stovern.¹

/ˈstəʊvə/

Forms: Also 1500s–1600s stoover, stouver, stower.

Etymology: Aphetic variant of estovers n.

Now dialect.

†1. The provision of food (for persons or animals) necessary for a journey or a sojourn. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > supply of food or provisions > [noun] > supply for journey

stoverc1330

wayfooda1382

prog1655

viaticum1665

padkos1848

compo pack1943

baon1956

c1330 Arth. & Merl. 7611 For wonderliche þai weren bliþe Of þe eiȝtte & stouers, Þat þai brouȝt, þo pauteners.

c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 1149 A schip þou bring me tille, Mine harp to play me þare, Stouer ynouȝ to wille To kepe me, son ȝou ȝare.

a1400 K. Alis. 1866 Anon was..Y-charged mony a selcouth beste, Olifauns, and eke camailes, With armure, and eke vitailes;..Assen and muylyn, with heore stoveris.

a1400 Seuyn Sages (W.) 2606 Thai..fond hire that night stouer, And left here alone.

†a. gen. Winter food for cattle. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animal food > [noun] > fodder > winter or summer fodder

stover1557

winter fodder1567

winterage1589

summering1605

wintering meat1606

winter feeda1722

1557 T. Tusser Hundreth Good Pointes Husbandrie sig. B.ii If barne rome will serue, lay thy stoouer vp drye: and eche kinde of strawe, by hitselfe let it lie.

1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) v. f. 62 Dame Ceres..made corne and stouer soft to grow vpon the ground.

1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 353/1 He plowed vp the fieldes that theyr should no stouer be founde to serue their horses.

1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. i. xiii. f. 38/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I The haye of our lowe meddowes is..not so profitable, for stouer and forrage as y^e higher meades be.

1578 T. Tymme tr. J. Calvin Comm. Genesis vi. 22. 189 Noah..had much more businesse and trouble in prouiding stouer and prouinder for beastes themselues.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxiii. xlviii. 506 The corn was..so well grown, that the blade therof yeelded good forage & stouver for the horses.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iv. i. 63 Ceres..Thy Turphie-Mountaines, where liue nibling Sheepe, And flat Medes thetchd with Stouer, them to keepe.

1622 M. Drayton 2nd Pt. Poly-olbion xxv. 108 And others from their Carres, are busily about, To draw out Sedge and Reed, for Thatch and Stouer fit.

1634–5 Irish Act 10 & 11 Chas. I (1678) c. xvii. 474 The..improvident care of the owners, that neither provide fodder, nor stover for them [sc. cattle] in winter, nor [etc.].

1657 S. Purchas Theatre Flying-insects 118 Whereas gloomy cold and close weather, shuts them in and saves stover.

1674 J. Ray S. & E. Country Words Stover: Fodder for cattel, as hay, straw or the like, Ess.

figurative.1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xvi. v. 56 Gathering together certaine forage and stoover (as it were) for to feed his mind [L. quasi pabulum animo..conquirens].

b. spec. In various applications according to locality: Hay made from clover; broken straw, etc. from the threshing-floor; stubble. (See quots.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animal food > [noun] > fodder > hay or straw

hayc825

strawc1000

pease-strawa1325

bean-strawc1386

hard meat1481

quitch?1523

meadow1557

pease-bolt1573

salt hay1648

stover1669

barley-straw1678

marsh hay1728

pea straw1735

chaff1772

long forage1794

bog-hay1799

bhusa1829

peavine hay1846

tibbin1900

slough hay1934

1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ 276 Stover, Straw.

1733 W. Ellis Chiltern & Vale Farming 84 A good Crop of Peas, or other Stover in great Quantities has been taken off.

1733 W. Ellis Chiltern & Vale Farming 381 These Creatures are of prodigious Service in converting Stover to one of the best of Dungs.

1763 Museum Rusticum (ed. 2) I. 191 Neither is the haulm so good, as it will not serve for stover for our cattle in the winter.

1787 W. Marshall Provincialisms in Rural Econ. Norfolk II. 389 Stover, a general term for the different species of fodder arising from thrashed corn, whether it be straw, chaff, or ‘colder’.

1788 W. Marshall Rural Econ. Yorks. II. 45 The stover (that is, the pulls and points of the [rape-] straw broken off in thrashing) is as acceptable to them [sc. cattle] as hay.

1823 E. Moor Suffolk Words 407 Stuvva or Stover, clover made into hay.

1838 H. Colman 1st Rep. Agric. Mass. (Mass. Agric. Surv.) 24 The stover of the Pennsylvania corn..would probably yield from a third to a half more than ours in weight.

1840 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 1 iii. 255 The land not producing then stover sufficient to keep any stock worth mentioning.

1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 302 Stover, or Sturver, haulm, stubble; the second mowing or growth of clover.

1883 C. Wilson in Harper's Mag. Jan. 271/2 The..annual yield of corn stover in its various forms is not less than 120,000,000 tons.

1889 J. J. Hissey Tour in Phaeton 140 At Woodbridge we observed..the notice ‘Stover sold here’.

1894 14th Rep. Vermont State Board Agric. 42 There is more stock food in the stover or stalks of a corn crop, than in the ears.

†3. Used for: ? Reeds. (Cf. quot. 1622 at sense 2a.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > reed or the reed plant > collective or bed of reeds

reedeOE

spirea1250

reed bed1483

reedbeere1585

stover1621

reedlings1830

spire-bed1863

1621 G. Markham Hungers Preuention 9 They loue also..Fennes,..ouer~growne with tall and long rushes, reads, seges, stouer, or any other kinde of Couert.

1638 W. Lisle tr. Heliodorus Hist. i. 7 Where th' ouer-flouds of Nile Fall int' a Dale vnmeatly midward deepe, Though nigh the banks to muddy fen it creepe. This Stouer breeds, which some for pasture take.

1895 W. Rye Gloss. Words E. Anglia Stiver or Stover marsh litter or marsh stuff.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

stovern.²

/ˈstəʊvə/

Etymology: < stove v.¹ + -er suffix¹.

One who stoves.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > worker performing process or spec. task > [noun] > workers performing other tasks or processes

river?c1475

melter1511

sinker1526

folder up1552

wiper1552

scourer1574

heaver1587

stoverc1600

rasper1611

ripper1611

roller1616

smearer1632

waterleadera1650

scooper1668

smiter1670

puncher1681

staker1688

crusher1794

hardener1796

reamer1822

piledriver1826

catcher1832

waterproofer1837

middler1847

culler1850

hanger-on1858

pitcher1865

bumper1871

fine liner1871

bricksetter1883

waxer1890

bottle-oh1898

edger1909

bottle-o-er1915

caster1921

recycler1970

linesperson1973

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > [noun] > cleaning > one who fumigates or disinfects cloth

stover1832

c1600 in Hist. MSS Comm.: Rep. MSS Ld. Middleton (1911) 169 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 5567) XXVII. 1 [Rules to be observed by miners in the coalpits.] This is our master's comandment that all you stovers of the feild shalle make your just account unto your undermen everye nowne and every nyght what you have gett and sould.

1832 B. Thackrah Effects Arts on Health (ed. 2) 58 The Stovers of Woollen Articles are also exposed to the evolution of sulphurous vapour.

1835 A. Ure Philos. Manuf. 400 The stovers, in bleach-works and print-works, hang their cloth in temperatures much above 100° Fahr.

1861 Internat. Exhib. 1862, Alph. Lists Trades 39 Stovers.

1902 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 15 Feb. 380/1 Hatting Operatives... Proofers including ‘stovers’..and ‘steamers’.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online December 2019).

单词	stover
释义	stovern.¹ /ˈstəʊvə/ Forms: Also 1500s–1600s stoover, stouver, stower. Etymology: Aphetic variant of estovers n. Now dialect. †1. The provision of food (for persons or animals) necessary for a journey or a sojourn. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > supply of food or provisions > [noun] > supply for journey stoverc1330 wayfooda1382 prog1655 viaticum1665 padkos1848 compo pack1943 baon1956 c1330 Arth. & Merl. 7611 For wonderliche þai weren bliþe Of þe eiȝtte & stouers, Þat þai brouȝt, þo pauteners. c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 1149 A schip þou bring me tille, Mine harp to play me þare, Stouer ynouȝ to wille To kepe me, son ȝou ȝare. a1400 K. Alis. 1866 Anon was..Y-charged mony a selcouth beste, Olifauns, and eke camailes, With armure, and eke vitailes;..Assen and muylyn, with heore stoveris. a1400 Seuyn Sages (W.) 2606 Thai..fond hire that night stouer, And left here alone. 2. †a. gen. Winter food for cattle. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animal food > [noun] > fodder > winter or summer fodder stover1557 winter fodder1567 winterage1589 summering1605 wintering meat1606 winter feeda1722 1557 T. Tusser Hundreth Good Pointes Husbandrie sig. B.ii If barne rome will serue, lay thy stoouer vp drye: and eche kinde of strawe, by hitselfe let it lie. 1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) v. f. 62 Dame Ceres..made corne and stouer soft to grow vpon the ground. 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 353/1 He plowed vp the fieldes that theyr should no stouer be founde to serue their horses. 1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. i. xiii. f. 38/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I The haye of our lowe meddowes is..not so profitable, for stouer and forrage as y^e higher meades be. 1578 T. Tymme tr. J. Calvin Comm. Genesis vi. 22. 189 Noah..had much more businesse and trouble in prouiding stouer and prouinder for beastes themselues. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxiii. xlviii. 506 The corn was..so well grown, that the blade therof yeelded good forage & stouver for the horses. a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iv. i. 63 Ceres..Thy Turphie-Mountaines, where liue nibling Sheepe, And flat Medes thetchd with Stouer, them to keepe. View more context for this quotation 1622 M. Drayton 2nd Pt. Poly-olbion xxv. 108 And others from their Carres, are busily about, To draw out Sedge and Reed, for Thatch and Stouer fit. 1634–5 Irish Act 10 & 11 Chas. I (1678) c. xvii. 474 The..improvident care of the owners, that neither provide fodder, nor stover for them [sc. cattle] in winter, nor [etc.]. 1657 S. Purchas Theatre Flying-insects 118 Whereas gloomy cold and close weather, shuts them in and saves stover. 1674 J. Ray S. & E. Country Words Stover: Fodder for cattel, as hay, straw or the like, Ess. figurative.1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xvi. v. 56 Gathering together certaine forage and stoover (as it were) for to feed his mind [L. quasi pabulum animo..conquirens]. b. spec. In various applications according to locality: Hay made from clover; broken straw, etc. from the threshing-floor; stubble. (See quots.) ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animal food > [noun] > fodder > hay or straw hayc825 strawc1000 pease-strawa1325 bean-strawc1386 hard meat1481 quitch?1523 meadow1557 pease-bolt1573 salt hay1648 stover1669 barley-straw1678 marsh hay1728 pea straw1735 chaff1772 long forage1794 bog-hay1799 bhusa1829 peavine hay1846 tibbin1900 slough hay1934 1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ 276 Stover, Straw. 1733 W. Ellis Chiltern & Vale Farming 84 A good Crop of Peas, or other Stover in great Quantities has been taken off. 1733 W. Ellis Chiltern & Vale Farming 381 These Creatures are of prodigious Service in converting Stover to one of the best of Dungs. 1763 Museum Rusticum (ed. 2) I. 191 Neither is the haulm so good, as it will not serve for stover for our cattle in the winter. 1787 W. Marshall Provincialisms in Rural Econ. Norfolk II. 389 Stover, a general term for the different species of fodder arising from thrashed corn, whether it be straw, chaff, or ‘colder’. 1788 W. Marshall Rural Econ. Yorks. II. 45 The stover (that is, the pulls and points of the [rape-] straw broken off in thrashing) is as acceptable to them [sc. cattle] as hay. 1823 E. Moor Suffolk Words 407 Stuvva or Stover, clover made into hay. 1838 H. Colman 1st Rep. Agric. Mass. (Mass. Agric. Surv.) 24 The stover of the Pennsylvania corn..would probably yield from a third to a half more than ours in weight. 1840 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 1 iii. 255 The land not producing then stover sufficient to keep any stock worth mentioning. 1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 302 Stover, or Sturver, haulm, stubble; the second mowing or growth of clover. 1883 C. Wilson in Harper's Mag. Jan. 271/2 The..annual yield of corn stover in its various forms is not less than 120,000,000 tons. 1889 J. J. Hissey Tour in Phaeton 140 At Woodbridge we observed..the notice ‘Stover sold here’. 1894 14th Rep. Vermont State Board Agric. 42 There is more stock food in the stover or stalks of a corn crop, than in the ears. †3. Used for: ? Reeds. (Cf. quot. 1622 at sense 2a.) ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > reed or the reed plant > collective or bed of reeds reedeOE spirea1250 reed bed1483 reedbeere1585 stover1621 reedlings1830 spire-bed1863 1621 G. Markham Hungers Preuention 9 They loue also..Fennes,..ouer~growne with tall and long rushes, reads, seges, stouer, or any other kinde of Couert. 1638 W. Lisle tr. Heliodorus Hist. i. 7 Where th' ouer-flouds of Nile Fall int' a Dale vnmeatly midward deepe, Though nigh the banks to muddy fen it creepe. This Stouer breeds, which some for pasture take. 1895 W. Rye Gloss. Words E. Anglia Stiver or Stover marsh litter or marsh stuff. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online March 2022). stovern.² /ˈstəʊvə/ Etymology: < stove v.¹ + -er suffix¹. One who stoves. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > worker performing process or spec. task > [noun] > workers performing other tasks or processes river?c1475 melter1511 sinker1526 folder up1552 wiper1552 scourer1574 heaver1587 stoverc1600 rasper1611 ripper1611 roller1616 smearer1632 waterleadera1650 scooper1668 smiter1670 puncher1681 staker1688 crusher1794 hardener1796 reamer1822 piledriver1826 catcher1832 waterproofer1837 middler1847 culler1850 hanger-on1858 pitcher1865 bumper1871 fine liner1871 bricksetter1883 waxer1890 bottle-oh1898 edger1909 bottle-o-er1915 caster1921 recycler1970 linesperson1973 the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > [noun] > cleaning > one who fumigates or disinfects cloth stover1832 c1600 in Hist. MSS Comm.: Rep. MSS Ld. Middleton (1911) 169 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 5567) XXVII. 1 [Rules to be observed by miners in the coalpits.] This is our master's comandment that all you stovers of the feild shalle make your just account unto your undermen everye nowne and every nyght what you have gett and sould. 1832 B. Thackrah Effects Arts on Health (ed. 2) 58 The Stovers of Woollen Articles are also exposed to the evolution of sulphurous vapour. 1835 A. Ure Philos. Manuf. 400 The stovers, in bleach-works and print-works, hang their cloth in temperatures much above 100° Fahr. 1861 Internat. Exhib. 1862, Alph. Lists Trades 39 Stovers. 1902 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 15 Feb. 380/1 Hatting Operatives... Proofers including ‘stovers’..and ‘steamers’. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online December 2019). † stoverv. Etymology: ? < stover n.¹ Obsolete. intransitive. ? To stand up like stubble, to bristle up. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > vertical position > be vertical [verb (intransitive)] > be or become upright > stiffly prickle?a1400 stover1633 1633 J. Ford Loves Sacrifice ii. sig. D^v Beard be confin'd to neatnesse, that no haire May stouer vp to pricke my mistris lip. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online June 2019). < n.¹c1330n.²c1600v.1633
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stovern.1

stovern.2

† stoverv.

stovern.¹

stovern.²