subshelladj.n.

Brit.

/ˈsʌbʃɛl/, U.S.

/ˈsəbˌʃɛl/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: sub- prefix, shell n.

Etymology: < sub- prefix + shell n.

A. adj.

Located or occurring beneath a shell.

ΚΠ

1868 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 2 8 The sub-shell-layers display, in places, slightly raised oval impressions, the same as those seen in Mr. Birmingham's specimen.

1884 Ornithologist & Oologist 9 16/1 They presented a good superficial design and the cloudy sub-shell coloring seen on average sets of Red-shouldered Hawks.

1914 R. H. Schauffler Romantic Amer. x. 303 Do not imagine that you are likely to see anything of his real sub-shell personality if you appear hurried or anxious to see it.

1966 Adv. Parasitol. 4 173 Ogren (personal communication) has recently confirmed that in Hymenolepis ‘there are 2 subshell nuclei present’ (presumably those of the outer envelope).

1989 J. D. Smyth & D. P. McManus Physiol. & Biochem. Cestodes vii. 179 The presence of a subshell membrane has been noted.., but it is often difficult to see and its embryonic origin is unknown.

B. n.

1. Chiefly Geology. A shell that lies beneath another shell; a subsidiary layer within a shell.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > [noun] > crust

crust1555

sole1610

shella1704

earth-rind1827

subshell1906

1906 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 172 203 The weight of the crust overlying any sub-shell would necessarily close all cavities almost as fast as formed during the slow secular cooling.

1933 Jrnl. Geol. (Chicago) 41 10 This shear zone he considers the basal plane of the greater fault blocks—a plane in which the shell shears over the subshell.

1973 W. L. Stokes Essent. Earth Hist. (ed. 3) viii. 173/2 A number of discontinuities within the mantle divide it into perhaps as many as ten subshells.

2002 K. J. Johnson New Scenery Tips & Techniques ii. 5/1 I'll assume you have a subshell in place, such as cardboard webbing.

2002 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 14026 Since the discovery of the inner core in 1936, no additional spherical subshell of the Earth has been observed.

2. Physics and Chemistry. A set of allowed quantum states within a shell of an atom which can be occupied by electrons having the same value of the orbital quantum number l (cf. shell n. 19b). Also: a corresponding set of allowed quantum states of nucleons in a nucleus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > electron shell > [noun] > set of orbitals in

subshell1927

1927 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 13 742 The resulting ion would have its lowest energy electrons in a complete subshell (3₁), which has, moreover, zero moment of momentum and zero magnetic moment.

1946 Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 49 191 The distinguishing characteristic of the transition elements is that their atoms contain a partially filled d subshell in the shell underlying the outer electron shell.

1988 New Scientist 31 Mar. 45/2 The prediction of shells and subshells of nucleons with a given angular momentum is the theoretical heart of the shell model.

2005 R. A. Serway et al. Mod. Physics ix. 319 An atom tends to be chemically inert if its highest subshell is full and there is an appreciable energy gap to the next-higher subshell.

3. Computing. An instance of a shell (shell n. Additions b) initiated by another shell.

ΚΠ

1985 IEE Proc. Computers & Digital Techniques 132 261/1 Because the fork creates an identical running image of a program, subshells are trivially implemented on UNIX.

1992 InfoWorld 28 Dec. 30/4 Using the syntax #command.com /c filename.bat will cause a ‘self-contained’ subshell to be executed.

2009 R. Petersen Ubuntu 9.04 xiv. 588 When you execute a shell script.., the system generates a subshell.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	subshell
释义	subshelladj.n. Brit. /ˈsʌbʃɛl/, U.S. /ˈsəbˌʃɛl/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: sub- prefix, shell n. Etymology: < sub- prefix + shell n. A. adj. Located or occurring beneath a shell. ΚΠ 1868 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 2 8 The sub-shell-layers display, in places, slightly raised oval impressions, the same as those seen in Mr. Birmingham's specimen. 1884 Ornithologist & Oologist 9 16/1 They presented a good superficial design and the cloudy sub-shell coloring seen on average sets of Red-shouldered Hawks. 1914 R. H. Schauffler Romantic Amer. x. 303 Do not imagine that you are likely to see anything of his real sub-shell personality if you appear hurried or anxious to see it. 1966 Adv. Parasitol. 4 173 Ogren (personal communication) has recently confirmed that in Hymenolepis ‘there are 2 subshell nuclei present’ (presumably those of the outer envelope). 1989 J. D. Smyth & D. P. McManus Physiol. & Biochem. Cestodes vii. 179 The presence of a subshell membrane has been noted.., but it is often difficult to see and its embryonic origin is unknown. B. n. 1. Chiefly Geology. A shell that lies beneath another shell; a subsidiary layer within a shell. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > [noun] > crust crust1555 sole1610 shella1704 earth-rind1827 subshell1906 1906 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 172 203 The weight of the crust overlying any sub-shell would necessarily close all cavities almost as fast as formed during the slow secular cooling. 1933 Jrnl. Geol. (Chicago) 41 10 This shear zone he considers the basal plane of the greater fault blocks—a plane in which the shell shears over the subshell. 1973 W. L. Stokes Essent. Earth Hist. (ed. 3) viii. 173/2 A number of discontinuities within the mantle divide it into perhaps as many as ten subshells. 2002 K. J. Johnson New Scenery Tips & Techniques ii. 5/1 I'll assume you have a subshell in place, such as cardboard webbing. 2002 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 14026 Since the discovery of the inner core in 1936, no additional spherical subshell of the Earth has been observed. 2. Physics and Chemistry. A set of allowed quantum states within a shell of an atom which can be occupied by electrons having the same value of the orbital quantum number l (cf. shell n. 19b). Also: a corresponding set of allowed quantum states of nucleons in a nucleus. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > electron shell > [noun] > set of orbitals in subshell1927 1927 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 13 742 The resulting ion would have its lowest energy electrons in a complete subshell (3₁), which has, moreover, zero moment of momentum and zero magnetic moment. 1946 Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 49 191 The distinguishing characteristic of the transition elements is that their atoms contain a partially filled d subshell in the shell underlying the outer electron shell. 1988 New Scientist 31 Mar. 45/2 The prediction of shells and subshells of nucleons with a given angular momentum is the theoretical heart of the shell model. 2005 R. A. Serway et al. Mod. Physics ix. 319 An atom tends to be chemically inert if its highest subshell is full and there is an appreciable energy gap to the next-higher subshell. 3. Computing. An instance of a shell (shell n. Additions b) initiated by another shell. ΚΠ 1985 IEE Proc. Computers & Digital Techniques 132 261/1 Because the fork creates an identical running image of a program, subshells are trivially implemented on UNIX. 1992 InfoWorld 28 Dec. 30/4 Using the syntax #command.com /c filename.bat will cause a ‘self-contained’ subshell to be executed. 2009 R. Petersen Ubuntu 9.04 xiv. 588 When you execute a shell script.., the system generates a subshell. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1868
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