superchargen.

Brit.

/ˈsuːpətʃɑːdʒ/,

/ˈsjuːpətʃɑːdʒ/, U.S.

/ˈsupərˌtʃɑrdʒ/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: super- prefix, charge n.

Etymology: < super- prefix + charge n. Compare post-classical Latin superchargium surcharge (13th cent. in a British source). Compare earlier overcharge n., surcharge n.² With sense 3 compare earlier supercharge v. 2.

1. Heraldry. (Usually as two words or hyphenated.) A charge borne upon another charge. Now rare.Chiefly in glossaries.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > charge: device on shield > [noun] > one charge surmounting another

supercharge1722

1722 A. Nisbet Syst. Heraldry I. x. 46 If the Super-charge be comprehended within the Limits of the Fess, then it's said to be charged, or as we say commonly, on a Fess.

1777 ‘M. A. Porny’ Elements Heraldry (ed. 3) at word Super-charge... This is said of a figure borne on another bearing.

1847 H. Gough Gloss. Terms Brit. Heraldry 298 Super-charge: a charge which surmounts another, as the chevron in the arms of Dyxton.

1980 C. Hasler Royal Arms p. xi Anything..imposed upon another charge, [is] sometimes called a ‘super-charge’.

2. A cost or charge (charge n. II.***) over and above that which is expected or usual; an excessive charge, an overcharge.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > charges > [noun] > additional or excessive charge

overprice1494

surcharge1601

overcharge1663

over-chargement1686

supercharge1738

upcharge1925

1738 Let. from Merchant to Member of Parl. 48 As our Merchants must charge that Loss upon the Price of our own Manufactures..this Supercharge will very much injure the Sale of our home Manufactures.

1826 B. Disraeli in W. F. Monypenny & G. E. Buckle Life Disraeli (1910) I. vii. 95 I generally detect the aubergiste in a super-charge.

1950 Jrnl. Rom. Stud. 40 127 Over and above the regular taxes there were all kinds of supercharges, which varied bewilderingly.

1997 Hobart (Austral.) Mercury (Nexis) 10 May For the same service, consumers must now pay a network access charge, a service charge, and a super charge of 5% in addition.

3. Engineering. A fuel–air mixture of higher than atmospheric pressure in the cylinders of an internal combustion engine; the increase in pressure applied to this mixture by a supercharger. Cf. boost n.² 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > [noun] > charge of high pressure

supercharge1911

1911 U.S. Patent 981,811 1/2 The other half of the air compression cylinder charge..is subsequently forced into the air already in the explosion cylinder, making a supercharge of air for explosion.

1948 Petroleum Handbk. (Shell Petroleum Co. Ltd.) (ed. 3) xxv. 356 The extra fuel has a certain cooling effect, and this permits an increase in boost (degree of supercharge).

1971 L. J. K. Setright Power to Fly v. 120 The immediate effect of the new fuel was to allow a greater degree of supercharge.

2003 Hamilton (Ont.) Spectator (Nexis) 25 June n1 The attachment causes a supercharge effect in the motor of the car, acting as a power booster.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

superchargev.

Brit.

/ˈsuːpətʃɑːdʒ/,

/ˈsjuːpətʃɑːdʒ/, U.S.

/ˈsupərˌtʃɑrdʒ/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: super- prefix, charge v.

Etymology: < super- prefix + charge v. In sense 1 after supercharge n.

1. transitive. To charge to a high or excessive degree; to saturate. Also figurative and in extended use. Cf. supercharged adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > subject to chemical reactions or processes [verb (transitive)] > subject to named chemical reaction or process > subject to saturation

sate1654

satiate1662

saturate1675

supercharge1846

the world > space > place > presence > fact of taking up space > take up (space or a place) [verb (transitive)] > fill > specifically in immaterial sense

fillOE

fulfila1300

replete1482

replenishc1529

stuff1531

install1577

charge1581

saturate1737

brim1844

supercharge1846

implete1862

earwig1880

infill1880

1846 Homeopathic Examiner 1 138 The acid seizing the small portion of alkali, and leaving beautiful globules of vital air which rise slowly towards the surface, diminishing as they ascend, super charging the acid.

1863 Newton's London Jrnl. Arts & Sci. 18 13 They are generally vaporized so rapidly as to supercharge the gas with their vapour.

1883 W. S. Hayward Colonel's Daughter xxii. 216 Flying into the room in her childish joy, Marcia supercharged it with the lively movements, almost the flutter of birds' wings.

1921 Amer. Druggist & Pharmaceut. Rec. Jan. 16 He said that by supercharging purified ether with the beneficial synergists—ethylene and carbon dioxide—he could produce a condition of analgesia, without loss of consciousness.

1968 ‘A. D'Arcangelo’ Homosexual Handbk. 115 The amyl nitrate does well to supercharge the proceedings once they've begun.

1991 Washington Post 30 Jan. a20/5 Researchers..are trying to supercharge the patients' white blood cells with a gene that produces tumor necrosis factor.

2008 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 18 Dec. 93/2 He doesn't supercharge the occasion by getting emotional about it; he just searches for the solution to the problem.

2. transitive. Engineering. To increase the pressure of the fuel–air mixture in (a cylinder or engine); to fit or design (an engine or vehicle) with a supercharger.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > operate internal-combustion engine [verb (transitive)] > increase pressure

supercharge1896

turbocharge1981

1896 D. Clerk Gas & Oil Engine (ed. 6) iii. ii. 460 Each cylinder is supercharged with air to a pressure of a few pounds above atmosphere.

1924 Glasgow Herald 6 May 4 The proposition of super-charging engines for sea-going and for road as well as for air service.

1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) VII. 208/2 Supercharging a two-cycle diesel engine requires some means of restricting or throttling the exhaust in order to build up cylinder pressure.

2001 AutoWeek 17 Dec. 4/4 DaimlerChrysler's internal debate over whether to supercharge or turbocharge the PT Cruiser is decided.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	supercharge
释义	superchargen. Brit. /ˈsuːpətʃɑːdʒ/, /ˈsjuːpətʃɑːdʒ/, U.S. /ˈsupərˌtʃɑrdʒ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: super- prefix, charge n. Etymology: < super- prefix + charge n. Compare post-classical Latin superchargium surcharge (13th cent. in a British source). Compare earlier overcharge n., surcharge n.² With sense 3 compare earlier supercharge v. 2. 1. Heraldry. (Usually as two words or hyphenated.) A charge borne upon another charge. Now rare.Chiefly in glossaries. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > charge: device on shield > [noun] > one charge surmounting another supercharge1722 1722 A. Nisbet Syst. Heraldry I. x. 46 If the Super-charge be comprehended within the Limits of the Fess, then it's said to be charged, or as we say commonly, on a Fess. 1777 ‘M. A. Porny’ Elements Heraldry (ed. 3) at word Super-charge... This is said of a figure borne on another bearing. 1847 H. Gough Gloss. Terms Brit. Heraldry 298 Super-charge: a charge which surmounts another, as the chevron in the arms of Dyxton. 1980 C. Hasler Royal Arms p. xi Anything..imposed upon another charge, [is] sometimes called a ‘super-charge’. 2. A cost or charge (charge n. II.**) over and above that which is expected or usual; an excessive charge, an overcharge. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > charges > [noun] > additional or excessive charge overprice1494 surcharge1601 overcharge1663 over-chargement1686 supercharge1738 upcharge1925 1738 Let. from Merchant to Member of Parl.* 48 As our Merchants must charge that Loss upon the Price of our own Manufactures..this Supercharge will very much injure the Sale of our home Manufactures. 1826 B. Disraeli in W. F. Monypenny & G. E. Buckle Life Disraeli (1910) I. vii. 95 I generally detect the aubergiste in a super-charge. 1950 Jrnl. Rom. Stud. 40 127 Over and above the regular taxes there were all kinds of supercharges, which varied bewilderingly. 1997 Hobart (Austral.) Mercury (Nexis) 10 May For the same service, consumers must now pay a network access charge, a service charge, and a super charge of 5% in addition. 3. Engineering. A fuel–air mixture of higher than atmospheric pressure in the cylinders of an internal combustion engine; the increase in pressure applied to this mixture by a supercharger. Cf. boost n.² 2. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > [noun] > charge of high pressure supercharge1911 1911 U.S. Patent 981,811 1/2 The other half of the air compression cylinder charge..is subsequently forced into the air already in the explosion cylinder, making a supercharge of air for explosion. 1948 Petroleum Handbk. (Shell Petroleum Co. Ltd.) (ed. 3) xxv. 356 The extra fuel has a certain cooling effect, and this permits an increase in boost (degree of supercharge). 1971 L. J. K. Setright Power to Fly v. 120 The immediate effect of the new fuel was to allow a greater degree of supercharge. 2003 Hamilton (Ont.) Spectator (Nexis) 25 June n1 The attachment causes a supercharge effect in the motor of the car, acting as a power booster. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). superchargev. Brit. /ˈsuːpətʃɑːdʒ/, /ˈsjuːpətʃɑːdʒ/, U.S. /ˈsupərˌtʃɑrdʒ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: super- prefix, charge v. Etymology: < super- prefix + charge v. In sense 1 after supercharge n. 1. transitive. To charge to a high or excessive degree; to saturate. Also figurative and in extended use. Cf. supercharged adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > subject to chemical reactions or processes [verb (transitive)] > subject to named chemical reaction or process > subject to saturation sate1654 satiate1662 saturate1675 supercharge1846 the world > space > place > presence > fact of taking up space > take up (space or a place) [verb (transitive)] > fill > specifically in immaterial sense fillOE fulfila1300 replete1482 replenishc1529 stuff1531 install1577 charge1581 saturate1737 brim1844 supercharge1846 implete1862 earwig1880 infill1880 1846 Homeopathic Examiner 1 138 The acid seizing the small portion of alkali, and leaving beautiful globules of vital air which rise slowly towards the surface, diminishing as they ascend, super charging the acid. 1863 Newton's London Jrnl. Arts & Sci. 18 13 They are generally vaporized so rapidly as to supercharge the gas with their vapour. 1883 W. S. Hayward Colonel's Daughter xxii. 216 Flying into the room in her childish joy, Marcia supercharged it with the lively movements, almost the flutter of birds' wings. 1921 Amer. Druggist & Pharmaceut. Rec. Jan. 16 He said that by supercharging purified ether with the beneficial synergists—ethylene and carbon dioxide—he could produce a condition of analgesia, without loss of consciousness. 1968 ‘A. D'Arcangelo’ Homosexual Handbk. 115 The amyl nitrate does well to supercharge the proceedings once they've begun. 1991 Washington Post 30 Jan. a20/5 Researchers..are trying to supercharge the patients' white blood cells with a gene that produces tumor necrosis factor. 2008 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 18 Dec. 93/2 He doesn't supercharge the occasion by getting emotional about it; he just searches for the solution to the problem. 2. transitive. Engineering. To increase the pressure of the fuel–air mixture in (a cylinder or engine); to fit or design (an engine or vehicle) with a supercharger. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > operate internal-combustion engine [verb (transitive)] > increase pressure supercharge1896 turbocharge1981 1896 D. Clerk Gas & Oil Engine (ed. 6) iii. ii. 460 Each cylinder is supercharged with air to a pressure of a few pounds above atmosphere. 1924 Glasgow Herald 6 May 4 The proposition of super-charging engines for sea-going and for road as well as for air service. 1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) VII. 208/2 Supercharging a two-cycle diesel engine requires some means of restricting or throttling the exhaust in order to build up cylinder pressure. 2001 AutoWeek 17 Dec. 4/4 DaimlerChrysler's internal debate over whether to supercharge or turbocharge the PT Cruiser is decided. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1722v.1846
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