subalternn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈsʌblt(ə)n/, U.S.

/səˈbɔltərn/,

/səˈbɑltərn/

Forms: late Middle English–1600s subalterne, 1600s– subaltern.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin subalternus.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin subalternus (in logic) subordinate (4th cent.), designating a genus which is itself a species of a higher genus (1512 or earlier), designating a species which is also a genus (1523 or earlier), (with reference to rank) subordinate (from 12th cent. in British and continental sources) < classical Latin sub- sub- prefix + alternus altern adj. Compare Middle French, French subalterne subordinate, lower in a hierarchy (c1430; 1466 as noun), Spanish subalterno (13th cent.), Italian subalterno (late 15th cent.). With use as adjective compare earlier subalternate adj., subalternal adj.Variation in the position of the main stress has been recorded since at least the 18th cent. The present pattern, of stress normally on the first syllable in British use, and stress normally on the second syllable in U.S. use, is found from at least the late 19th cent.

A. n.

1. Logic.

a. Either of a pair of propositions consisting of a universal proposition and a particular proposition having the same subject and predicate and being of the same quality (i.e. affirmative or negative); spec. the particular proposition of such a pair. Cf. subalternant n., subalternate n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > universal proposition > subsidiary proposition

subalternc1475

particulara1500

lemma1570

hypothesis1596

subalternate1651

under-proposition1691

c1475 Court of Sapience (Trin. Cambr.) (1927) l. 1861 (MED) Dame Dialetica..Whyche subalterne, whyche contradiccion, Whyche ys contrary, taught she by reason.

1671 J. Newton Introd. Art Logick xxii. 78 Amabimus, and Edentuli are subcontraries. Purpurea and Edentuli are contradictories; and so are Iliace and Amabimus; Purpurea and Amabimus are subalterns.

1685 tr. P. Nicole & A. Arnauld Logic ii. ii. 169 If they differ in Quantity only, and agree in Quality, as A.I. and E.O. they are call'd Subalterns.

1737 B. Martin Bibliotheca Technologica 214 A I and E O are call'd Subalterns: Wherein (I.) if A or E be true, I or O will be true also, but not the contrary.

1750 J. Wesley Compend. Logick i. ii. 10 Subalterns are sometimes both true, sometimes both false; sometimes one true, the other false.

1816 Elements of Logic ii. iii. 47 Propositions which differ only in quantity are called subalterns.

1870 W. S. Jevons Elem. Lessons Logic ix. 78 Of subalterns, the particular is true if the universal be true.

1917 R. W. Sellars Essent. Logic ix. 101 When the contrary universal is true, both subalterns are false.

1921 W. Poland Laws of Thought (rev. ed.) 44 The particular is implied in the universal. It is a subaltern of the universal.

1991 W. T. Parry & E. A. Hacker Aristotelian Logic ii. viii. 158 Superalternation of opposites (or subaltern opposition) is the relation of a subaltern to its superaltern.

b. A genus which is itself a species of a higher genus (see genus n. 1). Cf. species n. 7a. Now rare.All genera are subalterns with the exception of the highest or summum genus, and every species is a subaltern unless it is an infima species. See summum genus n., infima species n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > universal proposition > subsidiary proposition > genus of

subalterna1620

a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) ii. iii. §3. 219 The subalternes, are both, in their diuers relations; Genera, to their inferiors; and Species, to their superiors.

1750 J. Wesley Compend. Logick i. i. 6 A Genus is either the Highest, or a Subaltern: A Species is either a Subaltern, or the Lowest.

1796 J. Collard Essent. of Logic ii. ii. 39 All the intermediate genera, between the highest genus, and the lowest species, are distinguished by the name of subalterns.

1856 R. G. Latham Logic in its Applic. to Lang. 174 It is convenient to denote the approach of a subaltern to a summum genus by the word generic.

1899 J. H. Hyslop Logic & Argument iii. 36 All intermediate terms between these extremes are sometimes called subalterns, as being either genera or species, according to the relation in which they are viewed.

1900 Methodist Rev. July 572 Finally we arrive at the highest order, the summum genus, which includes all subalterns classified under one attribute.

1979 K. Gyekye tr. Ibn al-Ṭayyib in Arabic Logic 63 The first two descriptions, however, pertain to every species whether an infima or a subaltern.

a. A person or (occasionally) thing of inferior rank or status; a subordinate. Now chiefly in critical and cultural theory, esp. post-colonial theory: a member of a marginalized or oppressed group; a person who is not part of the hegemony.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior person > [noun]

lowerc1175

nethererc1443

inferior?1504

puny1579

under-being1587

puisne1592

subaltern1605

little sistera1634

undermatcha1661

wretch1688

sub-man1840

missing link1863

small-timer1910

society > authority > office > holder of office > [noun] > subordinate

minister1442

juniora1530

subminister1558

underhead1599

subalternal?1608

mainpernor1631

sub1653

subaltern1706

under-somethinga1718

underling1796

society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > fiction > [noun] > creation or description of characters > subordinate character

subaltern1764

1605 W. Camden Remaines i. 4 When all Christianitie in the Counsell Constance was divided into Nations, Anglicana Natio was one of the principall and no subalterne.

a1628 F. Greville Life of Sidney (1651) i. 14 They..both encourage, and shaddow the..conspiracies of ambitious subalternes to their false endes.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Subalterns, inferiour Judges, or Officers.

1764 H. Walpole Castle of Otranto p. vi But besides their opposition to the principal personages, the art of the author is very observable in his conduct of the subalterns.

1787 C. Smith Romance Real Life II. 133 If the subalterns of the law once seize on the property.

1816 ‘Quiz’ Grand Master i. 3 Passive obedience under wrongs, 'Tis thought, to subalterns belongs.

1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ At Bay v. 83 The chef de la sûreté and his subaltern.

1937 Mod. Lang. Notes 52 46 Alexander allotted the scepters of Asia among his subalterns.

1948 Antioch Rev. 8 333 Thus the sons of the Puritans, the abolition uplifters, joined hands with the subalterns of industry to widen the democratic way of life.

1983 Jrnl. Mod. Afr. Stud. 21 109 An African middle class, viewed as Black ‘subalterns’ rather than as a potentially autonomous fraction of the bourgeoisie.

1999 N. Persram in V. Jabri & L. Rienner Women Culture & Internat. Relations 66 An effort is made to allow the conscious, individualized subaltern to speak, unfettered by the western Self's political shackles.

b. Military. A junior officer, i.e. one below the rank of captain.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer or soldier of rank > [noun] > subordinate officer

captainc1380

under-officerc1400

petty officer1587

subaltern?1608

sub-officer1609

subaltern officer1611

sub1710

company officer1786

C.P.O.1907

?1608 S. Lennard tr. P. Charron Of Wisdome iii. iii. 395 There are two sorts, the Generall and first, and afterwards the subalterne, the master of the Campe, Collonels.

1690 London Gaz. No. 2616/3 The Marquis de St. George,..with his Lieutenant-Colonel, Major, 10 Captains, and 25 Subalternes are arrived here.

1760 Cautions & Advices to Officers of Army 77 A Subaltern will find it extremely difficult to live upon his Pay, and support the Appearance of a Gentleman.

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 431 The respective companies choose their captain, and subalterns.

1811 Gen. Regul. Army 37 No Officer shall be promoted to the Rank of Captain, until he has been Three Years a Subaltern.

1846 R. Browning Luria iii, in Bells & Pomegranates No. VIII 11/1 How could subalterns like myself expect Leisure or leave to occupy the field?

1898 ‘H. S. Merriman’ Roden's Corner x. 99 Major White had, in his subaltern days, been despatched from Gibraltar on a business quest into the interior of Spain.

1913 Army Order 323 16 Sept. §4 A company will be divided into four platoons, each commanded by a subaltern.

1955 Times 10 May 10/5 His Majesty presented the Colours to two subalterns.

2001 Navy News Sept. 50/1 A Navy polo team broke a 104-year duck by winning the annual Captains and Subalterns polo tournament at Tidworth.

B. adj.

1. Logic.

a. Designating both of a pair of subalterns (sense A. 1a); designating either proposition of such a pair (in relation to the other); (also) of, relating to, or designating this relation.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [adjective] > of universal or particular propositions

universalc1450

particular1551

subaltern1566

subcontrary1566

singular1654

lemmatical1665

indefinite1773

indesignate1844

semi-definitea1856

1566 R. Horne Answeare M. J. Fekenham f. 100 Being propositions, they are not one against the other contrary, subcontrary, subalterne nor contradictory.

?1568 L. Evans Abridgem. Logique sig. B.vi^v The fourth (so to speake it) is subalterne, as all vertues are to be praised, some vertue is to be praysed.

1656 tr. T. Hobbes Elements Philos. i. iii. 30 Subaltern, are Universal and Particular Propositions of the same Quality; as, Every Man is a Living Creature, Some Man is a Living Creature.

1677 T. Good Brief Eng. Tract Logick 25 Subaltern Propositions are such which Differ only in Quality, one being Universal, the other Particular as thus.

1725 I. Watts Logick ii. ii. §3 Both particular and universal Propositions which agree in Quality but not in Quantity are call'd Subaltern.

1750 J. Wesley Compend. Logick i. ii. 10 It is easy..To enumerate the Species of Opposition, which are Contradictory, Contrary, Subcontrary and Subaltern.

1821 J. Hill tr. H. Aldrich Artis Logicæ Rudimenta (ed. 2) 96 Subaltern propositions may be both true, or both false; or the universal false, and the particular true.

1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic vi. 162 I can immediately infer the truth of its Subaltern Opposite.

1906 Jrnl. Philos. 3 286 The gulf between a subaltern proposition and its subalternates.

1942 J. C. Cooley Primer Formal Logic vii. 330 The conclusion is subaltern to a universal proposition which could have been derived from the same premises.

2010 S. L. Pratt Logic iv. 104 In the 20^th century..relations such as the subaltern relation, where if the A assertion were true then the corresponding I assertion was also true, were rejected.

b. Designating a genus which is itself a species of a higher genus; (also) designating a species which is also a genus. Frequently in subaltern genus. Cf. sense A. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical classification > [noun] > a division, group, or class > categories in relation to each other

summum genus1592

subaltern genusa1705

superordinate1817

non-class1936

a1631 J. Downe Svbiection to Higher Powers in Certaine Treat. (1633) 4 For as in Logicke that Genus which they call Subalterne, though it be a Genus in respect of those Species that are vnder it, yet in regard of the Genus aboue it is but a Species.

1671 J. Newton Introd. Art Logick vi. 23 They are said to be subaltern Generals, whereof one is essentially contained by the other; as an Animal and a Body.

a1705 J. Ray Three Physico-theol. Disc. (1713) ii. iv. 149 A distinct subaltern Genus.

1725 I. Watts Logick i. iii. §3 This sort of universal Ideas, which may either be consider'd as a Genus, or a Species, is call'd Subaltern.

1826 R. Whately Elements Logic ii. 65 Iron ore is a subaltern species or genus, being both the genus of magnet, and a species of mineral.

1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic iv. 72 The intermediate Concepts are the Subaltern Genera or Species.

1937 Jewish Q. Rev. 27 240 How can God be the summus genus when the intermediate steps, the subaltern species, are also universals and therefore non-existent?

1951 Philos. Rev. 60 559 The relation of resemblance is internally differentiated into subaltern genera.

1987 H. M. Hoenigswald & L. F. Weiner Biol. Metaphor & Cladistic Classif. i. 6 The traditional tree of Porphyry or Porphyrian scale..was a purely logical method of exhibiting the series of subaltern genera to which a concept may be assigned.

a. Of a thing: subordinate, inferior (to another). Now chiefly in critical and cultural theory, esp. post-colonial theory: of or relating to those who are marginalized or oppressed (cf. sense B. 2b).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > [adjective] > subordinate

collateralc1374

subalternate?a1425

subalternal1483

subaltern1578

subordinate1620

subordinatinga1635

subordinated1640

subalternated1659

subordinant1678

second line1797

subdominant1826

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior thing > [adjective]

salec1299

bastarda1348

sorry1372

slight1393

shrewd1426

singlec1449

backc1450

soberc1450

lesser1464

silly?a1500

starven1546

mockado1577

subaltern1578

bastardly1583

wooden1592

starved1604

perishing1605

starveling1611

minor1612

starvy1647

potsherd1655

low1727

la-la1800

waif1824

lathen1843

one-eyed1843

snide1859

bobbery1873

jerkwater1877

low-grade1878

shoddy1882

tinhorn1886

jerk1893

cheapie1898

shaganappi1900

buckeye1906

reach-me-down1907

pissy1922

crappy1928

cruddy1935

el cheapo1967

pound shop1989

society > authority > subjection > [adjective] > subject to oppressive rule

upsete1390

oppresseda1500

servile1547

subaltern1578

grinded1613

ridden1625

tyrannized1642

1578 Sir P. Sidney Let. 31 May in Wks. (1968) III. 127 Theire Courtes of Parliament their Subalterne Jurisdiccions.

1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xxxv. 124 Where to much distraction is, and subalterne professions be made seuerall heads.

1601 J. Wheeler Treat. Commerce 25 A Deputie, and certaine discreet persons..who..haue subalterne power to exercise Merchants law.

1606 H. Holland tr. R. Rollock Treat. Gods Effectual Calling xxiv. 127 The common place of sin..is subalterne to the place or generall head of our calling.

1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. xxiii. 204 Which [motion] when it is once in act, hath..many other subalterne motions ouer which it presideth.

1733 G. Douglas tr. J. B. Winslow Anat. Expos. Struct. Human Body I. iii. 150 The Composition of the Fibres of this Muscle, and its Division into several subaltern Muscles.

1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 72. ⁋2 You have shown yourself not ignorant of the value of those subaltern endowments.

1817 Lady Morgan France (1818) I. 18 Gallantly fighting his way through every subaltern degree of his profession.

1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel I. x. 264 Protect the poor against subaltern oppression.

1868 W. E. Gladstone Juventus Mundi xi. 416 Sometimes the sovereignty was local, or subaltern.

1922 Inter-Amer. Apr. 210/2 His cabinet, freed from the shackles of subaltern and dynamic politics, was formed of illustrious men.

1993 K. Keulman Crit. Moments in Relig. Hist. 12 Even at its apex, Buddhism was subaltern to the secular order.

1995 Times Lit. Suppl. 3 Feb. 4/1 Orientalism has more often been thought of as a kind of testimonial to subaltern status—the wretched of the earth talking back.

2003 R. Radhakrishnan Theory in Uneven World v. 123 How is subaltern self-reflexivity to be differentiated from the dominant or the hegemonic version?

b. Of a person or group of people: subordinate, inferior (to another); of a lower rank. Now chiefly in critical and cultural theory, esp. post-colonial theory: marginalized, oppressed; not part of the hegemony.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > [adjective]

underheilda1300

underlouta1300

underling?1370

subjecta1382

obeisantc1390

obedienta1398

subditc1430

subordinatec1485

subjugal?c1500

liablec1571

subaltern1581

regardant1583

obnoxious1591

vassal1594

servient1606

subservient1638

succumbent1647

ancillary1667

secondary1667

supposite1677

discretional1776

obedientiary1794

heteronomousa1871

satellite1882

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior person > [adjective]

unprincipal?1541

sillya1547

faulty1574

subaltern1581

suffragant1603

faulted1608

under-rate1709

1581 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha i. v. 26 From the King..ought to flow all auctoritie to the inferiour and subalterne Iustices.

1597 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1848) II. 154 Na maister..(except of the sang school), bot sic as sal be subalterne to the maister of the grammer school.

1598 R. Dallington View of Fraunce sig. Q2^v To this Parliament, they appeale from all other subalterne Courts throughout the Realme.

1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo 472 The Iudges for terme of life, and officers subalterne changing from yeare to yeare.

1699 Bp. G. Burnet Expos. Thirty-nine Articles i. 18 Others holding a vast number of Gods, either all equal or subaltern to one another.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The Patriarchs..had several Wives, who did not all hold the same Rank; but there were several subaltern to the principal Wife.

1739 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. (ed. 2) V. 94 All such subaltern actors, as played between the acts.

1810 W. Duane Mil. Dict. at Subalterns Every officer is subaltern to the grades above him, as the captain is subaltern to the major, and so upward.

1814 W. Scott Waverley III. iv. 54 He had been long employed as a subaltern agent and spy by those in the confidence of the Chevalier.

1875 W. E. Gladstone Church of Eng. & Ritualism 111 A case in which the statute prescribed a major amount of observance, but the subaltern or executive authority was content with a minor amount.

1931 Polit. Sci. Q. 46 409 It was the king who addressed the assembled congregation, even when the document in question had been issued only by a subaltern authority.

1973 P. A. Allum Politics & Society Post-War Naples viii. 249 The professional and business classes dispose of a much stronger organisational network for defending their professional interests than the subaltern classes.

2002 Ann. Rev. Anthropol. 31 455 Spitulnik..calls for continuing analyses of power relations, global capital, and the role of subaltern/minority peoples in the emergence of new media processes and products.

c. Military. Designating a junior officer, i.e. one below the rank of captain; of or relating to such an officer. Frequently in subaltern officer, subaltern rank.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer or soldier of rank > [noun] > subordinate officer

captainc1380

under-officerc1400

petty officer1587

subaltern?1608

sub-officer1609

subaltern officer1611

sub1710

company officer1786

C.P.O.1907

1611 Instr. of Marshall in W. Strachey For Colony in Virginea (1612) 48 I haue constituted subalterne officers according both to the ancient & moderne order of the wars.

1688 London Gaz. No. 2396/3 Count Strozzi..was..Shot dead..and two or three Subalterne Officers wounded.

1702 Mil. Dict. (1704) at Officer Subaltern-Officers. The Lieutenant, Ensigns, and Cornets of Horse, Foot, and Dragoons, are so call'd.

1772 T. Simes Mil. Guide Young Officers 200 When the regiment is in barracks, a Subaltern Officer is daily to visit them, the messes and regimental infirmary.

1807 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 17 222 The cries of the soldier were heard by the subaltern officer.

1849 G. White Statistics State of Georgia 508 My brother..held a subaltern rank in the expedition.

1910 J. Buchan Prester John x. 142 I might have made a good subaltern soldier.

1978 A. Powell To keep Ball Rolling II. ii. viii. 133 I had exchanged an occasional word with this quiet slightly eccentric lieutenant, like myself rather old to be of subaltern rank.

2008 Africa News (Nexis) 2 Jan. Kundi Paihama..wished good health and a new year full of prosperity to all general officers, high ranking officers, subaltern officers, sergeants, [etc.].

d. Philosophy and Theology. In Aristotelian and scholastic philosophy: designating a science which is subordinate to a higher science from which axioms can be drawn; = subalternate adj. 1b.

ΚΠ

1618 J. Selden Hist. Tithes Pref. p. xix Euery Profession takes from her to it selfe..some necessary part not elswhere to be sought for. not much otherwise then as the Subaltern sciences do from their Superiors.

1773 Ld. Monboddo Of Origin & Progress of Lang. I. i. vi. 71 It belongs only to the first philosophy..to demonstrate the principles of the subaltern sciences, which assume their principles, but do not demonstrate them.

1853 O. F. Owen in tr. Aristotle Organon I. 264 (note) The application of the principle of a superior science, to a problem belonging to a subaltern science, as music is subaltern to arithmetic.

1893 in J. H. Barrows World's Parl. Relig. I. 256 Not a subaltern science to dogmatic theology.

1969 G. G. Merino In Search Theol. Devel. 118 On the basis of Aristotelian categories, theology was classified as a ‘subaltern science’.

2002 H. Mikkeli in C. Leijenhorst et al. Dynamics Artistotelian Nat. Philos. 320 Zabarella also explicitly denies that all other sciences can possibly be said to be subaltern to metaphysics, or that medicine is subaltern to natural philosophy.

†3. Succeeding in turn; following, successive. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > succession or following in time > [adjective]

subaltern1579

subalternal1588

succeeding1602

consecutive1611

sequenta1616

subalternate1649

successional1685

seriatim1813

serial2006

1579 J. Harmar tr. J. Calvin Serm. X. Commandementes vii. f. 50^v It behoueth therefore that God goe before, and then that the creatures followe after in their subalterne, as wee may say, that is their seuerall & sucessiue order.

1590 J. Hester tr. J. Du Chesne Sclopotarie sig. O2 Indications subalterne or successiue.

1604 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. Subalterne, succeeding, following by course and order.

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 363 Therefore God framed the first Intelligence, and that mediating the first Heaven, and so in their subaltern order to the Tenth.

1762 J. Mills New Syst. Pract. Husbandry I. 469 The main stem, advancing higher and higher, left behind the subaltern blossom of a lower joint.

4. Scots Law. Of land, a right, etc.: granted by a superior (superior n. 1) who is in turn the vassal of another; (of a vassal) holding land from such a superior. Cf. subinfeudation n. Now historical and rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > one who has tenure > [adjective] > holding of one who is a vassal

subalterna1656

a1656 J. A. Clyde Hope's Major Practicks (1937) I. 174 The union of landis in any barrony could not be extended to ane subaltern seaseing granted be ane barron of ane annualrent furth of the barrony.

1681 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. i. xxi. 420 If the major part be not alienate, Subaltern Infeudations..infer not recognition, when these rights are disjunctim of parts of the Fee.

1681 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. i. xxi. 429 Omitted not only by the immediat Vassal, but by all subaltern Vassals.

1723 Bibl. Literaria No. vi. 17 Reliefs, Fines, Duties upon the several subaltern Manors.

a1768 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. (1773) I. ii. vii. §8. 283 Subaltern infeftments soon recovered force after the statute of Robert which abolished them.

1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 88 Suppose A to hold of the Crown blench, and that he subfeus his lands to B, to be held in feu... A's right is termed a public one; B's a base or subaltern right.

1900 Scots Law Times 10 Nov. 211/2 While the law so stood, it was frequently..convenient for a disposee to remain content with the subaltern infeftment.

1933 Encycl. Laws Scotl. XIV. 273 Superiors lower in the feudal series are..called mid-superiors or subaltern superiors.

1960 V. Gaffney Lordship of Strathavon 132 Subaltern rights over Elick and Glenconglass had early in the 18th century been conveyed to John Grant of Tomnavoulan.

Compounds

C1. Compounds of the adjective.

subaltern opposition n. Logic the relation between a universal and a particular proposition having the same subject and predicate and being of the same quality (cf. opposition n. 8).

ΚΠ

1807 R. Kirwan Logick I. 77 Of Subaltern opposition... This is improperly called an opposition, for both propositions are affirmative, or both are negative, they differ only in quantity.

1849 W. Thomson Outl. Laws of Thought (ed. 2) iii. §52. 211 Subaltern opposition is between any pair of affirmative or negative judgments, when the one has fewer terms distributed than the other.

1991 W. T. Parry & E. A. Hacker Aristotelian Logic ii. viii. 158 Superalternation of opposites (or subaltern opposition) is the relation of a subaltern to its superaltern.

C2. Compounds of the noun (in sense A. 2b) in the genitive.

subaltern's butter n. (also subalterns' butter) now historical the avocado (avocado n. a), formerly used as a substitute for butter; also called midshipman's butter.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > stone fruit > avocado

shell-pear1672

alligator pear1696

avocado1697

vegetable marrow1788

subaltern's butter1816

midshipman's butter1866

Holy Ghost pear1886

1816 J. Waller Treat. Incubus 105 It [sc. the avocado] has obtained amongst military men the name of subaltern's butter.

1862 W. G. Hamley Capt. Clutterbuck's Champagne 110 Subalterns' butter! yes, that was the familiar name we gave them in those days when fresh butter as a thing unknown in Jamaica.

1926 Otago Daily Times (N.Z.) 24 Mar. 4 There are great possibilities in the New Zealand market for Avocado pears, more widely known in the South Seas as ‘subaltern's butter’.

1996 M. Morton Cupboard Love 351 A hundred years earlier the name subaltern's butter had also been applied to the avocado.

subaltern's lunch n. (also subaltern's luncheon) humorous (now rare) a meal consisting of a glass of water and the act of tightening one's belt.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > water > [noun] > a drink of

subaltern's lunch1897

1897 Baily's Mag. Apr. 267/1 ‘A glass of water and a pull at your belt’ was the old notion of a subaltern's lunch.

1904 A. Griffiths Fifty Years Public Service 50 The traditional ‘subaltern's luncheon’—‘a glass of water and a pull at the waistbelt’.

1996 M. Morton Cupboard Love 351 Subaltern's luncheon..A subaltern is often asked to work through the meal hour, leading to the phrase subaltern's luncheon, a meal the officer partakes of by drinking a glass of water and tightening his belt.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	subaltern
释义	subalternn.adj. Brit. /ˈsʌblt(ə)n/, U.S. /səˈbɔltərn/, /səˈbɑltərn/ Forms: late Middle English–1600s subalterne, 1600s– subaltern. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin subalternus. Etymology: < post-classical Latin subalternus (in logic) subordinate (4th cent.), designating a genus which is itself a species of a higher genus (1512 or earlier), designating a species which is also a genus (1523 or earlier), (with reference to rank) subordinate (from 12th cent. in British and continental sources) < classical Latin sub- sub- prefix + alternus altern adj. Compare Middle French, French subalterne subordinate, lower in a hierarchy (c1430; 1466 as noun), Spanish subalterno (13th cent.), Italian subalterno (late 15th cent.). With use as adjective compare earlier subalternate adj., subalternal adj.Variation in the position of the main stress has been recorded since at least the 18th cent. The present pattern, of stress normally on the first syllable in British use, and stress normally on the second syllable in U.S. use, is found from at least the late 19th cent. A. n. 1. Logic. a. Either of a pair of propositions consisting of a universal proposition and a particular proposition having the same subject and predicate and being of the same quality (i.e. affirmative or negative); spec. the particular proposition of such a pair. Cf. subalternant n., subalternate n. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > universal proposition > subsidiary proposition subalternc1475 particulara1500 lemma1570 hypothesis1596 subalternate1651 under-proposition1691 c1475 Court of Sapience (Trin. Cambr.) (1927) l. 1861 (MED) Dame Dialetica..Whyche subalterne, whyche contradiccion, Whyche ys contrary, taught she by reason. 1671 J. Newton Introd. Art Logick xxii. 78 Amabimus, and Edentuli are subcontraries. Purpurea and Edentuli are contradictories; and so are Iliace and Amabimus; Purpurea and Amabimus are subalterns. 1685 tr. P. Nicole & A. Arnauld Logic ii. ii. 169 If they differ in Quantity only, and agree in Quality, as A.I. and E.O. they are call'd Subalterns. 1737 B. Martin Bibliotheca Technologica 214 A I and E O are call'd Subalterns: Wherein (I.) if A or E be true, I or O will be true also, but not the contrary. 1750 J. Wesley Compend. Logick i. ii. 10 Subalterns are sometimes both true, sometimes both false; sometimes one true, the other false. 1816 Elements of Logic ii. iii. 47 Propositions which differ only in quantity are called subalterns. 1870 W. S. Jevons Elem. Lessons Logic ix. 78 Of subalterns, the particular is true if the universal be true. 1917 R. W. Sellars Essent. Logic ix. 101 When the contrary universal is true, both subalterns are false. 1921 W. Poland Laws of Thought (rev. ed.) 44 The particular is implied in the universal. It is a subaltern of the universal. 1991 W. T. Parry & E. A. Hacker Aristotelian Logic ii. viii. 158 Superalternation of opposites (or subaltern opposition) is the relation of a subaltern to its superaltern. b. A genus which is itself a species of a higher genus (see genus n. 1). Cf. species n. 7a. Now rare.All genera are subalterns with the exception of the highest or summum genus, and every species is a subaltern unless it is an infima species. See summum genus n., infima species n. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > universal proposition > subsidiary proposition > genus of subalterna1620 a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) ii. iii. §3. 219 The subalternes, are both, in their diuers relations; Genera, to their inferiors; and Species, to their superiors. 1750 J. Wesley Compend. Logick i. i. 6 A Genus is either the Highest, or a Subaltern: A Species is either a Subaltern, or the Lowest. 1796 J. Collard Essent. of Logic ii. ii. 39 All the intermediate genera, between the highest genus, and the lowest species, are distinguished by the name of subalterns. 1856 R. G. Latham Logic in its Applic. to Lang. 174 It is convenient to denote the approach of a subaltern to a summum genus by the word generic. 1899 J. H. Hyslop Logic & Argument iii. 36 All intermediate terms between these extremes are sometimes called subalterns, as being either genera or species, according to the relation in which they are viewed. 1900 Methodist Rev. July 572 Finally we arrive at the highest order, the summum genus, which includes all subalterns classified under one attribute. 1979 K. Gyekye tr. Ibn al-Ṭayyib in Arabic Logic 63 The first two descriptions, however, pertain to every species whether an infima or a subaltern. 2. a. A person or (occasionally) thing of inferior rank or status; a subordinate. Now chiefly in critical and cultural theory, esp. post-colonial theory: a member of a marginalized or oppressed group; a person who is not part of the hegemony. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior person > [noun] lowerc1175 nethererc1443 inferior?1504 puny1579 under-being1587 puisne1592 subaltern1605 little sistera1634 undermatcha1661 wretch1688 sub-man1840 missing link1863 small-timer1910 society > authority > office > holder of office > [noun] > subordinate minister1442 juniora1530 subminister1558 underhead1599 subalternal?1608 mainpernor1631 sub1653 subaltern1706 under-somethinga1718 underling1796 society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > fiction > [noun] > creation or description of characters > subordinate character subaltern1764 1605 W. Camden Remaines i. 4 When all Christianitie in the Counsell Constance was divided into Nations, Anglicana Natio was one of the principall and no subalterne. a1628 F. Greville Life of Sidney (1651) i. 14 They..both encourage, and shaddow the..conspiracies of ambitious subalternes to their false endes. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Subalterns, inferiour Judges, or Officers. 1764 H. Walpole Castle of Otranto p. vi But besides their opposition to the principal personages, the art of the author is very observable in his conduct of the subalterns. 1787 C. Smith Romance Real Life II. 133 If the subalterns of the law once seize on the property. 1816 ‘Quiz’ Grand Master i. 3 Passive obedience under wrongs, 'Tis thought, to subalterns belongs. 1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ At Bay v. 83 The chef de la sûreté and his subaltern. 1937 Mod. Lang. Notes 52 46 Alexander allotted the scepters of Asia among his subalterns. 1948 Antioch Rev. 8 333 Thus the sons of the Puritans, the abolition uplifters, joined hands with the subalterns of industry to widen the democratic way of life. 1983 Jrnl. Mod. Afr. Stud. 21 109 An African middle class, viewed as Black ‘subalterns’ rather than as a potentially autonomous fraction of the bourgeoisie. 1999 N. Persram in V. Jabri & L. Rienner Women Culture & Internat. Relations 66 An effort is made to allow the conscious, individualized subaltern to speak, unfettered by the western Self's political shackles. b. Military. A junior officer, i.e. one below the rank of captain. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer or soldier of rank > [noun] > subordinate officer captainc1380 under-officerc1400 petty officer1587 subaltern?1608 sub-officer1609 subaltern officer1611 sub1710 company officer1786 C.P.O.1907 ?1608 S. Lennard tr. P. Charron Of Wisdome iii. iii. 395 There are two sorts, the Generall and first, and afterwards the subalterne, the master of the Campe, Collonels. 1690 London Gaz. No. 2616/3 The Marquis de St. George,..with his Lieutenant-Colonel, Major, 10 Captains, and 25 Subalternes are arrived here. 1760 Cautions & Advices to Officers of Army 77 A Subaltern will find it extremely difficult to live upon his Pay, and support the Appearance of a Gentleman. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 431 The respective companies choose their captain, and subalterns. 1811 Gen. Regul. Army 37 No Officer shall be promoted to the Rank of Captain, until he has been Three Years a Subaltern. 1846 R. Browning Luria iii, in Bells & Pomegranates No. VIII 11/1 How could subalterns like myself expect Leisure or leave to occupy the field? 1898 ‘H. S. Merriman’ Roden's Corner x. 99 Major White had, in his subaltern days, been despatched from Gibraltar on a business quest into the interior of Spain. 1913 Army Order 323 16 Sept. §4 A company will be divided into four platoons, each commanded by a subaltern. 1955 Times 10 May 10/5 His Majesty presented the Colours to two subalterns. 2001 Navy News Sept. 50/1 A Navy polo team broke a 104-year duck by winning the annual Captains and Subalterns polo tournament at Tidworth. B. adj. 1. Logic. a. Designating both of a pair of subalterns (sense A. 1a); designating either proposition of such a pair (in relation to the other); (also) of, relating to, or designating this relation. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [adjective] > of universal or particular propositions universalc1450 particular1551 subaltern1566 subcontrary1566 singular1654 lemmatical1665 indefinite1773 indesignate1844 semi-definitea1856 1566 R. Horne Answeare M. J. Fekenham f. 100 Being propositions, they are not one against the other contrary, subcontrary, subalterne nor contradictory. ?1568 L. Evans Abridgem. Logique sig. B.vi^v The fourth (so to speake it) is subalterne, as all vertues are to be praised, some vertue is to be praysed. 1656 tr. T. Hobbes Elements Philos. i. iii. 30 Subaltern, are Universal and Particular Propositions of the same Quality; as, Every Man is a Living Creature, Some Man is a Living Creature. 1677 T. Good Brief Eng. Tract Logick 25 Subaltern Propositions are such which Differ only in Quality, one being Universal, the other Particular as thus. 1725 I. Watts Logick ii. ii. §3 Both particular and universal Propositions which agree in Quality but not in Quantity are call'd Subaltern. 1750 J. Wesley Compend. Logick i. ii. 10 It is easy..To enumerate the Species of Opposition, which are Contradictory, Contrary, Subcontrary and Subaltern. 1821 J. Hill tr. H. Aldrich Artis Logicæ Rudimenta (ed. 2) 96 Subaltern propositions may be both true, or both false; or the universal false, and the particular true. 1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic vi. 162 I can immediately infer the truth of its Subaltern Opposite. 1906 Jrnl. Philos. 3 286 The gulf between a subaltern proposition and its subalternates. 1942 J. C. Cooley Primer Formal Logic vii. 330 The conclusion is subaltern to a universal proposition which could have been derived from the same premises. 2010 S. L. Pratt Logic iv. 104 In the 20^th century..relations such as the subaltern relation, where if the A assertion were true then the corresponding I assertion was also true, were rejected. b. Designating a genus which is itself a species of a higher genus; (also) designating a species which is also a genus. Frequently in subaltern genus. Cf. sense A. 1b. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical classification > [noun] > a division, group, or class > categories in relation to each other summum genus1592 subaltern genusa1705 superordinate1817 non-class1936 a1631 J. Downe Svbiection to Higher Powers in Certaine Treat. (1633) 4 For as in Logicke that Genus which they call Subalterne, though it be a Genus in respect of those Species that are vnder it, yet in regard of the Genus aboue it is but a Species. 1671 J. Newton Introd. Art Logick vi. 23 They are said to be subaltern Generals, whereof one is essentially contained by the other; as an Animal and a Body. a1705 J. Ray Three Physico-theol. Disc. (1713) ii. iv. 149 A distinct subaltern Genus. 1725 I. Watts Logick i. iii. §3 This sort of universal Ideas, which may either be consider'd as a Genus, or a Species, is call'd Subaltern. 1826 R. Whately Elements Logic ii. 65 Iron ore is a subaltern species or genus, being both the genus of magnet, and a species of mineral. 1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic iv. 72 The intermediate Concepts are the Subaltern Genera or Species. 1937 Jewish Q. Rev. 27 240 How can God be the summus genus when the intermediate steps, the subaltern species, are also universals and therefore non-existent? 1951 Philos. Rev. 60 559 The relation of resemblance is internally differentiated into subaltern genera. 1987 H. M. Hoenigswald & L. F. Weiner Biol. Metaphor & Cladistic Classif. i. 6 The traditional tree of Porphyry or Porphyrian scale..was a purely logical method of exhibiting the series of subaltern genera to which a concept may be assigned. 2. a. Of a thing: subordinate, inferior (to another). Now chiefly in critical and cultural theory, esp. post-colonial theory: of or relating to those who are marginalized or oppressed (cf. sense B. 2b). ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > [adjective] > subordinate collateralc1374 subalternate?a1425 subalternal1483 subaltern1578 subordinate1620 subordinatinga1635 subordinated1640 subalternated1659 subordinant1678 second line1797 subdominant1826 the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior thing > [adjective] salec1299 bastarda1348 sorry1372 slight1393 shrewd1426 singlec1449 backc1450 soberc1450 lesser1464 silly?a1500 starven1546 mockado1577 subaltern1578 bastardly1583 wooden1592 starved1604 perishing1605 starveling1611 minor1612 starvy1647 potsherd1655 low1727 la-la1800 waif1824 lathen1843 one-eyed1843 snide1859 bobbery1873 jerkwater1877 low-grade1878 shoddy1882 tinhorn1886 jerk1893 cheapie1898 shaganappi1900 buckeye1906 reach-me-down1907 pissy1922 crappy1928 cruddy1935 el cheapo1967 pound shop1989 society > authority > subjection > [adjective] > subject to oppressive rule upsete1390 oppresseda1500 servile1547 subaltern1578 grinded1613 ridden1625 tyrannized1642 1578 Sir P. Sidney Let. 31 May in Wks. (1968) III. 127 Theire Courtes of Parliament their Subalterne Jurisdiccions. 1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xxxv. 124 Where to much distraction is, and subalterne professions be made seuerall heads. 1601 J. Wheeler Treat. Commerce 25 A Deputie, and certaine discreet persons..who..haue subalterne power to exercise Merchants law. 1606 H. Holland tr. R. Rollock Treat. Gods Effectual Calling xxiv. 127 The common place of sin..is subalterne to the place or generall head of our calling. 1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. xxiii. 204 Which [motion] when it is once in act, hath..many other subalterne motions ouer which it presideth. 1733 G. Douglas tr. J. B. Winslow Anat. Expos. Struct. Human Body I. iii. 150 The Composition of the Fibres of this Muscle, and its Division into several subaltern Muscles. 1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 72. ⁋2 You have shown yourself not ignorant of the value of those subaltern endowments. 1817 Lady Morgan France (1818) I. 18 Gallantly fighting his way through every subaltern degree of his profession. 1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel I. x. 264 Protect the poor against subaltern oppression. 1868 W. E. Gladstone Juventus Mundi xi. 416 Sometimes the sovereignty was local, or subaltern. 1922 Inter-Amer. Apr. 210/2 His cabinet, freed from the shackles of subaltern and dynamic politics, was formed of illustrious men. 1993 K. Keulman Crit. Moments in Relig. Hist. 12 Even at its apex, Buddhism was subaltern to the secular order. 1995 Times Lit. Suppl. 3 Feb. 4/1 Orientalism has more often been thought of as a kind of testimonial to subaltern status—the wretched of the earth talking back. 2003 R. Radhakrishnan Theory in Uneven World v. 123 How is subaltern self-reflexivity to be differentiated from the dominant or the hegemonic version? b. Of a person or group of people: subordinate, inferior (to another); of a lower rank. Now chiefly in critical and cultural theory, esp. post-colonial theory: marginalized, oppressed; not part of the hegemony. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > [adjective] underheilda1300 underlouta1300 underling?1370 subjecta1382 obeisantc1390 obedienta1398 subditc1430 subordinatec1485 subjugal?c1500 liablec1571 subaltern1581 regardant1583 obnoxious1591 vassal1594 servient1606 subservient1638 succumbent1647 ancillary1667 secondary1667 supposite1677 discretional1776 obedientiary1794 heteronomousa1871 satellite1882 the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior person > [adjective] unprincipal?1541 sillya1547 faulty1574 subaltern1581 suffragant1603 faulted1608 under-rate1709 1581 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha i. v. 26 From the King..ought to flow all auctoritie to the inferiour and subalterne Iustices. 1597 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1848) II. 154 Na maister..(except of the sang school), bot sic as sal be subalterne to the maister of the grammer school. 1598 R. Dallington View of Fraunce sig. Q2^v To this Parliament, they appeale from all other subalterne Courts throughout the Realme. 1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo 472 The Iudges for terme of life, and officers subalterne changing from yeare to yeare. 1699 Bp. G. Burnet Expos. Thirty-nine Articles i. 18 Others holding a vast number of Gods, either all equal or subaltern to one another. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The Patriarchs..had several Wives, who did not all hold the same Rank; but there were several subaltern to the principal Wife. 1739 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. (ed. 2) V. 94 All such subaltern actors, as played between the acts. 1810 W. Duane Mil. Dict. at Subalterns Every officer is subaltern to the grades above him, as the captain is subaltern to the major, and so upward. 1814 W. Scott Waverley III. iv. 54 He had been long employed as a subaltern agent and spy by those in the confidence of the Chevalier. View more context for this quotation 1875 W. E. Gladstone Church of Eng. & Ritualism 111 A case in which the statute prescribed a major amount of observance, but the subaltern or executive authority was content with a minor amount. 1931 Polit. Sci. Q. 46 409 It was the king who addressed the assembled congregation, even when the document in question had been issued only by a subaltern authority. 1973 P. A. Allum Politics & Society Post-War Naples viii. 249 The professional and business classes dispose of a much stronger organisational network for defending their professional interests than the subaltern classes. 2002 Ann. Rev. Anthropol. 31 455 Spitulnik..calls for continuing analyses of power relations, global capital, and the role of subaltern/minority peoples in the emergence of new media processes and products. c. Military. Designating a junior officer, i.e. one below the rank of captain; of or relating to such an officer. Frequently in subaltern officer, subaltern rank. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer or soldier of rank > [noun] > subordinate officer captainc1380 under-officerc1400 petty officer1587 subaltern?1608 sub-officer1609 subaltern officer1611 sub1710 company officer1786 C.P.O.1907 1611 Instr. of Marshall in W. Strachey For Colony in Virginea (1612) 48 I haue constituted subalterne officers according both to the ancient & moderne order of the wars. 1688 London Gaz. No. 2396/3 Count Strozzi..was..Shot dead..and two or three Subalterne Officers wounded. 1702 Mil. Dict. (1704) at Officer Subaltern-Officers. The Lieutenant, Ensigns, and Cornets of Horse, Foot, and Dragoons, are so call'd. 1772 T. Simes Mil. Guide Young Officers 200 When the regiment is in barracks, a Subaltern Officer is daily to visit them, the messes and regimental infirmary. 1807 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 17 222 The cries of the soldier were heard by the subaltern officer. 1849 G. White Statistics State of Georgia 508 My brother..held a subaltern rank in the expedition. 1910 J. Buchan Prester John x. 142 I might have made a good subaltern soldier. 1978 A. Powell To keep Ball Rolling II. ii. viii. 133 I had exchanged an occasional word with this quiet slightly eccentric lieutenant, like myself rather old to be of subaltern rank. 2008 Africa News (Nexis) 2 Jan. Kundi Paihama..wished good health and a new year full of prosperity to all general officers, high ranking officers, subaltern officers, sergeants, [etc.]. d. Philosophy and Theology. In Aristotelian and scholastic philosophy: designating a science which is subordinate to a higher science from which axioms can be drawn; = subalternate adj. 1b. ΚΠ 1618 J. Selden Hist. Tithes Pref. p. xix Euery Profession takes from her to it selfe..some necessary part not elswhere to be sought for. not much otherwise then as the Subaltern sciences do from their Superiors. 1773 Ld. Monboddo Of Origin & Progress of Lang. I. i. vi. 71 It belongs only to the first philosophy..to demonstrate the principles of the subaltern sciences, which assume their principles, but do not demonstrate them. 1853 O. F. Owen in tr. Aristotle Organon I. 264 (note) The application of the principle of a superior science, to a problem belonging to a subaltern science, as music is subaltern to arithmetic. 1893 in J. H. Barrows World's Parl. Relig. I. 256 Not a subaltern science to dogmatic theology. 1969 G. G. Merino In Search Theol. Devel. 118 On the basis of Aristotelian categories, theology was classified as a ‘subaltern science’. 2002 H. Mikkeli in C. Leijenhorst et al. Dynamics Artistotelian Nat. Philos. 320 Zabarella also explicitly denies that all other sciences can possibly be said to be subaltern to metaphysics, or that medicine is subaltern to natural philosophy. †3. Succeeding in turn; following, successive. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > succession or following in time > [adjective] subaltern1579 subalternal1588 succeeding1602 consecutive1611 sequenta1616 subalternate1649 successional1685 seriatim1813 serial2006 1579 J. Harmar tr. J. Calvin Serm. X. Commandementes vii. f. 50^v It behoueth therefore that God goe before, and then that the creatures followe after in their subalterne, as wee may say, that is their seuerall & sucessiue order. 1590 J. Hester tr. J. Du Chesne Sclopotarie sig. O2 Indications subalterne or successiue. 1604 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. Subalterne, succeeding, following by course and order. 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 363 Therefore God framed the first Intelligence, and that mediating the first Heaven, and so in their subaltern order to the Tenth. 1762 J. Mills New Syst. Pract. Husbandry I. 469 The main stem, advancing higher and higher, left behind the subaltern blossom of a lower joint. 4. Scots Law. Of land, a right, etc.: granted by a superior (superior n. 1) who is in turn the vassal of another; (of a vassal) holding land from such a superior. Cf. subinfeudation n. Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > one who has tenure > [adjective] > holding of one who is a vassal subalterna1656 a1656 J. A. Clyde Hope's Major Practicks (1937) I. 174 The union of landis in any barrony could not be extended to ane subaltern seaseing granted be ane barron of ane annualrent furth of the barrony. 1681 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. i. xxi. 420 If the major part be not alienate, Subaltern Infeudations..infer not recognition, when these rights are disjunctim of parts of the Fee. 1681 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. i. xxi. 429 Omitted not only by the immediat Vassal, but by all subaltern Vassals. 1723 Bibl. Literaria No. vi. 17 Reliefs, Fines, Duties upon the several subaltern Manors. a1768 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. (1773) I. ii. vii. §8. 283 Subaltern infeftments soon recovered force after the statute of Robert which abolished them. 1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 88 Suppose A to hold of the Crown blench, and that he subfeus his lands to B, to be held in feu... A's right is termed a public one; B's a base or subaltern right. 1900 Scots Law Times 10 Nov. 211/2 While the law so stood, it was frequently..convenient for a disposee to remain content with the subaltern infeftment. 1933 Encycl. Laws Scotl. XIV. 273 Superiors lower in the feudal series are..called mid-superiors or subaltern superiors. 1960 V. Gaffney Lordship of Strathavon 132 Subaltern rights over Elick and Glenconglass had early in the 18th century been conveyed to John Grant of Tomnavoulan. Compounds C1. Compounds of the adjective. subaltern opposition n. Logic the relation between a universal and a particular proposition having the same subject and predicate and being of the same quality (cf. opposition n. 8). ΚΠ 1807 R. Kirwan Logick I. 77 Of Subaltern opposition... This is improperly called an opposition, for both propositions are affirmative, or both are negative, they differ only in quantity. 1849 W. Thomson Outl. Laws of Thought (ed. 2) iii. §52. 211 Subaltern opposition is between any pair of affirmative or negative judgments, when the one has fewer terms distributed than the other. 1991 W. T. Parry & E. A. Hacker Aristotelian Logic ii. viii. 158 Superalternation of opposites (or subaltern opposition) is the relation of a subaltern to its superaltern. C2. Compounds of the noun (in sense A. 2b) in the genitive. subaltern's butter n. (also subalterns' butter) now historical the avocado (avocado n. a), formerly used as a substitute for butter; also called midshipman's butter. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > stone fruit > avocado shell-pear1672 alligator pear1696 avocado1697 vegetable marrow1788 subaltern's butter1816 midshipman's butter1866 Holy Ghost pear1886 1816 J. Waller Treat. Incubus 105 It [sc. the avocado] has obtained amongst military men the name of subaltern's butter. 1862 W. G. Hamley Capt. Clutterbuck's Champagne 110 Subalterns' butter! yes, that was the familiar name we gave them in those days when fresh butter as a thing unknown in Jamaica. 1926 Otago Daily Times (N.Z.) 24 Mar. 4 There are great possibilities in the New Zealand market for Avocado pears, more widely known in the South Seas as ‘subaltern's butter’. 1996 M. Morton Cupboard Love 351 A hundred years earlier the name subaltern's butter had also been applied to the avocado. subaltern's lunch n. (also subaltern's luncheon) humorous (now rare) a meal consisting of a glass of water and the act of tightening one's belt. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > water > [noun] > a drink of subaltern's lunch1897 1897 Baily's Mag. Apr. 267/1 ‘A glass of water and a pull at your belt’ was the old notion of a subaltern's lunch. 1904 A. Griffiths Fifty Years Public Service 50 The traditional ‘subaltern's luncheon’—‘a glass of water and a pull at the waistbelt’. 1996 M. Morton Cupboard Love 351 Subaltern's luncheon..A subaltern is often asked to work through the meal hour, leading to the phrase subaltern's luncheon, a meal the officer partakes of by drinking a glass of water and tightening his belt. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). subalternv. Brit. /ˈsʌblt(ə)n/, U.S. /səˈbɔltərn/, /səˈbɑltərn/ Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Probably partly a borrowing from French. Probably partly a borrowing from Latin. Probably partly formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: French subalterner ; Latin subalternare ; subaltern adj. Etymology: Probably partly (i) < (a) Middle French, French subalterner to make subaltern, to subordinate (1444), and its etymon (b) post-classical Latin subalternare (especially in logic) to subordinate (frequently from c1250 in British sources; < subalternus subaltern adj.), and partly (ii) < subaltern adj. Compare subalternize v. transitive. To make subaltern; to subordinate (something) to.Now esp. in critical and cultural theory (see subaltern n. 2a). ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > [verb (transitive)] > make inferior or subordinate subalterna1500 inferiorizea1834 a1500 ( Pilgrimage of Soul (Egerton) (1953) i. xxix. f. 23^v Alle other wordely lawes be..subalterned [1483 Caxton subalternat] to godis lawe. 1866 Colburn's United Service Mag. Feb. 219 Captains of seamen being subalterned by the title of lieutenant. 1982 T. Bennett in M. Gurevitch et al. Culture, Society & Media xi. 287 Subalterned to the reality it mirrors, the world of signs is granted only a shadowy, twilight existence. 2003 S. Martinot Rule of Racialization iii. 172 The police have constructed themselves as the boundary between (white) corporate society and those it subalterns and constrains. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.c1475v.a1500
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subalternn.adj.

Compounds

subalternv.