studdingsailn.

Brit.

/ˈstʌdɪŋseɪl/,

/ˈstʌnsl/, U.S.

/ˈstədɪŋˌseɪl/,

/ˈstən(t)səl/

Forms:

α. 1500s stoytenesale (Scottish), 1600s studdingsayl, 1600s studingsaile, 1600s studinsayl, 1600s stuttingsail, 1600s– studdingsail.

β. 1800s stud'nsail, 1800s stud'nsel.

See stunsail n.

Origin: Apparently formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: steding n., sail n.¹

Etymology: Apparently < steding n. (compare the γ. forms at steding n.) + sail n.¹The studdingsail originated in additional sails rigged from the end of the sail yard on ropes that were already in place. Compare the semantic development shown by Anglo-Norman and Old French (Normandy) estuinc , Old French (Normandy) estoinc kind of brace (i.e. a rope: brace n.³), Middle French estouyn kind of additional sail rigged from the end of the sail yard, French regional (Normandy) †estouine bonnet (bonnet n. 7), studdingsail (18th cent.), (Jersey) êtouinne studdingsail (compare French bonnette à étui studdingsail) < early Scandinavian (compare Old Norwegian stœðingr kind of brace: see steding n.). It is possible that the first element (especially in the earliest recorded form Older Scots stoytenesale) was influenced by Dutch stotinge act of pushing or thrusting, also used with reference to the action of the wind (Middle Dutch stōtinge , also as stoddinge gust of wind) < stōten to push, thrust, collide (see stut v.¹) + -inge -ing suffix¹ (compare Middle Low German stōtinge ). However this is not attested in combinations referring to sails or rigging, and the usual Dutch word for a studdingsail is lijzeil (17th cent.). Variant forms. A reduced pronunciation (common in nautical language) is reflected by the β. forms and also by stunsail n. Compare also scuddingsail , which is attested from the mid 18th cent. and apparently shows a folk-etymological alteration of this word after scudding n.¹, on account of the sails' use to increase speed.

Nautical. Now chiefly historical.

On a square-rigged ship: an additional sail set at the end of a yard to increase the ship's speed in a fair wind; = stunsail n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > sail > [noun] > studding sail

studdingsailc1550

steering sail1669

stunsail1762

stud-sail1780

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 33 The galliasse pat furtht hir stoytene salis.

a1618 W. Raleigh Disc. Invention Shipping 16 in Judicious & Select Ess. (1650) To the courses we have devised studding Sayles, Top gallant Sayles.

1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. vii. 31 There is also..in a faire gaile your studding sailes, which are bolts of Canuasse..wee extend alongst the side of the maine saile, and boomes it out with a boome or long pole.

1661 Valuation Swallow Ketch 6 May in State Papers Charles II (P.R.O.: SP 29/35) f. 15 2 studin sayles ould.

1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant ii. 2 Being fair before the Wind, so that no Sails but the Main and Main-Top-Sails could bear, we put out our Stutting Sails.

1707 W. Funnell Voy. round World viii. 224 We now made us studding Sails out of our Main-sail and Main-top-sail.

1784 J. King Cook's Voy. Pacific III. vi. viii. 392 At two, we set studding-sails, and steered West; but the wind increasing to a gale, soon obliged us to double reef the topsails.

1836 F. Marryat Mr. Midshipman Easy III. vii. 141 The Aurora was under weigh with studding sails below and aloft, standing out of the roads.

c1860 H. Stuart Novices or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 20 When are studdingsails used? In fair and free winds.

1916 Munsey's Mag. July 266/1 She..hurriedly sent studdingsails aloft.

1960 D. Pope Decision at Trafalgar xix. 231 Rotheram gave the orders to rig out and hoist away the studding-sails.

2013 Knot Bible 52/1 A modern yacht has little use for studding sails nowadays—even in the age of sail they were something of an optional extra.

Compounds

General attributive, as studdingsail boom, studdingsail yard, etc.

ΚΠ

1673 G. Legge Jrnl. 31 May in R. C. Anderson Jrnls. & Narr. Third Dutch War (1946) (modernized text) 302 I ordered my Carpenter to make her a foremast and foretopmast of my studding sail booms.

1743 J. Bulkeley & J. Cummins Voy. to South-seas 10 Got up a lower Studding-Sail-Boom of 40 Feet, & hoisted a Sail to keep the Ship to.

1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple II. ix. 149 He sent the topman down into the top for a tail block and the studding-sail haulyards, made a whip, and lowered me on deck.

1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast i. 7 The next day we were employed in preparations for sea, reeving studding-sail gear, crossing royal yards.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Studding-sail Yard, the spar to which the head of the studding-sail is extended.

1977 P. O'Brian Mauritius Command iv. 109 A studdingsail-boom, and some blocks came hurtling down into the splinter-netting over the quarterdeck.

2013 Knot Bible 52/3 The topsail halyard bend..is the same knot as the studding sail bend, with the addition of an extra turn.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	studdingsail
释义	studdingsailn. Brit. /ˈstʌdɪŋseɪl/, /ˈstʌnsl/, U.S. /ˈstədɪŋˌseɪl/, /ˈstən(t)səl/ Forms: α. 1500s stoytenesale (Scottish), 1600s studdingsayl, 1600s studingsaile, 1600s studinsayl, 1600s stuttingsail, 1600s– studdingsail. β. 1800s stud'nsail, 1800s stud'nsel. See stunsail n. Origin: Apparently formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: steding n., sail n.¹ Etymology: Apparently < steding n. (compare the γ. forms at steding n.) + sail n.¹The studdingsail originated in additional sails rigged from the end of the sail yard on ropes that were already in place. Compare the semantic development shown by Anglo-Norman and Old French (Normandy) estuinc , Old French (Normandy) estoinc kind of brace (i.e. a rope: brace n.³), Middle French estouyn kind of additional sail rigged from the end of the sail yard, French regional (Normandy) †estouine bonnet (bonnet n. 7), studdingsail (18th cent.), (Jersey) êtouinne studdingsail (compare French bonnette à étui studdingsail) < early Scandinavian (compare Old Norwegian stœðingr kind of brace: see steding n.). It is possible that the first element (especially in the earliest recorded form Older Scots stoytenesale) was influenced by Dutch stotinge act of pushing or thrusting, also used with reference to the action of the wind (Middle Dutch stōtinge , also as stoddinge gust of wind) < stōten to push, thrust, collide (see stut v.¹) + -inge -ing suffix¹ (compare Middle Low German stōtinge ). However this is not attested in combinations referring to sails or rigging, and the usual Dutch word for a studdingsail is lijzeil (17th cent.). Variant forms. A reduced pronunciation (common in nautical language) is reflected by the β. forms and also by stunsail n. Compare also scuddingsail , which is attested from the mid 18th cent. and apparently shows a folk-etymological alteration of this word after scudding n.¹, on account of the sails' use to increase speed. Nautical. Now chiefly historical. On a square-rigged ship: an additional sail set at the end of a yard to increase the ship's speed in a fair wind; = stunsail n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > sail > [noun] > studding sail studdingsailc1550 steering sail1669 stunsail1762 stud-sail1780 c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 33 The galliasse pat furtht hir stoytene salis. a1618 W. Raleigh Disc. Invention Shipping 16 in Judicious & Select Ess. (1650) To the courses we have devised studding Sayles, Top gallant Sayles. 1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. vii. 31 There is also..in a faire gaile your studding sailes, which are bolts of Canuasse..wee extend alongst the side of the maine saile, and boomes it out with a boome or long pole. 1661 Valuation Swallow Ketch 6 May in State Papers Charles II (P.R.O.: SP 29/35) f. 15 2 studin sayles ould. 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant ii. 2 Being fair before the Wind, so that no Sails but the Main and Main-Top-Sails could bear, we put out our Stutting Sails. 1707 W. Funnell Voy. round World viii. 224 We now made us studding Sails out of our Main-sail and Main-top-sail. 1784 J. King Cook's Voy. Pacific III. vi. viii. 392 At two, we set studding-sails, and steered West; but the wind increasing to a gale, soon obliged us to double reef the topsails. 1836 F. Marryat Mr. Midshipman Easy III. vii. 141 The Aurora was under weigh with studding sails below and aloft, standing out of the roads. c1860 H. Stuart Novices or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 20 When are studdingsails used? In fair and free winds. 1916 Munsey's Mag. July 266/1 She..hurriedly sent studdingsails aloft. 1960 D. Pope Decision at Trafalgar xix. 231 Rotheram gave the orders to rig out and hoist away the studding-sails. 2013 Knot Bible 52/1 A modern yacht has little use for studding sails nowadays—even in the age of sail they were something of an optional extra. Compounds General attributive, as studdingsail boom, studdingsail yard, etc. ΚΠ 1673 G. Legge Jrnl. 31 May in R. C. Anderson Jrnls. & Narr. Third Dutch War (1946) (modernized text) 302 I ordered my Carpenter to make her a foremast and foretopmast of my studding sail booms. 1743 J. Bulkeley & J. Cummins Voy. to South-seas 10 Got up a lower Studding-Sail-Boom of 40 Feet, & hoisted a Sail to keep the Ship to. 1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple II. ix. 149 He sent the topman down into the top for a tail block and the studding-sail haulyards, made a whip, and lowered me on deck. 1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast i. 7 The next day we were employed in preparations for sea, reeving studding-sail gear, crossing royal yards. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Studding-sail Yard, the spar to which the head of the studding-sail is extended. 1977 P. O'Brian Mauritius Command iv. 109 A studdingsail-boom, and some blocks came hurtling down into the splinter-netting over the quarterdeck. 2013 Knot Bible 52/3 The topsail halyard bend..is the same knot as the studding sail bend, with the addition of an extra turn. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1550
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