Stokesn.1
/stəʊks/, U.S. /stoʊks/ Physics.
Used in the possessive and attributively to designate concepts and phenomena discovered by Stokes or arising out of his work.
a. Stokes' theorem n. the theorem that the line integral of a vector function round a closed path is equal to the surface integral of the curl of the function over any surface bounded by the path.
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the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [noun] > mathematical enquiry > proposition > theorem > specific theorem
pons asinorum1718
Fermat's theorem1845
Bernoulli's theorem1865
Fermat's last theorem1865
Fourier's theorem1880
remainder theorem1886
Stokes' theorem1893
Jordan('s) (curve) theorem1900
Waring's theorem1920
Gödel's theorem1933
maximin1953
incompleteness theorem1955
Schwarz inequality1955
1893 J. J. Thomson Notes Res. Electr. & Magn. i. 10 Now by Stokes' theorem ∫ (Xdx + Ydy + Zdz) taken round a closed circuit is equal to [etc.].
1940 E. T. Bell Devel. Math. xviii. 364 Stokes' theorem, its proof, and its generalizations have developed into a thriving industry of modern analysis.
1975 R. L. Ferrari Introd. Electromagn. Fields vi. 109 We have postulated Maxwell's equations in their integral form... Using the vector calculus rule, Stokes' theorem, these can be transformed into differential relationships required to hold everywhere in space.
b. Stokes' law n. the statement (not always true) that in fluorescence the wavelength of the emitted radiation is longer than that of the radiation causing it. Also Stokes' line, Stokes shift, etc., with reference to spectral emission lines at a lower frequency than the stimulating or incident radiation.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > decomposition of light, spectrum > [noun] > spectral line > at lower frequency
Stokes' line1926
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > intensity of light, luminosity > [noun] > fluorescence > law concerning
Stokes' law1926
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 124/1 According to the experimental law of Stokes, the wave-lengths of the fluorescent radiation are longer than those of the radiation which excites it.]
1926 R. W. Lawson tr. G. von Hevesy & F. A. Paneth Man. Radioactivity v. 57 It is the same condition as that with which we meet in optics in connection with the occurrence of fluorescence according to Stokes' law.
1949 P. Pringsheim Fluorescence & Phosphorescence ii. 163 The fourth row of the same table shows..the distances of the first Stokes line from the exciting line.
1949 P. Pringsheim Fluorescence & Phosphorescence vii. 556 Even if the absorption and emission correspond to the same electronic transition,..relatively large Stokes shifts have a great probability [in crystal phosphors].
1973 McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. & Technol. 307/1 Other consequences of the transient nature of the scattering are that the Raman-shifted (Stokes) pulse is both narrowed in time and delayed with respect to the exciting pulse.
1975 D. H. Burrin in Williams & Wilson Biologist's Guide to Princ. & Techniques Pract. Biochem. v. 146 The energy emitted from these molecules in regaining the ground state within a period of less than 10—8 s gives rise to a fluorescent peak, showing the Stokes' shift.
1978 P. W. Atkins Physical Chem. xvii. 562 (caption) Stokes and anti-Stokes rotational Raman lines.
c. Stokes' law n. (also Stokes' formula) the statement that the resisting force on a spherical particle moving through a fluid is 6πηVr (where η is the viscosity of the fluid, V the speed of the particle, and r its radius), so that its limiting rate of fall is 2gr2ρ/9η (where g is the acceleration due to gravity and ρ the difference in density between the particle and the fluid).
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the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > fluid dynamics > [noun] > kinematic viscosity > laws or equations
Stokes' law1910
Navier–Stokes equation1942
1910 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1909 407 To test Stokes's formula for air, the size, density, and terminal velocity of fall of some spherical spores were determined.
1936 Discovery Nov. 349/2 This period [of settlement of dust particles] is dependent on the application of Stokes' law, and hangs on particle size, density, etc.
1968 P. A. P. Moran Introd. Probability Theory ix. 431 Assume that the particle, besides being spherical, is large enough for Stokes law to give a good estimate of the resisting force.
1974 G. S. Ormsby in P. L. Moore et al. Drilling Practices Man. vi. 158 Since Stokes Law applies in a sand trap, large quantities of barites..may be settled from weighted drilling fluids.
1983 Sci. Amer. Apr. 128/2 Many of the grains in Middle Eastern coffee are too large to fall according to Stokes's law.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
Stokesn.2
/stəʊks/, U.S. /stoʊks/ Used attributively and absol. to designate a type of trench mortar invented by Stokes.
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society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [noun] > mortar > trench mortar
trench mortar1871
minenwerfer1914
mine-thrower1914
Minnie1915
Stokes1915
toc emma1916
T.M.1925
Moaning Minnie1944
1915 W. S. Churchill Let. 7 Sept. in M. Gilbert Winston S. Churchill (1972) III. Compan. ii. 1167 In the early part of June, Lloyd George and I were shown the Stokes gun in action.
1919 Athenæum 25 July 664/1 ‘Stokes’, the name of the inventor of the T.M., has, by metonymy, come to mean the trench mortar gun itself (so ‘Nissen’ = hut; ‘Armstrong’ =0 hut).
1919 King's Royal Rifle Corps Chron. 1916 81 Stokes mortars and Lewis gun fire subdued the enemy's resistance.
1923 R. Kipling Irish Guards in Great War II. 146 Our own two-inch Stokes in the front line strove to cover the noise by separate rapid fire.
1930 G. B. Shaw What I really wrote about War (1931) 241 The thermit shower was produced by firing from Stokes guns a cloud of shells packed with it.
1974 A. Price Other Paths to Glory i. i. 16 Their dead hanging on the unbroken barbed wire among the dud shells and unexploded Stokes mortar bombs.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
stokesn.3
/stəʊks/ Physics.
The unit of kinematic viscosity in the C.G.S. system, equal to 1 cm.2 sec.−1
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the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > fluid dynamics > [noun] > kinematic viscosity > unit of
poise1913
centipoise1916
rhe1924
stokes1931
centistokes1933
1931 G. Barr Monogr. Viscometry i. 4 Jacob [sic] has proposed that the C.G.S. unit be called the ‘stokes’, but the suggestion has not yet had time to bear fruit.
1934 Proc. World Petroleum Congress 1933 II. 508/2 As the unit of kinematic viscosity..the stokes and the derived centistokes have been adopted.
1961 V. L. Streeter Handbk. Fluid Dynamics i. 14 The unit of one square centimeter per second is called a stoke. The centistoke (= 0·01 stoke) is often a more convenient unit.
1964 Sabersky & Acosta Fluid Flow i. 10 In the c.g.s. system,..the unit of absolute viscosity..is called a poise, and the unit of kinematic viscosity, 1 cm.2/sec., is called a stoke.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
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