studdlen.

Brit.

/ˈstʌdl/, U.S.

/ˈstəd(ə)l/

Forms: early Old English stodl, late Old English stodlan (inflected form), Middle English stodel, Middle English stodell, Middle English stodul, Middle English stoidel, Middle English stothel, Middle English stotheles (plural), Middle English stotholtes (plural, perhaps transmission error), Middle English stoydel, Middle English studdul, Middle English studdyll, 1500s stodyll, 1500s studill, 1500s studle, 1600s– studdle, 1900s– stuttle (Newfoundland); English regional (Cornwall) 1800s stiddle, 1800s stitle, 1800s stoodle.

Origin: Probably a word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Probably cognate with Old Saxon -stuthli (in tandstuthli row of teeth), Old High German -stuodal (in turistuodal , turistudil doorpost, manastuodal forearm, ell; Middle High German studel , stuodel base, post, prop, (also) part of a loom, perhaps the foot), Old Icelandic stuðill stud, prop, stay (Icelandic stuðull ) < a suffixed form (compare -le suffix) of the Germanic base of stud n.¹In Old English a strong noun (stodl ) of uncertain gender, perhaps neuter; a weak by-form (inflected stodlan ), also of uncertain gender, is attested in sense 1b. The stem vowel in the Old English word is usually assumed to be short o (the reflex of Germanic u ), although this has been disputed. The German cognate at least partly shows the reflex of a long vowel and has sometimes alternatively been derived from the Germanic base of stand v. Perhaps derivatives from two different Germanic bases have partly merged. Compare staddle n. ( < the Germanic base of stand v., with different ablaut grade), with which there is also some semantic overlap. Compare also Orkney Scots studdle small frame on which a fishing line is made up, (also) small child (1929), showing an independent reborrowing < the unattested Norn cognate of Old Icelandic stuðill (see above).

a. A post, a stake. In later use (English regional (Cornwall)): spec. a post to which an animal is tethered.Recorded earliest in the Old English compound durstodl doorpost (cf. door n.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > that which supports > a vertical support, post, or stake

stakec893

studeOE

studdleeOE

stealc1000

stockc1000

postOE

stander1325

pillar1360

stilpc1380

bantelc1400

puncheon1423

stanchion1433

standard1439

side tree1451

stancher1488

stanchel1586

stipit1592

shore1601

trunch1622

arrectary1628

staddle1633

standing1800

mill-post1890

eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in J. J. Quinn Minor Lat.-Old Eng. Glossaries in MS Cotton Cleopatra A.III (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1956) 62 Postes, durstodl.

1294–6 Naval Acct. in B. Sandahl Middle Eng. Sea Terms (1951) I. 104 (MED) In grosso Meremio empto videlicet vno Cule trab' Curu'..et Minore Meremio empto videlicet Stotheles, Wrang', et alijs necessarijs internis, viij li. vij s. viij d.

1368 Ely Sacrist Roll in J. H. Parker Gloss. Terms Archit. (ed. 5) I. 449 In 60 arboribus quercinis empt' pro stoydels et tignis, 25s.

1422–7 in B. Sandahl Middle Eng. Sea Terms (1951) I. 104 (MED) In c peciis maeremij pro wronges et stodel precium pecie iiij d., xxxiij s. iiij d.

a1472 in J. J. Wilkinson Receipts & Expenses Bodmin Church (1875) 21 (MED) For nayles for the knottis and to stodel and to the goter, xxij d. Y paide to Amys Codan for stodel, viij d.

1880 M. A. Courtney W. Cornwall Words in M. A. Courtney & T. Q. Couch Gloss. Words Cornwall 55/2 Stiddle, Stoodle, the upright pole to which an ox is tied in a stall.

1967 H. Orton & M. F. Wakelin Surv. Eng. Dial. IV. i. 92 Q[uestion]. What do you call this, for tethering? [Cornwall] Studdle.

b. Weaving. One of the upright posts of a loom; (hence in plural) the frame of a loom. Now archaic and rare.The sense of the word in early use is not entirely certain, and it has been suggested that in quot. lOE it may alternatively denote a slay (slay n.¹) (taking the form as accusative singular rather than plural); this also appears to be the sense in quot. 1530.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > weaving > loom > other parts

studdlelOE

staff1338

trendle14..

trindle1483

cylinder?a1560

harness1572

mail1731

mounture1731

leaf1807

march1807

dropbox1823

neck-twine1827

mounting1835

shaft1839

Jack1848

selvage-protector1863

serpent1878

take-up motiona1884

swell1894

lOE Laws: Gerefa (Corpus Cambr.) xv. §1. 455 He sceal..fela andlomena to husan habban..& fela towtola: flexlinan, spinle, reol, gearnwindan, stodlan, lorgas.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 476 Stodul, or stedulle, of wevynge, telarium.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement iii. f. lxvii^v Stodyll, a toole for a weuer, lame de tisserant.

1562 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories Archdeaconry Richmond (1853) 156 A pece of clothe in studles, xiiij s.

1562 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories Archdeaconry Richmond (1853) 156 A pare of studles.

1615 R. Brathwait Strappado 193 One to the studdles goes, the next begins To rauell for new wefte.

1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words II Studdles, weavers' implements. Westm.

2012 Iowa Rev. 42 174 Arachne felt the sizzle of something supernatural and she looked at the loom and it made sense—the warp and weft, the heddle, cords, the beams and studdles.

c. Mining. A vertical prop or support in a mine shaft, esp. each of those supporting the corners of a set (set n.² 12b) against the ground. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > prop or support

crown tree1449

punch1462

prop1613

slider1653

sole1653

yoking1653

stow-blade1681

pit-bar1708

fork1747

head tree1747

studdle1758

lock piece1778

pit-prop1794

puncheon1815

stow-fork1824

plank tubbing1839

sprag1841

gib1847

chock1853

Tom1858

bratticing1866

pack1867

breastboard1877

brattice1881

wall-plate1881

strap1883

stretcher1883

1758 W. Borlase Nat. Hist. Cornwall v. 57 In Herland mine..the noise was heard fifty-five and sixty fathom deep, as if a studdle had broke, and the deads were set a running.

1874 J. H. Collins Princ. Metal Mining (1875) vi. 38 Sometimes short corner pieces called ‘studdles’ are placed upright to keep the sets their proper distance apart.

1914 Mining Press 31 Oct. 690/1 These studdles were cut so that the distance between the sets was 3 ft. 11 in.

1939 J. R. Guiteras Fireproofing Mine Shafts U.S. Bureau Mines Information Circular No. 7075 4 The Ahmeek Mining Co., Calumet, Mich., used..a 1:2:4 mixture for studdles in an 80° inclined shaft.

†2. A mark or impression left by something; = staddle n. 6. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > marking > a mark > trace or vestige > [noun]

signa1382

stepa1382

ficchingc1384

marka1400

tracesc1400

scentc1422

footstep?a1425

tidinga1440

relicc1475

smell?a1505

stead1513

vestigy1545

print1548

token1555

remnant1560

show1561

mention1564

signification1576

footing?1580

tract1583

remainder1585

vestige1602

wrack1602

engravement1604

footstepping1610

resent1610

ghost1613

impression1613

remark1624

footprint1625

studdle1635

vestigium1644

relict1646

perception1650

vestigiary1651

track1657

symptom1722

signacle1768

ray1773

vestigia1789

footmark1800

souvenir1844

latent1920

1635 L. Foxe North-west Fox sig. Cc2^v We found, the broad footing of Deere, and hard by them, the frame of a Tent standing, which had lately been made, with the studdle of a fire, the haire of Deere, and bones of fowle, left heere.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

studdlev.

Brit.

/ˈstʌdl/, U.S.

/ˈstəd(ə)l/

Origin: Apparently formed within English, by derivation. Etymon: -le suffix.

Etymology: Apparently a frequentative formation in -le suffix, although the origin of the first element is unknown. Perhaps compare stir v., muddle v. 3.

English regional (southern) and U.S. regional (Martha's Vineyard). Now rare.

transitive. To make (water or some other liquid) turbid or muddy by stirring up sediment; to stir up, to roil.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > agitate [verb (transitive)] > stir > cause to rise by stirring > a liquid

studdle1852

1852 C. Kingsley Lett. (1877) I. 345 Some rascal's been ‘studdling’ the water.

1893 G. E. Dartnell & E. H. Goddard Gloss. Words Wilts. Studdle, to stir up water so as to make it thick and muddy.

1918 Dialect Notes 5 16 [Chilmark, Martha's Vineyard] Studdle, to stir up, to roil. (After upsetting coffee-pot): ‘Well, I guess that coffee's a little studdled now.’

Derivatives

ˈstuddled adj.

ΚΠ

1918 Dialect Notes 5 16 [Chilmark, Martha's Vineyard] ‘Well, I guess that coffee's a little studdled now.’

1972 W. Labov in L. M. Davis Stud. in Linguistics in Honor of R. I. McDavid, Jr. 100 Studdled or studdly meaning ‘dirty [water]’ is the prize exhibit of a Vineyard word collector... I have recorded ‘studdled’ in seven cases in Chilmark, and ‘studdly’..as the form used in Gay Head.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	studdle
释义	studdlen. Brit. /ˈstʌdl/, U.S. /ˈstəd(ə)l/ Forms: early Old English stodl, late Old English stodlan (inflected form), Middle English stodel, Middle English stodell, Middle English stodul, Middle English stoidel, Middle English stothel, Middle English stotheles (plural), Middle English stotholtes (plural, perhaps transmission error), Middle English stoydel, Middle English studdul, Middle English studdyll, 1500s stodyll, 1500s studill, 1500s studle, 1600s– studdle, 1900s– stuttle (Newfoundland); English regional (Cornwall) 1800s stiddle, 1800s stitle, 1800s stoodle. Origin: Probably a word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Probably cognate with Old Saxon -stuthli (in tandstuthli row of teeth), Old High German -stuodal (in turistuodal , turistudil doorpost, manastuodal forearm, ell; Middle High German studel , stuodel base, post, prop, (also) part of a loom, perhaps the foot), Old Icelandic stuðill stud, prop, stay (Icelandic stuðull ) < a suffixed form (compare -le suffix) of the Germanic base of stud n.¹In Old English a strong noun (stodl ) of uncertain gender, perhaps neuter; a weak by-form (inflected stodlan ), also of uncertain gender, is attested in sense 1b. The stem vowel in the Old English word is usually assumed to be short o (the reflex of Germanic u ), although this has been disputed. The German cognate at least partly shows the reflex of a long vowel and has sometimes alternatively been derived from the Germanic base of stand v. Perhaps derivatives from two different Germanic bases have partly merged. Compare staddle n. ( < the Germanic base of stand v., with different ablaut grade), with which there is also some semantic overlap. Compare also Orkney Scots studdle small frame on which a fishing line is made up, (also) small child (1929), showing an independent reborrowing < the unattested Norn cognate of Old Icelandic stuðill (see above). 1. a. A post, a stake. In later use (English regional (Cornwall)): spec. a post to which an animal is tethered.Recorded earliest in the Old English compound durstodl doorpost (cf. door n.). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > that which supports > a vertical support, post, or stake stakec893 studeOE studdleeOE stealc1000 stockc1000 postOE stander1325 pillar1360 stilpc1380 bantelc1400 puncheon1423 stanchion1433 standard1439 side tree1451 stancher1488 stanchel1586 stipit1592 shore1601 trunch1622 arrectary1628 staddle1633 standing1800 mill-post1890 eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in J. J. Quinn Minor Lat.-Old Eng. Glossaries in MS Cotton Cleopatra A.III (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1956) 62 Postes, durstodl. 1294–6 Naval Acct. in B. Sandahl Middle Eng. Sea Terms (1951) I. 104 (MED) In grosso Meremio empto videlicet vno Cule trab' Curu'..et Minore Meremio empto videlicet Stotheles, Wrang', et alijs necessarijs internis, viij li. vij s. viij d. 1368 Ely Sacrist Roll in J. H. Parker Gloss. Terms Archit. (ed. 5) I. 449 In 60 arboribus quercinis empt' pro stoydels et tignis, 25s. 1422–7 in B. Sandahl Middle Eng. Sea Terms (1951) I. 104 (MED) In c peciis maeremij pro wronges et stodel precium pecie iiij d., xxxiij s. iiij d. a1472 in J. J. Wilkinson Receipts & Expenses Bodmin Church (1875) 21 (MED) For nayles for the knottis and to stodel and to the goter, xxij d. Y paide to Amys Codan for stodel, viij d. 1880 M. A. Courtney W. Cornwall Words in M. A. Courtney & T. Q. Couch Gloss. Words Cornwall 55/2 Stiddle, Stoodle, the upright pole to which an ox is tied in a stall. 1967 H. Orton & M. F. Wakelin Surv. Eng. Dial. IV. i. 92 Q[uestion]. What do you call this, for tethering? [Cornwall] Studdle. b. Weaving. One of the upright posts of a loom; (hence in plural) the frame of a loom. Now archaic and rare.The sense of the word in early use is not entirely certain, and it has been suggested that in quot. lOE it may alternatively denote a slay (slay n.¹) (taking the form as accusative singular rather than plural); this also appears to be the sense in quot. 1530. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > weaving > loom > other parts studdlelOE staff1338 trendle14.. trindle1483 cylinder?a1560 harness1572 mail1731 mounture1731 leaf1807 march1807 dropbox1823 neck-twine1827 mounting1835 shaft1839 Jack1848 selvage-protector1863 serpent1878 take-up motiona1884 swell1894 lOE Laws: Gerefa (Corpus Cambr.) xv. §1. 455 He sceal..fela andlomena to husan habban..& fela towtola: flexlinan, spinle, reol, gearnwindan, stodlan, lorgas. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 476 Stodul, or stedulle, of wevynge, telarium. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement iii. f. lxvii^v Stodyll, a toole for a weuer, lame de tisserant. 1562 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories Archdeaconry Richmond (1853) 156 A pece of clothe in studles, xiiij s. 1562 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories Archdeaconry Richmond (1853) 156 A pare of studles. 1615 R. Brathwait Strappado 193 One to the studdles goes, the next begins To rauell for new wefte. 1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words II Studdles, weavers' implements. Westm. 2012 Iowa Rev. 42 174 Arachne felt the sizzle of something supernatural and she looked at the loom and it made sense—the warp and weft, the heddle, cords, the beams and studdles. c. Mining. A vertical prop or support in a mine shaft, esp. each of those supporting the corners of a set (set n.² 12b) against the ground. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > prop or support crown tree1449 punch1462 prop1613 slider1653 sole1653 yoking1653 stow-blade1681 pit-bar1708 fork1747 head tree1747 studdle1758 lock piece1778 pit-prop1794 puncheon1815 stow-fork1824 plank tubbing1839 sprag1841 gib1847 chock1853 Tom1858 bratticing1866 pack1867 breastboard1877 brattice1881 wall-plate1881 strap1883 stretcher1883 1758 W. Borlase Nat. Hist. Cornwall v. 57 In Herland mine..the noise was heard fifty-five and sixty fathom deep, as if a studdle had broke, and the deads were set a running. 1874 J. H. Collins Princ. Metal Mining (1875) vi. 38 Sometimes short corner pieces called ‘studdles’ are placed upright to keep the sets their proper distance apart. 1914 Mining Press 31 Oct. 690/1 These studdles were cut so that the distance between the sets was 3 ft. 11 in. 1939 J. R. Guiteras Fireproofing Mine Shafts U.S. Bureau Mines Information Circular No. 7075 4 The Ahmeek Mining Co., Calumet, Mich., used..a 1:2:4 mixture for studdles in an 80° inclined shaft. †2. A mark or impression left by something; = staddle n. 6. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > marking > a mark > trace or vestige > [noun] signa1382 stepa1382 ficchingc1384 marka1400 tracesc1400 scentc1422 footstep?a1425 tidinga1440 relicc1475 smell?a1505 stead1513 vestigy1545 print1548 token1555 remnant1560 show1561 mention1564 signification1576 footing?1580 tract1583 remainder1585 vestige1602 wrack1602 engravement1604 footstepping1610 resent1610 ghost1613 impression1613 remark1624 footprint1625 studdle1635 vestigium1644 relict1646 perception1650 vestigiary1651 track1657 symptom1722 signacle1768 ray1773 vestigia1789 footmark1800 souvenir1844 latent1920 1635 L. Foxe North-west Fox sig. Cc2^v We found, the broad footing of Deere, and hard by them, the frame of a Tent standing, which had lately been made, with the studdle of a fire, the haire of Deere, and bones of fowle, left heere. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). studdlev. Brit. /ˈstʌdl/, U.S. /ˈstəd(ə)l/ Origin: Apparently formed within English, by derivation. Etymon: -le suffix. Etymology: Apparently a frequentative formation in -le suffix, although the origin of the first element is unknown. Perhaps compare stir v., muddle v. 3. English regional (southern) and U.S. regional (Martha's Vineyard). Now rare. transitive. To make (water or some other liquid) turbid or muddy by stirring up sediment; to stir up, to roil. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > agitate [verb (transitive)] > stir > cause to rise by stirring > a liquid studdle1852 1852 C. Kingsley Lett. (1877) I. 345 Some rascal's been ‘studdling’ the water. 1893 G. E. Dartnell & E. H. Goddard Gloss. Words Wilts. Studdle, to stir up water so as to make it thick and muddy. 1918 Dialect Notes 5 16 [Chilmark, Martha's Vineyard] Studdle, to stir up, to roil. (After upsetting coffee-pot): ‘Well, I guess that coffee's a little studdled now.’ Derivatives ˈstuddled adj. ΚΠ 1918 Dialect Notes 5 16 [Chilmark, Martha's Vineyard] ‘Well, I guess that coffee's a little studdled now.’ 1972 W. Labov in L. M. Davis Stud. in Linguistics in Honor of R. I. McDavid, Jr. 100 Studdled or studdly meaning ‘dirty [water]’ is the prize exhibit of a Vineyard word collector... I have recorded ‘studdled’ in seven cases in Chilmark, and ‘studdly’..as the form used in Gay Head. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.eOEv.1852
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