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单词 strand
释义

strandn.1

Brit. /strand/, U.S. /strænd/
Forms: Old English strand, Middle English–1500s strande, Middle English–1500s stronde, Middle English–1700s strond, (Middle English straunde, 1500s strounde), Middle English– strand.
Etymology: Old English strand (? neuter) = Old Frisian strônd (West Frisian strân, straun, North Frisian strön, strunn), Middle Low German strant (strand-), masculine (whence Dutch strand, neuter, modern German strand, masculine), Old Norse strǫnd (strand-), feminine, border, edge, coast (Swedish, Danish strand).
1.
a. The land bordering a sea, lake, or †river; in a more restricted sense, that part of a shore which lies between the tide-marks; sometimes used vaguely for coast, shore. Cf. sea-strand n. Now poetic, archaic or dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > [noun]
staithec893
cliffeOE
overeOE
wartha1000
strandc1000
brimc1275
brinka1300
rivagec1330
water bankc1384
cleevea1387
watersidea1387
clifta1398
rival?a1400
shorec1400
water breach1495
common shorea1568
verge1606
praia1682
riva1819
splash zone1933
c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xiii. 48 Þa hi þa þat nett uppatugon & sæton be þam strande.
c1000 West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) xxi. 4 Witodlice on ærne mergen se hælend stod on þam strande.
a1066 Charter of Eadweard in Kemble Cod. Dipl. IV. 221 Ic ciðe eow ðæt Urk min huskarl habbe his strand eall, fornegen hys agen land..and eall ðæt to his strande gedryuen hys, be minum fullan bebode.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 11155 Forr crist son summ he fullhtnedd wass. & stiȝhenn upp o strande.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8776 Þer heo nomen hauene..Scipen eoden a þat strond cnihtes eoden. a þat lond.
c1290 Mary Magd. 471 in S. Eng. Leg. 475 Þe prince stap out of þe schipe:..Opon þe stronde he ȝaf a lupe.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2717 Moyses drug him to ðe strond, And stille he dalf him [in] ðe sond.
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 14049 Seuen hundred schipe lyn by þe stronde.
c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame 148 The Armes and also the man That first came..Vnto the strondes of Lauyne.
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 232 Thei ben comen sauf to londe, Wher thei gon out upon the stronde Into the Burgh.
c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 50 A lowe ground ebbe was fast by the strond, That no maryner durst take on hond To cast an anker.
1544 P. Betham tr. J. di Porcia Preceptes Warre i. lii. sig. D jv Wherby other shyppes can not well arryue at anye strounde, ne yet go out of the hauen.
1593 G. Peele Honovr of Garter sig. B1 The channell that deuides The French-mens strond fro Brittaines fishie townes.
c1595 J. Donne Satires ii. 78 Shortly (as the sea) hee will compasse all our land; From Scots, to Wight; from Mount, to Dover strand.
1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 26 They walked along the strond, till they came to his Barke.
1681 J. Dryden Absalom & Achitophel 9 The Joyful People throng'd to see him Land, Cov'ring the Beach and blackning all the Strand.
1718 M. Prior Alma ii, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 358 The Strand, Which compasses fair Albion's Land.
1759 Ann. Reg. 1758 36/1 Quebec..consists of an upper and lower town, the lower..is built upon a strand, at the foot of a lofty rock.
1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) II. 155 James Cartier and Champlain represent the strands of the lakes of North-America as shaded by stately walnut-trees.
1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna i. xvi. 9 On the bare strand Upon the sea-mark a small boat did wait.
a1870 J. Couch Hist. Polperro (1871) ii. 32 The next object of notice..is the beach, or ‘strand’, inside the old quay.
1911 E. Beveridge North Uist vi. 132 Six [of the island-forts] are easily accessible over the strand at ebb-tide.
figurative.1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar Pref. ⁋25 God brought Moses law into the world to be as a strand to the inundation of impiety.
†b. in certain rhyming and alliterative phrases used in charters. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
?11.. Charter of Eadweard ( a.d. 1066) in Kemble Cod. Dipl. IV. 192 Ic nelle..ðat ðær any man any onsting habbe on any þ[i]ngen oðe on any timen be strande ne bi lande buton [etc.].
1155 Charter Hen. II in Anglia (1884) VII. 220 Saca & Socne, on strande & on Streame, on wudan & on feldan, tolles & theames, grithbriches & hamsocne & forstalles & infangenes thiafes & fleamene frimtha ofer heore aȝene men.
1208 Rot. Chart. (1837) 184/1 Habeant..omnia predicta..cum soka et saca..et cum aliis consuetudinibus..warwagio suo bilaunde & bistraunde [etc.].
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Strand and Stream, an Expression formerly us'd for an immunity or freedom from Custom, and all Impositions upon Goods or Vessels by Land or by Water.]
†c. A quay, wharf, or landing-place by the side of navigable water. Obsolete. den and strand: see dene n.1 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > berthing, mooring, or anchoring > harbour or port > [noun] > landing-place
strand1205
arrivala1450
slip1467
pow1481
arrivagea1500
landing-place1512
shore1512
landing1601
scale1682
bunder1698
gat1723
hard1728
loadberry1764
hardway1785
1205 Rot. Chart. (1837) 153/1 Habeant [barones de Hastinges] strand [printed strand] & dene apud Gernemue.
1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 1729/1 Sir Thomas Wyat hauing with him fouretene Ensignes,..marched to Detforde strande, eight myles from Dartforde.
1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. viii. 301 A most impregnable castle, which standeth vpon the strand or wharfe of the port.
c1600 in T. Brown Misc. Aulica (1702) 254 If any that hath a House or Land adjoining do make a Strand, Stairs, or such like, they pay forthwith Rent to the City of London.
1637 J. Milton Comus 30 By Leucothea's lovely hands, And her son [sc. Portunus] that rules the strands.
1707 London Gaz. No. 4397/3 He was..one of the Elder Brothers of Trinity-House of Deptford-Strond.
1859 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 2) 455 The Dutch on the Hudson River apply the term to a landing-place; as, the strand at Kingston.
d. the Strand: the name of a street in London; originally so called as occupying, with the gardens belonging to the houses, the ‘strand’ or shore of the Thames between the cities of London and Westminster.
ΚΠ
1246 Misc. Rolls, Chancery Bd. 3 No. 2 m. 1 Domos..extra muros Ciuitatis nostre London, in vico qui vocatur le Straunde.
1601 F. Godwin Catal. Bishops of Eng. 262 Walter de Langton..built also..the pallace by the Strond at London.
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII v. iii. 51 [She] cryed out Clubbes, when I might see from farre, some forty Truncheoners draw to her succour, which were the hope o' th' Strond where she was quartered. View more context for this quotation
1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses II. 226 James Heath [was] Son of Rob. Heath the Kings Cutler, living in the Strand leading from London to Westminster.
1729 A. Pope Dunciad (new ed.) ii. 12 Where the tall May-pole once o'er-look'd the Strand.
1790 T. Pennant Of London 126–7 I shall resume my account at the opening of the Strand into Charing-Cross, by observing, that in the year 1353, that fine street the Strand was an open highway, with here and there a great man's house, with gardens to the water-side.
1823 Ld. Byron Island ii. xix. 41 But less grand, Though not less loved, in Wapping or the Strand.
e. Used vaguely (like shore n.1 1c) for country, region, esp. a foreign country. Chiefly poetic.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [noun]
landc725
kithc888
thedec888
earthOE
groundOE
foldOE
countryc1300
marchc1330
nationc1330
wonec1330
provincea1382
soila1400
strandc1400
terragec1440
room1468
limita1513
limitationa1527
seat1535
terrene1863
negara1955
negeri1958
c1400 Roland & Otuel 1215 An hundrethe knyghtes of Turkeye Bare his Mawmettes hym by And paste ouer that strande.
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 13 Thanne longen folk to goon on pilgrymages And Palmeres for to seeken straunge strondes.
a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. F3 Drugges,..Found in the wealthy strond of Affrica.
1704 S. Cobb Poems (1709) 57 Sail, Happy Prince, to that expecting Strand Where wealthy Tagus rowls his golden Sand.
1822 P. B. Shelley Hellas 50 Let Freedom and Peace flee far To a sunnier strand.
2. Used for shore n.4 Obsolete (? nonce-use.)
ΚΠ
a1637 B. Jonson To Ffreind in Wks. (1947) VIII. 408 Seek out some hungry painter, yt..Will well designe thee, to be viewd of all That sit vpon ye Comon Draught: or Strand [rhyme brand].

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
strand bank n.
ΚΠ
1881 A. Leslie tr. A. E. Nordenskiöld Voy. Vega II. xiv. 225 At Nunamo the strand-bank was gay with an exceedingly rich magnificence of colour.
strand bird n.
ΚΠ
1755 Gentleman's Mag. July 319/2 Among other birds in this country [Norway] are some that haunt the coast..called strand birds.
1860 F. C. L. Wraxall Life in Sea iii. 49 The Strand Birds, which live on the verge of the ocean, and on the beach deserted by the tide.
strand bush n.
ΚΠ
1863 W. C. Baldwin Afr. Hunting vii. 282 The inyala is only to be met with in the strand bush along the coast.
strand-plant n.
ΚΠ
1906 Daily Chron. 13 Aug. 3/2 Most of the Hawaiian strand-plants that are dispersed by the currents are found in America.
C2.
† strand boat n. Obsolete a shore boat.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > boat attendant on larger vessel > [noun] > boat plying between ship shore
strand boat1670
bumboat1671
Moses1736
shore-boat1804
foy-boat1813
bunder-boat1825
bumbarge1839
tender1853
trot-boat1945
1670 J. Smith England's Improvem. Reviv'd 268 To carry on this great Trade, they [the Hollanders] have 700 Strand-boates.
Categories »
strand fishery n. a coast fishery pursued from the shore (Webster Suppl. 1902).
strandflat n. [partial translation of Danish strandflade, lit. ‘beach expanse’ (H. Reusch 1894, in Norges Geol. Undersøgelse No. 14. 1)] a very wide rocky platform, close to sea level, that extends along much of the Norwegian coastline between cliffs and the sea; (with a and plural) any particular part of this.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > land near coast > [noun]
links1487
machair1692
strandflat1922
linksland1926
1906 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 62 87 Raised rock-platforms of marine origin..were found along the Norwegian coast, and had been termed strandflade or ‘coast-plane [read -plain]’ by Dr. Reusch.]
1922 Skrifter utgit av Videnskabsselskabet i Kristiania 1921: Mat.-Nat. Kl. No. 11. 60 At Tangen, on the south side of Sogne Fjord,..there is a well-marked strandflat..on which the houses are situated.
1934 R. A. Daly Changing World of Ice Age v. 166 Along the coast of southern Norway the strandflat is a composite of three benches, with inner edges respectively 30 to 40 meters and 15 to 18 meters above sea and a few metres..below sea-level.
1940 Geogr. Jrnl. 96 96 The origin of strandflats has interested many writers.
1954 W. D. Thornbury Princ. Geomorphol. xvii. 436 The Strandflat along the west coast of Norway, which is thought by some to be of marine origin, has a maximum width of 40 miles.
1972 J. L. Davies Geogr. Variation Coastal Devel. vi. 87 The enormous width of strandflats in some places makes it difficult to conceive of them as extraordinarily extensive shore platforms and their origin remains obscure.
† strand hedge n. Isle of Man Obsolete a fence on the sea shore.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > hedge or fence > a fence > on the shore
strand hedge1723
1723 in H. Stowell Life Wilson (1819) App. i. 337 [Isle of Man] By the governor's granting licence to inclose the lands of several persons under their strand hedges.
strand ice n. (see quot. 1897).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > ice > land ice > [noun] > along a shore
barrier1847
strand ice1897
1897 tr. F. Nansen Farthest North II. vii. 346 Close to our den there was an opening in the strand-ice. Note, Ice which is frozen fast to the bottom, and is therefore left lying like an icy base along the shore.
strand knife n. Whaling a knife for cutting blubber.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > whaling and seal-hunting > whaling > cutting up whale or seal > [noun] > knife or hook
blubber-spade1820
spade1820
strand knife1820
tail-knife1820
blubber-hook1835
whale-spade1852
mincing knifea1884
1820 W. Scoresby Acct. Arctic Regions II. 299 Process of Flensing... The blubber..is received upon deck by the boat-steerers and line-managers: the former with strand-knives divide it into portable cubical, or oblong pieces.
strand-line n. Geology (see quot. 1910).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > ledge or terrace > [noun] > raised beach
raised beach1831
batture1856
strand-line1910
1910 Encycl. Brit. XI. 658/2 Proof of recent emergence of land is supplied by what are called ‘raised beaches’ or ‘strand-lines’, that is, lines of former shores marked by sheets of littoral deposits, or platforms cut by shore-waves in rock.
strand-nut n. (see quot. 1860).
ΚΠ
1860 J. F. Campbell Pop. Tales W. Highlands I. Introd. p. ix On the stormy coasts of the Hebrides,..fishermen..find..objects, somewhat like flat chestnuts,.. which they call..strand-nuts.
† strand plat n. Obsolete the beach or seashore.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > seashore or coast > [noun] > beach or foreshore
strand plat1582
beach1600
playa1600
wash1614
foreshore1764
sublittoral1886
shore zone1921
midlittoral1948
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iii. 52 Father Anchises his palms from strond plat inhauncing On Gods heunlye cryeth.
strandward n. = to (the) strandward adv. (in adverbial phr.)
ΚΠ
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 33 Soom run to vessels too strondward swiftlye retyring.
† to (the) strandward adv. Obsolete in the direction of the beach or sea-shore.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > seashore or coast > [adverb] > towards
to the strandwardc1460
to (the) shoreward1582
home1668
shorewarda1691
shorewards1837
coastward1853
coastwards1854
shoreward of1941
shoreside1948
c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 3138 So, walkyng to the Strondward, wee bargeynyd by the wey.
C3. In the names of birds, beasts, etc. that frequent the shores of seas, lakes, or estuaries.
strand plover n. (in Ireland) the grey plover, Pluvialis squatarola (Swainson).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > [noun] > family Charadriidae > genus Pluvialis > pluvialis squatarola (grey plover)
sea plover1634
whistling plover1668
strand plover1772
squatarole1819
whistling field bird1819
grey plover1838
whistling field plover1872
Swiss plover1874
pilot1880
the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Scolopacidae (snipes, etc.) > [noun] > member of genus Limosa (godwit) > limosa lapponica (bar-tailed godwit)
preen1548
yarwhelp1577
pick1655
stone plover1678
red-breasted godwit1747
red godwit1768
strand plover1772
bar-tailed godwit1828
bar-tailed godwit1828
kuaka1873
1772 J. Rutty Ess. Nat. Hist. Dublin I. 324 The Strand Plover, by some called, the Stone Plover.
1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 181 Grey plover (Squatarola helvetica)... Strand plover (Cork).
strand-runner n. (see quots.; cf. Strandlooper n. 2).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > [noun] > family Charadriidae > genus Charadrius > charadrius leschenaultii
snite1694
strand-runner1706
Strandlooper1731
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Strand-Runner, a Bird of the bigness of a Lark, with a four-square Bill resembling a Rasp, which runs on the Rocks of Spitsberg and feeds on Worms.
strand-wolf n. [Dutch] the name given in South Africa to the striped hyena ( Hyæna brunnea).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Carnivora > [noun] > family Hyaenidae (hyena) > member of genus Hyaena
dabuh1600
strand-wolf1786
1786 G. Forster tr. A. Sparrman Voy. Cape Good Hope (ed. 2) I. 165 Two other voracious animals of this kind are found in Africa, which are distinguished by the names of mountain-wolf and strand-wolf.
1826 A. Smith Catal. S. Afr. Mus. i. 14 Striped Hyæna of the English. Strand Wolf of the Dutch.
1881 Encycl. Brit. XII. 420/2 If the strand wolf (Hyæna villosa) of the Cape colonists is only a variety of this species [Hyæna striata].
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

strandn.2

Brit. /strand/, U.S. /strænd/, Scottish English /strand/
Forms: Middle English, 1500s strond, strund, Middle English stronde, Middle English– strand.
Etymology: Apparently connected with strind n.2, though the phonological relation is obscure. The first quot. is from a work belonging to a group of writings (the ‘Katharine group’), which show a curious mixture of midland and even northern forms with their markedly southern dialect. (The regular Southern form strund occurs in the same text.) Otherwise the word is purely northern, except for its occurrence in the Wyclif Bible and in Wyclif's sermons, and once in Spenser (who may have imitated Douglas).
Chiefly Scottish and northern.
†1. A stream, brook, rivulet; transferred a stream (of blood, etc.). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun]
burnc1000
strind?c1225
stranda1240
flowinga1382
gole?a1400
watercoursea1450
riparya1475
glide1590
lympha1630
stream1803
floss1865
strool1867
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > [noun] > bleeding or flow of blood
runeOE
stranda1240
flux1377
bleedingc1385
rhexisc1425
issuec1500
haemorrhagy?1541
bleeda1585
sanguination1598
falla1616
haemorrhage1671
saltation1672
persultation1706
fusion1725
haematosis1811
phleborrhagia1833
secondary haemorrhage1837
splinter haemorrhage1931
haemorrhaging1967
a1240 Ureisun in Lamb. Hom. 189 Þe ilke fif wallen þet of þi blisfulle bodi sprungen and strike dun strondes [Cotton strundes] of blode.
a1300 Cursor Mundi 1033 In middes þat land a welle springes, Þat rennes out wit four strandes.
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter cix. 8 De torrente in via bibit..Of þe strand in way he drank.
1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 140 He dide him forþ to flod þat phison is called,..From perlese paradis passeþ þe stronde.
1357 Lay Folks Catech. (Lamb. MS.) 192 Our lady was ful of grace as a stronde ful of watyr.
a1400–50 Wars Alex. 5280 Was neuir na cristall so clere as was þa clere strandis.
a1400–50 Wars Alex. 4202, 5507.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Deut. ix. 21 Y..castide [it] forth in to the stronde [1382 streem], that cam doun fro the hil.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Num. xiii. 24 Thei ȝeden til to the stronde of clustre [1382 the rennynge watir of the clustre].
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) x. l. 281 A litill strand he fand that ran hym by.
1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour l. 4038 in Wks. (1931) I The strandis of blude ran throuch the stretis.
1595 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 92/1 Ane strand and rynner of watter that flowis furthe of the said wall.
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. vi. 255 In all the bounds of Arabia Deserta..there is no such matter, as Brooke, or strand, much lesse a Riuer.
1650 Sc. Psalms lxxxiii. 9 Do to them as to Midian, Jabin at Kison strand.
1722 W. Hamilton Life of Sir William Wallace 247 A Strand of Water running by.
1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel i. xxv. 25 He passed the Peel of Goldiland, And crossed old Borthwick's roaring strand.
1809 T. Donaldson Poems 39 Ye wives lament..Let tears rin like the Keppin stran'.
1901 Gallovidian 3 74/1 [The sweat] wus rinnin' frae their neb-en's in strauns.
figurative.a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xvii. 5 Þe strandis of wickidnes [L. torrentes iniquitatis] has drouyd me.c1375 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. II. 255 And al þis is a stronde of love, þat stronger may no love be. For where is welle of more love, than [etc.].attributive.1587 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 469/1 Rex..concessit..2/ 16 partes terrarum..haben. ex australi antiquos muros petarum Jo. Purdie ad lie Strandheid.
2. Used by Douglas and Spenser for: The sea, a sheet of water.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > body of water > [noun]
watereOE
freshlOE
openc1485
strand1513
shard1590
water body1723
drink1832
lane1835
swim1880
nappe1887
dead zone1971
the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > [noun]
sea-floodc893
brimc937
streamc950
foamOE
mereOE
seaOE
sea of (the) oceanc1300
brookc1400
float1477
strand1513
breec1540
burnc1540
broth1558
Thetisie1600
fishpond1604
brine1605
pond1612
Thetisc1620
brack1627
herring-pond1686
tide1791
black water1816
lave1825
briny1831
salt water1839
blue1861
swan's bath1865
puddle1869
ditch1922
oggin1945
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid i. iv. 5 Eneas and his feris, on the strand Wery and forwrocht, sped tham to the nerrast land.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. vi. sig. R4v By this time was the worthy Guyon brought Vnto the other side of that wide strond, Where she was rowing.
3. Scottish. A channel, gutter.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > channel for conveyance of water
water leatOE
water lade1224
leat1279
watergang1293
sow1316
trough1398
wissinga1400
lanec1420
waterway1431
water leasow1440
watercoursea1450
fleam1523
lead1541
cut1548
aqueducta1552
lake1559
strand1565
race1570
channel1581
watergauge1597
gout1598
server1610
carriage1669
runnel1669
aquage1706
shoot1707
tewel1725
run1761
penstock1763
hulve1764
way-gang1766
culvert1774
flume1784
shute1790
pentrough1793
raceway1793
water carriage1793
carrier1794
conductor1796
water carrier1827
penchute1875
chute1878
by-cut1883
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > ditching or drainage > [noun] > other types of drainage
gutteringc1420
strand1565
sewaging1610
thorough-draining1669
cuniculus1670
French drain1738
riggot?1746
bush-draining1748
surface drain1765
land-drain1767
pipe-draining1776
surface draining1777
fox1784
surface drainage1796
mole drain1804
soughing1808
acequia1811
well-draining1818
tile-draining1830
wedge-draining?1830
plug-draining1833
land-drainage1841
land-draining1841
mole-draining1842
trough gutter1856
mole-ditching1860
mole drainage1860
tile-drainagea1865
well point1867
karez1875
storm sewer1887
moling1943
tiling1943
storm drain1960
1565 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 387 Canalem, vulgariter ane strand vel a syk.
1721 A. Ramsay Rise & Fall of Stocks 90 Children..In summer dam up little strands, Collect the drizzle to a pool.
1810 A. Boswell Edinburgh 30 There, in the dirty current of the strand, Boys drop the rival corks.
1903 J. Lumsden Toorle i. iii. 14 Ye scaur the vera deuks That plouter i the strand alang the street.
in combination.1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel II. iv. 74 He has three bairns, they say; they will help him bravely to grope in the gutters. Your good lordship may have the ruining of him again, my lord, if they have any luck in strand-scouring.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† strandn.3

Etymology: ? Altered form of strind n.1
northern. Obsolete.
Line of descent, pedigree; offspring, descendants: = strain n.1
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > lineage or descent > [noun]
kinc892
strindc900
i-cundeOE
bloodOE
kindredOE
birtha1250
strainc1275
gesta1300
offspring?a1300
lineagea1330
descentc1330
linec1330
progenya1382
generationc1384
engendrurec1390
ancestry?a1400
genealogya1400
kind?a1400
stranda1400
coming?a1425
bedc1430
descencec1443
descension1447
ligneea1450
originc1450
family1474
originala1475
extraction1477
nativityc1485
parentelea1492
stirpc1503
stem?c1550
race1563
parentage1565
brood1590
ancientry1596
descendance1599
breeding1600
descendancy1603
delineation1606
extract1631
ancestory1650
agnation1782
havage1799
engendure1867
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 10157 Bot o þe toþer sister strand, þat ioachim had til husband, þan sal we first vr stori drau.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9497 He wat born of frely strand [rhyme errand].
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

strandn.4

Brit. /strand/, U.S. /strænd/
Forms: Also Middle English–1700s strond, 1700s strang, 1700s–1800s dialect stran, 1800s Scottish strawn.
Etymology: Of obscure origin; connection with strain n.3, or with Old French estran, estren rope, is not proved.
1.
a. Each of the strings or yarns which when twisted together or ‘laid’ form a rope, cord, line, or cable. Also, a ply (of worsted). dialect. Also attributive, as three strand rope.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > other manufactured or derived materials > [noun] > rope or cord > strand of rope
strand1497
twist1685
ready1851
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > thread or yarn > [noun] > woollen > for sewing or knitting > specific > ply of
strand1898
1497 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 244 ij cabulles..of iiij strondes.., iiij hawsers..wherof oon of iij Strondes.
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. v. 26 The Wall knot..is a round knob, so made with the strouds [sic] or layes of a rope, it cannot slip.
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ix. 43 And those distinguished by so many small knots vpon each little string that is fixed at the marke thorow the stronds [printed strouds] or middest of the line.
1644 H. Mainwaring Sea-mans Dict. 18 A Cabell is a three-strand Roape.
1674 J. Ray S. & E. Country Words Strand, one of the twists of a line; be it of horse~hair or ought else. Suss.
1755 N. Magens Ess. Insurances I. 182 They were obliged to cut a Cable of four Strangs to Pieces.
1794 J. Morse Amer. Geogr. 425 Machinery, to..spin flax and hemp into threads or yarns, fit for..sail cloth, oznabrigs, twine, and the strans or yarns for cordage.
1800 Naval Chron. 3 474 Three strond shroud-laid rope.
1821 J. Smyth Pract. of Customs (ed. 2) ii. 62 Every Cable..is composed of three strands, every strand of three ropes, and every rope of three twists.
1898 Mrs. C. P. Penberthy Warp & Woof of Cornish Life ii. 13 I darned the hole with worsterd, and twas blue, dark blue worsterd, and twas five strans thick.
in extended use.1863 H. W. Bates Naturalist on River Amazons I. ii. 47 Some [tree-stems] were twisted in strands like cables.figurative.1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. iv. 95 The three strands of the conversation, to speak the language of a rope-work, were again twined together into one indistinguishable string of confusion.1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud xviii. vii, in Maud & Other Poems 60 The dusky strand of Death inwoven here With dear Love's tie, makes Love himself more dear.
b. Each of the lengths of twisted wire used to form a wire-rope, cable, or electric conductor.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [noun] > wire > wire rope > strand of
strand1860
1860 Chamb. Encycl. I. 522/1 The [Atlantic] cable..was composed of a strand of seven wires of pure copper, coated with..gutta percha,..and finally bound round with iron wires.
1874 F. G. D. Bedford Sailor's Pocket Bk. x. 313 Wire rope usually consists of 6 strands round a hempen core; each strand consists of 6 wires round a smaller hempen core.
1891 Pall Mall Gaz. 16 Mar. 2/1 A special form of cable has been laid, consisting of four conductors each composed of a strand of seven copper wires.
2. Each of the threads or strips of a woven or plaited material; hence a thread or strip drawn from such material.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > woven > thread(s)
threadc1200
strand1827
1827 J. Bentham Rationale Judicial Evid. II. iv. xii. 691 When, instead of the G.R., come the broad arrow on timber, or the strand in sail-cloth, then comes the doubt..as between written and real evidence.
1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 71 Connected by means of a strand of cotton with a small reservoir of water.
1914 Daily News 30 Sept. 3 [I] had to pull a strand of good Irish homespun from my coat before I could lash it to the mast-head.
figurative.1868 J. T. Nettleship Ess. Browning's Poetry v. 130 A garment in which fear made many strands.1904 S. H. Butcher Harvard Lect. 195 The Platonic dialogues are another case in point. Several strands of thought are here subtly interwoven.
3. Transferred senses.
a. A string of beads, pearls, and the like; also the material on which they are strung.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > jewellery of specific shape or form > [noun] > bead(s)
graina1350
juniper-beads1486
beadc1500
adder-stone1587
bead-stone1677
adder-bead1694
wampumpeag1705
wampum1753
strand1825
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > jewellery of specific shape or form > [noun] > bead(s) > thread or string for
string1612
bead-string1801
strand1825
1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Strawn, a strawn of beads.
1860 J. G. Whittier Truce of Piscataqua 46 In his wigwam..Sits a woman all alone, Wampum beads and birchen strands Dropping from her careless hands.
1876 Surrey Gloss. Strand, a stalk of grass. The children make what they call a strand of strawberries, i.e. they take a long stalk and thread it full of them.
1886 M. F. Sheldon tr. G. Flaubert Salammbô 14 Strands of pearls attached to her temples.
b. A barb or fibre of a feather. (Cf. strain n.3 3.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > [noun] > paro cristatus (peafowl) > parts of
peacock's tail1513
strain1653
strand1847
1847 T. T. Stoddart Angler's Compan. 93 Hoffland's Fancy [fly]... Body: reddish, dark brown silk, red hackle, two or three strands of ditto for tail.
c. A tress or a filament of hair.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > hair > [noun] > a hair
haira800
crinet1573
rib1864
strand1870
1870 Echo 19 Oct. His long hair, not unconscious of a grey strand, hangs over a forehead lofty and massive.
1904 H. G. Wells Food of Gods iii. ii. 233 The breeze had stolen a strand or so of her hair too.
1915 Q. Rev. Oct. 359 Four hundred years after her death..they [Junot's soldiers] found among her bones the thick strands of the marvellous yellow hair which the old books tell of.
d. A thread or filament in animal or vegetable structure.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > villosity or ciliation > [noun] > villus
capillament1681
villus1704
cilia1785
villosity1828
strand1877
microvillus1953
1877 M. Foster Text Bk. Physiol. (1878) iii. i. 394 A sensory nerve in its simplest form may be regarded as a strand of eminently irritable protoplasm.
1879 H. Calderwood Relations Mind & Brain 50 Molecular changes in the brain are consequent upon impulses propagated along the strands of nerve fibres.
1887 H. E. F. Garnsey & I. B. Balfour tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Morphol. & Biol. Fungi 18 The hyphae form by their union elongated branching strands (fibrous or fibrillose mycelia).
1904 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 10 Sept. 583 The strands and nodes of the cytoplasmic reticulum which traverse this ground substance vary a great deal in thickness.
e. Each of the pieces into which a strip of metal is divided by slitting (see quot. 1876).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [noun] > piece of metal in other form
blank?1590
knee1825
larget1852
strand1876
core1892
undercloak1896
use1955
1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 218/1 The metal for wire drawing is rolled into long strips..and cut into ‘strands’ by means of slitting rolls.

Compounds

strand ground n. (see quot. 1882).
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > consisting of loops or looped stitches > lace > ground > specific
point ground1801
réseau de Venise1844
réseau à l'aiguille1865
réseau ordinaire1865
vrai réseau1865
wire ground1865
réseau rosacé1875
cinq trous1882
strand ground1882
oeil-de-perdrix1891
1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 463/1 Strand ground. This ground is used to connect sprays of Honiton Lace, and is formed of irregular Bars made on the Pillow and with two Bobbins.
strand-hook n. a hook to which strands of cordage are fastened in the process of tempering; also attributive.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > rope-making equipment > [noun] > other rope-making equipment
warping-tree1404
throw-crook1557
warping-stock1588
spun-yarn winch1627
winch1640
woolder1750
register1793
top minor1793
laying-top1794
warping-block1794
whirl1794
reel1797
warping-post1797
whirl-hook1797
strand-hook1825
spreader1830
register plate1832
wimble1863
snugger1875
strop1875
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 431 Thus bringing all the strands to an equal tension, without one strand-hook making more revolutions than another.
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 431 The strand hook spindles..are so contrived, for the tempering of the strands, that any one or more of them may..be made to slide.

Draft additions 1993

f. Broadcasting. A regular series of programmes having a common theme, style, or format; also, the place in a programme schedule occupied by this.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > [noun] > time of broadcast or place in schedule
fixed point1778
time1924
airtime1931
spot1937
adjacency1947
prime time1947
airdate1950
space1956
slotting1959
airspace1960
time slot1962
slot1964
strand1979
1979 New Scientist 3 May 352/3 If the subject matter falls within the brief of one of the established programme series—or ‘strands’ as the BBC calls them—then the way in which one chooses to treat the subject must tally with an audience's expectation of that series.
1985 Financial Times 7 Dec. 9/3 Brook Productions has made no complaint about the nonrenewal of ‘A Week in Politics’. C4 has always said that programme strands would have a limited life.
1989 Television Week 8–14 June 2/6 The Channel For Living will contain ‘information’ programming and women's strands.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

strandv.1

Brit. /strand/, U.S. /strænd/
Etymology: < strand n.1 Compare Dutch, German stranden, Danish strande, Swedish, Icelandic stranda, intransitive to run aground.
1. transitive. To drive or force aground on a shore, esp. on the sea-shore; also rarely of a river, to leave aground (by the ebbing of the tide).
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > absence of movement > render immobile [verb (transitive)] > stop the movement of > by leaving aground
strand1621
society > travel > travel by water > grounding of vessel > be aground (by so much) [verb (transitive)] > cause to run aground > accidentally
warp1535
sand1560
gravel1582
strand1621
1621 in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1618–21 (1906) 264 The last yeare..all taken or stranded by the Portugall.
1667 J. Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 ccli. 64 As those who live by shores with joy behold Some wealthy vessel split or stranded nigh.
1680 London Gaz. No. 1508/1 The Adventure, and Bristol..are come up so close with him, that we doubt not but they will either take or strand him.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 120 Mighty Phocæ, never seen before In shallow Streams, are stranded on the shore. View more context for this quotation
1723 D. Defoe Hist. Col. Jack (ed. 2) 352 To..run the Ship a Shoar to save our Lives, and so stranding our Vessel, spoil both Sloop and Cargo.
1777 J. Cook Jrnl. 6 Nov. (1969) II. 576 They..farther asserted that neither her or any other Ship had been Stranded on the Coast.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. v. iii. 303 The corpses of the first were flung into the Rhone, but the Rhone stranded some.
1843 A. Bethune Sc. Peasant's Fire-side 117 The vessel was stranded in a gale during the night, on the west coast of England.
2. transferred and figurative. Chiefly in passive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > of difficulty: beset (a person) [verb (transitive)] > put (a person) in difficulty > leave stuck
strand1837
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. vi. v. 391 Your National Assembly, like a ship water-logged, helmless, lies tumbling;..and waits where the waves of chance may please to strand it.
1850 J. S. Blackie tr. Æschylus Lyrical Dramas II. 64 Thy pride will strand thee on a worser woe.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. viii. 264 When a glacier diminishes in size it leaves its lateral moraines stranded on the flanks of the valleys.
1874 J. Ruskin Fors Clavigera IV. xxxvii. 3 I am left utterly stranded and alone in life and thought.
1876 M. E. Braddon Joshua Haggard's Daughter I. 5 A man of superior mind, stranded for life in such a place as Combhaven, might naturally think himself a king.
1880 G. Smith Cowper ii. 22 At thirty-five he was stranded and desolate.
1885 A. Seth Sc. Philos. ii. 68 When he [Hume] had given free scope to his logical acuteness, he stranded himself equally with his masters on the consequences he arrived at.
3. intransitive. To run aground.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (intransitive)] > come to an impasse or be stuck
to stick in the claya1475
stick1534
stale1597
cumber1600
to stick in the mud1603
straita1616
strand1687
quagmire1701
stog1855
slew1890
bunker1894
bog1928
to be bogged1953
society > travel > travel by water > grounding of vessel > be aground [verb (intransitive)] > go aground > accidentally
runc1275
to fall on shorea1400
strike1518
shore1600
to run agrounda1616
embanka1649
strand1687
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 17 It blowing so fresh, and we having all our Sails abroad, the Ship in all probability should have stranded.
1705 tr. W. Bosman New Descr. Coast of Guinea xx. 418 They belong'd to a small French Pyrate, which stranded there about ten Days before.
1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 68 Lost 6 or 7 ships of the line, two by catching fire..and the others by stranding on the sandbanks.
1864 Ld. Tennyson Enoch Arden in Enoch Arden, etc. 30 Half the night, Buoy'd upon floating tackle and broken spars, These drifted, stranding on an isle at morn.
1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 17 Feb. 7/2 The Guion Line steamer Wisconsin stranded yesterday during a fog on the outer bar,..and remained fast.
figurative.1901 Munsey's Mag. (U.S.) XXV. 668/1 An old fellow in Mariposa County, California, who stranded there when the current of the forty niners ebbed out of the hills.1908 H. Wales Old Allegiance (ed. 2) ix. 148 So I stranded in a remarkable quandary.

Derivatives

ˈstranding n. and adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > absence of movement > [adjective] > coming to rest > running aground
stranding1817
society > travel > travel by water > grounding of vessel > [noun] > accidentally
groundage1477
running1657
grounding1769
stranding1817
1817 W. Selwyn Abridgem. Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) II. 882 To constitute a stranding it is essential that the vessel should be stationary; the striking on a rock where the vessel remains for a minute and a half only, is not a stranding, though she thereby receives an injury, which eventually proves fatal.
1884 Sir T. Brassey in 19th Cent. Mar. 445 Careless shipmasters and mates are responsible for many collisions and strandings.
1904 H. G. Wells Food of Gods ii. ii. 190 Big frogs, bigger trout and stranding carp.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

strandv.2

Brit. /strand/, U.S. /strænd/
Etymology: < strand n.4
1. intransitive. Of a rope: To break one or more of its strands. Also transitive, to break one or more of the strands of (a rope).
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > break [verb (intransitive)] > of a specific thing
stranda1780
a1780 G. Gilbert in Besant Capt. Cook (1890) 169 The hawser we had reeved for that purpose being so rotten, that it stranded in five or six places as we were heaving.
1841 R. H. Dana Seaman's Man. 128 A rope is stranded when one of its strands is parted or broken by chafing or by a strain.
1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xii. 88 In another attempt a four-inch hawser will be stranded without producing the slightest effect.
2. transitive. To form (a rope) by the twisting of strands.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > rope-making > make rope [verb (transitive)] > other specific processes
lay1486
throw?c1625
register1793
re-lay1804
warp1815
to lay upc1860
tube1863
wimble1874
strand1886
fluff1892
1886 Encycl. Brit. XX. 846/1 Wire ropes are stranded..in machines which do not differ in essential features from the ordinary rope-making machinery.
3. To insert a strand or filament in (a texture). Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > sewing or ornamenting textile fabric > sew or ornament textile fabric [verb (transitive)] > sew > other
to take up1620
fell1758
cross-stitch1794
strand1894
prick-stitch1895
stab-stitch1917
lockstitch1919
the world > matter > colour > variegation > variegate [verb (transitive)]
chequer?a1400
fleckc1430
engrail1483
shoot1532
begary1538
intermingle1553
enchase1590
diaper1592
sinew1592
motley1602
intercolour1607
damask1610
particolour1610
inshade1613
freta1616
enamel1650
discolour1656
variegatea1728
jasper1799
intershoot1845
patchwork1853
pattern1898
strand1914
harlequin-
1894 J. E. Davis Elem. Mod. Dressmaking 116 Very careful workers strand their button-holes—i.e. carry a thread of silk across each edge over which to work the stitch.
1909 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Strand,..3. To weave a strand in, as with a needle in mending a garment; as, to strand a stocking; to strand a hole or rent.
1914 Blackwood's Mag. Nov. 581/2 Time..has..prettily stranded her black hair with grey.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1c1000n.2a1240n.3a1400n.41497v.11621v.2a1780
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