stratifiedadj.

Brit.

/ˈstratᵻfʌɪd/, U.S.

/ˈstrædəˌfaɪd/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: stratify v.¹, -ed suffix¹.

Etymology: < stratify v.¹ + -ed suffix¹, partly after stratification n. and stratum n.In sense 1e after French stratifié (1880 in this sense: F. A. Forel, in Bibliothèque univ.: Arch. des sci. physiques et nat. IV. 94).

1. Arranged in strata or layers.

a. Geology and Archaeology. Designating rock, sediment, remains, etc., that show stratification or are deposited in strata. Also, of a fossil or artefact: used to date a stratum, or identified as belonging to a particular stratum.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [adjective] > of or belonging to a stratum > stratified

stratified1776

stratiform1791

stratiformed1811

conformable1815

1776 R. E. Raspe in tr. J. J. Ferber Trav. Italy Pref. p. xxix The stratified limestone..consists of decayed and dissolved corals and sea-shells.

1802 J. Playfair Illustr. Huttonian Theory 65 In the view now given of metallic veins they have been considered as traversing only the stratified parts of the globe.

1854 H. Miller Schools & Schoolmasters (1860) xxi. 228 The deposit..consists..of alternate beds of limestone, sandstone and stratified clay.

1897 G. P. Merrill Treat. Rocks 34 The term massive is applied to such igneous rocks as show no sign of bedding or stratification, while limestones, sandstones, and such other rocks as are arranged in more or less parallel layers are described as stratified.

1900 Pilot 28 Apr. 256/2 The mound from its great height must represent a series of stratified ruins.

1965 P. Salway Frontier People of Rom. Brit. iii. iv. 118 There was no securely stratified pottery associated with the re-occupation after the second fire.

2012 N. Rutter et al. Glaciations in N. & S. Amer. Introd. p. xii Glacial records are interpreted from sequences of till and stratified glacial sediments and erosional surfaces.

b. Chiefly Biology and Medicine. Designating a tissue or substance that has a layered structure, or is composed of layers with differing properties.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > substance > [adjective] > layered

stratified1799

stratiform1809

1799 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 89 319 The animals which inhabit these stratified shells, increase their habitation by the addition of a stratum of carbonate of lime.

1809 J. Kidd Outl. Mineral. I. 38 The calcareous incrustation..is of a stratified appearance.

1866 S. Parkinson Treat. Optics (ed. 2) i. vi. 106 In this way the law of variation of density of a stratified medium may be expressed.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 360 The internal surface [of the œsophagus] is covered with stratified squamous epithelium.

1968 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 18 Apr. 907/1 ‘Precancer’—that is, stratified, hyperchromatic and irregular nuclei with many mitotic figures, [etc.].

2006 L. Collier & J. Oxford Human Virol. (ed. 3) xv. 123/1 The papillomaviruses..can multiply only in proliferating stratified squamous epithelium, which cannot be grown as conventional cell cultures.

†c. Placed in alternate layers with something else; spec. designating the layers of a solid fuel such as coal alternating with layers a substance to be treated by heat. Cf. stratification n. 1a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > a layer > [adjective] > alternate

stratified1801

stratiformed1811

1801 B. Higgins Observ. Improvem. Manuf. Muscovado Sugar & Rum iii. vi. 56 The lime..is prepared by burning in the stratified field pile.

1815 Monthly Mag. Aug. 52/2 Moderating the pressure, by interposing hard substances between the stratified copper and the containing substance.

1855 J. Scoffern in Orr's Circle Sci.: Elem. Chem. 490 The stratified copper leaves..are taken out.

d. Botany. Of seeds: subjected to treatment by stratification (stratification n. 1b) for the purpose of preserving them, or (typically) to promote germination.

ΚΠ

1822 New Monthly Mag. 6 21/2 lt consists of 84 cases, containing 600 living plants... two cases containing stratified seeds in earth, [etc.]

1899 Bristol Mercury 3 Jan. 2/4 Some gardeners prefer to bury the stratified seeds until the following spring.

1948 Woody Plant Seed Man. (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 292/2 Germination was not as rapid as with stratified seed.

1993 TLC for Plants Spring 19 Stratified ginseng seed is available in the autumn from Richter's Seeds.

2015 Cumberland (Maryland) Times-News (Nexis) 9 Dec. Once the stratified seed grows into a berry, it takes 18 months to germinate.

e. Of a volume of gas (esp. the atmosphere) or of liquid (esp. a body of water): exhibiting stratification (stratification n. 3).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > lake > [adjective] > stratification according to temperature

stratified1835

hypolimnetic1928

hypolimnial1940

metalimnetic1941

oligomictic1956

polymictic1956

metalimnic1972

1835 Rep. Select Comm. Accidents in Mines 175 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 603) V. 1 Instead of finding the air stratified with the gas above and the air below, we find it one regular mixture from top to bottom.

1881 Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 21 66 In summer the return current takes place at no great depth, because then the water is stratified according to its temperature.

1910 E. M. Wedderburn in J. Murray & L. Pullar Bathymetrical Surv. Sc. Fresh-Water Lochs I. 104 As winter draws on the lake becomes thermally stratified.

1956 Proc. Royal Soc. A 234 i Predictions are made of the height to which smoke plumes from typical sources of heat should rise in a still, stably stratified atmosphere under various conditions.

1980 G. E. Fogg in R. S. K. Barnes & K. H. Mann Fund. Aquatic Ecosystem ii. 37 Sometimes lakes are permanently stratified, as for example in tropical regions.

2000 C. D. Whiteman Mountain Meteorol. x. 148 (caption) Stably stratified air that is lifted over mountains oscillates about its equilibrium level on the lee side of the mountain, producing waves.

2006 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) Nov. 59/1 During the summer months, when the water column became stratified, oxygen levels, particularly near the seabed, began to fall.

f. Of an electrical discharge in a tube or column of rarefied gas: exhibiting a series of luminous striations separated by dark regions. Cf. stratification n. 7.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > discharge of electricity > [adjective] > exhibiting striae

striated1852

stratified1857

1857 Rep. 26th Meeting Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1856 Notes & Abstr. 10 (heading) On the Stratified Appearance of the Electrical Discharge. By W. R. Grove.

1866 J. P. Gassiot in Rep. 35th Meeting Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1865 15 (title of article) On the Change of Form and Colour which the Stratified Discharge assumes when a Varied Resistance is introduced in the Circuit of an Extended Series of the Voltaic Battery.

1908 C. S. Gager Effects Rays Radium Plants i. 1 Grove observed the stratified discharge through very rare gases.

1972 Vacuum 22 164/1 Systematic probe measurements of electron energy distributions in the stratified column of a glow discharge in hydrogen..were performed.

2013 tr. H.-J. Zillmer Energy Mistake iii. 95 The colours of the stratified column or the negative glow light are in characteristic colours depending on the type of gas.

g. Of a society or culture: divided into levels or classes based on social status, education, or income. Cf. stratification n. 6.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > [adjective] > relating to or exhibiting division into classes

stratified1871

status1938

stratificational1942

1871 N. Amer. Rev. Apr. 292 In a stratified society, where the rulers and the ruled do not freely mix, they cannot well understand each other.

1897 Bp. Creighton in Daily News 22 Jan. 6/5 Its methods had been found effective in a younger country less stratified than our own.

1927 P. A. Sorokin Social Mobility ii. 11 If the economic status of the members of a society is unequal, if among them there are both wealthy and poor, the society is economically stratified.

1960 V. Packard Status Seekers xxii. 325 Life is said to be more stable and serene in clearly stratified societies.

2006 A. D. Blechman Pigeons xi. 197 The upper echelons of England's stratified social hierarchy politely refer to pigeon racing as a ‘cloth cap’ sport.

2. Statistics. Designating a method of sampling in which a sample from a heterogeneous population is obtained by dividing the population into homogeneous subgroups and taking a sample from each, or a population sample obtained by this method. Cf. stratified sampling n. at Compounds, stratification n. 9.Quot. 1920 implies earlier use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [adjective] > relating to sample

consistent1925

stratified1927

multistage1944

1920 A. L. Bowley Elements Statistics (ed. 4) II. iv. 333 In a non-stratified selection we should have had σ = ·0141.]

1927 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. 90 373 The important case of stratified sampling is indeed given, but is not connected with any general outline of the very fundamental analysis of variation.

1956 B.B.C. Handbk. 1957 104 Technically speaking, the sample used is a stratified quota sample.

1975 Med. Care 13 398/2 A stratified sample was selected consisting of 50 seasoned clinicians in general practice and 30 house staff.

2002 B. Wrenn et al. Marketing Res. vii. 164 The most commonly used probability samples are simple random samples, stratified samples, cluster samples, and systemic samples.

Compounds

stratified charge n. (in an internal combustion engine) a non-homogeneous mixture of air and fuel, in which a richer fuel is provided for ignition and a leaner one for combustion, often achieved by having a side chamber in each cylinder into which the mixture for ignition is introduced; frequently attributive.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > material for igniting > [noun] > in an internal-combustion engine

stratified charge1886

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > [noun] > fuel or air mixture

stratified charge1886

compression1887

stratification1914

swirl1926

secondary air1931

squish1934

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > [adjective] > fuel or air mixture

rich1882

stratified charge1886

supercharged1910

weak1918

swirl1926

blown1934

squish1957

unblown1959

1886 D. Clerk Gas Engine x. 251 Mr. Otto's engine is economical because it uses a heterogeneous or stratified charge, which is consequently non-explosive.

1931 D. R. Pye Internal Combustion Engine vi. 148 (caption) Thermal efficiencies obtainable at weak petrol-air mixtures with ‘stratified charge’ operation.

1953 H. R. Ricardo High-speed Internal-combustion Engine (ed. 4) xviii. 366 Two alternative schemes were tried:..(2) The use of a stratified charge in which the mixture immediately in the zone of the sparking-plug is very much richer than that in the main body of the combustion space.

1981 Sci. Amer. May 45/1 Direct-injection stratified-charge engines have efficiency advantages comparable to those of the diesel.

2015 K. Reif Gasoline Engine Managem. 23/1 Stratified-charge operation effectively banishes the danger of engine knock.

stratified sampling n. Statistics a method of sampling in which a sample from a heterogeneous population is obtained by dividing the population into homogeneous subgroups and taking a sample from each; cf. stratification n. 9.Stratified sampling is typically employed in order ensure that the sample obtained is representative of the population and to limit the effect of sampling error.

ΚΠ

1927 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. 90 373 The important case of stratified sampling is indeed given, but is not connected with any general outline of the very fundamental analysis of variation.

1955 Amer. Sociol. Rev. 20 701/1 This paper presents the results obtained from two distinct studies. Test No. 1 was a limited experiment based upon stratified sampling.

2008 D. J. Hand Statistics: Very Short Introd. iii. 53 This procedure is known as stratified sampling, since it divides the overall population listed in the sampling frame into strata.

stratified medicine n. medical care designed to optimize treatment by identifying subgroups of patients with similar disease profiles or drug responses; personalized medicine.

ΚΠ

2007 L. Olsen et al. Learning Healthcare Syst. viii. 301 Evolving knowledge around the molecular nature of disease leading to personalized, or stratified, medicine may provide an answer here.

2011 South Wales Echo (Nexis) 21 Nov. 10 Two city hospitals will recruit patients to the stratified medicine programme, which will pave the way for more personalised and targeted cancer drugs to be developed.

2014 S. K. Mahil et al. in A. Menter & C. E. M. Grrifiths Psoriasis 7/1 Through advances in genetic research, stratified medicine is now a realistic goal.

stratified random sampling n. Statistics = stratified sampling n.

ΚΠ

1934 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. 97 588 The only method which can be advised for general use is the method of stratified random sampling.

1958 Educ. Res. Bull. 37 30 We selected by means of stratified random sampling forty-two school systems in nineteen counties.

2006 F. Green Demanding Work 185 Stratified random sampling was used to select households from sectors drawn from the Postal Address File.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	stratified
释义	stratifiedadj. Brit. /ˈstratᵻfʌɪd/, U.S. /ˈstrædəˌfaɪd/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: stratify v.¹, -ed suffix¹. Etymology: < stratify v.¹ + -ed suffix¹, partly after stratification n. and stratum n.In sense 1e after French stratifié (1880 in this sense: F. A. Forel, in Bibliothèque univ.: Arch. des sci. physiques et nat. IV. 94). 1. Arranged in strata or layers. a. Geology and Archaeology. Designating rock, sediment, remains, etc., that show stratification or are deposited in strata. Also, of a fossil or artefact: used to date a stratum, or identified as belonging to a particular stratum. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [adjective] > of or belonging to a stratum > stratified stratified1776 stratiform1791 stratiformed1811 conformable1815 1776 R. E. Raspe in tr. J. J. Ferber Trav. Italy Pref. p. xxix The stratified limestone..consists of decayed and dissolved corals and sea-shells. 1802 J. Playfair Illustr. Huttonian Theory 65 In the view now given of metallic veins they have been considered as traversing only the stratified parts of the globe. 1854 H. Miller Schools & Schoolmasters (1860) xxi. 228 The deposit..consists..of alternate beds of limestone, sandstone and stratified clay. 1897 G. P. Merrill Treat. Rocks 34 The term massive is applied to such igneous rocks as show no sign of bedding or stratification, while limestones, sandstones, and such other rocks as are arranged in more or less parallel layers are described as stratified. 1900 Pilot 28 Apr. 256/2 The mound from its great height must represent a series of stratified ruins. 1965 P. Salway Frontier People of Rom. Brit. iii. iv. 118 There was no securely stratified pottery associated with the re-occupation after the second fire. 2012 N. Rutter et al. Glaciations in N. & S. Amer. Introd. p. xii Glacial records are interpreted from sequences of till and stratified glacial sediments and erosional surfaces. b. Chiefly Biology and Medicine. Designating a tissue or substance that has a layered structure, or is composed of layers with differing properties. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > substance > [adjective] > layered stratified1799 stratiform1809 1799 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 89 319 The animals which inhabit these stratified shells, increase their habitation by the addition of a stratum of carbonate of lime. 1809 J. Kidd Outl. Mineral. I. 38 The calcareous incrustation..is of a stratified appearance. 1866 S. Parkinson Treat. Optics (ed. 2) i. vi. 106 In this way the law of variation of density of a stratified medium may be expressed. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 360 The internal surface [of the œsophagus] is covered with stratified squamous epithelium. 1968 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 18 Apr. 907/1 ‘Precancer’—that is, stratified, hyperchromatic and irregular nuclei with many mitotic figures, [etc.]. 2006 L. Collier & J. Oxford Human Virol. (ed. 3) xv. 123/1 The papillomaviruses..can multiply only in proliferating stratified squamous epithelium, which cannot be grown as conventional cell cultures. †c. Placed in alternate layers with something else; spec. designating the layers of a solid fuel such as coal alternating with layers a substance to be treated by heat. Cf. stratification n. 1a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > a layer > [adjective] > alternate stratified1801 stratiformed1811 1801 B. Higgins Observ. Improvem. Manuf. Muscovado Sugar & Rum iii. vi. 56 The lime..is prepared by burning in the stratified field pile. 1815 Monthly Mag. Aug. 52/2 Moderating the pressure, by interposing hard substances between the stratified copper and the containing substance. 1855 J. Scoffern in Orr's Circle Sci.: Elem. Chem. 490 The stratified copper leaves..are taken out. d. Botany. Of seeds: subjected to treatment by stratification (stratification n. 1b) for the purpose of preserving them, or (typically) to promote germination. ΚΠ 1822 New Monthly Mag. 6 21/2 lt consists of 84 cases, containing 600 living plants... two cases containing stratified seeds in earth, [etc.] 1899 Bristol Mercury 3 Jan. 2/4 Some gardeners prefer to bury the stratified seeds until the following spring. 1948 Woody Plant Seed Man. (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 292/2 Germination was not as rapid as with stratified seed. 1993 TLC for Plants Spring 19 Stratified ginseng seed is available in the autumn from Richter's Seeds. 2015 Cumberland (Maryland) Times-News (Nexis) 9 Dec. Once the stratified seed grows into a berry, it takes 18 months to germinate. e. Of a volume of gas (esp. the atmosphere) or of liquid (esp. a body of water): exhibiting stratification (stratification n. 3). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > lake > [adjective] > stratification according to temperature stratified1835 hypolimnetic1928 hypolimnial1940 metalimnetic1941 oligomictic1956 polymictic1956 metalimnic1972 1835 Rep. Select Comm. Accidents in Mines 175 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 603) V. 1 Instead of finding the air stratified with the gas above and the air below, we find it one regular mixture from top to bottom. 1881 Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 21 66 In summer the return current takes place at no great depth, because then the water is stratified according to its temperature. 1910 E. M. Wedderburn in J. Murray & L. Pullar Bathymetrical Surv. Sc. Fresh-Water Lochs I. 104 As winter draws on the lake becomes thermally stratified. 1956 Proc. Royal Soc. A 234 i Predictions are made of the height to which smoke plumes from typical sources of heat should rise in a still, stably stratified atmosphere under various conditions. 1980 G. E. Fogg in R. S. K. Barnes & K. H. Mann Fund. Aquatic Ecosystem ii. 37 Sometimes lakes are permanently stratified, as for example in tropical regions. 2000 C. D. Whiteman Mountain Meteorol. x. 148 (caption) Stably stratified air that is lifted over mountains oscillates about its equilibrium level on the lee side of the mountain, producing waves. 2006 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) Nov. 59/1 During the summer months, when the water column became stratified, oxygen levels, particularly near the seabed, began to fall. f. Of an electrical discharge in a tube or column of rarefied gas: exhibiting a series of luminous striations separated by dark regions. Cf. stratification n. 7. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > discharge of electricity > [adjective] > exhibiting striae striated1852 stratified1857 1857 Rep. 26th Meeting Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1856 Notes & Abstr. 10 (heading) On the Stratified Appearance of the Electrical Discharge. By W. R. Grove. 1866 J. P. Gassiot in Rep. 35th Meeting Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1865 15 (title of article) On the Change of Form and Colour which the Stratified Discharge assumes when a Varied Resistance is introduced in the Circuit of an Extended Series of the Voltaic Battery. 1908 C. S. Gager Effects Rays Radium Plants i. 1 Grove observed the stratified discharge through very rare gases. 1972 Vacuum 22 164/1 Systematic probe measurements of electron energy distributions in the stratified column of a glow discharge in hydrogen..were performed. 2013 tr. H.-J. Zillmer Energy Mistake iii. 95 The colours of the stratified column or the negative glow light are in characteristic colours depending on the type of gas. g. Of a society or culture: divided into levels or classes based on social status, education, or income. Cf. stratification n. 6. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > [adjective] > relating to or exhibiting division into classes stratified1871 status1938 stratificational1942 1871 N. Amer. Rev. Apr. 292 In a stratified society, where the rulers and the ruled do not freely mix, they cannot well understand each other. 1897 Bp. Creighton in Daily News 22 Jan. 6/5 Its methods had been found effective in a younger country less stratified than our own. 1927 P. A. Sorokin Social Mobility ii. 11 If the economic status of the members of a society is unequal, if among them there are both wealthy and poor, the society is economically stratified. 1960 V. Packard Status Seekers xxii. 325 Life is said to be more stable and serene in clearly stratified societies. 2006 A. D. Blechman Pigeons xi. 197 The upper echelons of England's stratified social hierarchy politely refer to pigeon racing as a ‘cloth cap’ sport. 2. Statistics. Designating a method of sampling in which a sample from a heterogeneous population is obtained by dividing the population into homogeneous subgroups and taking a sample from each, or a population sample obtained by this method. Cf. stratified sampling n. at Compounds, stratification n. 9.Quot. 1920 implies earlier use. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [adjective] > relating to sample consistent1925 stratified1927 multistage1944 1920 A. L. Bowley Elements Statistics (ed. 4) II. iv. 333 In a non-stratified selection we should have had σ = ·0141.] 1927 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. 90 373 The important case of stratified sampling is indeed given, but is not connected with any general outline of the very fundamental analysis of variation. 1956 B.B.C. Handbk. 1957 104 Technically speaking, the sample used is a stratified quota sample. 1975 Med. Care 13 398/2 A stratified sample was selected consisting of 50 seasoned clinicians in general practice and 30 house staff. 2002 B. Wrenn et al. Marketing Res. vii. 164 The most commonly used probability samples are simple random samples, stratified samples, cluster samples, and systemic samples. Compounds stratified charge n. (in an internal combustion engine) a non-homogeneous mixture of air and fuel, in which a richer fuel is provided for ignition and a leaner one for combustion, often achieved by having a side chamber in each cylinder into which the mixture for ignition is introduced; frequently attributive. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > material for igniting > [noun] > in an internal-combustion engine stratified charge1886 society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > [noun] > fuel or air mixture stratified charge1886 compression1887 stratification1914 swirl1926 secondary air1931 squish1934 society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > [adjective] > fuel or air mixture rich1882 stratified charge1886 supercharged1910 weak1918 swirl1926 blown1934 squish1957 unblown1959 1886 D. Clerk Gas Engine x. 251 Mr. Otto's engine is economical because it uses a heterogeneous or stratified charge, which is consequently non-explosive. 1931 D. R. Pye Internal Combustion Engine vi. 148 (caption) Thermal efficiencies obtainable at weak petrol-air mixtures with ‘stratified charge’ operation. 1953 H. R. Ricardo High-speed Internal-combustion Engine (ed. 4) xviii. 366 Two alternative schemes were tried:..(2) The use of a stratified charge in which the mixture immediately in the zone of the sparking-plug is very much richer than that in the main body of the combustion space. 1981 Sci. Amer. May 45/1 Direct-injection stratified-charge engines have efficiency advantages comparable to those of the diesel. 2015 K. Reif Gasoline Engine Managem. 23/1 Stratified-charge operation effectively banishes the danger of engine knock. stratified sampling n. Statistics a method of sampling in which a sample from a heterogeneous population is obtained by dividing the population into homogeneous subgroups and taking a sample from each; cf. stratification n. 9.Stratified sampling is typically employed in order ensure that the sample obtained is representative of the population and to limit the effect of sampling error. ΚΠ 1927 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. 90 373 The important case of stratified sampling is indeed given, but is not connected with any general outline of the very fundamental analysis of variation. 1955 Amer. Sociol. Rev. 20 701/1 This paper presents the results obtained from two distinct studies. Test No. 1 was a limited experiment based upon stratified sampling. 2008 D. J. Hand Statistics: Very Short Introd. iii. 53 This procedure is known as stratified sampling, since it divides the overall population listed in the sampling frame into strata. stratified medicine n. medical care designed to optimize treatment by identifying subgroups of patients with similar disease profiles or drug responses; personalized medicine. ΚΠ 2007 L. Olsen et al. Learning Healthcare Syst. viii. 301 Evolving knowledge around the molecular nature of disease leading to personalized, or stratified, medicine may provide an answer here. 2011 South Wales Echo (Nexis) 21 Nov. 10 Two city hospitals will recruit patients to the stratified medicine programme, which will pave the way for more personalised and targeted cancer drugs to be developed. 2014 S. K. Mahil et al. in A. Menter & C. E. M. Grrifiths Psoriasis 7/1 Through advances in genetic research, stratified medicine is now a realistic goal. stratified random sampling n. Statistics = stratified sampling n. ΚΠ 1934 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. 97 588 The only method which can be advised for general use is the method of stratified random sampling. 1958 Educ. Res. Bull. 37 30 We selected by means of stratified random sampling forty-two school systems in nineteen counties. 2006 F. Green Demanding Work 185 Stratified random sampling was used to select households from sectors drawn from the Postal Address File. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1776
随便看	half-knowledge half-labour half-lance half-landing half-languaged half-lap half-large half-lattice girder half-laugh half-learned half-learnedly half-left half-leg half-leg deep half-leg high half-legged half-length half-lengthening half-lichen half-lidded half-lie half-life half-life period half-lift half-light