
seek1390
allegea1393
to make requestc1400
require?c1425
sue1440
thigc1480
solicit1509
petition1611
petitionate1625
postulate1754
1440 in A. H. Thompson Visitations Relig. Houses Diocese Lincoln (1919) II. 195 Thai be bylle sewede to our most soueraigne lorde the kyng..to be remedyede of certeyn iniuries to hem done by the chanouns of the newe college.
?1499 J. Skelton Bowge of Courte (de Worde) sig. Aiv Thus in a rowe of martchauntes a grete route Suwed to fortune that she wold be theyre frynde.
1587 G. Turberville Tragicall Tales f. 43 Haue you forgotten how you sude to him, to take a wife?
c1610 ( tr. Livy First Eng. Life Henry V (Bodl. 966) (1911) 138 They labored and sewde vnto him to haue there olde priuiledges confirmed.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iii. iii. 80 Tis as I should..sue to you, to doe a peculiar profit To your owne person. View more context for this quotation
1732 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) III. 440 Divers other Nations have..sued to them..to come into Alliance with them.
†e. transitive. To make an appeal, petition, or plea to (a person) (to do something). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > appeal to or invoke
halsec825
askOE
witnec1200
halsenc1290
calla1325
incalla1340
to speak to ——1362
interpel1382
inclepec1384
turnc1384
becallc1400
ethec1400
peala1425
movec1450
provoke1477
adjure1483
invoke1490
conjurea1500
sue1521
invocatea1530
obtest1548
obtestate1553
to throw oneself on (or upon)1592
obsecrate1598
charm1599
to cry on ——1609
behight1615
imprecate1643
impray1855
1521 R. Pace Let. 13 Nov. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1846) 3rd Ser. I. 277 I sywdde hys Grace to signe the Popis lettre.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccclijv His sonnes obey him herein, and sending Ambassadours most earnestly and oft admonish and sue them [L. monent atque citant].
a1674 Earl of Clarendon Brief View Leviathan (1676) 88 To sue the Soveraign, and to demand the hearing of his Cause.
1813 Ld. Byron Giaour (ed. 7) 59 Then will I sue thee to forgive.
†15. intransitive. With after. To seek to obtain or achieve something specified. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > endeavour > attempt [verb (transitive)] > attempt to obtain or attain
to found toOE
keepc1000
seekc1000
throwa1393
minta1400
intentc1450
to try for1534
sue1548
attempt?c1550
reachc1571
assay1595
put1596
to lay in for1599
climba1616
captate1628
court1639
obseek1646
solicit1717
to make a bid for1885
the world > action or operation > endeavour > searching or seeking > search for or seek [verb (transitive)]
seekc888
aseekc1000
i-secheOE
huntc1175
to seek afterc1175
beseechc1200
fand?c1225
ofseche?c1225
to seek forc1250
atseekc1275
furiec1290
forseeka1300
outseekc1300
upseekc1315
to look after ——c1330
wait1340
laita1350
searchc1350
pursuea1382
ensearchc1384
to feel and findc1384
inseekc1384
looka1398
fraist?a1400
umseeka1400
require?c1400
walec1400
to look up1468
prowla1475
to see for ——c1485
to look for ——a1492
to have in the wind1540
sue1548
vent?1575
seek1616
explore1618
dacker1634
research1650
to see out for1683
quest1752
to see after ——1776
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. vi. 45 Which sueth after earthly thynges.
1556 N. Grimald in tr. Cicero Thre Bks. Duties Pref. sig. ¶viij In case a man loue any one parte of himself to much: or sewe after ye end therof by a wronge waye.
1645 A. Ross Medicus Medicatus sig. A7 The Contents of the second Part... 6. If we should sue after knowledge.

Phrases

†P1. to serve and sue (also to sue and serve). Cf. suit and service at suit n. 8.
a. To do service or homage. Cf. sense 5b. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > serve feudal superior [verb (transitive)]
servec1300
to serve and suea1375
liege1570
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 581 Þanne hadde þis menskful melior maydenes fele a-segned hire to serue & to seuwe hire a-boute.
1583 G. Babington Very Fruitfull Expos. Commaundem. i. 13 O howe doe men..seeke it, sewe and serue for it, their care both day and night is howe to attaine the fastest to it.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. v. sig. Gg7 What bootes thy seruice bace To her, to whom the heuens doe serue and sew?
1639 Deloney's Gentile Craft: 2nd Pt. (rev. ed.) iii. sig. C4 I know he loves me: and seeing it is so, I will make him sue and serve, and daunce attendance after me.
b. To do service for or homage to (a person). Obsolete (archaic in later use).
ΚΠ
a1456 Balade of Compleynte (BL Add. 16165) in W. W. Skeat Compl. Wks. Geoffrey Chaucer (1894) I. 415 My worldes Ioye, whome [emended in ed. to whom] I wol serve and suwe [emended in ed. to sewe].
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. vii. sig. S2v Wherefore if me thou deigne to serue and sew, At thy commaund lo all these mountaines bee.
1893 R. Garnett Poems 46 Then will I sue and serve her, spinning out My heartstrings with her wool, until I die.
P2. Law. to sue and be sued (also to sue or be sued): used to indicate whether an entity such as a company or corporate body has legal rights and duties with regard to litigation which are independent of the people who comprise it.
ΚΠ
1533–4 Act 25 Henry VIII c. 25 §4 in Statutes of Realm (1963) III. 481 The Queen empowered to dispose of the Profits of the said Manors, &c. as a Feme Sole, and to sue and be sued accordingly.
1540 Act 32 Henry VIII c. 42 §1 in Statutes of Realm (1963) III. 794 Whiche company of Barbours be incorporated to sue and be sued by the name of Maistres..of the..commynaltie of the Barbours of London.
1712 H. Prideaux Direct. Church-wardens (ed. 4) 78 They are a Corporation..and can sue or be sued.
1857 J. Toulmin Smith Parish (new ed.) 99 [The churchwardens] can sue and be sued, as a corporation, in respect to it.
1989 S. A. Fox Keys to Incorporating i. 9 A corporation may enter into contracts in its own name, hold, convey, and receive property, and sue and be sued.
1996 L. Gough Choosing Pension iv. 58 Since trusts are not ‘legal persons’, it is the trustees who can sue or be sued.
P3. to sue, labour, and travel (later also to sue and labour): (in marine insurance) to make reasonable efforts to prevent or minimize further losses resulting from an initial loss, without being liable for any costs incurred in doing so. Also as a modifier, as in sue and labour clause; cf. suing and labouring clause at suing n. Phrases.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > insurance > insure [verb (intransitive)] > other insuring operations
to sue, labour, and travel1589
twist1906
1589 J. Browne Marchants Avizo 58 And that incase of any misfortunes: it shall then be lawfull to the assured his factor, seruant, or assigne, to sue labour, & trauail, for in and about, the defence safgard and recouerie of the said Ship & goods, & all other the premisses, without any preiudice to this assurance.
1791 C. Durnford & E. H. East Rep. Cases King's Bench (ed. 3) I. 612 There is..in every policy a clause which enables the assured, in case of any loss or misfortune, to sue, labour, and travail, for the recovery of the goods, without prejudice to the insurance.
1877 Law Times Rep. 36 893/2 The assured here have not sued and laboured at all.
1899 R. G. Marsden Digest Cases Shipping 1268 Sue and Labour Clause.
2005 R. Khurram Saving Acts in Law Marine Insurance (Ph.D. diss., Swansea Univ.) v. 174 It can be said that it is ‘lawful’ for the assured to sue, labour and travel for the defence.
P4. colloquial. (so) sue me: used as a mock challenge to express defiant indifference, preceding or following a statement others might disapprove of, disagree with, or find controversial.
ΚΠ
1950 F. Loesser Sue Me (sheet music) 2 All right already, I'm just a no-good-nik! All right already, it's true, so Nu? So sue me, sue me, what can you do me? I love you.
1998 K. Allman Hot Shot 217 I grew up in a tract house in Wisconsin, not some apartment in the barrio. So sue me.
2011 N.Y. Mag. 29 Aug. 85/3 Sue me, but I can't help rooting for Cummings, who seems to have something to say about the survival skills of damaged women.

Compounds

sue-happy adj. originally and chiefly U.S. tending or too ready to initiate legal proceedings against a person or institution; litigious.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > [adjective] > litigious
litigiousa1640
lawing1641
sue-happy1951
1951 Quanah (Texas) Tribune-Chief 22 Feb. (advt.) Cover what is generally known as Public Liability. In this sue happy world this is one of the best things to have.
2004 Indianapolis Star 31 May (State ed.) e2/6 People need to take responsibility for their own actions and stop being so sue-happy.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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