Sudann.

Brit.

/suːˈdɑːn/,

/suːˈdan/,

/sᵿˈdɑːn/,

/sᵿˈdan/, U.S.

/suˈdæn/

Forms: 1800s– Soudan (now rare), 1800s– Sudan.

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Sudan.

Etymology: < the name of Sudan (also Soudan: see Sudanese n.).The Sudan dyes (see sense 2a) were apparently originally so named in German; compare quot. 1889 and German Sudanrot Sudan red (1888 as Sudanroth , or earlier), Sudanfarbe Sudan dye (1894 or earlier), etc. The semantic motivation is not entirely clear, but is probably similar to that discussed at Congo red n. at Congo adj. and n. Compounds 2a.

1. A native or inhabitant of Sudan. Also as a modifier, with the sense ‘originating in, associated with, or native to Sudan; relating to Sudan’. Cf. Sudanese n. and adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Africa > native or inhabitant of North Africa > native or inhabitant of Sudan or Nile > [noun]

Nigritian1738

Sudan1799

Sudanese1826

Dinka1861

Sudani1874

fuzzy1890

fuzzy-wuzzy1892

Nilote1893

Nilotic1906

1799 Courier & Evening Gaz. 12 Jan. 10 Sept. Joining the Soudan caravan, he travelled through El-wah, or the Oasis Magna.

1867 ‘Ouida’ Under Two Flags I. xiii. 297 Chasseurs, Zouaves..mingled with jet-black Soudans.

1889 W. F. Butler Charles George Gordon iii. 58 Some of his old Soudan soldiers.

2007 Calgary (Alberta) Herald (Nexis) 14 June (Final ed.) na5 (headline) Support builds for a Sudan school.

2. Chemistry.

a. Any of a range of synthetic dyestuffs in various colours from orange-yellow to black. Chiefly as a modifier, as Sudan dye, Sudan stain, etc.Sudan dyes are diazo compounds typically having a 2-hydroxynaphthalene group in their molecules. They are generally fat-soluble and are used chiefly as industrial dyes, e.g. for plastics, and as histological stains to show the presence of lipids.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic dyes > [noun] > azo or diazo dyes

Sudan1889

1889 Chem. Trade Jrnl. 8 June 356/2 The similarly constructed Sudan of the Berlin Actiengesellschaft fur Anilinfabrikation..has thus far only been used in the manufacture of varnishes.

1900 Pharmaceut. Jrnl. 21 Apr. 413/1 The [urinary] sediment is..stained by immersion in concentrated solution of Soudan dye in alcohol.

1912 Jrnl. Infectious Dis. 11 375 Frozen sections of the liver, kidneys, and spleen did not reveal any sudan staining.

1953 A. G. E. Pearse Histochem. viii. 175 They showed that in mixtures of the Sudan dyes in alcohol each dissolves independently of the other, and the total amount of dye available for staining depends on the number of Sudans present.

1993 S. J. Ettinger Pocket Compan. Textbk. Vet. Internal Med. lxxxvi. 461 Fecal microscopy includes preparations of direct and indirect Sudan stain, Lugol's iodine stain, and new methylene blue or Wright's stain.

2005 Daily Tel. 22 Feb. 21/1 Food scientists have been concerned about the risk of Sudan dyes as an illegal food additive in imported chilli powder for a couple of years.

b. In names of particular dyes, as Sudan I, Sudan II, Sudan III, Sudan IV (also Sudan 1, Sudan 2, etc.); Sudan black (also Sudan black B), Sudan red, etc.

ΚΠ

1893 Jrnl. Soc. Dyers & Colourists 9 87/4 (table) Sudan II, and III... Sudan brown.

1894 A. G. Green tr. G. Schultz & P. Julius Syst. Surv. Org. Colouring Matters 66 (table) Sudan I..Benzene-azo-β-naphthol. C₁₆H₁₂N₂O.

1939 T. L. Green Pract. Animal Biol. iv. 258 Repeat as above, but dip the smear into an aqueous solution of Sudan 3 which will stain the fat globules red.

1956 Nature 24 Mar. 586/1 This polybase..has the advantage of being stained by naphthalene black 12B as well as by sudan black.

1966 C. R. Leeson & T. S. Leeson Histol. i. 16/1 Fat can be detected in sections which have not been exposed to fat solvents by stains such as Sudan III, Sudan IV, and Sudan black B.

2003 Guardian 1 Aug. i. 8/5 Fresh chilli is not affected and checks are now being made on imports to ensure that products test negative for Sudan 1 before being allowed into Britain.

3. In full Sudan grass. A tall annual grass, Sorghum x drummondii, native to sub-Saharan Africa and grown widely as a fodder crop elsewhere.

ΚΠ

1911 Yearbk. U.S. Dept. Agric. 1910 85 Sudan grass is a true bunch-grass, after the manner of timothy, and is just as easily handled.

1949 Hoard's Dairyman 25 Oct. 756/3 Frost-nipped cane, sudan, pig weeds, Johnson grass, and flax are poisonous to cattle.

1979 W. Berry Elmer Lapp's Place in Gift of Good Land (1981) 225 Above his row of beehives is a border of sudan grass that he has let go to seed for the birds.

2003 Guardian 24 Oct. ii. 6 Sudan grass..is prized as a cattle feed by farmers in Japan. So it's grown in the desert and shipped across the Pacific.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022).

单词	sudan
释义	Sudann. Brit. /suːˈdɑːn/, /suːˈdan/, /sᵿˈdɑːn/, /sᵿˈdan/, U.S. /suˈdæn/ Forms: 1800s– Soudan (now rare), 1800s– Sudan. Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Sudan. Etymology: < the name of Sudan (also Soudan: see Sudanese n.).The Sudan dyes (see sense 2a) were apparently originally so named in German; compare quot. 1889 and German Sudanrot Sudan red (1888 as Sudanroth , or earlier), Sudanfarbe Sudan dye (1894 or earlier), etc. The semantic motivation is not entirely clear, but is probably similar to that discussed at Congo red n. at Congo adj. and n. Compounds 2a. 1. A native or inhabitant of Sudan. Also as a modifier, with the sense ‘originating in, associated with, or native to Sudan; relating to Sudan’. Cf. Sudanese n. and adj. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Africa > native or inhabitant of North Africa > native or inhabitant of Sudan or Nile > [noun] Nigritian1738 Sudan1799 Sudanese1826 Dinka1861 Sudani1874 fuzzy1890 fuzzy-wuzzy1892 Nilote1893 Nilotic1906 1799 Courier & Evening Gaz. 12 Jan. 10 Sept. Joining the Soudan caravan, he travelled through El-wah, or the Oasis Magna. 1867 ‘Ouida’ Under Two Flags I. xiii. 297 Chasseurs, Zouaves..mingled with jet-black Soudans. 1889 W. F. Butler Charles George Gordon iii. 58 Some of his old Soudan soldiers. 2007 Calgary (Alberta) Herald (Nexis) 14 June (Final ed.) na5 (headline) Support builds for a Sudan school. 2. Chemistry. a. Any of a range of synthetic dyestuffs in various colours from orange-yellow to black. Chiefly as a modifier, as Sudan dye, Sudan stain, etc.Sudan dyes are diazo compounds typically having a 2-hydroxynaphthalene group in their molecules. They are generally fat-soluble and are used chiefly as industrial dyes, e.g. for plastics, and as histological stains to show the presence of lipids. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic dyes > [noun] > azo or diazo dyes Sudan1889 1889 Chem. Trade Jrnl. 8 June 356/2 The similarly constructed Sudan of the Berlin Actiengesellschaft fur Anilinfabrikation..has thus far only been used in the manufacture of varnishes. 1900 Pharmaceut. Jrnl. 21 Apr. 413/1 The [urinary] sediment is..stained by immersion in concentrated solution of Soudan dye in alcohol. 1912 Jrnl. Infectious Dis. 11 375 Frozen sections of the liver, kidneys, and spleen did not reveal any sudan staining. 1953 A. G. E. Pearse Histochem. viii. 175 They showed that in mixtures of the Sudan dyes in alcohol each dissolves independently of the other, and the total amount of dye available for staining depends on the number of Sudans present. 1993 S. J. Ettinger Pocket Compan. Textbk. Vet. Internal Med. lxxxvi. 461 Fecal microscopy includes preparations of direct and indirect Sudan stain, Lugol's iodine stain, and new methylene blue or Wright's stain. 2005 Daily Tel. 22 Feb. 21/1 Food scientists have been concerned about the risk of Sudan dyes as an illegal food additive in imported chilli powder for a couple of years. b. In names of particular dyes, as Sudan I, Sudan II, Sudan III, Sudan IV (also Sudan 1, Sudan 2, etc.); Sudan black (also Sudan black B), Sudan red, etc. ΚΠ 1893 Jrnl. Soc. Dyers & Colourists 9 87/4 (table) Sudan II, and III... Sudan brown. 1894 A. G. Green tr. G. Schultz & P. Julius Syst. Surv. Org. Colouring Matters 66 (table) Sudan I..Benzene-azo-β-naphthol. C₁₆H₁₂N₂O. 1939 T. L. Green Pract. Animal Biol. iv. 258 Repeat as above, but dip the smear into an aqueous solution of Sudan 3 which will stain the fat globules red. 1956 Nature 24 Mar. 586/1 This polybase..has the advantage of being stained by naphthalene black 12B as well as by sudan black. 1966 C. R. Leeson & T. S. Leeson Histol. i. 16/1 Fat can be detected in sections which have not been exposed to fat solvents by stains such as Sudan III, Sudan IV, and Sudan black B. 2003 Guardian 1 Aug. i. 8/5 Fresh chilli is not affected and checks are now being made on imports to ensure that products test negative for Sudan 1 before being allowed into Britain. 3. In full Sudan grass. A tall annual grass, Sorghum x drummondii, native to sub-Saharan Africa and grown widely as a fodder crop elsewhere. ΚΠ 1911 Yearbk. U.S. Dept. Agric. 1910 85 Sudan grass is a true bunch-grass, after the manner of timothy, and is just as easily handled. 1949 Hoard's Dairyman 25 Oct. 756/3 Frost-nipped cane, sudan, pig weeds, Johnson grass, and flax are poisonous to cattle. 1979 W. Berry Elmer Lapp's Place in Gift of Good Land (1981) 225 Above his row of beehives is a border of sudan grass that he has let go to seed for the birds. 2003 Guardian 24 Oct. ii. 6 Sudan grass..is prized as a cattle feed by farmers in Japan. So it's grown in the desert and shipped across the Pacific. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022). < n.1799
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