| 释义 |
subsidyn. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French subsidie, subside; Latin subsidium. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman subsidie (1354 or earlier), subsidee (a1412), variants (with suffix substitution: compare -y suffix3, -y suffix5) of Anglo-Norman and Middle French subside help, assistance (1236 in Old French; earlier as succide (1220 in Old French)), occasional tax, pecuniary aid levied by a sovereign or lord (1314), in Anglo-Norman also a tax levied on imports and exports, the income from which was granted by parliament to the sovereign to meet particular needs (1340 or earlier), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin subsidium reserve troops, reinforcements, action of reinforcing, assistance, help, support, haven, refuge, in post-classical Latin also feudal aid (from 12th cent. in British sources), aid granted to sovereign (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources), maintenance, upkeep (from 13th cent. in British sources) < sub- sub- prefix + sedēre to sit (see sedent adj.) +-ium (see -y suffix4). Compare Old Occitan subsidi (1420), Catalan subsidi (1350), Spanish subsidio (1331), Portuguese subsídio (15th cent.), Italian sussidio (1313); also Dutch subsidie (1567; now chiefly in plural subsidiën ), German Subsidien (plural noun; 1648, earliest in the compound Subsidiengelder ). Compare later subside n. and note on forms at that entry.Senses 3a and 3b are not paralleled in French until later (1835 and 1694, respectively). With the β. forms perhaps compare residue n., due n. the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > [noun] a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 469 Everych [element of the body] schulde..ȝeve us special helpe and subsidie [L. subsidium] by his owne dispensacioun. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden (Harl. 2261) (1869) II. 189 A thowmbe in the ryȝhte foote of Pyrrhus kynge, the towchenge of whom ȝafe subsidy ageyne venom [L. cuius tactus contra venenum valuit]. 1492 J. Ryman Poems lxxxi, in (1892) 89 250 Petir and Paule and seintis alle..For subsidie to you we calle. ?1520 A. Barclay tr. Sallust xxx. f. 42 On the ryght wynge..he ordayned as it were a forwarde enforced with a threfolde subsidy or socoures [L. triplicibus subsidiis]. ?1533 J. Frith (title) An other boke against Rastel named the subsedye or bulwark to his fyrst boke. a1555 H. Latimer (1562) vii. 53 [45] To cry vnto god..for a subsidie against this..enemy. 1639 T. Fuller iv. viii. 180 Before he began his voyage he craved a subsidie of prayers from the Monks of S. Albanes. 1675 V. Alsop iii. §2. 203 It's a very Ruful cause that needs such Subsidies to maintain it. 1765 L. Howard sig. Cv We will give his Majesty a Subsidy of Prayers. 1830 W. Hamilton in Oct. 180 Dr. Brown..rejects as unphilosophical, those hyperphysical subsidies. 2. society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > subsidy > [noun] society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > subsidy > [noun] > type of 1422 (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1422 §19. m. 11 The forsaid pouere commens..graunton' to oure said lord the kyng..a subsidie of .xxxiij. s. .iiij. d...of every sak weight of wolle, and of every .ccxl. of wolle felle. 1422 (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1422 §19. m. 11 A subsidie of tonage and poundage.., that is to sey of every tunne .iij. s.; and .xij. d. of every pounde. 1426 (Electronic ed.) Parl. Feb. 1426 §28. m. 6 Without any subsidee payng for þe same [sc. wool]. a1475 J. Fortescue (Laud) (1885) 122 The kynge hath therfore þe subsidie off pondage and tonnage. 1544 in W. L. Nash (1851) 70 To the kynges collectors for the subsidie ixs iiijd. 1571 in (1894) VIII. 29 The assessing and taxing of the first payment of the Subsedye graunted by the Layetie at the last Parliament. 1581 ii. f. 21 Which..might reliue them [sc. breeders of wool] of other subsidies. 1603–4 c. 33 §2 Except and foreprised out of this Graunt of Subsidie & of Poundage, All maner of Woollen Cloth made or wrought. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iv. vii. 21 He that made vs pay one and twenty Fifteenes, and one shilling to the pound, the last Subsidie . View more context for this quotation 1660 c. 4 A Subsidy granted to the King of Tonnage and Poundage and other summes of Money payable upon Merchandize Exported and Imported. a1684 J. Evelyn anno 1671 (1955) III. 576 The subsidie now given his Majestie by Parliament. 1702 I. i. 6 There was a mention..of granting five Subsidies, a proportion..scarce ever before heard of in Parliament. 1725 No. 6366/2 All Goods..which shall have remained in His Majesty's Warehouse for Security of the Duties Twelve Months, the Subsidies and Duties not paid. 1728 E. Chambers (at cited word) In the List of English Duties, or Impositions, are divers Kinds of Subsidies: Old Subsidy, Additional Imposition to the old Subsidy. New Subsidy, third Subsidy; Two-thirds Subsidy. 1777 J. Scruton 384 The subsidy, new subsidy, one third subsidy, two thirds subsidy, additional duty, and impost inwards, for seventy-two pieces callicoes, were paid at London, by the united company, the 23d of July last. 1845 J. R. McCulloch ii. v. 228 The new subsidy, granted in the reign of William III, was an addition of 5 per cent. to the duties on most imported commodities. 1876 E. A. Freeman V. xxiii. 181 In those days a subsidy took the form of a feudal grant. 1941 J. Dos Passos ii. i. 39 Instead of voting subsidies to the King, the Commons had questions to ask. 1981 R. A. Griffiths xv. 380 Only in its unique fourth session were tunnage and poundage and the wool subsidy at last renewed. society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > subsidy > [noun] > type of ?a1425 (a1400) (Corpus Cambr.) 324 Þe King axed of þe clergye a subsidie of L Ml. li. ?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif (1880) 103 Whanne þe kyng & lordis axeden of grete prelatis subsidies & dymes for here temperaltes. ?c1450 tr. (1906) 89 That quene..dede mani aduersiteez to the pepille, by tailez and subsidiez. 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan iii. v. sig. Lviiiv Hys subgettes of ryght are holden to sette a subsydye vpon them self. ?1536 R. Copland sig. A.iiv If that our prynce do aske a subsedy From our ennemyes vs to defend. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane f. xljv A subsidie is to be gathered in all countreis of the Empyre for the Turkishe warre. 1592 R. Greene sig. Bv Their fathers were not aboue three pounds in the kings bookes at a subsidye. 1609 J. Skene tr. ii. lxxiii Of helps and subsidies asked be the Lord fra his men... As quhen his sonne and heire is to be made knicht, or quhen he is to giue his eldest dochter in mariage. 1676 W. Dugdale II. 363 He had, upon pretence of necessity, made Sales and Exchanges of the King's Lands;..Levied Subsidies under colour of War; imbezelled the Kings Treasure. 1733 tr. I. 290 The Spiritual Sovereignty with which his Holiness is invested, authorises him to levy Subsidies, grant Briefs, and settle and collect Tythes. 1781 E. Gibbon (1787) III. xxxi. 225 He stipulated an annual subsidy of corn and money. 1863 A. P. Stanley I. xv. 347 From the treasury of the sanctuary..they granted him a subsidy. 1874 J. R. Green vii. §5. 395 The perils of her reign drove her [Elizabeth] at rare intervals to the demand of a subsidy. 1981 J. S. Roskell 147 The parliament of 1449–50 ran to a third session..resulting in their refusal before Easter to grant the royal demand for a subsidy for the defence of Normandy. 2011 R. D. Congleton xiii. 359 Parliaments were called and dismissed by the head of the royal household and were normally called only when he or she needed additional revenues (subsidies) from parliament. 3. 1447 O. Bokenham (Arun.) (1938) l. 10048 (MED) She by fyue-folde of consyderacyoun Of god purchasyd rewarde eternally, First, by..personel vysytacyoun..The fourte ys gostly consolacyoun, The fyfte of temporal subsydye ys plente. a1475 in A. Clark (1906) ii. 394 Whan she wold entir religion, the forsaid hugh shold yeve to the same xx marke into subsidie. a1525 (?1421) (1907) I. 36 The maiour to gyve a subsydye of money to the wardens of yche warde. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane f. cclxxxvj He..shall geue to his children as a subsidie an hondreth thousand crownes. a1656 J. Ussher (1658) 868 The Christians of Antiochia,..gathering a subsidie for their friends that lived in Judea, sent it by the hands of Barnabas and Saul. 1711 R. Steele No. 53. ⁋10 Your Mention of a Subsidy for a Prince in Misfortune. 1815 W. Scott II. v. 114 He resolved to avail himself of Meg's subsidy, confident he would have a speedy opportunity of replacing it with a handsome gratuity. 1862 W. M. Thackeray I. xvi. 305 Out of small earnings [he] managed to transmit no small comforts and subsidies to old parents living somewhere in Munster. 1986 Dec. 50/2 These people have a ‘subsidy from Grandfather's estate’, or a..‘big hunk of dough when I turn 21’. 2005 H. Smith iii. 80 If poor individuals could engage in petty trade or receive food and income subsidies from relatives,..they would have been protected for a while. society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > grants and allowances > [noun] > paid by one country to another 1652 26 The Treaty of Campeigne, made between Lewis 13. King of France, and the States of the United Provinces, concerning a Subsidie against Spain. 1668 W. Temple Let. to Sir O. Bridgman 27 Jan. in (1720) II. 56 The hopes we must give him of obtaining Subsidies from Spain, which might countervail what they might lose from France. 1799 Earl Mornington Let. 28 Nov. in Marquess Wellesley (1877) 188 Purneah had discharged the first monthly kist of the subsidy stipulated by the late treaty. 1832 J.-C.-L. S. de Sismondi xv. 324 Maximilian had never money enough to carry on the war without the subsidies of his allies. 1870 Earl Stanhope xii. 420 He proposed to contribute by monthly subsidies to the prosecution of the war against Philip if Philip persevered. 1973 M. H. Keen xvi. 381 The English parliament ceased to contribute to the war. No subsidy was granted for nearly seven years. 2005 P. Camiller tr. H. Münkler ii. 45 These subsidies prolonged the war in two ways: by making its continuation possible and by making its termination more difficult. society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > grants and allowances > [noun] > subsidy by a state 1832 10 Mar. 28/1 Subsidies and loans, directly or indirectly, to printers, editors and lawyers. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Subsidy..a sum allowed for the conveyance of mails. 1881 H. Fawcett (ed. 4) 38 The special object of assisting through postal subsidies the American shipping trade. 1912 1 Only those lorries which comply in every particular with the terms of this specification..will be eligible for the grant of full subsidy. 1927 Nov. 357/2 The rest of society is under a moral obligation to make his business profitable by subsidy and special privilege. 1982 P. Lewis 2 The cost of such an allowance would certainly be less..than the £300m spent in 1976 on a general subsidy of electricity prices. 2008 (Nexis) 12 May Rye growers..may be more likely to be tempted by government subsidies for corn and soy, which are more easily cultivated. a1631 J. Donne (1633) 220 Womankinde, Who though from heart, and eyes, They exact great subsidies, Forsake him who on them relies. 1640 T. Carew 32 Universall losses may command A subsidie from every private eye. 1725 W. Somervile 9 Rushes and Sags, an inbred Foe, Choak up the muddy Pool below, The Tyrant Sun on high Exacts his usual Subsidy, And the poor Pittance that remains, Each gapeing Cranny drains. 1818 S. T. Coleridge (1936) i. iii. 24 I may safely believe that I am almost the only Englishman who ever levied so heavy a subsidy on his own time and patience. 1835 L. H. H. Sigourney 81 Revenge may draw a subsidy from pain. 1993 A. Friedberg p. xiv Our many shared flâneries have provided extraordinary intellectual and emotional subsidy. Phrases 1562 in D. Pickering (1763) VI. 166 Every justice of peace..by some credible person assessed and taxed in the book of subsidy of that county..shall..forfeit unto the Queen's majesty..ten pounds. 1581 W. Lambarde i. xvi. 109 Such as haue their names registred in the Booke of Subsidie. society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > international agreements > [noun] > treaty > treaty depending on subsidies 1737 Nov. 705/2 This Court..has push'd with so much Ardour the Treaties of Subsidy with Sweden and Denmark, as that they are both very far advanc'd. 1817 State Papers 373/1 Treaty of Subsidy between Great Britain and Baden, signed at Brussels, 10th May, 1815. 1990 J. K. Severn in N. Gash 42 The junta, manoeuvring to conclude a treaty of subsidy with Great Britain, presented its own plan for reform. Compounds C1. a. General attributive. 1680 W. Petyt Pref. sig. A6 He designed to take and imprision John Earl of Warwick,..To conclude whose sad Fate, I shall add the Preamble of an Act of Parliament, more memorable, because in a Subsidy Act. 1910 XI. 86 Uniform rates of duty were fixed in England by the Subsidy Act of 1660. 1997 M. B. Young i. 28 To get the money he needed, Buckingham led Parliament to believe that they had an understanding spelled out in the terms of the Subsidy Act. 1911 2 A proportion of the initial subsidy fee. 1966 1 10/1 The subsidy fee for insertion was about $1.10. 2010 (Nexis) 17 Feb. 14 The Federal Government has increased the maximum subsidy fee of insulin pumps for children under the age of 18 from $2500 to $6400. b. society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > subsidy > [noun] > book or list 1572 Chamberlains' Accts. in J. Webb (1996) 95 Paid to the pursuivante the viijt of Julye for bringinge of the subsedye book iijs. iiijd. 1663 A. Marvell Let. 20 June in (1971) II. 38 The old way of rating in the subsidy books. 1792 ii. 420 The Minister of Finances gave information that the departments were completing their subsidy-books, and would soon pay up their taxes. 2002 J. Tincey 13 Twysden was summoned, with his muster roll and subsidy book, to a meeting at an inn called the Sign of the Star. the mind > possession > wealth > [noun] > rich or wealthy person > well-off person or people society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > subsidy > [noun] > one liable to pay 1607 T. Middleton iii. sig. F4 If wee procure you two substantiall subsidie Cittizens to baile you. the mind > possession > wealth > [noun] > rich or wealthy person > well-off person or people society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > subsidy > [noun] > one liable to pay 1591 R. Percyvall Dict. at Canama Subsidie men, Classis tributariorum. 1597–8 c. 3 §1 Fower substanciall Howsholders there beinge Subsidy men, or for wante of Subsidy men fower other substanciall Howseholders. 1618 (MS) f. 50 He is worth (his debts beinge paid) a hundreth pounds, but is no subsidie man. a1676 M. Hale (1677) ii. x. 237 If we should..compare the numbers of Trained Souldiers then and now, the number of Subsidy-men then and now, they will easily give us an Account of a very great Increase and Multiplication of People. 1797 G. Stapleton 102 Special Bail is given in cases of higher importance, where it is required that the sureties be subsidy-men at least. 1987 J. Boulton (2005) viii. 225 Michael Mossendue was a £3 subsidy man in 1622 and assessed at 2d. for the poor rate. society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > subsidy > [noun] society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > [noun] > income of a nation or state > derived from other specific sources 1577 R. Holinshed II. (table) sig. L.ivv/2 Subsidie money restored againe too the owners. 1595 in (1885) App. v. 455 The subsidey money groweing to the said towne. 1625–9 in J. Rushworth (1659) 188 Whether these Eight Ships lent to the French King..were not paid with the Subsidy-money? 1798 tr. 33/2 From the difference of the pay which an English and a Hanoverian soldier gets, the Government may profit a full third if not one half of the whole subsidy money. 1951 17 Feb. 37/2 (advt.) Exposition Press is the first and only subsidy publisher with full trade sales staff covering the nearly 3,000 principal bookshops of the United States and Canada. 1988 (Nexis) 19 Jan. Welcome to the world of vanity presses, or ‘subsidy publishers’ as they prefer to be called. 2010 V. Brown in C. Smallwood iii. 66/2 Financial expense is paid directly to the subsidy publisher, usually in three to four installments. 1949 Aug. 21/1 Your New York correspondent mentioned the success Ed Bodin had had with subsidy publication of several of his books. Just what is the difference between vanity and subsidy publishing? 1983 9 Aug. a10/2 (advt.) Mr S. Michael, the editor of a well-known New York subsidy publishing firm, will be interviewing local authors in a quest for finished manuscripts suitable for book publication. 2008 J. Passet vii. 188 Discouraged, yet determined to see her work in print, Jeannette turned to subsidy publishing. society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > subsidy > [noun] > book or list 1670 T. Blount at Roll There are in the Exchequer several kindes, as the Great Wardrobe Roll, the Cofferers Roll, the Subsidy Roll, &c. 1786 G. Chalmers (new ed.) 14 A comparison..of the notices of Domesday Book with the statements of the Subsidy Roll, would shew a much inferior populousness soon after the Conquest in 1077. 1886 XX. 313/1 The subsidy rolls record the fifteenths and tenths, &c., granted by parliament to the crown. 2005 W. J. Roulston iv. 55 Subsidy rolls list the nobility, clergy and laity who paid a grant in aid to the crown. society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > international agreements > [noun] > treaty > treaty depending on subsidies 1731 Aug. 358/1 The Government of England will discontinue the Subsidy Treaty for maintaining a Body of 12,000 Hessians. 1747 Oct. 498/1 They continue to talk of the speedy march of a powerful body of troops to the assistance of the allies, in pursuance of a subsidy-treaty. 1762 in (1885) App. i. 348 We did not renew last year the Subsidy Treaty with the King of Prussia. 2007 D. E. Showalter & W. J. Astore ii. 41 Even established states like Denmark concluded subsidy treaties with more ambitious, more affluent neighbors. C2. British. Now historical. Designating any of various vehicles subsidized by the War Office or equivalent authority in peace time while in their owners' possession but liable to be commissioned on the outbreak of war. 1913Subsidy lurry [see subsidy machine n.]. 1978 C. F. Klapper (1984) vi. 61 A fleet of 25 Dennis War Department subsidy lorries (of which 7,000 were built) was purchased in 1919. 1913 Standard War Office Subsidy lurry..War Office Subsidy machines. 1914 H. M. Wyatt x. 158 Makers and users are left with a fairly free hand as regards the type of body to be fitted to a subsidy machine. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). subsidyv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion; perhaps modelled on a French lexical item. Etymon: subsidy n. Etymology: < subsidy n., perhaps after French subsidier (1556 in Middle French). Compare Italian sussidiare (a1571), Dutch †subsidiëeren (1741 in this sense; earlier in sense ‘to give (something) as subsidy’ (1678)), Swedish subsidiera (1675). Compare later subsidize v. 1656 Protest States Gen. 15 Aug. in (1742) V. 275 The said town of Dantzick shall be effectually assisted and subsidied with the sum of 1200 rix-dollars per mensem. 1770 Sept. 126 On Denmark we can have little or no reliance, a court which has for many years been subsidied by France. 1837 T. Carlyle III. vii. iii. 414 Austria hesitates; finally refuses, being subsidied by Pitt. 1858 T. Carlyle I. iii. xx. 372 The English..fought and subsidied from side to side of Europe. 1930 4 May 19/3 He stressed the necessity of a fighting organization that would wage battle against financial groups and organizations subsidied by these groups. 1998 108 493 The poaching problem can be avoided if firms providing training are subsidied by industry-wide levies charged on profits. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.a1387 v.1656 |
