stewn.¹

Brit.

/stjuː/,

/stʃuː/, U.S.

/st(j)u/

Forms: Middle English stuwe, (?) stuy, Middle English–1600s stewe, stue, Middle English stiewe, stwe, styuye, stywe, stywye, Middle English– stew.

Etymology: < Old French estui (modern French étui case, sheath, also tub for keeping fish in a boat), verbal noun < estuier to shut up, keep in reserve. Godefroy has an instance (dated 1396) of Old French estui in the sense of the English word, although he explains it wrongly.

†1. In the phrase in stew [= Old French en estui] , said of fish kept in confinement, to be ready for the table.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > fish-keeping, farming, or breeding > [adjective] > confined

in stewc1405

stenched1621

c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 352 Ful many a fat partrych hadde he in Muwe And many a breem, and many a luce in Stuwe.

a1500 Piers of Fulham (James) in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1866) II. 3 They went fyscheng with envye..And gon yn to the waren al be nyght... They brybe and stele what they may of the best, That soiowrne and kept byn in stewe, ffor store that nothynge schuld hem remewe.

1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 13^v Thy ponds renew, put Eeles in stew. To liue till lent.

a. A pond or tank in which fish are kept until needed for the table.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > fish-keeping, farming, or breeding > [noun] > fish-pond or -tank

fish-poolc950

fish-housec1000

viverc1330

stew1387

piscinaa1398

piscinea1400

fishpondc1440

trunk1440

moat1463

stagnec1470

servatorya1475

viviera1500

fish-stew1552

vivarium1600

shut1605

fish-stove1615

keep1617

estang1628

vivarya1634

nursery1772

preserve1849

whalerya1880

fish tank1957

1387 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 2 Þ^e sesterne þat longeþ to the stuys.

139. Earl Derby's Exped. (Camden) 74 Cuidam valetto custodienti le Stewe manerii Episcopi, vs. pr.

c1400 Pilgr. Sowle (1859) v. xiv. 80 The Apostles were the fysshers whiche that Crist found in this worldly see; whiche fisshes he putte in the stewe of his loued chirche.

c1450 Godstow Reg. 665 Stywys, dichis and briggis.

1539 Act 31 Hen. VIII c. 2 All manner of fisshinges with any nettes [etc.]..in any severall ponde stewe or mote withe an intent to steale fisshe out of the same.

1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 234 A contrivance for Fish-ponds,..where the stews not only feed one another,..and may be sewed by letting the water of the upper Ponds out into the lower.

1755 Cambridge in World No. 123. ⁋2 It would be a noble employment for the lovers of antiquity, to study to restore those infallible resources of luxury, the salt-water stews of the Romans.

1774 T. West Antiq. Furness 95 Their mills, kilns, ovens, and stews for receiving their fish.

1862 D. T. Ansted & R. G. Latham Channel Islands ii. ix. 213 A somewhat remarkable natural stew or pond exists in Jersey, in the manor of St. Ouen.

1888 G. B. Goode Amer. Fishes 24 The young fish may advantageously be confined in ‘stews’ or artificial enclosures.

†b. transferred. A pond of any kind; also, a moat.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > lake > pond > [noun]

pound1248

pond1287

piscinaa1398

piscinea1400

stewc1440

dike1788

pondlet1839

mardle1866

tank1898

suck-hole1909

c1440 Pallad. on Husb. i. 769 Let make a stewe With rayn watir, thyn herbis to renewe.

1592 W. Wyrley Capitall de Buz in True Vse Armorie 139 This castle was inuirond with deep stew.

3. An artificial oyster bed.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > fish-keeping, farming, or breeding > [noun] > breeding oysters > oyster-bed

oyster-leyne1581

oyster bed1591

stew1610

greening-pit1667

layer1735

laying1837

park1867

plantation1881

hive1882

claire1901

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 335 Oisters, (whereof there are many pits, or stewes).

1625 T. Middleton Game at Chæss v. iii He that inuented the first stewes, for Oysters, And other Sea-fish.

1817 J. Evans Excursion to Windsor 452 At Colchester, Milton, &c., stews or layers of Oysters are formed in places which nature had never allotted for them.

1881 E. Ingersoll Oyster-industry (10th Census U.S.: Bureau of Fisheries) 249 Stew, an artificial bed of oysters. Applied to the old Roman, and also to the modern methods of fattening (English).

4. A breeding place for pheasants.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > gamekeeping > [noun] > place where pheasants kept

pheasantry1718

stew1888

1888 in Cassell's Encycl. Dict. VII.

Compounds

attributive, as †stew-pool, stew-pond.

ΚΠ

1623 Althorp MS. in J. N. Simpkinson Washingtons (1860) App. p. l To Martin 3 daies at the stue poole..00 02 02... To Browne 6 daies raming the stue poole heade..00 03 00.

1811 J. Austen Sense & Sensibility II. viii. 140 There is a dove-cote, some delightful stewponds, and a very pretty canal.

1865 G. F. Berkeley My Life & Recoll. II. 314 In a stew-pond you may tame a fish to a certain extent.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

stewn.²

Brit.

/stjuː/,

/stʃuː/, U.S.

/st(j)u/

Forms: Middle English stu, stuwe, stuyue, styue, Middle English stwe, Middle English stw, stywe, Middle English–1500s stue, Middle English–1600s stewe, Middle English styewe, 1500s stuue, plural stuse, 1500s– stew.

Etymology: < Old French estuve (modern French étuve ), a Common Romanic word, represented by Provençal estuba , Spanish estufa , Portuguese estufa , Italian stufa ; the discrepant forms seem to proceed from the two vulgar Latin forms, stūpha (stūfa ) and stūpa , both which are recorded in medieval Latin. The ulterior etymology is obscure: some regard the word as a verbal noun < a vulgar Latin verb *extūfāre , < *tūfus (Italian tufo ) vapour, < Greek τῦϕος . Connection of some kind no doubt exists between the Romance word and the Germanic root *stuƀ- in Old English stuf-bæþ hot-air bath, stofa masculine bath (modern English stove v.¹), Middle Dutch stove, modern Dutch stoof feminine stove, footwarmer, Dutch stoven to stew, Old High German stuba feminine heated room, bath-room (Middle High German, modern German stube room), Old Norse stufa, stofa weak feminine room with a fireplace (Swedish stufva, stuga cottage, Danish stue room). The Italian stufa was in the 17th cent. adopted as stufe n.

I. A stove, heated room.

†1.

a. A vessel for boiling, a caldron. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking vessel or pot > [noun] > cauldron or kettle

kettlea700

leada1100

cauldronc1300

chetelc1300

stewc1305

chaldron1555

bashron1660

c1305 Land Cokaygne 109 Þe leuerokes..Liȝtiþ adun to man is muþ Idiȝt in stu ful swiþe wel Pudrid wiþ gilofre and canel.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. xi. sig. L5 As burning Aetna from his boyling stew Doth belch out flames, and rockes in peeces broke.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) v. i. 316 Here in Vienna, Where I haue seene corruption boyle and bubble, Till it ore-run the Stew .

†b. A furnace for heating rooms by flues. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > [noun] > other furnaces

retort furnace1688

stew1688

reheating furnace1818

reheating oven1839

water oven1848

Siemens producer1866

decomposing furnace1876

reheat furnace1931

exfoliator1944

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 424/1 A Stew or Stove... This is a thing by which Rooms are made warm, for Sick and Crazy Bodies, which cannot approach near a Fire.

†2.

a. A heated room; a room with a fireplace.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > types of room generally > [noun] > warm room or room with fire

stewc1374

stove?1542

fire room1591

firehouse1632

stove-room1706

zeta1706

c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 601 Troylus..myght it se Thurgh out a lytel wyndowe in a stuwe, Ther he by-shet syn myd~nyght was [in] mewe.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xi. 131 It fresethe more strongly in tho Contrees than on this half; and therfore hathe every man Stewes in his Hous, and in tho Stewes thei eten and don here Occupatiouns.

1572 R. Harrison tr. L. Lavater Of Ghostes ii. xvi. 165 They heard a knyfe falling from the upper parte, or floore of the stewe, wherein they were, yetsawe they nothing.

†b. ‘A hatter's drying room.’ Obsolete or spurious; the French étuve has this sense.

ΚΠ

1847 in J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words

3. A heated room used for hot air or vapour baths: hence, a hot bath. Obsolete exc. Historical or archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing oneself or body > [noun] > bathing > a bath > hot air or steam bath

stew1390

stovec1485

stufe1541

stow1614

furo1615

Turkish bath1644

estuary1657

steam-bath1725

Russian bath1770

stufa1832

sweat-bath1877

sauna1881

shvitz1937

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 291 The bathes and the stwes bothe Thei schetten in be every weie.

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 192 His bodi schal be wel frotid in þe baþ ouþer in a stewe.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 481/1 Stwe, bathe, stupha, terme.

a1475 Bk. Quinte Essence (1889) 16 Þe paralitik man schal be hool..if ȝe make him a stewe hoot and moist with herbis.

1480 Table Prouffytable Lernynge (Caxton) (1964) 40 Natalye the wyf of the stewes Kepeth a good styewe... They goon thedyr to be stewed Alle the strangers.

1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xxiv. f. 52 [50]^v After his exercyse..he entred into a bayne or stewe not hotte, where he taried sommetyme by the space of one houre.

?1550 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Healthe sig. U.ii Then put the pacient in a stewe or hote house.

1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. 142 There is scarce any house which hath not also in the yard a stew, wherein they bath themselves with hot water.

1656 tr. J. A. Comenius Latinæ Linguæ Janua Reserata: Gate Lat. Tongue Unlocked xlvii. §467 Being entred into a stew or hot-hous, wee get up into the sweating-tub, and draw out the sweat.

1799 W. Tooke View Russ. Empire I. 357 A messuage consists of a dwelling-house, a few little store-rooms, stables, and a stew or hot-bath, by which the yard is inclosed.

1809 A. Henry Trav. & Adventures Canada 301 Stews, sudatories, or sweating-houses, are resorted to for cure of sickness, for pleasure, or [etc.].

1827 G. Canning Poet. Wks. 30 Oh! where is the great Doctor Dominicetti, With his stews and his flues, and his vapours to sweat ye?

1842 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 3) Stove..is used for drying various substances, as plants, extracts, conserves, &c., or for taking vapour baths. In this case the stew or stove is said to be wet or humid; in the opposite case, it is said to be dry.

1865 Pall Mall Gaz. 23 Sept. 6/2 Above the vaults the original Turkish bath, or ‘stew,’ remains in good preservation.

4. A brothel. (Developed from sense 3, on account of the frequent use of the public hot-air bath-houses for immoral purposes. Cf. bagnio n.)

(a) In plural (chiefly collective; sometimes, a quarter occupied by houses of ill-fame).

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > prostitution > [noun] > brothel

houseOE

bordelc1300

whorehousec1330

stew1362

bordel housec1384

stewc1384

stivec1386

stew-house1436

bordelryc1450

brothel house1486

shop?1515

bains1541

common house1545

bawdy-house1552

hothouse1556

bordello1581

brothela1591

trugging house1591

trugging place1591

nunnery1593

vaulting-house1596

leaping house1598

Pickt-hatch1598

garden house1606

vaulting-school1606

flesh-shambles1608

whore-sty1621

bagnioa1640

public house1640

harlot-house1641

warrena1649

academy1650

call house1680

coney burrow1691

case1699

nanny-house1699

house of ill reputea1726

smuggling-ken1725

kip1766

Corinth1785

disorderly house1809

flash-house1816

dress house1823

nanny-shop1825

house of tolerance1842

whore shop1843

drum1846

introducing house1846

khazi1846

fast house1848

harlotry1849

maison de tolérance1852

knocking-shop1860

lupanar1864

assignation house1870

parlour house1871

hook shop1889

sporting house1894

meat house1896

massage parlour1906

case house1912

massage establishment1921

moll-shop1923

camp1925

notch house1926

creep joint1928

slaughterhouse1928

maison de convenance1930

cat-house1931

Bovril1936

maison close1939

joy-house1940

rib joint1940

gaff1947

maison de passe1960

rap parlour1973

1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. vii. 65 Iacke þe Iogelour And Ionete of þe stuyues.

c1386 G. Chaucer Friar's Tale 34 So been wommen of the styves,..yput out of my cure.

1436 Rolls of Parl. IV. 511/1 No person that had dwelled at the comone Stywes.

c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Augustine (1910) 8 He used tauernes and stewis and swech sory gouernauns as [etc.].

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxx. 415 Ye Ianettys of the stewys And lychoures on lofte.

a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Dii^v Some of them renneth strayght to the stuse.

1550 R. Crowley One & Thyrtye Epigrammes sig. Bi^v The bawdes of the stues be turned all out.

1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) ii. 90 b Many Gentlemen..thinke it no lesse shame to be seene in y^e companie of y^e baser sort, than to be taken in the common stewes.

1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares 77 London, what are thy Suburbes but licensed Stewes?

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy iii. ii. ii. i. 545 In Italie and Spaine, they haue their stewes in euery great Cittie.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. v. 239 At this time also, by the King's command, were the Stewes suppressed.

1681 T. D'Urfey Progr. Honesty iv. 4 Tickets from the Beldame of the Stews.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 33. ⁋9 All Affectation by any other Arts to please the Eyes of Men, would be banished to the Stews for ever.

1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1776 II. 52 Johnson: He strongly censured the licensed stews at Rome.

1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist III. xxxix. 56 And the most noisome of the stews and dens of London.

1865 J. Hatton Bitter Sweets xxxvi He frequented the dens and fashionable stews of the metropolis.

1873 W. H. Dixon Hist. Two Queens I. iii. i. 118 Their ranks were filled by rogues and scare-crows from the styes and stews.

figurative.1657 J. Trapp Comm. Job II. (Job. iv. 13) 43 Carnall hearts are..stewes of unclean thoughts.

(b) (See quots.)Perhaps an error.

ΚΠ

1836 S. Cooper Dict. Pract. Surg. (ed. 6) 332 (Cassell) In the borough of Southwark..there were places called stews, where prostitutes were confined, and received the benefits of surgical assistance.

1888 Cassell's Encycl. Dict. VII. Stew..an early form of lock hospital.

†b. in plural form construed as singular. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1531 W. Tyndale Answere Mores Dialoge f. cvi^v His settynge vpp in rome a stuees not of wemen only, but of the male kynd also agenst nature and a thousand abhominacions to grosse for a turke, are tokens good ynough that he is the right antichrist.

1572 C. Carlile Disc. Peter f. 33^v Hee deflowred Maydes and straungers: made Lateranense (that holy Pallace) a Stewes, and brothall house.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Huleu, the name of a Stewes in Paris.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. ix. 406 A playne Stewes or Brothel house.

1650 W. Brough Sacred Princ. 176 Lasciviousnesse..is sacrilegiously to make the Body (Gods Temple) a Stewes.

1691 A. Gavin Frauds Romish Monks 61 A Monk..very scandalously kept a publick Stews.

†c. in singular. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > prostitution > [noun] > brothel

houseOE

bordelc1300

whorehousec1330

stew1362

bordel housec1384

stewc1384

stivec1386

stew-house1436

bordelryc1450

brothel house1486

shop?1515

bains1541

common house1545

bawdy-house1552

hothouse1556

bordello1581

brothela1591

trugging house1591

trugging place1591

nunnery1593

vaulting-house1596

leaping house1598

Pickt-hatch1598

garden house1606

vaulting-school1606

flesh-shambles1608

whore-sty1621

bagnioa1640

public house1640

harlot-house1641

warrena1649

academy1650

call house1680

coney burrow1691

case1699

nanny-house1699

house of ill reputea1726

smuggling-ken1725

kip1766

Corinth1785

disorderly house1809

flash-house1816

dress house1823

nanny-shop1825

house of tolerance1842

whore shop1843

drum1846

introducing house1846

khazi1846

fast house1848

harlotry1849

maison de tolérance1852

knocking-shop1860

lupanar1864

assignation house1870

parlour house1871

hook shop1889

sporting house1894

meat house1896

massage parlour1906

case house1912

massage establishment1921

moll-shop1923

camp1925

notch house1926

creep joint1928

slaughterhouse1928

maison de convenance1930

cat-house1931

Bovril1936

maison close1939

joy-house1940

rib joint1940

gaff1947

maison de passe1960

rap parlour1973

c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame 26 By abstinence, or by sekenesse, Prison, stewe, or grete distresse.

1554 J. Bale Declar. Bonner's Articles 43 Hys house was nothing elles but a common stewe.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) i. vi. 153 To Mart As in a Romish Stew .

1634 J. Canne Necessitie of Separation iii. 132 For the glorie of God, that it may appeare his house to be no cage of uncleane birds, no stye of swine, no den of theeves, no stewes or brothelhouse.

1640 Depos. 5 Mar. in Glouc. Dioc. Reg. The breeding of the said Judith Ansley was noe better then in a Stewe or whorehouse.

1790 By-stander 373 Father and son may, with propriety, be seen together at the same stew.

1809 E. A. Kendall Trav. Northern Parts U.S. I. xiii. 155 Dost thou suppose, villain, I am acquainted with bad houses? What dost thou want of a stew?

†d. (singular and plural.) A bawd or prostitute. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > prostitution > [noun] > a prostitute

meretrixOE

whoreOE

soiled dovea1250

common womanc1330

putec1384

bordel womanc1405

putaina1425

brothelc1450

harlot?a1475

public womanc1510

naughty pack?1529

draba1533

cat1535

strange woman1535

stew1552

causey-paikera1555

putanie?1566

drivelling1570

twigger1573

punka1575

hackney1579

customer1583

commodity1591

streetwalker1591

traffic1591

trug1591

hackster1592

polecat1593

stale1593

mermaid1595

medlar1597

occupant1598

Paphian1598

Winchester goose1598

pagan1600

hell-moth1602

aunt1604

moll1604

prostitution1605

community1606

miss1606

night-worm1606

bat1607

croshabell1607

prostitute1607

pug1607

venturer1607

nag1608

curtal1611

jumbler1611

land-frigate1611

walk-street1611

doll-common1612

turn-up1612

barber's chaira1616

commonera1616

public commonera1616

trader1615

venturea1616

stewpot1616

tweak1617

carry-knave1623

prostibule1623

fling-dusta1625

mar-taila1625

night-shadea1625

waistcoateera1625

night trader1630

coolera1632

meretrician1631

painted ladya1637

treadle1638

buttock1641

night-walker1648

mob?1650

lady (also girl, etc.) of the game1651

lady of pleasure1652

trugmullion1654

fallen woman1659

girlc1662

high-flyer1663

fireship1665

quaedama1670

small girl1671

visor-mask1672

vizard-mask1672

bulker1673

marmalade-madam1674

town miss1675

town woman1675

lady of the night1677

mawks1677

fling-stink1679

Whetstone whore1684

man-leech1687

nocturnal1693

hack1699

strum1699

fille de joie1705

market-dame1706

screw1725

girl of (the) town1733

Cytherean1751

street girl1764

monnisher1765

lady of easy virtue1766

woman (also lady) of the town1766

kennel-nymph1771

chicken1782

stargazer1785

loose fish1809

receiver general1811

Cyprian1819

mollya1822

dolly-mop1834

hooker1845

charver1846

tail1846

horse-breaker1861

professional1862

flagger1865

cocodette1867

cocotte1867

queen's woman1871

common prostitute1875

joro1884

geisha1887

horizontal1888

flossy1893

moth1896

girl of the pavement1900

pross1902

prossie1902

pusher1902

split-arse mechanic1903

broad1914

shawl1922

bum1923

quiff1923

hustler1924

lady of the evening1924

prostie1926

working girl1928

prostisciutto1930

maggie1932

brass1934

brass nail1934

mud kicker1934

scupper1935

model1936

poule de luxe1937

pro1937

chromo1941

Tom1941

pan-pan1949

twopenny upright1958

scrubber1959

slack1959

yum-yum girl1960

Suzie Wong1962

mattress1964

jamette1965

ho1966

sex worker1971

pavement princess1976

parlour girl1979

crack whore1990

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > prostitution > [noun] > pimping or procuring > procurer of either sex > procuress

butcheressa1475

stew1552

bawdress1569

brokeress1582

pander1585

abbess1594

aunt1604

panderess1604

hackney womanc1616

bronstrops1617

procuress1638

provincialc1640

fruit-woman1673

flesh-broker1699

broker-woman1723

commode1725

coupleress1864

hack1864

procureuse1930

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Stew, bavde, or marchaunt of whores, leno.

1578 G. Whetstone Promos & Cassandra: 1st Pt. iv. iii. sig. Eij^v Shall Cassandra now be termed, in common speeche, a stewes?

1639 J. Mayne Citye Match v. v I have matcht a Stewes; The notedst woman oth' Towne.

1650 A. Weldon Court & Char. King James 146 Instead of that beauty he had a notorious Stew sent him.

II. Senses derived from stew v.²

5. A preparation of meat slowly boiled in a stew-pan, generally containing vegetables, rice, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > meat dishes > [noun] > stewed meat

stewpot1542

estew1566

fricassee1568

ragout1652

pepperpot1698

grenade1706

haricot1706

pupton1706

lobscouse1707

stew1756

puchero1802

granada1806

bredie1815

muddle1833

scouse1840

slum1847

hashmagandy1851

ropa vieja1855

chilli con carne1857

sorpotel1863

goulash1866

daube1877

paprikash1877

chilli1886

pot-pie1890

slumgullion1902

cholent1903

cracker-hash1904

cracker-stew1909

gippo1914

waterzooi1915

Fanny Adams1921

adobo1938

cassoulet1940

feijoada1941

coddle1942

stifado1950

rancho1957

tinga1964

1756 M. Calderwood Lett. & Jrnls. (1884) xii. 302 They can dress..upon this stove, a roast, a boill, a fry, a stew and a bake.

1818 Ld. Byron Beppo vii. 10 Because they have no sauces to their stews.

1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. xviii. 188 It's a stew of tripe..and cow-heel..and bacon..and peas, cauliflowers, new potatoes, and sparrow-grass, all working up together in one delicious gravy.

1873 ‘Ouida’ Pascarèl I. 53 Mariuccia poured her stew into a dish.

figurative.1859 C. Dickens Tale of Two Cities ii. iv. 51 The last sediment of the human stew that had been boiling there all day.

6. A state of excitement, esp. of great alarm or anxiety.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > excitement > nervous excitement > [noun]

fever1340

motiona1398

quotidian?a1439

rufflea1535

commotion1581

fret1582

hurry1600

puddering1603

tumultuousnessa1617

trepidation1625

feverishness1638

boilingc1660

fermentationc1660

tumult1663

ferment1672

stickle1681

fuss1705

whirl1707

flurry1710

sweat1715

fluster1728

pucker1740

flutter1741

flustration1747

flutteration1753

tremor1753

swithera1768

twitteration1775

state1781

stew1806

scrow1808

tumultuating1815

flurrification1822

tew1825

purr1842

pirr1856

tête montée1859

go1866

faff1874

poultry flutter1876

palaver1878

thirl1879

razzle-dazzle1885

nervism1887

flurry-scurry1888

fikiness1889

foment1889

dither1891

swivet1892

flusterment1895

tither1896

overwroughtness1923

mania1925

stumer1932

tizzy1935

two and eight1938

snit1939

tizz1953

tiswas1960

wahala1966

the mind > emotion > fear > apprehension > [noun] > fright caused by alarm

frighta1325

affrayc1380

fray1398

gloppeninga1400

alarma1460

scare1548

affright1566

affrightment1593

aghastment1594

surprise1609

gastc1686

gliff1732

stew1806

stink1819

feeze1825

startlement1927

1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. i. 7 Our perplexities, and alarms, at which they presume to sneer, under the nick-names of rubs, bores, stews, takings, &c.

1809 Lady Lyttelton Corr. (1912) 85 Poor Mr. Allen is in a stew about his sermon.

1818 W. Cobbett Year's Resid. U.S.A. i. i. 34 What a stew a man would be in in England, if he had his grain lying about out of doors in this way!

1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words (at cited word) In a sad stew, in a state of great perplexity.

1849 E. E. Napier Excursions Southern Afr. II. 248 As you may readily fancy, I was all the time in a most confounded stew, lest the tender, pulpy branches should give way.

1884 Sword & Trowel Jan. 41 As to France..she is in an everlasting stew.

7. colloquial. A state of being overheated or bathed in perspiration. Cf. stew v.² 3a, 3d.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretions > perspirations > [noun] > state

sweatiness1688

stew1892

1892 A. M. Fairbairn in W. B. Selbie Life A. M. Fairbairn (1914) ix. 330 I never was in such a stew, as it were confined in a stove within stoves.

1909 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Stew,..a state of agitating excitement, worry, or confusion; also, a state of heat; as, to be in a stew. Colloq.

Compounds

C1. General attributive. Also stew-house n.

a. (In sense 2.)

† stew-door n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 698 He..gan þe stewe dore al soft vn-pynne.

b. (In sense 4.)

† stew-holder n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

c1430 in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 30 842 That no Stew-holder keep noo Woman wythin his Hous that hath any Sycknesse of Brenning.

1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 331 In a Parliament holden at Westminster the 8. of Henry the second, it was ordayned..That no stewholder or his wife should let or stay any single woman to go and come freely at all times.

stew instructed adj.

ΚΠ

1633 J. Ford Loves Sacrifice iv. sig. H2^v Her stewe-instructed Art.

c. (In sense 5.)

stewgravy n.

ΚΠ

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. viii. [Lestrygonians] 161 Scoffing up stewgravy with sopping sippets of bread.

stew-jar n.

ΚΠ

1913 D. H. Lawrence Sons & Lovers iv. 61 The stew-jar was in the oven.

C2.

stew-bum n. U.S. slang a tramp, spec. one who is habitually drunk (cf. bum n.⁶ 3).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [noun] > one who drinks to excess

houndOE

drinkerc1200

keach-cup?c1225

gulchcupa1250

bollerc1320

taverner1340

ale stake?1515

wine-bibber1535

bibber1536

swill-bowl1542

malt-wormc1550

rinse-pitcher1552

bibblera1556

ale knight1556

tosspot1568

ring-pigger1570

troll-the-bowl1575

malt-bug1577

gossip-pint-pot1580

black pot1582

alehouse knight1583

worrier1584

suck-spigot1585

bezzle1592

bezzlera1593

cup-leech1593

soaker1593

carouser1596

barley-cap1598

swiller1598

rob-pot1599

Philistine1600

sponge1600

wine-knight1601

fill-knaga1605

reel-pot1604

faithful1609

fill-pot1609

bouser1611

spigot-sucker1611

suck-pint1611

whip-can1611

bib-all-night1612

afternoon man1615

potling1616

Bacchanalian1617

bombard1617

pot-shot1617

potisuge1620

trougha1625

tumbrila1625

borachioa1627

pot-leech1630

kill-pota1637

biberon1637

bang-pitcher1639

son of Bacchusc1640

shuffler1642

suck-bottlea1652

swill-pot1653

poter1657

potatora1660

old soaker1665

fuddle cap1666

old toast1668

bubber1669

toper1673

ale-toast1691

Bacchant1699

fuddler1699

swill-belly1699

tickle-pitcher1699

whetter1709

draughtsmanc1720

bender1728

drammer1740

dram-drinker1744

drammist1756

rum-bud1805

siper1805

Bacchanal1812

boozera1819

rum-sucker1819

soak1820

imp of the spigot1821

polyposist1821

wineskin1821

sack-guzzler1823

sitfast1828

swill-flagon1829

cup-man1834

swiper1836

Lushington1851

lushing-man1859

bloat1860

pottle pot1860

tipsificator1873

tipsifier1873

pegger1874

swizzler1876

bibulant1883

toss-cup1883

lusher1895

stew-bum1902

shicker1906

stiff1907

souse1915

booze-hound1926

stumblebum1932

tanker1932

lush-hound1935

lushy1944

lush-head1945

binge drinker1946

pisshead1946

hophead1948

society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [noun] > without fixed aim or wandering > vagrancy or vagabondage > vagabond or tramp

harlot?c1225

raikera1400

vacabond1404

vagrant1444

gangrela1450

briber?c1475

palliard1484

vagabondc1485

rogue1489

wavenger1493

hermit1495

gaberlunzie1508

knight of the field1508

loiterer1530

straggler1530

runagate1534

ruffler1535

hedge-creeper1548

Abraham man1567

cursitor1567

runner1567

walker1567

tinker1575

traveller1598

Tartar1602

stravagant1606

wagand1614

Circumcellion1623

meechera1625

hedge-bird1631

gaberlunzie man1649

tramp1664

stroller1681

jockey1685

bird of passage1717

randy1724

tramper1760

stalko1804

vagabondager1813

rintherout1814

piker1838

pikey1838

beachcomber1840

roadster1851

vagabondizer1860

roustabout1862

bum1864

migratory1866

potter1867

sundowner1868

vag1868

walkabout1872

transient1877

Murrumbidgee whaler1878

rouster1882

run-the-hedge1882

whaler1883

shaughraun1884

heather-cat1886

hobo1889

tussocker1889

gay cat1893

overlander1898

stake-man1899

stiff1899

bindle-stiff1900

dingbat1902

stew-bum1902

tired Tim (also Timothy)1906

skipper1925

Strandlooper1927

knight of the road1928

hobohemian1936

plain turkey1955

scrub turkey1955

derro1963

jakey1988

crusty1990

1902 Bookman (N.Y.) Aug. 541/2 The dictum of the ordinary tramp (the ‘gay-cat’ and stew-bum).

1918 ‘A–No. 1’ Mother Delcasse of Hoboes & Other Stories 44 Stew Bum..Ding Bat..Fuzzy Tail..the dregs of vagrantdom.

1952 B. Harwin Home is Upriver xiii. 127 How come you to be a drunk damn' stew-bum when I found you?

† stew-hole n. Obsolete a hole in the floor of a kitchen to serve as a cooking fireplace.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > stove or cooker > [noun]

range1423

buccan1611

fire-range1668

stew-stove1727

screw-range1772

stew-hole1780

cooking stove1796

range stove1803

cooking range1805

cookstove1820

kitchener1829

gas range1853

cooker1860

gas cooker1873

Soyer's stove1878

hay-box1885

blazer1889

machine oven1890

paraffin stove1891

primus1893

electric cooker1894

electric range1894

Yukon stove1898

fireless cooker1904

picnic stove1910

pressure stove1914

Tommy cooker1915

rangette1922

Aga1931

barbecue1931

Rayburn1947

sigri1949

jiko1973

1780 A. Young Tour Ireland (Dublin ed.) I. 100 The stew hole in his kitchen.

† stew-side n. Obsolete a quarter occupied by stews or brothels.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > prostitution > [noun] > area characterized by brothels or prostitution

stew-side1552

brothelry1577

red light1891

red-light district1891

ho stroll1972

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Stewside or place for whores, suburrana regio.

stew-stove n. a cooking stove.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > stove or cooker > [noun]

range1423

buccan1611

fire-range1668

stew-stove1727

screw-range1772

stew-hole1780

cooking stove1796

range stove1803

cooking range1805

cookstove1820

kitchener1829

gas range1853

cooker1860

gas cooker1873

Soyer's stove1878

hay-box1885

blazer1889

machine oven1890

paraffin stove1891

primus1893

electric cooker1894

electric range1894

Yukon stove1898

fireless cooker1904

picnic stove1910

pressure stove1914

Tommy cooker1915

rangette1922

Aga1931

barbecue1931

Rayburn1947

sigri1949

jiko1973

1727 P. Longueville Hermit 195 Thus cuts a Hole in the Ground.., after the Manner of stew Stoves in Noblemen's..Kitchens.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

stewn.³

Brit.

/stjuː/,

/stʃuː/, U.S.

/st(j)u/, Scottish English

/stju/

Etymology: Of obscure etymology. The sense history of stew n.² and the related verb seems to exclude the possibility of connection with those words. From the similarity of sense, the word has been supposed to be cognate with (Middle) Dutch, Low German stof, Old High German stoup (modern German staub), Danish støv, dust; but the phonological possibility of this has not been shown.

Scottish and northern.

Suffocating vapour, stench, or clouds of dust.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fetor > [noun] > fetid smells

stenchc893

reekeOE

weffea1300

stink1382

fise14..

smeek?c1425

fist1440

fetorc1450

stew1487

moisture1542

putor1565

pouant1602

funk1606

graveolence1623

hogo1654

whiff1668

fogo1794

stythe1823

malodour1825

pen and ink1859

body scent1875

pong1900

niffa1903

hum1906

taint1927

honk1953

bowf1985

stank1996

the world > matter > gas > [noun] > fumes or vapour > thick or dense vapour

smeecheOE

stew1487

the world > matter > constitution of matter > granular texture > [noun] > state of being powdery > dust > cloud of

cloud1382

stew1487

dust1581

pother1627

reek1854

calina1887

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xi. 614 Sic ane stew rais owth thame then Of aynding, bath of hors and men.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ii. x. 88 With stew, puldir, and dust mixt on this wise.

1571 H. Charteris Pref. Lyndesay's Wks. Pref. sig. A iv^v Fra that fyre rais sic ane stew, quhilk struik sic sturt to thair stomokis, that thay rewit it euer efter.

1781 J. Hutton Tour to Caves (ed. 2) Gloss. 96 Stew, when the air is full of dust, smoke, or steam.

1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Stew, vapour, dust, an offensive smell.

1867 Goodwife at Home xxiv. 9 I fear ye'll sconfice wi' the reek, An a' the stoor an' stew.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

stewn.⁴

Brit.

/stjuː/,

/stʃuː/,

/stuː/, U.S.

/st(j)u/

Etymology: Shortened < stewardess n.

U.S. colloquial.

= stewardess n. c.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > serving food > [noun] > server of food > steward or stewardess

steward1906

stewardess1931

stew1970

1970 D. Harper Hijacked (1971) 23 If a stew flies five years, she'll keep on as long as the company lets her.

1975 B. Meggs Matter of Paradise (1976) v. iii. 122 She had been with Pan Am herself as a ‘stew’.

1979 S. Barlay Crash Course i. 6 I'm Mara. I used to be a stew myself.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† stewv.¹

Forms: Also Middle English steowien.

Etymology: Early Middle English steowi, stewe (the compound wiðstewe occurs c1175 Lamb. Hom. 15), perhaps representing Old English *steowan < West Germanic *stawwjan (3rd singular *stawiþ), whence Middle Low German, Middle High German stöuwen, stauwen to check, restrain, hinder, modern German stauen to dam up.

Obsolete.

transitive. To check, restrain.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restrain [verb (transitive)]

pindeOE

steerc950

hold971

forbidc1000

withstewc1175

withholdc1200

stewa1225

crempa1250

bistintc1300

i-stillc1315

withdraw1340

entemperc1380

rebukec1380

forfenda1382

refraina1382

refrainc1390

restraina1393

restayc1400

retainc1415

to hold abackc1440

overholda1450

reclaim?c1450

revokec1450

bedwynge1480

sniba1500

repressa1525

rein1531

inhibit1535

to keep back1535

cohibit1544

reprimec1550

lithe1552

to rein up1574

check1581

embridle1583

to rein in1593

retrench1594

refrenate1599

to hold back1600

snip1601

becheck1605

sneap1611

trasha1616

supersede1645

reprimand1689

snape1691

to clap a guy on1814

to pull up1861

to pull in1893

withstrain1904

a1225 Leg. Kath. 374 Stille beo þu þenne & stew swuche wordes.

a1225 Leg. Kath. 658 Meistre ham swa þt ha beon mid alle istewet & stille.

a1225 Leg. Kath. 1529 Stew þe, & stille þine wordes.

c1250 Prayer to our Lady 34 in Old Eng. Misc. 193 Moder ful of milce..læte me steowi mi flesc.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3123 And he sette stronge lawen to steowien [c1300 Otho stewe] his folke.

?a1400 Morte Arth. 1489 Thay..alle stewede wyth strenghe, that stode theme agaynes.

c1400 Siege Jerusalem (1932) 48/841 Waspasian stynteþ of þe stour, steweþ his burnes, Þat wer for-beten & bled.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

stewv.²

Brit.

/stjuː/,

/stʃuː/, U.S.

/st(j)u/

Forms: Middle English stiwe, stuwe, stewyn, stuwyn, stuyn, Middle English–1500s stewe, Middle English–1600s stue, Middle English– stew. past participle Middle English stewid, stewyde, y-stwyde, -yed, 1500s stuyd, 1600s stewd.

Etymology: < Old French estuver (modern French étuver ), related to estuve stew n.² Compare Provençal estubar, Spanish estufar, Portuguese estufar, Italian stufare.

†1. transitive. To bathe in a hot bath or a vapour bath.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing oneself or body > wash one's body or part of it [verb (transitive)] > bathe > in hot or steam bath

stewc1400

c1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 69 Aftir þat stewe þe with stewynge couenable to þe tyme, for þat mekyl profytes.

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 192 At morowe he schal be stewid, and whanne he swetiþ his bodi schal be frotid wiþ vinegre.

c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) ii. xxxii. 87 Oon day thou chaufest him the bath, and sithe stiwest [Fr. estuues] him.

c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Add. MS.) lxv. 381 Then seide the precidente, ‘steweth hyme, ande than shalle he speke’.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 481/2 Stuwyn menn, or bathyn [v.r. stuyn in a stw], balneo.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) cxlv. 543 And the lady had iiii ladyes to serue her and she was baynyd and stuyd, and aparaylyd.

?1541 R. Copland Formularie of Helpes of Woundes & Sores in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens sig. Xiij^v It were behouefull to bath or stewe the membre with the infusyon of a pyece of yren.

1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 2/1 For ach in the heade. Seeth Wormewoode in water... Some there are which boyle the same in vinegar, and soe stue therwithe their head.

1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 39 The sweat dropt from us no otherwise than if we had been stew'd in Stoves or hot Baths.

2. Cooking.

a. transitive. To boil slowly in a close vessel; to cook (meat, fruit, etc.) in a liquid kept at the simmering-point.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > cook [verb (transitive)] > boil > stew

stewc1430

stufe1598

stove1736

c1430 Two Cookery-bks. i. 9 Pertrich stewyde.

c1430 Two Cookery-bks. i. 9 Smale Byrdys y-stwyde.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 481/2 Stuwyn mete [v.r. stuyn] stupho.

a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 14 Stue þy peions þus þou schalle.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 735/2 I stewe wardens, or any frutes, or meates, je esteuue.

1594 Good Huswifes Handmaide 15 b To stue a Neates foote.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) iii. v. 110 And in the height of this Bath..when I was more then halfe stew'd in grease (like a Dutch-dish) to be throwne into the Thames.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) ii. v. 65 Thou shalt be whipt with Wyer, and stew'd in brine.

1632 R. Sherwood Dict. in R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues (new ed.) To stew meate, cuire, ou bouillir la chair entre deux plats.

a1665 K. Digby Closet Opened (1669) 178 To stew a Breast of Veal.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 82/2 To Hash is to stew any Meat that is cold.

1769 E. Raffald Experienced Eng. House-keeper iv. 108 To stew a Turkey brown.

c1770 H. Glasse Compl. Confectioner 22 Pour it on your pippins, and stew them till they are quite tender.

1816 J. K. Tuckey Narr. Exped. River Zaire (1818) iii. 122 Earthen pots..in which they boil or stew their meats.

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth v, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. III. 103 Pits, wrought in the hill-side and lined with heated stones, served for stewing immense quantities of beef, mutton, and venison.

1873 ‘Ouida’ Pascarèl II. 6 We saw the food stewed and fried ere it came to us.

b. intransitive. Of meat, fruit, etc.: To undergo stewing; to be cooked by slow boiling in a closed vessel. Also (of an infusion of tea, etc.), to ‘stand’ on the leaves, etc. Also transferred, of the pot containing it.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > undergo cooking [verb (intransitive)] > undergo boiling > undergo stewing

stew1594

the world > food and drink > drink > preparation of drinks > [verb (intransitive)] > make tea > stand on leaves (of tea)

stand1819

stew1906

mast1963

1594 Good Huswifes Handmaide 1 Let them [Turneps, etc.] stew till they be verie tender.

1701 Compl. Caterer 79 Let them all Stew well together.

c1770 H. Glasse Compl. Confectioner 25 Let them [pears] stew over a slow fire for half an hour.

1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 548 Catillac [pear]... Large, broadly turbinate, brownish-yellow, and red, stews a good colour.

1906 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 783 There is found in tea and coffee an astringent substance which gives the well-known bitter taste to the infusions when they are allowed to ‘stew’.

1942 R.A.F. Jrnl. 3 Oct. 25 An imposing enamel teapot stands on top, quietly stewing.

1979 W. H. Canaway Solid Gold Buddha xxiv. 158 The tea stewed for fifteen minutes or so.

c. In figurative phrases, with the sense: To be left to suffer the natural consequences of one's own actions; as to leave to (or let) stew in one's own juice. Cf. fry v.¹ 3, and French cuire dans son jus. Also in the senses: To be left to one's own devices, to be kept in a state of uneasy suspense, and elliptical, as to leave (one) to stew, to let (one) stew.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > apprehension > be apprehensive [verb (intransitive)] > be kept in state of apprehension

stew1656

1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso (1674) ii. liii. 204 [He] could not better discover Hypocrites, than by suffering them (like Oysters) to stew in their own water.

1885 Times 21 May 8/3 I have held that it would be possible..with some reservations, to allow the Soudan to ‘stew in its own grease’.

1885 W. Harcourt Speech at Lowestoft 14 Dec. Liberals must not be in a hurry to turn the Tories out. He would let them for a few months stew in their own Parnellite juice.

1901 Scotsman 7 Mar. 7/4 Abyssinian soldiers are to be withdrawn, and the Tigreans are to be left to stew in their own juice.

1921 J. Galsworthy To Let ii. vii. 184 ‘Please don't let me bother you if you've got people.’ ‘Not at all... I want to let them stew in their own juice for a bit.’

1928 W. S. Maugham Ashenden vii. 116 I left her to stew in her own juice for a week before I went to see her. She was in a very pretty state of nerves by then.

1934 ‘G. Orwell’ Burmese Days ii. 38 Office babus are the real rulers of this country now... Best thing we can do is to shut up shop and let 'em stew in their own juice.

1961 B. Fergusson Watery Maze xv. 378 The Japanese in Tenasserim could safely be left to stew in their own juice once we had Rangoon.

1976 W. Greatorex Crossover 182 ‘It was me,’ Calder said. ‘I made up the story.’ Calder let them stew in the silence.

1980 Church Times 3 Oct. 9/2 After letting us stew for three months, the Lord served up a miracle in the form of a perfect house for us in Berkeley.

3. transferred.

†a. transitive. To bathe in perspiration.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretion of sweat > sweat [verb (transitive)] > bathe in perspiration

stew1608

the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretions > perspirations > [verb (transitive)] > bathe in sweat

stew1608

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear vii. 210 Came there a reeking Post, Stewd in his hast, halfe breathles, panting forth From Gonorill his mistris, salutations.

1620 J. Taylor Praise of Hemp-seed 31 Drencht with the swassing waues, and stewd in sweat.

1673 R. Head Canting Acad. 133 The expectation of..punishment had stew'd him in a cold sweat.

1686 tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia 226 We did not feel the Coldness of the Weather: For the Crowd of People..almost stew'd us before we got out.

1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant ii. 49 We encamped close by this Castle, all scorched with the Sun, and stewed in Sweat.

†b. figurative. To soak, steep, imbue. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > do habitually [verb (transitive)] > accustom (a person) > inveterate

hardena1425

stew1604

flesh1661

inveterate1835

indurate1879

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. iv. 83 To liue In the ranck sweat of an inseemed bed Stewed in corruption.

1640 R. Brome Sparagus Garden v. xiii His conscience is stewd in Bribes.

a1644 F. Quarles Solomons Recantation Solil. ii, in Wks. (1880) II. 174/2 Stue thy heart in mirth, And crush the childe of sorrow in her birth.

1822 W. Hazlitt Table-talk (1869) 2nd Ser. 223 An opinion is vulgar that is stewed in the rank breath of the rabble.

c. To confine in close or ill-ventilated quarters. Chiefly with up.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > confinement > confine [verb (transitive)] > confine in a narrow space

threnga1154

thringc1250

straitc1420

estrait1529

straiten1576

stew1590

estraitena1610

crowdc1632

cramp1683

to box in1845

poke1860

1590 R. Greene Mourning Garment 4 If Aristotle had still like a mycher beene stewed vp in Stagyra, he had neuer written his workes.

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 92 The Rich Banyans..stew themselves out of a penurious humour, crowding Three or Four Families together into a Hovel.

1722 J. Macky Journey through Eng. II. iii. 41 Formerly the Country Ladies were stewed up in their Fathers old Mansion Houses, and seldom saw Company.

1812 J. Sinclair Acct. Syst. Husbandry Scotl. i. 17 Cattle suffer much from being huddled together, and stewed close up in a low-roofed cow-house in winter.

d. intransitive. To stay excessively long in bed. Also, to remain in a heated or stifling atmosphere; hence slang, to study hard.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > bed related to sleep or rest > go to bed or retire to rest [verb (intransitive)] > be in bed or lie > for certain period

stew1671

sleep1827

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > be hot [verb (intransitive)] > have or get the sensation of heat > remain in hot or close place

stew1671

frowst1884

stuff1927

society > education > learning > study > [verb (intransitive)] > study diligently or hard

porec1387

muzz?1744

sap1830

bone1832

to study up1846

mug1848

grind1855

swot1860

stew1866

swank1890

groise1913

1671 S. Tuke Adventures of Five Hours (rev. ed.) i. 15 Sir, they have certain Niches in their Walls, Where they climb up a Nights, and there they stew, In their own Grease, till Morning.

1705 J. Vanbrugh Confederacy ii. i Abroad, abroad, abroad already? why, she uses to be stewing in her bed three hours after this time.

1832 S. Warren Passages from Diary of Late Physician II. iv. 219 What a gloomy man that Dr. —— is..! he keeps one stewing in bed for a week, if one has but a common cold.

1866 Routledge's Every Boy's Ann. 706 Cooper was stewing over his books.

1870 M. Bridgman Robert Lynne I. vi. 81 The sea-breezes will freshen me up, after stewing in this hole.

1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 576 I had been stewing for nine months and more in tropic and equatorial swamps.

1906 Westm. Gaz. 17 Sept. 4/1 Should the charms of his book lure him to sleep,..the string tied to his tuft of hair would instantly remind him of the..necessity to ‘stew’ for the ensuing examination.

e. To fret; to suffer anxiety or suspense; to be in an agitated state.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > be upset or perturbed [verb (intransitive)]

sweata1400

ail1485

toss1517

heavec1540

seethe1609

to be in a way1855

stew1917

the mind > emotion > fear > apprehension > be apprehensive [verb (intransitive)]

trance1340

to be on (the) tenter(s1633

to be on (the) tenterhooks1748

stew1917

the mind > emotion > fear > nervousness or uneasiness > be nervous or uneasy [verb (intransitive)] > be uneasy > fret or suffer anxiety

stew1917

1917 S. Lewis Innocents xviii. 208 I was suspicious of these fellows that are always petting and stewing over their wives in public.

1930 E. B. White Lett. (1976) 91 White has been stewing around for two days now, a little bit worried.

1932 ‘A. Bridge’ Peking Picnic iii. 31 He seemed to be stewing, so I told him to come over and have a cocktail later on.

1949 E. Pound Pisan Cantos (new ed.) lxxx. 92 Stewing with rage Concerning the landlady's doings with a lodger unnamed.

1956 W. H. Whyte Organization Man x. 129 They don't want a man to fret and stew about his work.

1974 R. Harris Double Snare xviii. 133 I wouldn't let them go to life imprisonment... Why shouldn't they stew a little?

1979 Tucson (Arizona) Mag. Mar. 23/1 City planners don't just sit around and stew over traffic congestion.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

stewv.³

Brit.

/stjuː/,

/stʃuː/, U.S.

/st(j)u/, Scottish English

/stju/

Forms: Also 1800s steuch.

Etymology: < stew n.³

Scottish.

intransitive. To stink, emit a stench.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fetor > stink [verb (intransitive)]

stinkc725

stenchc950

to-stinka1382

smella1400

savour?1440

stew1563

reek1609

funk1694

pen-and-ink1892

whiff1899

niff1900

hum1902

pong1906

honk1959

1563 N. Winȝet tr. St. Vincent of Lérins For Antiq. Catholike Fayth xxxi, in Certain Tractates (1890) II. 64 Thai knaw thair stink to na man almaist haistelie to be plesand, gif it stewit and reikit out naikit and plane.

1891 J. J. H. Burgess Rasmie's Büddie 63 Da stink o brimstin in a bizz Cam steuchin but.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹1387

n.²c1305

n.³1487

n.⁴1970

v.¹a1225

v.²c1400

v.³1563

单词	stew
释义	stewn.¹ Brit. /stjuː/, /stʃuː/, U.S. /st(j)u/ Forms: Middle English stuwe, (?) stuy, Middle English–1600s stewe, stue, Middle English stiewe, stwe, styuye, stywe, stywye, Middle English– stew. Etymology: < Old French estui (modern French étui case, sheath, also tub for keeping fish in a boat), verbal noun < estuier to shut up, keep in reserve. Godefroy has an instance (dated 1396) of Old French estui in the sense of the English word, although he explains it wrongly. †1. In the phrase in stew [= Old French en estui] , said of fish kept in confinement, to be ready for the table. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > fish-keeping, farming, or breeding > [adjective] > confined in stewc1405 stenched1621 c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 352 Ful many a fat partrych hadde he in Muwe And many a breem, and many a luce in Stuwe. a1500 Piers of Fulham (James) in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1866) II. 3 They went fyscheng with envye..And gon yn to the waren al be nyght... They brybe and stele what they may of the best, That soiowrne and kept byn in stewe, ffor store that nothynge schuld hem remewe. 1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 13^v Thy ponds renew, put Eeles in stew. To liue till lent. 2. a. A pond or tank in which fish are kept until needed for the table. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > fish-keeping, farming, or breeding > [noun] > fish-pond or -tank fish-poolc950 fish-housec1000 viverc1330 stew1387 piscinaa1398 piscinea1400 fishpondc1440 trunk1440 moat1463 stagnec1470 servatorya1475 viviera1500 fish-stew1552 vivarium1600 shut1605 fish-stove1615 keep1617 estang1628 vivarya1634 nursery1772 preserve1849 whalerya1880 fish tank1957 1387 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 2 Þ^e sesterne þat longeþ to the stuys. 139. Earl Derby's Exped. (Camden) 74 Cuidam valetto custodienti le Stewe manerii Episcopi, vs. pr. c1400 Pilgr. Sowle (1859) v. xiv. 80 The Apostles were the fysshers whiche that Crist found in this worldly see; whiche fisshes he putte in the stewe of his loued chirche. c1450 Godstow Reg. 665 Stywys, dichis and briggis. 1539 Act 31 Hen. VIII c. 2 All manner of fisshinges with any nettes [etc.]..in any severall ponde stewe or mote withe an intent to steale fisshe out of the same. 1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 234 A contrivance for Fish-ponds,..where the stews not only feed one another,..and may be sewed by letting the water of the upper Ponds out into the lower. 1755 Cambridge in World No. 123. ⁋2 It would be a noble employment for the lovers of antiquity, to study to restore those infallible resources of luxury, the salt-water stews of the Romans. 1774 T. West Antiq. Furness 95 Their mills, kilns, ovens, and stews for receiving their fish. 1862 D. T. Ansted & R. G. Latham Channel Islands ii. ix. 213 A somewhat remarkable natural stew or pond exists in Jersey, in the manor of St. Ouen. 1888 G. B. Goode Amer. Fishes 24 The young fish may advantageously be confined in ‘stews’ or artificial enclosures. †b. transferred. A pond of any kind; also, a moat. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > lake > pond > [noun] pound1248 pond1287 piscinaa1398 piscinea1400 stewc1440 dike1788 pondlet1839 mardle1866 tank1898 suck-hole1909 c1440 Pallad. on Husb. i. 769 Let make a stewe With rayn watir, thyn herbis to renewe. 1592 W. Wyrley Capitall de Buz in True Vse Armorie 139 This castle was inuirond with deep stew. 3. An artificial oyster bed. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > fish-keeping, farming, or breeding > [noun] > breeding oysters > oyster-bed oyster-leyne1581 oyster bed1591 stew1610 greening-pit1667 layer1735 laying1837 park1867 plantation1881 hive1882 claire1901 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 335 Oisters, (whereof there are many pits, or stewes). 1625 T. Middleton Game at Chæss v. iii He that inuented the first stewes, for Oysters, And other Sea-fish. 1817 J. Evans Excursion to Windsor 452 At Colchester, Milton, &c., stews or layers of Oysters are formed in places which nature had never allotted for them. 1881 E. Ingersoll Oyster-industry (10th Census U.S.: Bureau of Fisheries) 249 Stew, an artificial bed of oysters. Applied to the old Roman, and also to the modern methods of fattening (English). 4. A breeding place for pheasants. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > gamekeeping > [noun] > place where pheasants kept pheasantry1718 stew1888 1888 in Cassell's Encycl. Dict. VII. Compounds attributive, as †stew-pool, stew-pond. ΚΠ 1623 Althorp MS. in J. N. Simpkinson Washingtons (1860) App. p. l To Martin 3 daies at the stue poole..00 02 02... To Browne 6 daies raming the stue poole heade..00 03 00. 1811 J. Austen Sense & Sensibility II. viii. 140 There is a dove-cote, some delightful stewponds, and a very pretty canal. View more context for this quotation 1865 G. F. Berkeley My Life & Recoll. II. 314 In a stew-pond you may tame a fish to a certain extent. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2022). stewn.² Brit. /stjuː/, /stʃuː/, U.S. /st(j)u/ Forms: Middle English stu, stuwe, stuyue, styue, Middle English stwe, Middle English stw, stywe, Middle English–1500s stue, Middle English–1600s stewe, Middle English styewe, 1500s stuue, plural stuse, 1500s– stew. Etymology: < Old French estuve (modern French étuve ), a Common Romanic word, represented by Provençal estuba , Spanish estufa , Portuguese estufa , Italian stufa ; the discrepant forms seem to proceed from the two vulgar Latin forms, stūpha (stūfa ) and stūpa , both which are recorded in medieval Latin. The ulterior etymology is obscure: some regard the word as a verbal noun < a vulgar Latin verb extūfāre , < tūfus (Italian tufo ) vapour, < Greek τῦϕος . Connection of some kind no doubt exists between the Romance word and the Germanic root stuƀ- in Old English stuf-bæþ* hot-air bath, stofa masculine bath (modern English stove v.¹), Middle Dutch stove, modern Dutch stoof feminine stove, footwarmer, Dutch stoven to stew, Old High German stuba feminine heated room, bath-room (Middle High German, modern German stube room), Old Norse stufa, stofa weak feminine room with a fireplace (Swedish stufva, stuga cottage, Danish stue room). The Italian stufa was in the 17th cent. adopted as stufe n. I. A stove, heated room. †1. a. A vessel for boiling, a caldron. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking vessel or pot > [noun] > cauldron or kettle kettlea700 leada1100 cauldronc1300 chetelc1300 stewc1305 chaldron1555 bashron1660 c1305 Land Cokaygne 109 Þe leuerokes..Liȝtiþ adun to man is muþ Idiȝt in stu ful swiþe wel Pudrid wiþ gilofre and canel. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. xi. sig. L5 As burning Aetna from his boyling stew Doth belch out flames, and rockes in peeces broke. a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) v. i. 316 Here in Vienna, Where I haue seene corruption boyle and bubble, Till it ore-run the Stew . View more context for this quotation †b. A furnace for heating rooms by flues. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > [noun] > other furnaces retort furnace1688 stew1688 reheating furnace1818 reheating oven1839 water oven1848 Siemens producer1866 decomposing furnace1876 reheat furnace1931 exfoliator1944 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 424/1 A Stew or Stove... This is a thing by which Rooms are made warm, for Sick and Crazy Bodies, which cannot approach near a Fire. †2. a. A heated room; a room with a fireplace. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > types of room generally > [noun] > warm room or room with fire stewc1374 stove?1542 fire room1591 firehouse1632 stove-room1706 zeta1706 c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 601 Troylus..myght it se Thurgh out a lytel wyndowe in a stuwe, Ther he by-shet syn myd~nyght was [in] mewe. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xi. 131 It fresethe more strongly in tho Contrees than on this half; and therfore hathe every man Stewes in his Hous, and in tho Stewes thei eten and don here Occupatiouns. 1572 R. Harrison tr. L. Lavater Of Ghostes ii. xvi. 165 They heard a knyfe falling from the upper parte, or floore of the stewe, wherein they were, yetsawe they nothing. †b. ‘A hatter's drying room.’ Obsolete or spurious; the French étuve has this sense. ΚΠ 1847 in J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words 3. A heated room used for hot air or vapour baths: hence, a hot bath. Obsolete exc. Historical or archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing oneself or body > [noun] > bathing > a bath > hot air or steam bath stew1390 stovec1485 stufe1541 stow1614 furo1615 Turkish bath1644 estuary1657 steam-bath1725 Russian bath1770 stufa1832 sweat-bath1877 sauna1881 shvitz1937 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 291 The bathes and the stwes bothe Thei schetten in be every weie. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 192 His bodi schal be wel frotid in þe baþ ouþer in a stewe. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 481/1 Stwe, bathe, stupha, terme. a1475 Bk. Quinte Essence (1889) 16 Þe paralitik man schal be hool..if ȝe make him a stewe hoot and moist with herbis. 1480 Table Prouffytable Lernynge (Caxton) (1964) 40 Natalye the wyf of the stewes Kepeth a good styewe... They goon thedyr to be stewed Alle the strangers. 1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xxiv. f. 52 [50]^v After his exercyse..he entred into a bayne or stewe not hotte, where he taried sommetyme by the space of one houre. ?1550 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Healthe sig. U.ii Then put the pacient in a stewe or hote house. 1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. 142 There is scarce any house which hath not also in the yard a stew, wherein they bath themselves with hot water. 1656 tr. J. A. Comenius Latinæ Linguæ Janua Reserata: Gate Lat. Tongue Unlocked xlvii. §467 Being entred into a stew or hot-hous, wee get up into the sweating-tub, and draw out the sweat. 1799 W. Tooke View Russ. Empire I. 357 A messuage consists of a dwelling-house, a few little store-rooms, stables, and a stew or hot-bath, by which the yard is inclosed. 1809 A. Henry Trav. & Adventures Canada 301 Stews, sudatories, or sweating-houses, are resorted to for cure of sickness, for pleasure, or [etc.]. 1827 G. Canning Poet. Wks. 30 Oh! where is the great Doctor Dominicetti, With his stews and his flues, and his vapours to sweat ye? 1842 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 3) Stove..is used for drying various substances, as plants, extracts, conserves, &c., or for taking vapour baths. In this case the stew or stove is said to be wet or humid; in the opposite case, it is said to be dry. 1865 Pall Mall Gaz. 23 Sept. 6/2 Above the vaults the original Turkish bath, or ‘stew,’ remains in good preservation. 4. A brothel. (Developed from sense 3, on account of the frequent use of the public hot-air bath-houses for immoral purposes. Cf. bagnio n.) a. (a) In plural (chiefly collective; sometimes, a quarter occupied by houses of ill-fame). ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > prostitution > [noun] > brothel houseOE bordelc1300 whorehousec1330 stew1362 bordel housec1384 stewc1384 stivec1386 stew-house1436 bordelryc1450 brothel house1486 shop?1515 bains1541 common house1545 bawdy-house1552 hothouse1556 bordello1581 brothela1591 trugging house1591 trugging place1591 nunnery1593 vaulting-house1596 leaping house1598 Pickt-hatch1598 garden house1606 vaulting-school1606 flesh-shambles1608 whore-sty1621 bagnioa1640 public house1640 harlot-house1641 warrena1649 academy1650 call house1680 coney burrow1691 case1699 nanny-house1699 house of ill reputea1726 smuggling-ken1725 kip1766 Corinth1785 disorderly house1809 flash-house1816 dress house1823 nanny-shop1825 house of tolerance1842 whore shop1843 drum1846 introducing house1846 khazi1846 fast house1848 harlotry1849 maison de tolérance1852 knocking-shop1860 lupanar1864 assignation house1870 parlour house1871 hook shop1889 sporting house1894 meat house1896 massage parlour1906 case house1912 massage establishment1921 moll-shop1923 camp1925 notch house1926 creep joint1928 slaughterhouse1928 maison de convenance1930 cat-house1931 Bovril1936 maison close1939 joy-house1940 rib joint1940 gaff1947 maison de passe1960 rap parlour1973 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. vii. 65 Iacke þe Iogelour And Ionete of þe stuyues. c1386 G. Chaucer Friar's Tale 34 So been wommen of the styves,..yput out of my cure. 1436 Rolls of Parl. IV. 511/1 No person that had dwelled at the comone Stywes. c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Augustine (1910) 8 He used tauernes and stewis and swech sory gouernauns as [etc.]. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxx. 415 Ye Ianettys of the stewys And lychoures on lofte. a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Dii^v Some of them renneth strayght to the stuse. 1550 R. Crowley One & Thyrtye Epigrammes sig. Bi^v The bawdes of the stues be turned all out. 1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) ii. 90 b Many Gentlemen..thinke it no lesse shame to be seene in y^e companie of y^e baser sort, than to be taken in the common stewes. 1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares 77 London, what are thy Suburbes but licensed Stewes? 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy iii. ii. ii. i. 545 In Italie and Spaine, they haue their stewes in euery great Cittie. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. v. 239 At this time also, by the King's command, were the Stewes suppressed. 1681 T. D'Urfey Progr. Honesty iv. 4 Tickets from the Beldame of the Stews. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 33. ⁋9 All Affectation by any other Arts to please the Eyes of Men, would be banished to the Stews for ever. 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1776 II. 52 Johnson: He strongly censured the licensed stews at Rome. 1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist III. xxxix. 56 And the most noisome of the stews and dens of London. 1865 J. Hatton Bitter Sweets xxxvi He frequented the dens and fashionable stews of the metropolis. 1873 W. H. Dixon Hist. Two Queens I. iii. i. 118 Their ranks were filled by rogues and scare-crows from the styes and stews. figurative.1657 J. Trapp Comm. Job II. (Job. iv. 13) 43 Carnall hearts are..stewes of unclean thoughts. (b) (See quots.)Perhaps an error. ΚΠ 1836 S. Cooper Dict. Pract. Surg. (ed. 6) 332 (Cassell) In the borough of Southwark..there were places called stews, where prostitutes were confined, and received the benefits of surgical assistance. 1888 Cassell's Encycl. Dict. VII. Stew..an early form of lock hospital. †b. in plural form construed as singular. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1531 W. Tyndale Answere Mores Dialoge f. cvi^v His settynge vpp in rome a stuees not of wemen only, but of the male kynd also agenst nature and a thousand abhominacions to grosse for a turke, are tokens good ynough that he is the right antichrist. 1572 C. Carlile Disc. Peter f. 33^v Hee deflowred Maydes and straungers: made Lateranense (that holy Pallace) a Stewes, and brothall house. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Huleu, the name of a Stewes in Paris. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. ix. 406 A playne Stewes or Brothel house. 1650 W. Brough Sacred Princ. 176 Lasciviousnesse..is sacrilegiously to make the Body (Gods Temple) a Stewes. 1691 A. Gavin Frauds Romish Monks 61 A Monk..very scandalously kept a publick Stews. †c. in singular. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > prostitution > [noun] > brothel houseOE bordelc1300 whorehousec1330 stew1362 bordel housec1384 stewc1384 stivec1386 stew-house1436 bordelryc1450 brothel house1486 shop?1515 bains1541 common house1545 bawdy-house1552 hothouse1556 bordello1581 brothela1591 trugging house1591 trugging place1591 nunnery1593 vaulting-house1596 leaping house1598 Pickt-hatch1598 garden house1606 vaulting-school1606 flesh-shambles1608 whore-sty1621 bagnioa1640 public house1640 harlot-house1641 warrena1649 academy1650 call house1680 coney burrow1691 case1699 nanny-house1699 house of ill reputea1726 smuggling-ken1725 kip1766 Corinth1785 disorderly house1809 flash-house1816 dress house1823 nanny-shop1825 house of tolerance1842 whore shop1843 drum1846 introducing house1846 khazi1846 fast house1848 harlotry1849 maison de tolérance1852 knocking-shop1860 lupanar1864 assignation house1870 parlour house1871 hook shop1889 sporting house1894 meat house1896 massage parlour1906 case house1912 massage establishment1921 moll-shop1923 camp1925 notch house1926 creep joint1928 slaughterhouse1928 maison de convenance1930 cat-house1931 Bovril1936 maison close1939 joy-house1940 rib joint1940 gaff1947 maison de passe1960 rap parlour1973 c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame 26 By abstinence, or by sekenesse, Prison, stewe, or grete distresse. 1554 J. Bale Declar. Bonner's Articles 43 Hys house was nothing elles but a common stewe. a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) i. vi. 153 To Mart As in a Romish Stew . View more context for this quotation 1634 J. Canne Necessitie of Separation iii. 132 For the glorie of God, that it may appeare his house to be no cage of uncleane birds, no stye of swine, no den of theeves, no stewes or brothelhouse. 1640 Depos. 5 Mar. in Glouc. Dioc. Reg. The breeding of the said Judith Ansley was noe better then in a Stewe or whorehouse. 1790 By-stander 373 Father and son may, with propriety, be seen together at the same stew. 1809 E. A. Kendall Trav. Northern Parts U.S. I. xiii. 155 Dost thou suppose, villain, I am acquainted with bad houses? What dost thou want of a stew? †d. (singular and plural.) A bawd or prostitute. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > prostitution > [noun] > a prostitute meretrixOE whoreOE soiled dovea1250 common womanc1330 putec1384 bordel womanc1405 putaina1425 brothelc1450 harlot?a1475 public womanc1510 naughty pack?1529 draba1533 cat1535 strange woman1535 stew1552 causey-paikera1555 putanie?1566 drivelling1570 twigger1573 punka1575 hackney1579 customer1583 commodity1591 streetwalker1591 traffic1591 trug1591 hackster1592 polecat1593 stale1593 mermaid1595 medlar1597 occupant1598 Paphian1598 Winchester goose1598 pagan1600 hell-moth1602 aunt1604 moll1604 prostitution1605 community1606 miss1606 night-worm1606 bat1607 croshabell1607 prostitute1607 pug1607 venturer1607 nag1608 curtal1611 jumbler1611 land-frigate1611 walk-street1611 doll-common1612 turn-up1612 barber's chaira1616 commonera1616 public commonera1616 trader1615 venturea1616 stewpot1616 tweak1617 carry-knave1623 prostibule1623 fling-dusta1625 mar-taila1625 night-shadea1625 waistcoateera1625 night trader1630 coolera1632 meretrician1631 painted ladya1637 treadle1638 buttock1641 night-walker1648 mob?1650 lady (also girl, etc.) of the game1651 lady of pleasure1652 trugmullion1654 fallen woman1659 girlc1662 high-flyer1663 fireship1665 quaedama1670 small girl1671 visor-mask1672 vizard-mask1672 bulker1673 marmalade-madam1674 town miss1675 town woman1675 lady of the night1677 mawks1677 fling-stink1679 Whetstone whore1684 man-leech1687 nocturnal1693 hack1699 strum1699 fille de joie1705 market-dame1706 screw1725 girl of (the) town1733 Cytherean1751 street girl1764 monnisher1765 lady of easy virtue1766 woman (also lady) of the town1766 kennel-nymph1771 chicken1782 stargazer1785 loose fish1809 receiver general1811 Cyprian1819 mollya1822 dolly-mop1834 hooker1845 charver1846 tail1846 horse-breaker1861 professional1862 flagger1865 cocodette1867 cocotte1867 queen's woman1871 common prostitute1875 joro1884 geisha1887 horizontal1888 flossy1893 moth1896 girl of the pavement1900 pross1902 prossie1902 pusher1902 split-arse mechanic1903 broad1914 shawl1922 bum1923 quiff1923 hustler1924 lady of the evening1924 prostie1926 working girl1928 prostisciutto1930 maggie1932 brass1934 brass nail1934 mud kicker1934 scupper1935 model1936 poule de luxe1937 pro1937 chromo1941 Tom1941 pan-pan1949 twopenny upright1958 scrubber1959 slack1959 yum-yum girl1960 Suzie Wong1962 mattress1964 jamette1965 ho1966 sex worker1971 pavement princess1976 parlour girl1979 crack whore1990 society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > prostitution > [noun] > pimping or procuring > procurer of either sex > procuress butcheressa1475 stew1552 bawdress1569 brokeress1582 pander1585 abbess1594 aunt1604 panderess1604 hackney womanc1616 bronstrops1617 procuress1638 provincialc1640 fruit-woman1673 flesh-broker1699 broker-woman1723 commode1725 coupleress1864 hack1864 procureuse1930 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Stew, bavde, or marchaunt of whores, leno. 1578 G. Whetstone Promos & Cassandra: 1st Pt. iv. iii. sig. Eij^v Shall Cassandra now be termed, in common speeche, a stewes? 1639 J. Mayne Citye Match v. v I have matcht a Stewes; The notedst woman oth' Towne. 1650 A. Weldon Court & Char. King James 146 Instead of that beauty he had a notorious Stew sent him. II. Senses derived from stew v.² 5. A preparation of meat slowly boiled in a stew-pan, generally containing vegetables, rice, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > meat dishes > [noun] > stewed meat stewpot1542 estew1566 fricassee1568 ragout1652 pepperpot1698 grenade1706 haricot1706 pupton1706 lobscouse1707 stew1756 puchero1802 granada1806 bredie1815 muddle1833 scouse1840 slum1847 hashmagandy1851 ropa vieja1855 chilli con carne1857 sorpotel1863 goulash1866 daube1877 paprikash1877 chilli1886 pot-pie1890 slumgullion1902 cholent1903 cracker-hash1904 cracker-stew1909 gippo1914 waterzooi1915 Fanny Adams1921 adobo1938 cassoulet1940 feijoada1941 coddle1942 stifado1950 rancho1957 tinga1964 1756 M. Calderwood Lett. & Jrnls. (1884) xii. 302 They can dress..upon this stove, a roast, a boill, a fry, a stew and a bake. 1818 Ld. Byron Beppo vii. 10 Because they have no sauces to their stews. 1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. xviii. 188 It's a stew of tripe..and cow-heel..and bacon..and peas, cauliflowers, new potatoes, and sparrow-grass, all working up together in one delicious gravy. 1873 ‘Ouida’ Pascarèl I. 53 Mariuccia poured her stew into a dish. figurative.1859 C. Dickens Tale of Two Cities ii. iv. 51 The last sediment of the human stew that had been boiling there all day. 6. A state of excitement, esp. of great alarm or anxiety. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > excitement > nervous excitement > [noun] fever1340 motiona1398 quotidian?a1439 rufflea1535 commotion1581 fret1582 hurry1600 puddering1603 tumultuousnessa1617 trepidation1625 feverishness1638 boilingc1660 fermentationc1660 tumult1663 ferment1672 stickle1681 fuss1705 whirl1707 flurry1710 sweat1715 fluster1728 pucker1740 flutter1741 flustration1747 flutteration1753 tremor1753 swithera1768 twitteration1775 state1781 stew1806 scrow1808 tumultuating1815 flurrification1822 tew1825 purr1842 pirr1856 tête montée1859 go1866 faff1874 poultry flutter1876 palaver1878 thirl1879 razzle-dazzle1885 nervism1887 flurry-scurry1888 fikiness1889 foment1889 dither1891 swivet1892 flusterment1895 tither1896 overwroughtness1923 mania1925 stumer1932 tizzy1935 two and eight1938 snit1939 tizz1953 tiswas1960 wahala1966 the mind > emotion > fear > apprehension > [noun] > fright caused by alarm frighta1325 affrayc1380 fray1398 gloppeninga1400 alarma1460 scare1548 affright1566 affrightment1593 aghastment1594 surprise1609 gastc1686 gliff1732 stew1806 stink1819 feeze1825 startlement1927 1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. i. 7 Our perplexities, and alarms, at which they presume to sneer, under the nick-names of rubs, bores, stews, takings, &c. 1809 Lady Lyttelton Corr. (1912) 85 Poor Mr. Allen is in a stew about his sermon. 1818 W. Cobbett Year's Resid. U.S.A. i. i. 34 What a stew a man would be in in England, if he had his grain lying about out of doors in this way! 1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words (at cited word) In a sad stew, in a state of great perplexity. 1849 E. E. Napier Excursions Southern Afr. II. 248 As you may readily fancy, I was all the time in a most confounded stew, lest the tender, pulpy branches should give way. 1884 Sword & Trowel Jan. 41 As to France..she is in an everlasting stew. 7. colloquial. A state of being overheated or bathed in perspiration. Cf. stew v.² 3a, 3d. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretions > perspirations > [noun] > state sweatiness1688 stew1892 1892 A. M. Fairbairn in W. B. Selbie Life A. M. Fairbairn (1914) ix. 330 I never was in such a stew, as it were confined in a stove within stoves. 1909 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Stew,..a state of agitating excitement, worry, or confusion; also, a state of heat; as, to be in a stew. Colloq. Compounds C1. General attributive. Also stew-house n. a. (In sense 2.) † stew-door n. Obsolete ΚΠ c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 698 He..gan þe stewe dore al soft vn-pynne. b. (In sense 4.) † stew-holder n. Obsolete ΚΠ c1430 in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 30 842 That no Stew-holder keep noo Woman wythin his Hous that hath any Sycknesse of Brenning. 1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 331 In a Parliament holden at Westminster the 8. of Henry the second, it was ordayned..That no stewholder or his wife should let or stay any single woman to go and come freely at all times. stew instructed adj. ΚΠ 1633 J. Ford Loves Sacrifice iv. sig. H2^v Her stewe-instructed Art. c. (In sense 5.) stewgravy n. ΚΠ 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. viii. [Lestrygonians] 161 Scoffing up stewgravy with sopping sippets of bread. stew-jar n. ΚΠ 1913 D. H. Lawrence Sons & Lovers iv. 61 The stew-jar was in the oven. C2. stew-bum n. U.S. slang a tramp, spec. one who is habitually drunk (cf. bum n.⁶ 3). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [noun] > one who drinks to excess houndOE drinkerc1200 keach-cup?c1225 gulchcupa1250 bollerc1320 taverner1340 ale stake?1515 wine-bibber1535 bibber1536 swill-bowl1542 malt-wormc1550 rinse-pitcher1552 bibblera1556 ale knight1556 tosspot1568 ring-pigger1570 troll-the-bowl1575 malt-bug1577 gossip-pint-pot1580 black pot1582 alehouse knight1583 worrier1584 suck-spigot1585 bezzle1592 bezzlera1593 cup-leech1593 soaker1593 carouser1596 barley-cap1598 swiller1598 rob-pot1599 Philistine1600 sponge1600 wine-knight1601 fill-knaga1605 reel-pot1604 faithful1609 fill-pot1609 bouser1611 spigot-sucker1611 suck-pint1611 whip-can1611 bib-all-night1612 afternoon man1615 potling1616 Bacchanalian1617 bombard1617 pot-shot1617 potisuge1620 trougha1625 tumbrila1625 borachioa1627 pot-leech1630 kill-pota1637 biberon1637 bang-pitcher1639 son of Bacchusc1640 shuffler1642 suck-bottlea1652 swill-pot1653 poter1657 potatora1660 old soaker1665 fuddle cap1666 old toast1668 bubber1669 toper1673 ale-toast1691 Bacchant1699 fuddler1699 swill-belly1699 tickle-pitcher1699 whetter1709 draughtsmanc1720 bender1728 drammer1740 dram-drinker1744 drammist1756 rum-bud1805 siper1805 Bacchanal1812 boozera1819 rum-sucker1819 soak1820 imp of the spigot1821 polyposist1821 wineskin1821 sack-guzzler1823 sitfast1828 swill-flagon1829 cup-man1834 swiper1836 Lushington1851 lushing-man1859 bloat1860 pottle pot1860 tipsificator1873 tipsifier1873 pegger1874 swizzler1876 bibulant1883 toss-cup1883 lusher1895 stew-bum1902 shicker1906 stiff1907 souse1915 booze-hound1926 stumblebum1932 tanker1932 lush-hound1935 lushy1944 lush-head1945 binge drinker1946 pisshead1946 hophead1948 society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [noun] > without fixed aim or wandering > vagrancy or vagabondage > vagabond or tramp harlot?c1225 raikera1400 vacabond1404 vagrant1444 gangrela1450 briber?c1475 palliard1484 vagabondc1485 rogue1489 wavenger1493 hermit1495 gaberlunzie1508 knight of the field1508 loiterer1530 straggler1530 runagate1534 ruffler1535 hedge-creeper1548 Abraham man1567 cursitor1567 runner1567 walker1567 tinker1575 traveller1598 Tartar1602 stravagant1606 wagand1614 Circumcellion1623 meechera1625 hedge-bird1631 gaberlunzie man1649 tramp1664 stroller1681 jockey1685 bird of passage1717 randy1724 tramper1760 stalko1804 vagabondager1813 rintherout1814 piker1838 pikey1838 beachcomber1840 roadster1851 vagabondizer1860 roustabout1862 bum1864 migratory1866 potter1867 sundowner1868 vag1868 walkabout1872 transient1877 Murrumbidgee whaler1878 rouster1882 run-the-hedge1882 whaler1883 shaughraun1884 heather-cat1886 hobo1889 tussocker1889 gay cat1893 overlander1898 stake-man1899 stiff1899 bindle-stiff1900 dingbat1902 stew-bum1902 tired Tim (also Timothy)1906 skipper1925 Strandlooper1927 knight of the road1928 hobohemian1936 plain turkey1955 scrub turkey1955 derro1963 jakey1988 crusty1990 1902 Bookman (N.Y.) Aug. 541/2 The dictum of the ordinary tramp (the ‘gay-cat’ and stew-bum). 1918 ‘A–No. 1’ Mother Delcasse of Hoboes & Other Stories 44 Stew Bum..Ding Bat..Fuzzy Tail..the dregs of vagrantdom. 1952 B. Harwin Home is Upriver xiii. 127 How come you to be a drunk damn' stew-bum when I found you? † stew-hole n. Obsolete a hole in the floor of a kitchen to serve as a cooking fireplace. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > stove or cooker > [noun] range1423 buccan1611 fire-range1668 stew-stove1727 screw-range1772 stew-hole1780 cooking stove1796 range stove1803 cooking range1805 cookstove1820 kitchener1829 gas range1853 cooker1860 gas cooker1873 Soyer's stove1878 hay-box1885 blazer1889 machine oven1890 paraffin stove1891 primus1893 electric cooker1894 electric range1894 Yukon stove1898 fireless cooker1904 picnic stove1910 pressure stove1914 Tommy cooker1915 rangette1922 Aga1931 barbecue1931 Rayburn1947 sigri1949 jiko1973 1780 A. Young Tour Ireland (Dublin ed.) I. 100 The stew hole in his kitchen. † stew-side n. Obsolete a quarter occupied by stews or brothels. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > prostitution > [noun] > area characterized by brothels or prostitution stew-side1552 brothelry1577 red light1891 red-light district1891 ho stroll1972 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Stewside or place for whores, suburrana regio. stew-stove n. a cooking stove. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > stove or cooker > [noun] range1423 buccan1611 fire-range1668 stew-stove1727 screw-range1772 stew-hole1780 cooking stove1796 range stove1803 cooking range1805 cookstove1820 kitchener1829 gas range1853 cooker1860 gas cooker1873 Soyer's stove1878 hay-box1885 blazer1889 machine oven1890 paraffin stove1891 primus1893 electric cooker1894 electric range1894 Yukon stove1898 fireless cooker1904 picnic stove1910 pressure stove1914 Tommy cooker1915 rangette1922 Aga1931 barbecue1931 Rayburn1947 sigri1949 jiko1973 1727 P. Longueville Hermit 195 Thus cuts a Hole in the Ground.., after the Manner of stew Stoves in Noblemen's..Kitchens. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online June 2022). stewn.³ Brit. /stjuː/, /stʃuː/, U.S. /st(j)u/, Scottish English /stju/ Etymology: Of obscure etymology. The sense history of stew n.² and the related verb seems to exclude the possibility of connection with those words. From the similarity of sense, the word has been supposed to be cognate with (Middle) Dutch, Low German stof, Old High German stoup (modern German staub), Danish støv, dust; but the phonological possibility of this has not been shown. Scottish and northern. Suffocating vapour, stench, or clouds of dust. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fetor > [noun] > fetid smells stenchc893 reekeOE weffea1300 stink1382 fise14.. smeek?c1425 fist1440 fetorc1450 stew1487 moisture1542 putor1565 pouant1602 funk1606 graveolence1623 hogo1654 whiff1668 fogo1794 stythe1823 malodour1825 pen and ink1859 body scent1875 pong1900 niffa1903 hum1906 taint1927 honk1953 bowf1985 stank1996 the world > matter > gas > [noun] > fumes or vapour > thick or dense vapour smeecheOE stew1487 the world > matter > constitution of matter > granular texture > [noun] > state of being powdery > dust > cloud of cloud1382 stew1487 dust1581 pother1627 reek1854 calina1887 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xi. 614 Sic ane stew rais owth thame then Of aynding, bath of hors and men. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ii. x. 88 With stew, puldir, and dust mixt on this wise. 1571 H. Charteris Pref. Lyndesay's Wks. Pref. sig. A iv^v Fra that fyre rais sic ane stew, quhilk struik sic sturt to thair stomokis, that thay rewit it euer efter. 1781 J. Hutton Tour to Caves (ed. 2) Gloss. 96 Stew, when the air is full of dust, smoke, or steam. 1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Stew, vapour, dust, an offensive smell. 1867 Goodwife at Home xxiv. 9 I fear ye'll sconfice wi' the reek, An a' the stoor an' stew. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2022). stewn.⁴ Brit. /stjuː/, /stʃuː/, /stuː/, U.S. /st(j)u/ Etymology: Shortened < stewardess n. U.S. colloquial. = stewardess n. c. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > serving food > [noun] > server of food > steward or stewardess steward1906 stewardess1931 stew1970 1970 D. Harper Hijacked (1971) 23 If a stew flies five years, she'll keep on as long as the company lets her. 1975 B. Meggs Matter of Paradise (1976) v. iii. 122 She had been with Pan Am herself as a ‘stew’. 1979 S. Barlay Crash Course i. 6 I'm Mara. I used to be a stew myself. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † stewv.¹ Forms: Also Middle English steowien. Etymology: Early Middle English steowi, stewe (the compound wiðstewe occurs c1175 Lamb. Hom. 15), perhaps representing Old English steowan < West Germanic stawwjan (3rd singular stawiþ), whence Middle Low German, Middle High German stöuwen, stauwen* to check, restrain, hinder, modern German stauen to dam up. Obsolete. transitive. To check, restrain. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restrain [verb (transitive)] pindeOE steerc950 hold971 forbidc1000 withstewc1175 withholdc1200 stewa1225 crempa1250 bistintc1300 i-stillc1315 withdraw1340 entemperc1380 rebukec1380 forfenda1382 refraina1382 refrainc1390 restraina1393 restayc1400 retainc1415 to hold abackc1440 overholda1450 reclaim?c1450 revokec1450 bedwynge1480 sniba1500 repressa1525 rein1531 inhibit1535 to keep back1535 cohibit1544 reprimec1550 lithe1552 to rein up1574 check1581 embridle1583 to rein in1593 retrench1594 refrenate1599 to hold back1600 snip1601 becheck1605 sneap1611 trasha1616 supersede1645 reprimand1689 snape1691 to clap a guy on1814 to pull up1861 to pull in1893 withstrain1904 a1225 Leg. Kath. 374 Stille beo þu þenne & stew swuche wordes. a1225 Leg. Kath. 658 Meistre ham swa þt ha beon mid alle istewet & stille. a1225 Leg. Kath. 1529 Stew þe, & stille þine wordes. c1250 Prayer to our Lady 34 in Old Eng. Misc. 193 Moder ful of milce..læte me steowi mi flesc. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3123 And he sette stronge lawen to steowien [c1300 Otho stewe] his folke. ?a1400 Morte Arth. 1489 Thay..alle stewede wyth strenghe, that stode theme agaynes. c1400 Siege Jerusalem (1932) 48/841 Waspasian stynteþ of þe stour, steweþ his burnes, Þat wer for-beten & bled. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2021). stewv.² Brit. /stjuː/, /stʃuː/, U.S. /st(j)u/ Forms: Middle English stiwe, stuwe, stewyn, stuwyn, stuyn, Middle English–1500s stewe, Middle English–1600s stue, Middle English– stew. past participle Middle English stewid, stewyde, y-stwyde, -yed, 1500s stuyd, 1600s stewd. Etymology: < Old French estuver (modern French étuver ), related to estuve stew n.² Compare Provençal estubar, Spanish estufar, Portuguese estufar, Italian stufare. †1. transitive. To bathe in a hot bath or a vapour bath. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing oneself or body > wash one's body or part of it [verb (transitive)] > bathe > in hot or steam bath stewc1400 c1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 69 Aftir þat stewe þe with stewynge couenable to þe tyme, for þat mekyl profytes. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 192 At morowe he schal be stewid, and whanne he swetiþ his bodi schal be frotid wiþ vinegre. c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) ii. xxxii. 87 Oon day thou chaufest him the bath, and sithe stiwest [Fr. estuues] him. c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Add. MS.) lxv. 381 Then seide the precidente, ‘steweth hyme, ande than shalle he speke’. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 481/2 Stuwyn menn, or bathyn [v.r. stuyn in a stw], balneo. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) cxlv. 543 And the lady had iiii ladyes to serue her and she was baynyd and stuyd, and aparaylyd. ?1541 R. Copland Formularie of Helpes of Woundes & Sores in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens sig. Xiij^v It were behouefull to bath or stewe the membre with the infusyon of a pyece of yren. 1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 2/1 For ach in the heade. Seeth Wormewoode in water... Some there are which boyle the same in vinegar, and soe stue therwithe their head. 1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 39 The sweat dropt from us no otherwise than if we had been stew'd in Stoves or hot Baths. 2. Cooking. a. transitive. To boil slowly in a close vessel; to cook (meat, fruit, etc.) in a liquid kept at the simmering-point. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > cook [verb (transitive)] > boil > stew stewc1430 stufe1598 stove1736 c1430 Two Cookery-bks. i. 9 Pertrich stewyde. c1430 Two Cookery-bks. i. 9 Smale Byrdys y-stwyde. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 481/2 Stuwyn mete [v.r. stuyn] stupho. a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 14 Stue þy peions þus þou schalle. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 735/2 I stewe wardens, or any frutes, or meates, je esteuue. 1594 Good Huswifes Handmaide 15 b To stue a Neates foote. a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) iii. v. 110 And in the height of this Bath..when I was more then halfe stew'd in grease (like a Dutch-dish) to be throwne into the Thames. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) ii. v. 65 Thou shalt be whipt with Wyer, and stew'd in brine. View more context for this quotation 1632 R. Sherwood Dict. in R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues (new ed.) To stew meate, cuire, ou bouillir la chair entre deux plats. a1665 K. Digby Closet Opened (1669) 178 To stew a Breast of Veal. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 82/2 To Hash is to stew any Meat that is cold. 1769 E. Raffald Experienced Eng. House-keeper iv. 108 To stew a Turkey brown. c1770 H. Glasse Compl. Confectioner 22 Pour it on your pippins, and stew them till they are quite tender. 1816 J. K. Tuckey Narr. Exped. River Zaire (1818) iii. 122 Earthen pots..in which they boil or stew their meats. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth v, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. III. 103 Pits, wrought in the hill-side and lined with heated stones, served for stewing immense quantities of beef, mutton, and venison. 1873 ‘Ouida’ Pascarèl II. 6 We saw the food stewed and fried ere it came to us. b. intransitive. Of meat, fruit, etc.: To undergo stewing; to be cooked by slow boiling in a closed vessel. Also (of an infusion of tea, etc.), to ‘stand’ on the leaves, etc. Also transferred, of the pot containing it. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > undergo cooking [verb (intransitive)] > undergo boiling > undergo stewing stew1594 the world > food and drink > drink > preparation of drinks > [verb (intransitive)] > make tea > stand on leaves (of tea) stand1819 stew1906 mast1963 1594 Good Huswifes Handmaide 1 Let them [Turneps, etc.] stew till they be verie tender. 1701 Compl. Caterer 79 Let them all Stew well together. c1770 H. Glasse Compl. Confectioner 25 Let them [pears] stew over a slow fire for half an hour. 1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 548 Catillac [pear]... Large, broadly turbinate, brownish-yellow, and red, stews a good colour. 1906 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 783 There is found in tea and coffee an astringent substance which gives the well-known bitter taste to the infusions when they are allowed to ‘stew’. 1942 R.A.F. Jrnl. 3 Oct. 25 An imposing enamel teapot stands on top, quietly stewing. 1979 W. H. Canaway Solid Gold Buddha xxiv. 158 The tea stewed for fifteen minutes or so. c. In figurative phrases, with the sense: To be left to suffer the natural consequences of one's own actions; as to leave to (or let) stew in one's own juice. Cf. fry v.¹ 3, and French cuire dans son jus. Also in the senses: To be left to one's own devices, to be kept in a state of uneasy suspense, and elliptical, as to leave (one) to stew, to let (one) stew. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > apprehension > be apprehensive [verb (intransitive)] > be kept in state of apprehension stew1656 1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso (1674) ii. liii. 204 [He] could not better discover Hypocrites, than by suffering them (like Oysters) to stew in their own water. 1885 Times 21 May 8/3 I have held that it would be possible..with some reservations, to allow the Soudan to ‘stew in its own grease’. 1885 W. Harcourt Speech at Lowestoft 14 Dec. Liberals must not be in a hurry to turn the Tories out. He would let them for a few months stew in their own Parnellite juice. 1901 Scotsman 7 Mar. 7/4 Abyssinian soldiers are to be withdrawn, and the Tigreans are to be left to stew in their own juice. 1921 J. Galsworthy To Let ii. vii. 184 ‘Please don't let me bother you if you've got people.’ ‘Not at all... I want to let them stew in their own juice for a bit.’ 1928 W. S. Maugham Ashenden vii. 116 I left her to stew in her own juice for a week before I went to see her. She was in a very pretty state of nerves by then. 1934 ‘G. Orwell’ Burmese Days ii. 38 Office babus are the real rulers of this country now... Best thing we can do is to shut up shop and let 'em stew in their own juice. 1961 B. Fergusson Watery Maze xv. 378 The Japanese in Tenasserim could safely be left to stew in their own juice once we had Rangoon. 1976 W. Greatorex Crossover 182 ‘It was me,’ Calder said. ‘I made up the story.’ Calder let them stew in the silence. 1980 Church Times 3 Oct. 9/2 After letting us stew for three months, the Lord served up a miracle in the form of a perfect house for us in Berkeley. 3. transferred. †a. transitive. To bathe in perspiration. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretion of sweat > sweat [verb (transitive)] > bathe in perspiration stew1608 the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretions > perspirations > [verb (transitive)] > bathe in sweat stew1608 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear vii. 210 Came there a reeking Post, Stewd in his hast, halfe breathles, panting forth From Gonorill his mistris, salutations. View more context for this quotation 1620 J. Taylor Praise of Hemp-seed 31 Drencht with the swassing waues, and stewd in sweat. 1673 R. Head Canting Acad. 133 The expectation of..punishment had stew'd him in a cold sweat. 1686 tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia 226 We did not feel the Coldness of the Weather: For the Crowd of People..almost stew'd us before we got out. 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant ii. 49 We encamped close by this Castle, all scorched with the Sun, and stewed in Sweat. †b. figurative. To soak, steep, imbue. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > do habitually [verb (transitive)] > accustom (a person) > inveterate hardena1425 stew1604 flesh1661 inveterate1835 indurate1879 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. iv. 83 To liue In the ranck sweat of an inseemed bed Stewed in corruption. View more context for this quotation 1640 R. Brome Sparagus Garden v. xiii His conscience is stewd in Bribes. a1644 F. Quarles Solomons Recantation Solil. ii, in Wks. (1880) II. 174/2 Stue thy heart in mirth, And crush the childe of sorrow in her birth. 1822 W. Hazlitt Table-talk (1869) 2nd Ser. 223 An opinion is vulgar that is stewed in the rank breath of the rabble. c. To confine in close or ill-ventilated quarters. Chiefly with up. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > confinement > confine [verb (transitive)] > confine in a narrow space threnga1154 thringc1250 straitc1420 estrait1529 straiten1576 stew1590 estraitena1610 crowdc1632 cramp1683 to box in1845 poke1860 1590 R. Greene Mourning Garment 4 If Aristotle had still like a mycher beene stewed vp in Stagyra, he had neuer written his workes. 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 92 The Rich Banyans..stew themselves out of a penurious humour, crowding Three or Four Families together into a Hovel. 1722 J. Macky Journey through Eng. II. iii. 41 Formerly the Country Ladies were stewed up in their Fathers old Mansion Houses, and seldom saw Company. 1812 J. Sinclair Acct. Syst. Husbandry Scotl. i. 17 Cattle suffer much from being huddled together, and stewed close up in a low-roofed cow-house in winter. d. intransitive. To stay excessively long in bed. Also, to remain in a heated or stifling atmosphere; hence slang, to study hard. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > bed related to sleep or rest > go to bed or retire to rest [verb (intransitive)] > be in bed or lie > for certain period stew1671 sleep1827 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > be hot [verb (intransitive)] > have or get the sensation of heat > remain in hot or close place stew1671 frowst1884 stuff1927 society > education > learning > study > [verb (intransitive)] > study diligently or hard porec1387 muzz?1744 sap1830 bone1832 to study up1846 mug1848 grind1855 swot1860 stew1866 swank1890 groise1913 1671 S. Tuke Adventures of Five Hours (rev. ed.) i. 15 Sir, they have certain Niches in their Walls, Where they climb up a Nights, and there they stew, In their own Grease, till Morning. 1705 J. Vanbrugh Confederacy ii. i Abroad, abroad, abroad already? why, she uses to be stewing in her bed three hours after this time. 1832 S. Warren Passages from Diary of Late Physician II. iv. 219 What a gloomy man that Dr. —— is..! he keeps one stewing in bed for a week, if one has but a common cold. 1866 Routledge's Every Boy's Ann. 706 Cooper was stewing over his books. 1870 M. Bridgman Robert Lynne I. vi. 81 The sea-breezes will freshen me up, after stewing in this hole. 1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 576 I had been stewing for nine months and more in tropic and equatorial swamps. 1906 Westm. Gaz. 17 Sept. 4/1 Should the charms of his book lure him to sleep,..the string tied to his tuft of hair would instantly remind him of the..necessity to ‘stew’ for the ensuing examination. e. To fret; to suffer anxiety or suspense; to be in an agitated state. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > be upset or perturbed [verb (intransitive)] sweata1400 ail1485 toss1517 heavec1540 seethe1609 to be in a way1855 stew1917 the mind > emotion > fear > apprehension > be apprehensive [verb (intransitive)] trance1340 to be on (the) tenter(s1633 to be on (the) tenterhooks1748 stew1917 the mind > emotion > fear > nervousness or uneasiness > be nervous or uneasy [verb (intransitive)] > be uneasy > fret or suffer anxiety stew1917 1917 S. Lewis Innocents xviii. 208 I was suspicious of these fellows that are always petting and stewing over their wives in public. 1930 E. B. White Lett. (1976) 91 White has been stewing around for two days now, a little bit worried. 1932 ‘A. Bridge’ Peking Picnic iii. 31 He seemed to be stewing, so I told him to come over and have a cocktail later on. 1949 E. Pound Pisan Cantos (new ed.) lxxx. 92 Stewing with rage Concerning the landlady's doings with a lodger unnamed. 1956 W. H. Whyte Organization Man x. 129 They don't want a man to fret and stew about his work. 1974 R. Harris Double Snare xviii. 133 I wouldn't let them go to life imprisonment... Why shouldn't they stew a little? 1979 Tucson (Arizona) Mag. Mar. 23/1 City planners don't just sit around and stew over traffic congestion. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online June 2022). stewv.³ Brit. /stjuː/, /stʃuː/, U.S. /st(j)u/, Scottish English /stju/ Forms: Also 1800s steuch. Etymology: < stew n.³ Scottish. intransitive. To stink, emit a stench. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fetor > stink [verb (intransitive)] stinkc725 stenchc950 to-stinka1382 smella1400 savour?1440 stew1563 reek1609 funk1694 pen-and-ink1892 whiff1899 niff1900 hum1902 pong1906 honk1959 1563 N. Winȝet tr. St. Vincent of Lérins For Antiq. Catholike Fayth xxxi, in Certain Tractates (1890) II. 64 Thai knaw thair stink to na man almaist haistelie to be plesand, gif it stewit and reikit out naikit and plane. 1891 J. J. H. Burgess Rasmie's Büddie 63 Da stink o brimstin in a bizz Cam steuchin but. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1387n.²c1305n.³1487n.⁴1970v.¹a1225v.²c1400v.³1563
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