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单词 subnormal
释义

subnormaln.

Brit. /ˌsʌbˈnɔːml/, U.S. /ˌsəbˈnɔrm(ə)l/
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: sub- prefix, normal n.
Etymology: < sub- prefix + normal n. In sense 1 after post-classical Latin subnormalis (1695 or earlier; short for linea subnormalis subnormal line). With sense 2 compare earlier subnormal adj.
1. Geometry. In Cartesian coordinates: the part of the x-axis lying between the two points where it is cut by the normal at a given point on a curve and by the perpendicular from that point to the x-axis. Cf. subtangent n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > geometry > geometric space > [noun] > division or marking of > axis > part of
absciss1692
abscissa1694
subtangent1702
subnormal1704
subsecant1734
1704 C. Hayes Treat. Fluxions iii. 20 Thus the Sub-normals of all sorts of Paraboliform Figures may be Investigated.
1762 J. Rowe Introd. Doctr. Fluxions (ed. 2) vi. 110 When the Subnormal is equal to the vertical Distance, or y = 0, the said vertical Distance will be Nothing.
1842 G. W. Francis Dict. Arts (at cited word) In all curves the subnormal is the third proportional to the subtangent and the ordinate.
1885 T. H. Eagles Constructive Geom. Plane Curves 62 The focus F is found by drawing the normal at any point D, bisecting the sub-normal NG and setting off AF = ½ NG.
1935 A. H. G. Palmer & K. S. Snell Mechanics ii. 21 Prove that the sub-normal of a velocity-distance graph gives the acceleration.
1986 C. K. Austin Site Carpentry (rev. ed.) iv. 39/2 The distance ‘Sn’ (subnormal) becomes a constant value in constructing any other normals to the curve.
2. Chiefly Education and Psychology. A person classified or regarded as subnormal (subnormal adj. 2); (with the) subnormal people considered collectively.Now no longer the preferred term, and increasingly offensive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > mental deficiency > [noun] > person
congeonc1285
idiota1400
foola1425
natural foolc1450
natural idiot1497
natural1533
changeling1577
weakling1577
mooncalf1586
slimslack1600
aufe1621
oaf1638
weak-wit1656
underwit1682
imbecile1830
ament1871
unfortunate1881
balmy1903
subnormal1905
deficient1906
retard1909
retardate1912
retarded1912
mopoke1946
retardee1956
mong1980
1905 Every Other Sunday 1 Jan. 66/2 The committee praised the teacher for her success with these sub-normals.
1920 L. S. Hollingworth Psychol. Subnormal Children viii. 146 Physical exercise will do for the mentally subnormal just what it will do for the mentally normal.
1956 J. F. Horner Summary of Scientol. 15 The children who get extra attention are the subnormals.
1975 N. O'Connor in B. H. Kirman & J. Bicknell Mental Handicap iv. 102 The generally slowed reaction time to both visual and auditory, simple and complex stimulus-response situations which characterizes all subnormals.
2009 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 4 June 44 The new Bill and Ben..appear to be inbred subnormals who enjoy each other's company for reasons quite apart from unintelligible conversation.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

subnormaladj.

Brit. /ˌsʌbˈnɔːml/, U.S. /ˈˌsəbˈnɔrməl/
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: sub- prefix, normal adj.
Etymology: < sub- prefix + normal adj. Compare subnormal n.
1. Lower than normal; less than or below normal.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > disorder > irregularity > unconformity > abnormality > [adjective] > beyond or below normal
supernormal1834
subnormal1843
transnormal1853
1843 E. Newman Syst. Nature (ed. 2) i. 12 It now becomes necessary to examine the remaining groups of placental animals, and if we consider Primates to be the normal group, I think we shall find it convenient to divide the remainder into three subnormal and three abnormal groups.
1847 W. S. Chipley & R. P. Hunt tr. F. Andry Man. Diagnosis Dis. Heart 101 I divide into six principal categories, the diverse sounds perceived by our ear when we auscult a heart. These sounds are normal, super-normal, sub-normal, modified, replaced, or accompanied.
1897 Month Sept. 329 All subnormal or supernormal phenomena of the soul.
1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 728 The temperature [in colic] is usually rather subnormal.
1936 N. Feather Introd. Nucl. Physics ix. 149 Hard γ rays are chiefly emitted from those atoms which have just previously ejected an electron of sub-normal energy.
1974 V. B. Mountcastle et al. Med. Physiol. (ed. 13) II. lx. 1416/2 Acidosis is an abnormal condition caused by the presence in the body of excessive amounts of acid or by reduction of the amount of alkali to a subnormal level.
2007 Independent 20 Feb. (Extra section) 12/3 The optician refused to be drawn on why my peripheral vision was subnormal.
2. Chiefly Education and Psychology. Of a person or group: classified or regarded as falling below a predetermined standard of normality as regards intelligence or general ability. Now no longer the preferred term, and increasingly offensive.educationally subnormal: see educationally adv. Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > psychology > developmental psychology > acquisition of knowledge > learning impairment > [adjective]
silly1568
retarded1895
subnormal1898
educationally subnormal1916
society > education > learning > learner > qualities of learners > [adjective] > educationally subnormal
educationally subnormal1916
subnormal1919
1898 F. Warner Study of Children (new ed.) p. vii I was enabled to examine individually 100,000 children upon a fixed plan, taking a written description on a schedule for each child in any one point subnormal, or reported by the teacher as dull or backward.
1919 H. Woodrow Brightness & Dullness in Children ii. 22 In 1904, the French Minister of Public Instruction made him [sc. Binet] a member of a commission appointed for the purpose of organizing classes for subnormal children.
1935 C. L. Burt Subnormal Mind ii. 77 In another 12 per cent. the parent, though not intellectually subnormal, was more or less unstable.
1940 A. O. Heck Educ. Exceptional Children xxiii. 342 Frequently, children are referred to as bright, average and subnormal.
1967 Punch 19 Apr. 557/1 Down below the plimsoll line of an IQ of fifty are the erstwhile imbeciles and idiots, now classed as SSN—severely subnormal.
1989 P. D. James Devices & Desires xiv. 93 Alex turned to her and spoke each word loudly and clearly as if she were a subnormal child.
2008 E. Herman Kinship by Design v. 171 Figuring normal children as adoptable and subnormal children as unadoptable was a staple of the era's eugenic ideology.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1704adj.1843
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