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单词 superb
释义

superbadj.

Brit. /suːˈpəːb/, /sjuːˈpəːb/, /sᵿˈpəːb/, /sjᵿˈpəːb/, U.S. /suˈpərb/, /səˈpərb/
Forms: 1500s–1600s superbe, 1600s– superb; Scottish pre-1700 superbe, pre-1700 1700s– superb.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French superbe; Latin superbus.
Etymology: < (i) Middle French, French superbe proud, haughty, arrogant (c1200 in Old French; already in first half of the 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman as noun in sense ‘proud person’), magnificent (1559), splendid, excellent (1617), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin superbus proud, superior, distinguished, magnificent < super- super- prefix + the Indo-European base of classical Latin fuisse to have been (see be v.; the same ending is seen in classical Latin probus : see probity n.). Compare Catalan superb (1575), Spanish superbo (late 14th cent.; now rare, the usual Spanish word being soberbio: see below), Portuguese soberbo (15th cent.; 13th cent. as †soberbio), Italian superbo (second half of the 13th cent.).Spanish soberbio (beginning of the 14th cent.; a1252 as †superbio ) is an alteration of superbo (although this is first attested later) after soberbia pride, arrogance (first half of the 13th cent.; < classical Latin superbia : see superbious adj.). With sense 1c and Compounds, compare scientific Latin superbus, specific name (1764 or earlier in botany, 1773 or earlier in zoology).
1.
a. Of a building, monument, etc.: of noble proportions or appearance; magnificent, imposing.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beauty > splendour > [adjective] > magnificent > specifically of buildings
superbc1550
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) iii. 20 The kyng anchises lamentit the distructione of the superb troy.
1584 T. Hudson tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Hist. Judith v. sig. G Now growes weed & herbe, where sometime stood his palaces superbe.
1683 Britanniæ Speculum 111 Their humble Cottages he changed into fair Houses and stately Palaces, superb Porticoes, and sumptuous Baths.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 416 Behind the quire is the superb Chapell of Ferdinand I.
1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. II. 268 This superb obelisk was, by order of Sixtus V…removed.
1821 W. Scott Kenilworth III. xiii. 257 In this mood, the vindictive and ambitious Earl entered the superb precincts of the Pleasance.
1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest II. x. 508 The church itself..gradually gave way to the superb structure with which we are all familiar.
1937 Life 12 Apr. 62/2 (caption) These superb ruins looking down on Benito Mussolini..are not in Italy. They are in North Africa.
2000 M. Palmer & N. Palmer Spiritual Traveler 125 Wealthy and important pilgrims would probably have stayed overnight at the superb palace of the Bishop of Lincoln.
b. Of a person or thing: grandly and sumptuously equipped, arrayed, or decorated; splendid.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beauty > splendour > [adjective] > sumptuous
richc1275
costful1340
costious1340
costlewa1387
costlya1400
costy?c1430
sumptuous1458
opimec1540
dapatical1623
pollucible1623
opiparous1628
lautitious1648
opimous1656
superb1669
plushy1884
plush1890
Ritzian1908
1669 ‘Eleutherius’ tr. L. M. Du Bail Famous Chinois ii. 115 The next morning in a superb array marched the army out of Paquin to the place appointed.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1658 (1955) III. 224 Saw the superb Funerall of the Protectors.
1763 C. Churchill Ghost iv. 155 A superb and feather'd hearse, Bescutcheon'd and betagg'd with Verse.
1795 Gentleman's Mag. July 607/1 A superb watch, set with brilliants.
1816 Morning Post 9 Sept. A superb Gas Chandelier..has been erected in the Grand Staircase.
1895 B. M. Croker Village Tales (1896) 80 The great processional elephant..had a superb cloth-of-gold canopy.
1932 ‘E. M. Delafield’ Thank Heaven Fasting ii. iii. 44 Lady Marlowe, superb..in her low-cut green satin, with an emerald tiara.
1998 Daily Tel. 22 Oct. 16/4 Some of the most superb silver-gilt to be auctioned since the Second World War will be sold at Sotheby's.
c. attributive. In the names of plants and animals: having a beautiful or striking appearance.See also Compounds.
ΚΠ
1761 J. Hill Veg. Syst. II. ii. 163 (heading) Superb Eternal Flower..is a native of the Cape, a perennial, with a woody stem.
1783 J. Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds II. ii. 709 Superb Pheasant, Phasianus superbus.
1802 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. III. ii. 433 Superb Snake. Coluber Elegantissimus..appears to be a beautiful species, measuring about two feet in length.
1884 Girl's Own Paper 28 June 614/2 The superb menura, or lyre-bird.
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXV. 795/1 The death adder, the brown, the black, the superb, and the tiger snakes [of Australia].
1999 Guardian 15 Jan. (Friday Review section) 12/2 For more exotic species, like the Superb Starling in Las Transfiguration, he did resort to gramophone records.
2. Of a person: proud, haughty, arrogant. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > [adjective]
highOE
rankOE
proudOE
quaint?c1225
stoutc1315
proud-heartedc1400
gobbedc1440
pridyc1485
high-minded?1503
superb1561
proud-heart1591
tiptoe1593
sublime1596
high-headed1599
magnificent1603
side1673
vaunty1724
perked-up1754
spicy1768
jelly1828
Latin1914
1561 R. Norvell Meroure f. 34v Wicked Haman, superbe and glorious.
1654 E. Wolley tr. ‘G. de Scudéry’ Curia Politiæ 166 If they be too superb and haughty their pride is to be punished with severity.
a1697 J. Aubrey Brief Lives: W. Oughtred (1898) II. 111 Before he dyed he burned a world of papers, and sayd that the world was not worthy of them; he was so superb.
1746 H. McCullough Let. 17 Mar. in E. Ò. Ciardha Ireland & Jacobite Cause (2002) vi. 304 Our Irish are grown so superb on account of this war that they don't know what end of them is uppermost.
1770 T. Percy tr. P. H. Mallet Northern Antiq. I. p. liii The inaccessible and superb tyrants of Asia.
1855 F. L. Hawks Romance of Biogr. 179 The Duke of Austria..was too superb to engage in this humble occupation [of laying masonry].
3. Of immaterial things (as attributes, actions, language, etc.): grand, stately, majestic.Now rare or merged in sense 4.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > majesty, glory, or grandeur > [adjective]
higheOE
drightlikeOE
highlyOE
drightfula1225
prouda1275
principalc1385
solemna1387
gentlec1390
high and mighty1400
imperial?c1400
royalc1405
kinglyc1425
sublimatec1425
lordfulc1429
lordlyc1440
assumpt1447
raiseda1450
haught1470
kinglikec1485
lordlike1488
triumphant1494
greatlya1500
princely?a1510
supereminent1531
princelike1532
lofta1547
lofty1548
regal1561
supernal1562
haughty1563
excelse1569
queen-like?1571
majestical1578
erecteda1586
augustious1591
ennobled1592
imperious1592
enthronized1593
august1594
high-born1598
sublimed1602
jovial1604
majestic1606
enthroned1609
starred1615
exalted1623
majestuous1633
reared1638
sublimary1655
majestative1656
kingrik1663
superb1663
grand1673
celse1708
stilted1744
canonized1790
queenly1791
apotheosized1794
princified1857
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > ornateness > [adjective] > lofty or grandiloquent
magnificenta1460
statelya1525
magnifical1533
tragical1533
lofty1565
tragic1566
sublime1586
over-high1587
magnific1589
heroic1590
buskina1593
grandiloquous1593
full-mouthed1594
high-pitched1594
buskined1595
full-mouth1595
high-borne1596
altisonant1612
Roman1619
high-sounding1624
transcendent1631
magniloquent1640
loud1651
altiloquent1656
grandiloquent1656
largiloquent1656
altisonous1661
tall1670
elevate1673
grandisonous1674
sounding1683
exalted1684
grandisonant1684
grandific1727
magniloquous1727
orotund1799
superb1825
spread eagle1839
grandiose1840
magnisonanta1843
togated1868
elevated1875
mandarin1959
1663 H. Savage Dew of Hermon 26 So is this [University] empty of Students and riches, having nothing left to commend it besides the superbe name.
1740 C. Cibber Apol. Life C. Cibber v. 95 Mrs. Barry..had a Presence of elevated Dignity, her Mien and Motion superb.
1785 W. Cowper Tirocinium in Task 751 Or is thine house, though less superb thy rank, If not a scene of pleasure, a mere blank. View more context for this quotation
1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan I. 90 The superb language of Job.
a1834 S. T. Coleridge Notes & Lect. on Shakespeare (1875) 220 The lines, as epic narrative, are superb.
1851 J. Ruskin Stones of Venice I. vii. 79 A superb breadth of proportion.
1872 Daily News 12 Apr. 4/6 The superb theatricisms..of the elder Pitt.
1961 Times 2 Aug. 11/6 Its leading articles, and even its news coverage, will have a superb Victorian gravitas.
4. As a general term of enthusiasm, admiration, or emphatic approval: very fine, splendid, magnificent, excellent. Now the usual sense.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [adjective] > very excellent or first-rate
gildenc1225
prime1402
rare1483
grand1542
holy1599
pre-excelling1600
paregal1602
classic1604
of (the) first rate1650
solary1651
first rate1674
superb1720
tip-top1722
tip-top-gallant1730
swell1819
topping1822
of the first (also finest, best, etc.) water1826
No. 11829
brag1836
A11837
A No. 11838
number one1839
awful1843
bully1851
first class1852
class1867
champion1880
too1881
tipping1887
alpha plus1898
bonzer1898
grade A1911
gold star1917
world-ranking1921
five-star1936
too much1937
first line1938
vintage1939
supercolossal1947
top1953
alpha1958
fantabulous1959
beauty1963
supercool1965
world-class1967
primo1973
1720 W. Congreve Impossible Thing 12 Not all the Wiles that Hell could hatch Could conquer that Superb Mustach.
1753 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1861) III. 251 As to the Italian story, it is one of the finest things I ever read in my life; was ever a superb family better described!
1756 H. Walpole Corr. Aug. (1973) XXXV. 266 The Great Road as far as Stamford is superb... It is continued much farther, but is more rumbling.
1813 T. Moore Intercepted Lett. iii. 4 His pâtés superb—and his cutlets sublime!
1827 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey III. v. ix. 178 The dinner was sumptuous—the wines superb.
1872 H. I. Jenkinson Guide Eng. Lake District 176 During the descent there are superb views of a portion of the higher reach of Ullswater.
1910 G. B. Shaw in Nation 19 Mar. 969/2 To those of us who are neither deaf nor blind..she was a superb Elektra.
1968 Times 8 Apr. 16/4 (advt.) Treat them to a superb lunch..on board the Restaurant-ship Hispaniola.
1976 B. Donoughue Diary 16 Mar. in Downing St. Diary (2005) xxiv. 700 Heath was superb. But Thatcher got it wrong again.
2003 J. Mullaney We'll be Back 207 I downloaded the pictures from my digital camera... The quality is superb.

Compounds

In the names of beautiful or striking plants and animals, esp. Australian birds; cf. sense 1c.
superb bird of paradise n. a New Guinea bird of paradise, Lophorhina superba, the male of which is chiefly black with an iridescent blue-green breast shield and a black mantle or cape, both of which are erected and spread in a spectacular courtship display.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > [noun] > family Paradisaeidae (bird of paradise) > other types of
kingbird1704
superb bird of paradise?a1808
manucode1835
standardwing1859
?a1808 Universal Syst. Nat. Hist. IV. 418 (heading) The Superb Bird of Paradise.
1984 Condor 86 126/1 Of the 30 visits by other birds, four were by larger birds, the Rainbow Lory (Trichoglossus haematodus..) and Superb Bird of Paradise.
2008 J. Haffer Ornithol., Evol., & Philos. 55 The hunters brought two adult males of the Superb Bird of Paradise.
superb blue wren n. = superb fairy wren n.
ΚΠ
1908 Emu 8 17 I picked out from the pleasant babel of sound the notes of the..Noisy Miner, Superb Blue Wren (Malurus cyaneus), Laughing Jackass, [etc.].
1945 C. Barrett Austral. Bird Life 192 First of the fairy-wrens to be discovered was..the superb blue wren or superb warbler.
1999 A. Atkins in R. L. Kitching et al. Biol. of Austral. Butterflies v. 101 I have also observed the Superb Blue Wren (Malurus coronatus) capture a rapid-flying Trapezites symmomus.
superb fairy wren n. a small long-tailed songbird of south-east Australia, Malurus cyaneus (family Maluridae), the male of which has contrasting blue and blackish upperparts; also called superb blue wren, superb warbler.
ΚΠ
1984 A.N.U. Reporter (Canberra) 26 Oct. 5 A female superb Fairy-Wren had just commenced constructing her dome-shaped nest.
1993 Auk 110 588/1 We describe features of the reproductive anatomy of the Superb Fairy-Wren (Malurus cyaneus), a small Australian passerine.
2011 D. B. Lindenmayer What Makes Good Farm for Wildlife? iii. 60 (caption) Relationships between the occurrence of the Superb Fairy-wren in plantings and grazing.
superb lily n. (a) any of several lilies of the genus Gloriosa (formerly Methonica), native to tropical regions of the Old World; esp. G. superba, with a scrambling growth habit and flowers with long reflexed petals, typically orange or red and yellow (now rare); (b) (chiefly North American) the Turk's-cap lily of North America, Lilium superbum.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > lily and allied flowers > allied flowers
dog's tooth1578
daylily1597
mountain saffron1597
phalangium1608
Savoy spiderwort1629
hemerocallis1648
tuberose1664
St Bruno's lily1706
superb lily1731
agapanthus1789
Spanish squill1790
erythronium1797
Tritoma1804
Spanish harebell1808
veltheimia1808
adder's tongue1817
bunch flower1818
Puschkinia1820
hedychium1822
eremurus1836
flame lily1841
lily pink1848
mountain spiderwort1849
lloydia1850
kniphofia1854
garland-flower1866
red-hot poker1870
swamp-lover1878
African lily1882
flame-flower1882
Scarborough lily1882
wood-lily1882
St. Bernard lily1883
torch-lily1884
rajanigandha1885
ginger lily1892
chinkerinchee1904
snow lily1907
sand lily1909
avalanche lily1912
Spanish bluebell1924
mountain lily1932
chink1949
poker1975
1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Methonica There is but one Species of this Plant at present known, which is..Malabar Methonica, or The Superb Lily of Ceylon.
1806 B. M'Mahon Amer. Gardener's Cal. 534 The lilies called Martagons are..L. superbum, or Superb Lily, L. Martagon, or purple Martagon Lily, [etc.].
1855 W. Thompson Eng. Flower Garden 155 The Superb Lily, L. superbum, is a very beautiful species, producing a large number of blossoms of a fine orange-red, spotted with purplish-brown.
1915 Chem. Abstr. 9 2885 This plant [sc. Gloriosa superba]..is native to India and Ceylon and is also known as the ‘Superb Lily’.
2006 R. H. Mohlenbrock This Land 93 The superb lily is another species designated endangered by Illinois.
superb lyrebird n. a lyrebird of south-east Australia, Menura novaehollandiae, the male of which has a long lyre-shaped tail used in a spectacular courtship display, and a remarkable song that includes much mimicry.
ΚΠ
1874 Appleton's Jrnl. 17 Oct. 503/2 A superb lyre-bird arches its glistening neck, and curves its shining tail-feathers into the old, immortal harp-form.
1929 A. H. Chisholm Birds & Green Places 89 In the richly vegetated areas of the east coast of Australia..along the coast of New South Wales (the superb lyre-bird).
1997 G. Pizzey Field Guide to Birds of Austral. 536 Male Superb Lyrebirds display on low, circular mounds scratched clear of vegetation.
superb parrot n. a parrot of south-east Australia, Polytelis swainsonii, the male of which is chiefly green with a yellow face and throat and a red chest band; also called Barraband's parakeet, green leek.Formerly used also of other Australian parrots of the genus Polytelis.
ΚΠ
1869–73 T. R. Jones tr. A. E. Brehm Cassell's Bk. Birds I. 69 Among the Australian parrots the superb parrots (Polytelis) remind us most of those just described.
1917 Bulletin (Sydney) 7 June 24/4 Another rare parrot is the green leek, or superb parrot.
2006 Jrnl. Field Ornithol. 77 345/2 The Superb Parrot is endemic to the forests and woodlands of south-eastern Australia and is listed as endangered in Victoria.
superb warbler n. Australian (now chiefly historical) = superb fairy wren n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > family Muscicapidae (thrushes, etc.) > [noun] > subfamily Malurinae (wren-warbler) > genus Malurus
superb warbler1789
warbler1790
1789 A. Phillip Voy. Botany Bay 157 Superb Warbler.
1847 F. W. L. Leichhardt Jrnl. Overland Exped. Austral. iii. 80 We also observed the superb warbler, Malurus cyaneus of Sydney.
1926 Brisbane Courier 1 May 19/2 Our best known native wrens are the wonderful little ‘superb warblers’ of which the favourite of all is the blue-cap.
2001 P. Olsen Feather & Brush 28 Latham's earlier publication..had contained a few Australian species, such as the Superb Warbler collected on Cook's third voyage.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.c1550
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