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单词 bluff
释义

bluffn.1

Brit. /blʌf/, U.S. /bləf/
Etymology: < bluff adj.
1.
a. A cliff or headland with a broad precipitous face. (First used in North America, and still mostly of American landscapes.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > cliff > [noun]
cliffOE
cleoa1300
cleevec1300
rochec1300
clougha1400
heugha1400
brackc1530
clift1567
perpendicular1604
precipice1607
precipe1615
precipit1623
abrupt1624
scar1673
bluff1687
rock wall1755
krantz1785
linn1799
scarp1802
scaur1805
escarpment1815
rock face1820
escarp1856
hag1868
glint1906
scarping1909
stone-cliff1912
ledra1942
1687 in S. Carolina Hist. & Geneal. Mag. (1929) July 131 We landed on a Bluffe where some shads were.
1707 S. Carol. Warrants for Lands (1915) 206 One hundred acres of land on the uppermost bluff.
1737 J. Wesley Observ. on Georgia in Jrnl. (1739) 58 Savannah stands on a flat (Bluff so they term any high-Land hanging over a Creek or River).
1776 L. McIntosh in J. Sparks Corr. Amer. Revol. (1853) I. 150 A bluff or sandhill thirty feet high or more above the water.
1830 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (1850) xv. 211 The..boundaries of the alluvial region..consist of cliffs or bluffs, which on the east side of the Mississippi are very abrupt, and are undermined by the river at many points.
1837 W. Irving Capt. Bonneville (1849) 45 The wild and picturesque bluffs in the neighborhood of his lonely grave.
1846 Ld. Tennyson Golden Year in Poems (ed. 4) II. 91 I heard..the great echo flap And buffet round the hills from bluff to bluff.
1865 A. Geikie Scenery & Geol. Scotl. vii. 188 Bold bluffs, that mark the limits of an ancient shore.
b. attributive.
ΚΠ
1666 in S. Carol. Hist. Soc. Coll. V. 62 The North East side is a bluffe land, rounding from the River.
1768 J. Lees Jrnl. (1911) 33 With rather blowing Weather went round that large Bluff point.
1861–4 Trans. Ilinois Agric. Soc. 5 628 The term loess is applied to a deposit which..has been sometimes called the ‘bluff’ deposit.
1880 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. (ed. 3) 549 The loess... In the Mississippi valley, it covers the ‘Orange sand’, forming with it the ‘Bluff formation’—so called because standing in bluffs in Missouri.
1882 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 42/2 (Kentucky) A homogeneous buff-coloured silicious loam known as the ‘bluff’ or loess formation.
1884 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 309/2 [article Nebraska] These so-called ‘bluff lands’, composed of loess materials.
2. Canadian. A grove or clump of trees.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > wood or assemblage of trees or shrubs > [noun] > thicket, brake, or brush
shaw755
thicketa1000
thyvela1000
greavec1050
wood-shawc1275
boscagec1400
greenwood shawc1405
thickc1430
brakec1440
shaw of wood1462
queach1486
bush1523
tuft1555
bushment1587
bocage1644
cripple1675
virgult1736
bluffc1752
thick-set1766
sylvagea1774
thicket-maze1813
bosk1815
woodlet1821
rush1822
puckerbrush1867
c1752 W. Coats Geogr. Hudson's Bay (1852) 52 Near the same latitude, on the west main, is a bluff of wood, caled Point Mourning, from buriing one of Captain James men there.
1895 Times 13 Sept. 12/3 [Manitoba.] Level or rolling prairie with scattered ‘bluffs’ (small patches of wood) in some districts.
1912 N. L. McClung Black Creek Stopping-House 209 The Fourth came in a glorious day..with birds singing in every poplar bluff.
1959 Country Guide (Winnipeg) Apr. 71/1 The cabin still stood in the bluff above the pass.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

bluffn.2

Etymology: Belongs to bluff v.1: analogically with bridle, bit, blind, cover, either the verb or the noun might come first and give rise to the other; here the accessible evidence is in favour of the priority of the verb, though, in the obscurity of the etymology, certainty is not at present possible.
1. A blinker for a horse. Obsolete or dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [noun] > blinkers
winkers1583
eye-flap1611
spectacle1632
lunettea1656
headboard1679
blinkers1732
bluff1777
blinder1807
bumblea1825
blind1828
blind-winkers1831
1777 Darwin Squinting in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 68 88 Bluffs used on coach-horses.
1881 S. Evans Evans's Leicestershire Words (new ed.) Bluft, anything used to cover the eyes, such as a blinker for a horse, a board fastened in front of the eyes of a bull or cow to prevent its running, the handkerchief used to bandage the eyes in blind-man's-buff, etc.
Categories »
2. slang. ‘An excuse.’ Mayhew London Labour I. 217 (in a list of slang words). ? A false excuse intended to blindfold or hoodwink, a ‘blind’.
3.
a. The action of bluffing at cards, in the game of poker; see bluff v.1 and cf. brag n.1; also = poker n.4 Hence, challenging or boastful language or demeanour, not intended to be carried out, but merely ‘tried on’ with the design of frightening or influencing an opponent who allows himself to be imposed upon by it. (First used in U.S.) So to call one's (or the) bluff (originally U.S.); figurative to make a person show his ‘hand’; so, to accept a challenge or invite a showdown; cf. call v. 20c (b); to run a bluff on (U.S.): to use bluff against or practise deception on (someone).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > trickery, playing jokes > [noun] > false tale
bam1728
bronze1817
canard1843
bluff1846
sleigh-ride1931
blag1962
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > poker > [noun] > actions or tactics
run-off1843
bluff1846
fill1866
call1968
slow-playing1979
slow roll1982
slow-rolling1982
society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > challenge or challenging > challenge [verb (intransitive)] > accept a challenge
to pick up the gauntlet1548
to call one's (or the) bluff1876
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > trickery, playing jokes > practise trickery [verb (intransitive)] > using bluff
to play a game of brag1845
gas1847
bluff1854
to run a bluff on1887
four-flush1896
fluff1902
blag1991
the world > action or operation > undertaking > undertake or set oneself to do [verb (intransitive)] > take up a challenge
to throw one's hat into the ring1822
to call one's (or the) bluff1896
1846 S. F. Smith Theatr. Apprenticeship 148 The game of ‘bluff’ or ‘poker’, as it is more generally called.
1848–60 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms Bluff, a game of cards. [So in Webster 1864.]
1866 Harvard Mem. Biographies I. 400 It is a very magnificent game of Bluff that we are playing.
1876 B. Harte Two Men of Sandy Bar 17 But suppose that he sees that little bluff, and calls ye.
1883 Liverpool Daily Post 22 Jan. The whole is a bluff to influence the..election next week.
1883 Pall Mall Gaz. 3 Nov. 1/1 A bold bit of play in the game of bluff..between St. Petersburg and Sophia.
1884 Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 25 Sept. The offer was only a bluff.
1887 F. Francis Saddle & Mocassin 130 ‘You got the stock, though?’ ‘Oh,—yes! I run a bluff on 'em.’
1891 Chambers's Jrnl. 26 Sept. 618/2 A man may have a big name as a fighting man and yet not be able always to run a bluff on people so easily.
1896 Congress. Rec. 26 Mar. 3248 Where shall we be when the bluff is called?
1898 Times 4 Nov. 3/6 The policy of the Russian Foreign Office..has been a series of prodigious bluffs. Some of these Lord Salisbury has seen fit to ‘call’; others he has refrained from ‘calling’.
1910 N.Y. Evening Post 31 Mar. The Canadians..regarded it as a bluff; and if they did not actually call the bluff, they came as near doing so as could be done.
1933 Discovery Sept. 282/2 The childish questioner will very quickly call our bluff.
b. attributive as bluff game.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > other types of game > [noun] > bluffing
bluff game1846
1846 J. J. Hooper Some Adventures Simon Suggs x. 129 ‘No!’ said Simon.., ‘the bluff game ain't played here!’
1888 St. Louis Globe Democrat 29 Apr. (Farmer) They..thought he could outnumber them. It was a bluff game, and he won.
4. A bluffer. U.S.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > trickery, playing jokes > [noun] > practitioner > who bluffs
screamer1831
blagueur1883
bluff1904
four-flusher1904
sprucer1917
1904 S. E. White Blazed Trail Stories ii. 27 ‘You're a bluff!’ said he, insultingly.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

bluffadj.

Brit. /blʌf/, U.S. /bləf/
Forms: Also 1600s rarely blough.
Etymology: A nautical word of uncertain origin: it has been compared with an obsolete Dutch blaf (given by Kilian 1599, in blaf aensicht broad flat face, blaf van vorhoofd, rendered by Latin fronto ‘having a broad forehead’). This appears to be identical in sense with the English word; but, outside Kilian, nothing is known of it.
1. Presenting a broad flattened front; esp.
a. Of a ship: Opposed to sharp or projecting, having little ‘rake’ or inclination, nearly vertical in the bows.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel of specific construction or shape > [adjective] > having a prow > having specific type of bow or prow
bluff1627
bowed1747
bold1793
spurred1805
bluff-bowed1833
fiddle-headed1851
bluff-headed1867
figure-headless1877
spoon-bowed1900
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ii. 4 If her stem [printed sterne] be vpright as it were, she is called Bluffe, or Bluffe-headed.
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. xi. 55 If shee haue but a small Rake, she is so bluffe that the Seas meets her..suddenly.
1674 W. Petty Disc. before Royal Soc. 29 The chief cause, why short, bluff, undermasted Vessels sail cheaper than others.
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine at Bow The former..is called by seamen a lean, and the latter a bluff bow.
1861 G. F. Berkeley Eng. Sportsman ix. 149 The steamer brings her bluff bows alongside.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Lean, used in the same sense as clean or sharp; the reverse of full or bluff in the form of a ship.
1873 Brit. Q. Rev. Jan. Shorter and bluffer, but handier ships.
b. Of a shore or coastline: ‘Presenting a bold and almost perpendicular front, rather rounded than cliffy in outline.’ Smyth Sailor's Word-bk.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > cliff > [adjective]
cliffyOE
scarrya1382
clivy1587
cliffed1589
clifty1589
cleevy1612
bluff1694
bold1810
rock-faced1840
bluffy1872
the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > seashore or coast > [adjective] > type of
embenched1599
bolda1665
bluff1694
sanded1702
steep-to1748
iron-bound1769
crenulate1919
weed1940
1694 R. Franck Northern Mem. 140 The pleasant Banks of Ilay..where..the Water runs most on a level, and the Banks very blough.
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms Côte en écore, a bluff or bold shore.
1778 J. Cook Jrnl. 18 June (1967) III. i. 384 An elevated bluf Point called Rocks Point.
1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Odyssey in Iliad & Odyssey II. v. 486 The rude coast a headland bluff Presented.
1849 R. I. Murchison Siluria vii. 129 This rock frequently forms bluff cliffs.
1872 J. D. Dana Corals & Coral Islands ii. 144 Every variety of slope, from the gradually inclined bed of corals to the bluff declivity.
†c. Of a broad face or forehead of people or animals. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > forehead > [adjective] > types of
brentc1400
high?c1450
steep1509
high-browed?1614
broad-fronteda1616
bluff1665
low-browed1734
lofty1798
baby-browed1843
bluff-browed1851
beautiful-browed1913
1665 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 12 The head pretty bluff, and full of bumps on both sides.
1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther iii. 137 A son of Anach for his height..Black-brow'd, and bluff, like Homer's Jupiter. [Cf. sense 2.]
†d. transferred. to stand bluff: to stand firm or stiff. ? Obsolete.
ΚΠ
a1816 R. B. Sheridan School for Scandal (rev. ed.) ii. iii, in Wks. (1821) II. 55 That he should have stood bluff to old bachelor so long, and sink into a husband at last.
e. Of other objects: see quots.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > bluntness > [adjective] > made blunt > shaped as if
curtailed1575
bluff?1637
stump1676
?1637 Trav. P. Mundy (MS. Rawl. A. 315) Peeces of wood..bluffe or blunt att both ends.
1920 Discovery Mar. 78/1 The streamline form for a kite balloon is rather bluff..and short compared with an airship.
1949 O. G. Sutton Sci. of Flight ii. 48 Bodies which have sharply truncated tails (such as a shell) leave behind them a large disorderly wake and have large form drag. Such shapes are called bluff bodies.
2. figurative. Of persons and their manner, actions, etc.:
a. in an unfavourable sense: ‘Big, surly, blustering’ (Johnson); toned down in later use into ‘rough, abrupt, blunt’, and so into 2b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > discourtesy > [adjective] > curt or brusque
short1390
cutted1530
snappish1542
abrupt1578
stunt1581
blunt1590
brusquea1639
snapping1642
blatec1650
brisk1665
bluff1705
offhand1708
prerupt1727
squab1737
prompt1768
crisp1814
brief1818
stuntya1825
curt1831
snappy1834
bluffy1844
nebby1873
offhandish1886
nebsy1894
1705 S. Centlivre Gamester i. i. 10 As bluff as a Midnight Constable.
1742 Polit. Ballads (1860) II. 278 Cock your great hat, strut, bounce, and look bluff.
a1745 J. Swift Dan Jackson's Reply in Wks. (1755) IV. i. 259 I maul'd you, when you look'd so bluff.
1762 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting I. iv. 82 That capital picture..of Henry VIII... The character of his majesty's bluff haughtiness is well represented.
1788 H. Walpole Reminiscences (1924) vii. 55 A bluff Westphalian accent.
1829 I. Taylor Nat. Hist. Enthusiasm ix. 241 Martial arrogance..fanatical zeal, and..bluff devotion.
1848 E. Bulwer-Lytton Harold II. vi. vii. 149 Finally wound up with a bluff—‘Go, or let alone.’
b. Good-naturedly blunt, frank, or plain-spoken; rough and hearty; usually giving the notion of personal power or energy exhibiting itself in an abrupt but good-natured way. (Perhaps the shifting of sense is due to the notion attached to the designation ‘Bluff King Hal’: cf. quot. 1762 at sense 2a.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > sincerity, freedom from deceit > [adjective] > frank, candid
free-hearteda1398
plain-dealing1567
plain-spoken1582
broad1588
free-spoken1606
free1611
unminced1648
unreserved1654
candid1675
above boarda1695
unmanaged1749
unprevaricating?1782
plain-speaking1787
loud-mouthing1788
bluff1808
outspoken1808
unglossing1827
straightforward1829
unwithholdinga1834
open-spoken1852
heart-to-heart1855
blunt-spoken1877
straight1894
1808 W. Scott Marmion vi. xxxix. 376 That bluff King Hal the curtain drew.
1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. ii. 52 I greatly misdoubt the safety of the bluff priest.
1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. II. 370 A bluff but not unpleasant countenance.
1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pelham I. xxxvi. 322 A bluff, hearty, radical wine-merchant.
1863 A. W. Kinglake Invasion of Crimea II. iii. 85 The potentate dealt with England in a bluff, kingly, Tudor-like way.
1865 Sat. Rev. 5 Aug. 181/1 Typical of bluff downright honesty.

Compounds

bluff-bowed, bluff-browed, bluff-chested, bluff-headed (see sense 1a); bluff-head n. a bluff headland, the top of a bluff; also figurative as a term of contempt (cf. blockhead n.).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupid, foolish, or inadequate person > stupid person, dolt, blockhead > [noun]
asseOE
sotc1000
beastc1225
long-ear?a1300
stock1303
buzzard1377
mis-feelinga1382
dasarta1400
stonea1400
dasiberd14..
dottlec1400
doddypoll1401
dastardc1440
dotterel1440
dullardc1440
wantwit1449
jobardc1475
nollc1475
assheada1500
mulea1500
dull-pate15..
peak1509
dulbert?a1513
doddy-patec1525
noddypolla1529
hammer-head1532
dull-head?1534
capon1542
dolt1543
blockhead1549
cod's head1549
mome1550
grout-head1551
gander1553
skit-brains?1553
blocka1556
calfa1556
tomfool1565
dunce1567
druggard1569
cobble1570
dummel1570
Essex calf1573
jolthead1573
hardhead1576
beetle-head1577
dor-head1577
groutnoll1578
grosshead1580
thickskin1582
noddyship?1589
jobbernowl1592
beetle-brain1593
Dorbel1593
oatmeal-groat1594
loggerhead1595
block-pate1598
cittern-head1598
noddypoop1598
dorbellist1599
numps1599
dor1601
stump1602
ram-head1605
look-like-a-goose1606
ruff1606
clod1607
turf1607
asinego1609
clot-poll1609
doddiea1611
druggle1611
duncecomb1612
ox-head1613
clod-polla1616
dulman1615
jolterhead1620
bullhead1624
dunderwhelpa1625
dunderhead1630
macaroona1631
clod-patea1635
clota1637
dildo1638
clot-pate1640
stupid1640
clod-head1644
stub1644
simpletonian1652
bottle-head1654
Bœotiana1657
vappe1657
lackwit1668
cudden1673
plant-animal1673
dolt-head1679
cabbage head1682
put1688
a piece of wood1691
ouphe1694
dunderpate1697
numbskull1697
leather-head1699
nocky1699
Tom Cony1699
mopus1700
bluff-head1703
clod skull1707
dunny1709
dowf1722
stupe1722
gamphrel1729
gobbin?1746
duncehead1749
half-wit1755
thick-skull1755
jackass1756
woollen-head1756
numbhead1757
beef-head1775
granny1776
stupid-head1792
stunpolla1794
timber-head1794
wether heada1796
dummy1796
noghead1800
staumrel1802
muttonhead1803
num1807
dummkopf1809
tumphya1813
cod's head and shoulders1820
stoopid1823
thick-head1824
gype1825
stob1825
stookiea1828
woodenhead1831
ning-nong1832
log-head1834
fat-head1835
dunderheadism1836
turnip1837
mudhead1838
donkey1840
stupex1843
cabbage1844
morepork1845
lubber-head1847
slowpoke1847
stupiditarian1850
pudding-head1851
cod's head and shoulders1852
putty head1853
moke1855
mullet-head1855
pothead1855
mug1857
thick1857
boodle1862
meathead1863
missing link1863
half-baked1866
lunk1867
turnip-head1869
rummy1872
pumpkin-head1876
tattie1879
chump1883
dully1883
cretin1884
lunkhead1884
mopstick1886
dumbhead1887
peanut head1891
pie-face1891
doughbakea1895
butt-head1896
pinhead1896
cheesehead1900
nyamps1900
box head1902
bonehead1903
chickenhead1903
thickwit1904
cluck1906
boob1907
John1908
mooch1910
nitwit1910
dikkop1913
goop1914
goofus1916
rumdum1916
bone dome1917
moron1917
oik1917
jabroni1919
dumb-bell1920
knob1920
goon1921
dimwit1922
ivory dome1923
stone jug1923
dingleberry1924
gimp1924
bird brain1926
jughead1926
cloth-head1927
dumb1928
gazook1928
mouldwarp1928
ding-dong1929
stupido1929
mook1930
sparrow-brain1930
knobhead1931
dip1932
drip1932
epsilon1932
bohunkus1933
Nimrod1933
dumbass1934
zombie1936
pea-brain1938
knot-head1940
schlump1941
jarhead1942
Joe Soap1943
knuckle-head1944
nong1944
lame-brain1945
gobshite1946
rock-head1947
potato head1948
jerko1949
turkey1951
momo1953
poop-head1955
a right one1958
bam1959
nong-nong1959
dickhead1960
dumbo1960
Herbert1960
lamer1961
bampot1962
dipshit1963
bamstick1965
doofus1965
dick1966
pillock1967
zipperhead1967
dipstick1968
thickie1968
poephol1969
yo-yo1970
doof1971
cockhead1972
nully1973
thicko1976
wazzock1976
motorhead1979
mouth-breather1979
no-brainer1979
jerkwad1980
woodentop1981
dickwad1983
dough ball1983
dickweed1984
bawheid1985
numpty1985
jerkweed1988
dick-sucker1989
knob-end1989
Muppet1989
dingus1997
dicksack1999
eight ball-
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > cliff > [noun] > edge of
edgec1400
precipice1607
verge1624
bluff-head1703
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel of specific construction or shape > [adjective] > having a prow > having specific type of bow or prow
bluff1627
bowed1747
bold1793
spurred1805
bluff-bowed1833
fiddle-headed1851
bluff-headed1867
figure-headless1877
spoon-bowed1900
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > forehead > [adjective] > types of
brentc1400
high?c1450
steep1509
high-browed?1614
broad-fronteda1616
bluff1665
low-browed1734
lofty1798
baby-browed1843
bluff-browed1851
beautiful-browed1913
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > front > [adjective] > chest > types of
big-chested1594
broad-breasted1647
broad-chesteda1661
open-chested1823
bluff-chested1851
barrel-chested1961
1703 W. Dampier Voy. New Holland iii. 137 When we came abreast of the Bluff-head..we had but 7 Fathom.
1794 J. O'Keeffe Wild Oats (new ed.) i. i. 2 How dare you sit in my presence, you bluff head?
1823 Ld. Byron Island ii. xxi. 44 From the bluff-head..I saw her in the doldrums.
1833 T. Hook Parson's Daughter III. vii. 176 As short and as bluff-bowed as a collier, or as sharp and as choppy as a wedge.
1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick xlii. 211 When Adam walked..bluff-bowed and fearless.
1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick xlii. 210 Milk-white charger..small-headed, bluff-chested.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Bluff-headed, when a ship has but a small rake forward on, being built with her stem too straight up.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

bluffv.1

Etymology: Immediately related to bluff n.2 ‘a blinker for a horse’, which, as it appears later than the verb, was presumably named from it, though the reverse is also possible. The etymology is quite unknown: the meaning ‘blindfold, hoodwink’ does not appear to have any possible connection with bluff adj. or bluff n.2; the word is probably one of the numerous cant terms (see bam v., bamboozle v.) which arose between the Restoration and the reign of Queen Anne. Sense 2 had certainly originally the same meaning; but it looks as if recent users imagined a connection with bluff adj. or bluff n.2, and made it mean ‘to blindfold or hoodwink by assuming a fictitious bold front’.
1. transitive. ‘To blind-fold or hood-wink’. Bailey.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > not seeing or preventing from seeing > prevent from seeing [verb (transitive)] > blindfold or cover eyes
blindfold?c1225
to stop (a person's) eyes or sightc1380
enclose1477
silec1500
hoodwink1562
muffle1573
scarf1598
bluff1673
to seal (a person's) eyes or ears1700
bonnet1828
blink1846
occlude1921
1673 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 6 Bluffe, to blindfold.
1706 in Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.)
1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. [so in all edd. to 1800. Not in Johnson, nor in Ash.]
1881 S. Evans Evans's Leicestershire Words (new ed.) at Bluft ‘Ah'm glad yew'n got that theer bull o' yourn blufted.’
2. In the game of poker: To impose upon (an opponent) as to the value of one's hand of cards, by betting heavily upon it, speaking or gesticulating or otherwise acting in such a way as to make believe that it is stronger than it is, so as to induce him to ‘throw up’ his cards and lose his stake, rather than run the risk of betting against the bluffer. (Of U.S. origin.) Hence, transferred of other wagering, political tactics, international diplomacy, etc. to bluff off: to frighten off or deter (an opponent) by thus imposing upon him as to one's resources and determination.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of being intimidating > intimidate or bully [verb (transitive)] > deter
fearc1380
abster1542
deter1578
affright1579
to bluff off1846
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > poker > [verb (transitive)] > actions or tactics
see1804
to make good1821
call1840
bluff1846
straddle1864
fill1865
to cash in1884
stack1896
slow-play1967
slow-roll1996
1846 S. F. Smith Theatr. Apprenticeship 149 Inasmuch as I believe you only trying to bluff me off, I go two hundred.
a1859 N.Y. Spirit of Times ‘I goes you five dollars this time,’ says Jim... ‘I..goes you ten better,’ said Bill; ‘you ain't agoin' to bluff dis child.’
1864 G. A. Sala in Daily Tel. 29 Sept. How can you hope to ‘bluff’ those who are such consummate masters of the game of brag?
1871 Daily News 4 Jan. The great point..is the shutting in of Paris, and the ‘bluffing off’ of France.
1885 N. York Weekly Sun 13 May 2/7 He went his whole heart, soul, and pocket on three aces and was bluffed by his opponent with a pair of trays.
3. intransitive. To practise or attempt the imposition described in sense 2; to assume a bold, big, or boastful demeanour, in order to inspire an opponent with an exaggerated notion of one's strength, determination to fight, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > trickery, playing jokes > practise trickery [verb (intransitive)] > using bluff
to play a game of brag1845
gas1847
bluff1854
to run a bluff on1887
four-flush1896
fluff1902
blag1991
1854 Congress. Globe 3 May 1070 We both know how that game [of brag] is played. I thought I would bluff back on him.
1882 Sat. Rev. 1 July 4 Nor is a Government always to be reproached because when it bluffs it fails. Sometimes a great country is entitled to take the benefit of ancient policy of courage, and to see what effect it can produce by the mere terror of its name.
1883 Longman's Mag. Sept. 498 By sheer bluffing—in other words, by lying.
1884 St. James's Gaz. 12 Jan. 4/1 There seems little reason for one party to keep on ‘bluffing’ when the other party has ‘called’.

Derivatives

ˈbluffable adj. capable of being imposed upon or influenced by bluffing.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > duping, making a fool of > [adjective] > gullible
weak1423
simple-minded1556
gullish1598
soft1621
cheatable1647
miscarriageablea1656
bubbleable1668
imposablea1734
cullible1811
gullable1817
humbuggable1819
gullible1825
dupable1833
pigeonable1844
fleeceable1868
bluffable1885
hoodwinkable1889
yobbish1910
mug1922
1885 Sat. Rev. 30 May The whole thing is..a game of bluff against a player who is known to be bluffable.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2019).

bluffv.2

Etymology: ? Onomatopoeic, associated with blow , puff . According to Halliwell, ‘A tin tube through which boys blow peas is in Suffolk called a “bluff”.’ Compare blought adj., bloughty adj.
Obsolete or dialect.
intransitive. To swell out, become distended.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (intransitive)] > distend
distend1667
bluffa1722
extend1753
to fill out1851
a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1757) 483 Pigs would bluff & swell much with their feeding the first six or seven days.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

bluffv.3

Etymology: < bluff adj.
rare.
transitive. To make bluff, raise bluffly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > vertical position > make vertical [verb (transitive)] > make sheer
bluff1807
1807 J. Barlow Columbiad i. 51 Where dread Niagara bluffs high his brow.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online September 2018).
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n.11666n.21777adj.1627v.11673v.2a1722v.31807
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