stumn.

/stʌm/

Forms: Also 1700s stumm, stume.

Etymology: < Dutch stom, substantive use of stom dumb. Compare French vin muet in the same sense; also German stummer wein, wine that tastes flat.

a. Unfermented or partly fermented grape-juice, must; esp. must in which the fermentation has been prevented or arrested by fumigation with sulphur.

ΚΠ

1666 Oxf. Gaz. No. 16/1 Another Vessel was..laden with Wine and Stum.

1669 W. Charleton Mysterie of Vintners in Two Disc. 145 This Flower thus separated, is what they name Stum, either by transposition of the letters into the word Must, or from the word Stum, which in High-Dutch signifies Mute, because this liquor (forsooth) is hindred from that Maturity, by which it should speak its goodness.

1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 234 An unctuous clammy Vapour that arises from the Stum of Grapes.

1769 E. Raffald Experienced Eng. House-keeper xv. 309 (heading) To make Stum.

1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. xv. 286 As necessary..as the fermentation of the stum in the vat is to the perfection of the liquor.

1845 T. Smeed Wine Merchant's Man. 59 Dissolve half a pound of white candy in a pint of Rhenish stum.

1858 in P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products

plural.1710 London Gaz. No. 4681/4 There are about 50 Hdds..of..French Wines, some Stumes &c.?1734 P. Shaw Chem. Lect. x. sig. N8 This is the common Method of matching Casks for Wines, but particularly for Stums.in extended use.1766 Compl. Farmer at Mead The usual practice of making it so strong as to bear an egg, is very wrong. The liquor is thereby rendered a mere stum.

b. Must as used for renewing vapid wines. Also occasionally applied to apple-juice similarly used.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > wine-making > [noun] > must

mustOE

stum1679

dulce1849

mosto1875

the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > wine-making > [noun] > must > for renewing vapid wine

stum1679

1692 tr. B. Jonson Leges Convivales in Wks. sig. Bbbbb6 Let our Wines without mixture, or Stum be all fine.

1693 T. Rymer Short View Trag. sig. F7^v Chaucer threw in Latin, French, Provencial, and other Languages, like new Stum to raise a Fermentation.

?1734 P. Shaw Chem. Lect. x. sig. N8^v After the same manner a Stum is prepared in England from the Juice of Apples.

figurative.1679 T. Shadwell True Widow iii. 32 'Tis the stum of Love that makes it fret and fume, and fly, and never good.1682 J. Dryden Medall 16 Thy bellowing Renegado Priests, That..with thy Stumm ferment their fainting Cause.1706 tr. J. B. Morvan de Bellegarde Refl. upon Ridicule 168 Get rid of this stum in your Blood.

2. Vapid wine renewed by the mixture of stum.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > types of wine > [noun] > flat or sour wine > renewed by must

stum1664

1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. i. 41 I'l carve your name on Barks of Trees,..Drink every letter on't, in Stum; And make it brisk Champaign become.

1775 Fielding's True Patriot in Wks. IX. 333 We drank nine bottles a piece of stum.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations.

ΚΠ

1669 C. Merret Some Observ. conc. ordering Wines in W. Charleton Two Disc. 214 Herrings Roes preserve any Stum wines.

1719 in T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth V. 84 Who hate the stum Poison of Spain and France.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Must The Rhenish Must..made without boiling is only put up so close in the vessel, that it cannot work; this is called stumm-wine.

1769 E. Raffald Experienced Eng. House-keeper xv. 309 Then put a Quart of stum-forcing to it, which will..make it fine and bright.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

stumv.

/stʌm/

Forms: Inflected stummed, stumming. Also 1600s stumb, 1700s stoom.

Etymology: < Dutch stommen, < stom stum n.

a. transitive. To renew (wine) by mixing with stum or must and raising a new fermentation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > wine-making > [verb (transitive)] > renew by adding stum

stum1656

1656 R. Flecknoe Diarium 26 Such trash in belly e're to put, As mungrel balderdash Mine Heer, Dutchman has stummed for us there.

1689 Muses Farew. Popery 88 Had a drunken Tom Tinker the Penance receiv'd, Or a Vintner for stumming his Wine, who'd have griev'd?

1775 J. Ash New Dict. Eng. Lang. Stoom, (v.t. with wine coopers), to impregnate wines by putting bags of herbs or other ingredients into them.

1775 J. Ash New Dict. Eng. Lang. Stum (v.t.), to renew wines by raising a fresh fermentation.

b. figurative.

ΚΠ

1661 C. W. To Worthy Friend in A. Brome Songs & Other Poems sig. A8 There strength of fancy, to it sweetness joynes, Vnmixt with water, nor stum'd with strong lines.

1676 G. Etherege Man of Mode iii. ii. 44 Nature has her cheats, stum's A brain, and puts sophisticate dulness often on the tastless Multitude for true wit and good humour.

1681 J. Oldham Some New Pieces never Publisht 128 As the poor Drunkard, when Wine stums his brains, Anointed with that liquor, thinks he reigns.

1795 E. Burke Let. to W. Elliot 26 May When that sad draught..was dashed and brewed, and ineffectually stummed again into a senatorial exordium in the house of lords.

c. to stum up: (perhaps) to set going, work up. rare.The use may be due to some misapprehension.

ΚΠ

1817 J. Keats Let. to Haydon 28 Sept. At Bailey's suggestion..we have stummed up a kind of contrivance whereby he will be enabled to do himself the benefits you will lay in his Path.

2. To fumigate (a cask) with burning sulphur, in order to prevent the contained liquor from fermenting; to stop the fermentation of (new wine) by fumigation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > [verb (transitive)] > fumigate casks

match1669

stum1787

1787 J. Croft Treat. Wines Portugal 25 Most of the Spanish Wines are stoomed or matcht, as they term it, with brimstone, which also stops the fermentation.

1789 W. Marshall Rural Econ. Glocestershire II. 358 This expedient is termed ‘stumming the [cider] casks’.

1860 J. E. Worcester Dict. Eng. Lang. ; and in later Dicts.

Derivatives

stummed adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > wine-making > [adjective] > renewed by stum

stummed1664

the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > [adjective] > preventing fermentation

stummed1837

1664 P. Neil in J. Evelyn Pomona in Sylva 40 [Cider] cannot be unwholsome, upon the same measure that stummed Wine is so.

1666 G. Harvey Morbus Anglicus xxviii. 77 A kind of crude dull stumb'd Burdeaux.

1694 in C. Mackay Coll. Songs London Prentices (1841) 122 All loyal lads of true English race; That scorn the stum'd notion of Spain and France.

a1721 M. Prior On Passage in Scaligeriana 2 When you with High-Dutch Heeren dine, Expect false Latin, and stumm'd Wine.

1837 C. Richardson New Dict. Eng. Lang. II Stummed casks are casks fumigated (with brimstone, to prevent the liquor from fermenting).

ˈstumming n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > [noun] > preventing fermentation

stumming1647

1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 143 This is called stooming of wines.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

单词	stum
释义	stumn. /stʌm/ Forms: Also 1700s stumm, stume. Etymology: < Dutch stom, substantive use of stom dumb. Compare French vin muet in the same sense; also German stummer wein, wine that tastes flat. 1. a. Unfermented or partly fermented grape-juice, must; esp. must in which the fermentation has been prevented or arrested by fumigation with sulphur. ΚΠ 1666 Oxf. Gaz. No. 16/1 Another Vessel was..laden with Wine and Stum. 1669 W. Charleton Mysterie of Vintners in Two Disc. 145 This Flower thus separated, is what they name Stum, either by transposition of the letters into the word Must, or from the word Stum, which in High-Dutch signifies Mute, because this liquor (forsooth) is hindred from that Maturity, by which it should speak its goodness. 1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 234 An unctuous clammy Vapour that arises from the Stum of Grapes. 1769 E. Raffald Experienced Eng. House-keeper xv. 309 (heading) To make Stum. 1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. xv. 286 As necessary..as the fermentation of the stum in the vat is to the perfection of the liquor. 1845 T. Smeed Wine Merchant's Man. 59 Dissolve half a pound of white candy in a pint of Rhenish stum. 1858 in P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products plural.1710 London Gaz. No. 4681/4 There are about 50 Hdds..of..French Wines, some Stumes &c.?1734 P. Shaw Chem. Lect. x. sig. N8 This is the common Method of matching Casks for Wines, but particularly for Stums.in extended use.1766 Compl. Farmer at Mead The usual practice of making it so strong as to bear an egg, is very wrong. The liquor is thereby rendered a mere stum. b. Must as used for renewing vapid wines. Also occasionally applied to apple-juice similarly used. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > wine-making > [noun] > must mustOE stum1679 dulce1849 mosto1875 the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > wine-making > [noun] > must > for renewing vapid wine stum1679 1692 tr. B. Jonson Leges Convivales in Wks. sig. Bbbbb6 Let our Wines without mixture, or Stum be all fine. 1693 T. Rymer Short View Trag. sig. F7^v Chaucer threw in Latin, French, Provencial, and other Languages, like new Stum to raise a Fermentation. ?1734 P. Shaw Chem. Lect. x. sig. N8^v After the same manner a Stum is prepared in England from the Juice of Apples. figurative.1679 T. Shadwell True Widow iii. 32 'Tis the stum of Love that makes it fret and fume, and fly, and never good.1682 J. Dryden Medall 16 Thy bellowing Renegado Priests, That..with thy Stumm ferment their fainting Cause.1706 tr. J. B. Morvan de Bellegarde Refl. upon Ridicule 168 Get rid of this stum in your Blood. 2. Vapid wine renewed by the mixture of stum. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > types of wine > [noun] > flat or sour wine > renewed by must stum1664 1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. i. 41 I'l carve your name on Barks of Trees,..Drink every letter on't, in Stum; And make it brisk Champaign become. 1775 Fielding's True Patriot in Wks. IX. 333 We drank nine bottles a piece of stum. Compounds attributive and in other combinations. ΚΠ 1669 C. Merret Some Observ. conc. ordering Wines in W. Charleton Two Disc. 214 Herrings Roes preserve any Stum wines. 1719 in T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth V. 84 Who hate the stum Poison of Spain and France. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Must The Rhenish Must..made without boiling is only put up so close in the vessel, that it cannot work; this is called stumm-wine. 1769 E. Raffald Experienced Eng. House-keeper xv. 309 Then put a Quart of stum-forcing to it, which will..make it fine and bright. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online June 2022). stumv. /stʌm/ Forms: Inflected stummed, stumming. Also 1600s stumb, 1700s stoom. Etymology: < Dutch stommen, < stom stum n. 1. a. transitive. To renew (wine) by mixing with stum or must and raising a new fermentation. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > wine-making > [verb (transitive)] > renew by adding stum stum1656 1656 R. Flecknoe Diarium 26 Such trash in belly e're to put, As mungrel balderdash Mine Heer, Dutchman has stummed for us there. 1689 Muses Farew. Popery 88 Had a drunken Tom Tinker the Penance receiv'd, Or a Vintner for stumming his Wine, who'd have griev'd? 1775 J. Ash New Dict. Eng. Lang. Stoom, (v.t. with wine coopers), to impregnate wines by putting bags of herbs or other ingredients into them. 1775 J. Ash New Dict. Eng. Lang. Stum (v.t.), to renew wines by raising a fresh fermentation. b. figurative. ΚΠ 1661 C. W. To Worthy Friend in A. Brome Songs & Other Poems sig. A8 There strength of fancy, to it sweetness joynes, Vnmixt with water, nor stum'd with strong lines. 1676 G. Etherege Man of Mode iii. ii. 44 Nature has her cheats, stum's A brain, and puts sophisticate dulness often on the tastless Multitude for true wit and good humour. 1681 J. Oldham Some New Pieces never Publisht 128 As the poor Drunkard, when Wine stums his brains, Anointed with that liquor, thinks he reigns. 1795 E. Burke Let. to W. Elliot 26 May When that sad draught..was dashed and brewed, and ineffectually stummed again into a senatorial exordium in the house of lords. c. to stum up: (perhaps) to set going, work up. rare.The use may be due to some misapprehension. ΚΠ 1817 J. Keats Let. to Haydon 28 Sept. At Bailey's suggestion..we have stummed up a kind of contrivance whereby he will be enabled to do himself the benefits you will lay in his Path. 2. To fumigate (a cask) with burning sulphur, in order to prevent the contained liquor from fermenting; to stop the fermentation of (new wine) by fumigation. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > [verb (transitive)] > fumigate casks match1669 stum1787 1787 J. Croft Treat. Wines Portugal 25 Most of the Spanish Wines are stoomed or matcht, as they term it, with brimstone, which also stops the fermentation. 1789 W. Marshall Rural Econ. Glocestershire II. 358 This expedient is termed ‘stumming the [cider] casks’. 1860 J. E. Worcester Dict. Eng. Lang. ; and in later Dicts. Derivatives stummed adj. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > wine-making > [adjective] > renewed by stum stummed1664 the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > [adjective] > preventing fermentation stummed1837 1664 P. Neil in J. Evelyn Pomona in Sylva 40 [Cider] cannot be unwholsome, upon the same measure that stummed Wine is so. 1666 G. Harvey Morbus Anglicus xxviii. 77 A kind of crude dull stumb'd Burdeaux. 1694 in C. Mackay Coll. Songs London Prentices (1841) 122 All loyal lads of true English race; That scorn the stum'd notion of Spain and France. a1721 M. Prior On Passage in Scaligeriana 2 When you with High-Dutch Heeren dine, Expect false Latin, and stumm'd Wine. 1837 C. Richardson New Dict. Eng. Lang. II Stummed casks are casks fumigated (with brimstone, to prevent the liquor from fermenting). ˈstumming n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > [noun] > preventing fermentation stumming1647 1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 143 This is called stooming of wines. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online September 2021). < n.1664v.1647
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