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单词 strategy
释义

strategyn.

Brit. /ˈstratᵻdʒi/, U.S. /ˈstrædədʒi/
Forms: 1600s– strategy, 1800s strategie.
Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymon: Greek στρατηγία.
Etymology: < ancient Greek στρατηγία office or command of a general, generalship, (at Athens) office of a strategos, in Hellenistic Greek also province governed by a strategos < στρατηγός strategos n. + -ία -y suffix3. Compare classical Latin stratēgia administrative district, Middle French, French stratégie administrative district (1562 in Du Pinet's translation of Pliny; compare quot. 1601 at strategian n. 1), art of directing military movements (1803), and also German Strategie art of directing military movements (1782), art of planning for the moves of opposing parties more generally (1831), (in learned contexts also) office of a strategos (1869 in the passages translated in quots. 18691 and 18692 at sense 2). With sense I. compare strategos n. With sense 4 compare earlier strategics n.
I. Ancient History. The office or command of a strategos (strategos n.).
1. An army, government, or province under the command or rule of a strategos. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > territory under a governor or official > [noun] > under a strategus
strategian1601
strategy1616
1616 J. Bingham tr. Ælian Tactiks ix. 64 Two Telarchies make a Phalangarchy of 4096. men, and 256. files, the Commander whereof is called Phalangarcha. Yet some call it a Strategy [Gk. στρατηγία], and the Commander Strategos.
1682 R. Blome tr. N. Sanson Asia in Cosmogr. & Geogr. 240 Pliny accounts 120 Strategies [Fr. Strategies] in Armenia, which are the Governments or particular Jurisdictions of every Province.
1886 W. P. Dickson tr. T. Mommsen Provinces Rom. Empire I. 306 The fifty strategies [Ger. Strategien] of Thrace..are not military districts, but, as is apparent with special clearness in Ptolemy, land-districts.
2. The office of a strategos. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > chief magistrate of a district > [noun] > chief magistrate of Athens or Achaean league > position of
strategy1869
1869 A. W. Ward tr. E. Curtius Hist. Greece II. iii. iii. 456 Among the offices requiring a certain capacity..there was none more important than the generalship or Strategy [Ger. Strategie].
1869 A. W. Ward tr. E. Curtius Hist. Greece II. iii. iii. 458 Pericles, besides the authority of a Strategy [Ger. Strategie] prolonged to him in an extraordinary measure, also filled the office of superintendent of the finances.
II. A plan, a scheme, and related uses.
3. A devious or dishonest scheme, trick, or ploy. Cf. stratagem n. 2a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > [noun] > a trick, deception
wrenchc888
swikec893
braida1000
craftOE
wile1154
crookc1175
trokingc1175
guile?c1225
hocket1276
blink1303
errorc1320
guileryc1330
sleightc1340
knackc1369
deceitc1380
japec1380
gaudc1386
syllogism1387
mazec1390
mowa1393
train?a1400
trantc1400
abusionc1405
creekc1405
trickc1412
trayc1430
lirtc1440
quaint?a1450
touch1481
pawka1522
false point?1528
practice1533
crink1534
flim-flamc1538
bobc1540
fetcha1547
abuse1551
block1553
wrinklec1555
far-fetch?a1562
blirre1570
slampant1577
ruse1581
forgery1582
crank1588
plait1589
crossbite1591
cozenage1592
lock1598
quiblin1605
foist1607
junt1608
firk1611
overreach?1615
fob1622
ludification1623
knick-knacka1625
flam1632
dodge1638
gimcrack1639
fourbe1654
juggle1664
strategy1672
jilt1683
disingenuity1691
fun1699
jugglementa1708
spring1753
shavie1767
rig?1775
deception1794
Yorkshire bite1795
fakement1811
fake1829
practical1833
deceptivity1843
tread-behind1844
fly1861
schlenter1864
Sinonism1864
racket1869
have1885
ficelle1890
wheeze1903
fast one1912
roughie1914
spun-yarn trick1916
fastie1931
phoney baloney1933
fake-out1955
okey-doke1964
mind-fuck1971
1672 Bloody Murtherer 31 That as he overcame me here, I may live to conquer him, and at my death triumph over him, and all his Strategies.
4.
a. The art or practice of planning or directing the larger movements or long-term objectives of a battle, military campaign, etc.Often distinguished from tactics, considered as the art of directing forces engaged in action or in the immediate presence of the enemy.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > war > war as profession or skill > [noun] > strategy
strategics1653
generalship1665
strategy1779
strategic1810
strategying1858
1779 Crit. Rev. Oct. 310 This defect, in our author's opinion, nothing but a systematical instruction in strategy can supply.
1810 C. James New Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) (at cited word) Strategy differs materially from tactic; the latter belonging only to the mechanical movement of bodies, set in motion by the former.
1827 W. Scott Life Napoleon II. iii. 73 A brave and excellent soldier, but who had no idea of strategie [sic] or tactics, save those current during the Seven Years War.
1889 A. T. Mahan Influence Sea Power Introd. 8 Before hostile armies or fleets are brought into contact (a word which perhaps better than any other indicates the dividing line between tactics and strategy), there are a number of questions to be decided.
1943 W. S. Churchill Let. 28 May in W. S. Churchill & C. S. Churchill Speaking for Themselves (1999) xxi. 483 The talks which are now about to open..will implement in the tactical sphere the decisions of strategy and policy which we reached with so much general agreement.
1973 J. Brooke King George III i. 13 Strategy dictated that she should wage war where her army could be used to the greatest advantage.
2012 Technol. Rev. June 68/1 The intelligence he gathered soon proved useful for both strategy and tactics.
b. The art or practice of planning the future direction or outcome of something; the formulation or implementation of a plan, scheme, or course of action, esp. of a long-term or ambitious nature. Also: policy or means of achieving objectives within a specified field, as political strategy, corporate strategy, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > planning a course of action
strategy1829
strategizing1915
game playing1916
macro-strategy1968
strategery2000
1829 H. Douglas Treat. Naval Gunnery (ed. 2) 31 (advt.) A complete Encyclopædia of Reference,..presenting the greatest Collection extant of fine specimens of strategy in every stage of the Game [i.e. chess].
1841 Life & Times Dick Whittington xi. 112 We rescued Master Cobbs; and.., by most excellent strategy, your worshipful sire took him off scathless.
1872 Solicitors' Jrnl. 27 Apr. 477/2 An application for a trial at bar would be injudicious as a matter of strategy.
1913 H. T. Payne Game Birds & Game Fishes Pacific Coast 103 This is only accomplished by great caution and a good deal of strategy.
1938 C. G. Jung Psychol. & Relig. i. 17 In this precarious situation it would be bad strategy to convince the patient that he is somehow..at the back of his own symptom.
1964 Life 9 Oct. 100 a/2 The heart of their dispute with him is a fundamental difference over political strategy.
1980 C. J. Sutton Econ. & Corporate Strategy 1 Corporate strategy is concerned with the long-term survival and growth of business organizations.
2013 C. Doctorow Homeland vi. 101 Please ask Flor to put you in my diary for tomorrow.., so we can talk about strategy.
5.
a. A plan or scheme governing the larger movements or long-term objectives of a battle, military campaign, etc.
ΚΠ
1823 Monthly Rev. Apr. 466 The vain-glorious boast of his brother-marshal, Jourdan, in his answer to the Strategy of Prince Charles: ‘Soldier from the cradle, I can handle the sword better than the pen.’
1868 F. W. Farrar Seekers after God Concl. 320 By copying the strategy of the battle of Beth-Horon.
1913 R. Lucas Ld. North I. vii. 277 His strategy was to hold the Hudson River and isolate the New England States.
1971 D. Brown Bury my Heart at Wounded Knee iv. 92 The leaders of the tribes smoked war pipes and planned their strategy.
2006 Foreign Affairs Mar. 3 The strategy..led to the complete withdrawal of U.S. ground forces from Vietnam by 1973.
b. A plan, scheme, or course of action designed to achieve a particular objective, esp. a long-term or overall aim.exit strategy: see exit n. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > a plan
redeeOE
devicec1290
casta1300
went1303
ordinancec1385
intentc1386
imaginationa1393
drifta1535
draught1535
forecast1535
platform1547
ground-plat?a1560
table1560
convoy1565
design1565
plat1574
ground-plota1586
plot1587
reach1587
theory1593
game1595
projectment1611
projecting1616
navation1628
approach1633
view1634
plan1635
systema1648
sophism1657
manage1667
brouillon1678
speculationa1684
sketch1697
to take measures1698
method1704
scheme1704
lines1760
outline1760
measure1767
restorative1821
ground plan1834
strategy1834
programme1837
ticket1842
project1849
outline plan1850
layout1867
draft1879
dart1882
lurk1916
schema1939
lick1955
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > course adopted to achieve an end
waya1225
wonec1290
mean waya1425
policyc1430
method1526
politicsa1529
politic1588
game1595
dent1597
efficacy1690
tactics1772
tactic1791
strategy1834
game plan1957
1834 R. M. Beverley Reply to Professor Sedgwick's Let. in Leeds Mercury 3 To descend to the poor strategy of personal slander.
1874 Good Words 66/1 It has been too often the conventional strategy of theological argument, in dealing with books or persons with whom we differ, to give no quarter.
1939 H. Miller Tropic of Capricorn 291 My strategy was to float with the tide.
1977 C. E. Joffe Friendly Intruders (1979) p. ix It makes sense to incorporate a variety of options into a national childcare strategy.
1983 R. Copeland & M. Cohen What is Dance? vi. 424 Interpretative strategies imported from linguistics, structuralism, and semiology.
2009 Daily Tel. 16 July 5/5 The Government's new strategy calls for onshore, off-shore, and house-mounted wind turbines.
6. In game theory, decision theory, etc.: a list of actions or decisions which completely describes a participant's behaviour throughout a particular game.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > planning a course of action > plan of intended course of action
plan of campaign1780
route map1816
action plan1889
end run1902
strategy1944
game plan1957
scenario1962
1944 J. Von Neumann & O. Morgenstern Theory of Games i. 44 We shall call these sets of rules the ‘strategies’ of the game.
1969 R. Farquharson Theory of Voting iv. 20 Any procedure can be represented as a game by assuming that each voter makes a plan in advance regarding the course of action he will take in every division which can arise. Any such plan may be called a ‘strategy’.
2009 N.Y. Times Mag. 13 Dec. 60/1 The scientists say these strategies work because they harness ‘Parrondo's Paradox’, a piece of game theory in which you win by alternating between two losing strategies.
7. Biology. The combination of adaptations by which the reproductive fitness of an individual or species is maximized.
ΚΠ
1968 R. Levins Evol. in Changing Environments ii. 30 We now pass to a consideration of population strategies based on genetic make up and the response to natural selection.
1985 Sci. Amer. July 93/1 In analyzing the milkweed's reproductive strategy, it is essential to know that the plant is an obligate or nearly obligate outbreeder.
1998 A. Manning & M. S. Dawkins Introd. Animal Behaviour (ed. 5) vi. 335 A ‘strategy’ is simply a specification of what an animal does, such as ‘remove eggshell from nest’ or ‘always attack if challenged’.
2015 K. L. M. Martin Beach-spawning Fishes 7 It was previously suggested that this species may pursue a gender-specific life history strategy..with males dying after spawning but females spawning more than once.

Compounds

strategy game n. any of various games, typically a board game or (more recently) a video game, in which players are required to make strategic decisions or plan an overall course of action.
ΚΠ
1888 Golden Argosy 26 May 404/2 Now's my chance, while they're all in the house, to come the Indian strategy game over them.
1970 Peace News 2 Oct. 3/4 During a strategy game, a situation may arise which is so interesting that the group may want to roleplay it.
2005 Wired Nov. 105/1 This addictive PC game mixes elements of strategy games, god games, and classic arcade button mashers.
strategy document n. a document outlining a plan, scheme, or course of action, esp. of a long-term or ambitious nature, typically for a business or other organization.
ΚΠ
1943 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 12 July 2/5 Mr Curtin has received the report..on Mr. Ward's allegations that a ‘Brisbane Line’ strategy document was missing from defence files.
1976 Canad. Public Policy Summer 456 A new strategy document outlining CIDA's plans for the period of 1975-80 contains an assessment of the international scene.
2012 S. Biscop & J. Coelmont Europe, Strategy & Armed Forces ii. 35 There are many strategy documents elaborating on various dimensions of the ESS [= European Security Strategy].
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

strategyv.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: strategy n.
Etymology: < strategy n. Compare earlier strategying n.
Obsolete. rare.
transitive. To lead (a person) into a particular condition by strategy or skilful planning.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > treat cunningly [verb (transitive)] > force into or out of position by strategy
manoeuvre1815
strategy1894
1894 W. C. Russell Good Ship ‘Mohock’ I. i. 21 Not the gods themselves could have strategied me into wedlock.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online September 2018).
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n.1616v.1894
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