acerbateadj.

Brit.

/əˈsəːbət/, U.S.

/əˈsərbət/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin acerbātus.

Etymology: < classical Latin acerbātus, past participle of acerbāre acerbate v. Compare earlier acerbate v. Compare also earlier acerb adj. 2 and slightly earlier acerbic adj.

literary.

Embittered; severe.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > harshness or severity > [adjective]

heavyc825

retheeOE

stithc897

hardeOE

starkOE

sternOE

dangerous?c1225

sharp?c1225

unsoftc1275

sturdy1297

asperc1374

austerec1384

shrewda1387

snella1400

sternful?a1400

dour?a1425

thrallc1430

piquant1521

tetrical1528

tetric1533

sorea1535

rugged?1548

severe1548

iron1574

harsh1579

strict1600

angry1650

Catonian1676

Draconic1708

tetricous1727

alkaline1789

acerbic1853

stiff1856

acerbate1869

acerbitous1870

Draconian1876

Catonic1883

the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill-naturedness > sourness or bitterness of temper > [adjective]

bitter?c1225

sour?c1225

envenomedc1375

envenomousa1420

crabbed1565

gallish1595

verjuice1598

vinegar-tart1599

soury1647

acrid1681

acrious1682

sourish1688

embittered1694

subacid1760

verjuiced1836

acidulent1837

vinaigrous1837

vinegar1847

vinegary1847

soured1848

acerbic1853

acidulous1865

acerbate1869

acerbitous1870

snake-headed1920

sour-pussed1952

1869 Echo 16 Sept. 1/3 The very faults of a fat man are less acerbate than those of other people.

1959 William & Mary Q. 16 269 The acerbate and celebrated animadversions of John Milton.

1982 Luso-Brazilian Rev. 19 211 The acerbate Hugo..works for his boyhood friend.

1992 World Lit. Today 66 320 Gilvan Lemos is insistent upon portraying an acerbate, cruel, and unrepentant view of modern Brazil.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

acerbatev.

Brit.

/ˈasəbeɪt/, U.S.

/ˈæsərˌbeɪt/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin acerbāt-, acerbāre.

Etymology: < classical Latin acerbāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of acerbāre to embitter, to make worse, aggravate < acerbus acerb adj. Compare exacerbate v.

transitive. To exacerbate (a negative feeling or problem); (occasionally) †to sour or embitter (a person) (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > irritate [verb (transitive)]

gremec893

grillc897

teenOE

mispay?c1225

agrillec1275

oftenec1275

tarya1300

tarc1300

atenec1320

enchafec1374

to-tarc1384

stingc1386

chafe?a1400

pokec1400

irec1420

ertc1440

rehete1447

nettlec1450

bog1546

tickle1548

touch1581

urge1593

aggravate1598

irritate1598

dishumour1600

to wind up1602

to pick at ——1603

outhumour1607

vex1625

bloody1633

efferate1653

rankle1659

spleen1689

splenetize1700

rile1724

roil1742

to put out1796

to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823

roughen1837

acerbate1845

to stroke against the hair, the wrong way (of the hair)1846

nag1849

to rub (a person, etc.) up the wrong way1859

frump1862

rattle1865

to set up any one's bristles1873

urticate1873

needle1874

draw1876

to rough up1877

to stick pins into1879

to get on ——1880

to make (someone) tiredc1883

razoo1890

to get under a person's skin1896

to get a person's goat1905

to be on at1907

to get a person's nanny1909

cag1919

to get a person's nanny-goat1928

cagmag1932

peeve1934

tick-off1934

to get on a person's tits1945

to piss off1946

bug1947

to get up a person's nose1951

tee1955

bum1970

tick1975

1657 N. Billingsley Brachy-martyrologia xv. 53 'Tis this (said he) that acerbates my woe; I live, who should have dyed long agoe.

?1792 J. Stewart Apoc. Nature II. 221 Violence once permitted becomes a leaven that acerbates the great mass with long ages of misery.

1845 E. Bulwer-Lytton Zanoni Ep. Ded. The ignoble jealousy and the sordid strife which degrade and acerbate the ambition of Genius.

1862 A. Trollope N. Amer. I. 86 The Canadians..have been vexed and acerbated by the braggadocio of the Northern States.

1881 A. Trollope Ayala's Angel II. xxxvi. 175 At first they were both extremely angry, acerbating each other's wrath.

1949 E. Goudge Gentian Hill i. xi. 154 Good patriot though he was, this business of spending time on drill, when there was work to do about the farm, acerbated his temper.

1988 Univ. Coll. London Bull. Feb. 6/2 There are particular problems in the Library sector which acerbate the situation.

2007 Jerusalem Post (Nexis) 12 Oct. 14 The religious educator's dilemma is acerbated further by the fact that he is not really supposed to be paid for teaching Torah in the first place.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	acerbate
释义	acerbateadj. Brit. /əˈsəːbət/, U.S. /əˈsərbət/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin acerbātus. Etymology: < classical Latin acerbātus, past participle of acerbāre acerbate v. Compare earlier acerbate v. Compare also earlier acerb adj. 2 and slightly earlier acerbic adj. literary. Embittered; severe. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > harshness or severity > [adjective] heavyc825 retheeOE stithc897 hardeOE starkOE sternOE dangerous?c1225 sharp?c1225 unsoftc1275 sturdy1297 asperc1374 austerec1384 shrewda1387 snella1400 sternful?a1400 dour?a1425 thrallc1430 piquant1521 tetrical1528 tetric1533 sorea1535 rugged?1548 severe1548 iron1574 harsh1579 strict1600 angry1650 Catonian1676 Draconic1708 tetricous1727 alkaline1789 acerbic1853 stiff1856 acerbate1869 acerbitous1870 Draconian1876 Catonic1883 the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill-naturedness > sourness or bitterness of temper > [adjective] bitter?c1225 sour?c1225 envenomedc1375 envenomousa1420 crabbed1565 gallish1595 verjuice1598 vinegar-tart1599 soury1647 acrid1681 acrious1682 sourish1688 embittered1694 subacid1760 verjuiced1836 acidulent1837 vinaigrous1837 vinegar1847 vinegary1847 soured1848 acerbic1853 acidulous1865 acerbate1869 acerbitous1870 snake-headed1920 sour-pussed1952 1869 Echo 16 Sept. 1/3 The very faults of a fat man are less acerbate than those of other people. 1959 William & Mary Q. 16 269 The acerbate and celebrated animadversions of John Milton. 1982 Luso-Brazilian Rev. 19 211 The acerbate Hugo..works for his boyhood friend. 1992 World Lit. Today 66 320 Gilvan Lemos is insistent upon portraying an acerbate, cruel, and unrepentant view of modern Brazil. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021). acerbatev. Brit. /ˈasəbeɪt/, U.S. /ˈæsərˌbeɪt/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin acerbāt-, acerbāre. Etymology: < classical Latin acerbāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of acerbāre to embitter, to make worse, aggravate < acerbus acerb adj. Compare exacerbate v. transitive. To exacerbate (a negative feeling or problem); (occasionally) †to sour or embitter (a person) (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > irritate [verb (transitive)] gremec893 grillc897 teenOE mispay?c1225 agrillec1275 oftenec1275 tarya1300 tarc1300 atenec1320 enchafec1374 to-tarc1384 stingc1386 chafe?a1400 pokec1400 irec1420 ertc1440 rehete1447 nettlec1450 bog1546 tickle1548 touch1581 urge1593 aggravate1598 irritate1598 dishumour1600 to wind up1602 to pick at ——1603 outhumour1607 vex1625 bloody1633 efferate1653 rankle1659 spleen1689 splenetize1700 rile1724 roil1742 to put out1796 to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823 roughen1837 acerbate1845 to stroke against the hair, the wrong way (of the hair)1846 nag1849 to rub (a person, etc.) up the wrong way1859 frump1862 rattle1865 to set up any one's bristles1873 urticate1873 needle1874 draw1876 to rough up1877 to stick pins into1879 to get on ——1880 to make (someone) tiredc1883 razoo1890 to get under a person's skin1896 to get a person's goat1905 to be on at1907 to get a person's nanny1909 cag1919 to get a person's nanny-goat1928 cagmag1932 peeve1934 tick-off1934 to get on a person's tits1945 to piss off1946 bug1947 to get up a person's nose1951 tee1955 bum1970 tick1975 1657 N. Billingsley Brachy-martyrologia xv. 53 'Tis this (said he) that acerbates my woe; I live, who should have dyed long agoe. ?1792 J. Stewart Apoc. Nature II. 221 Violence once permitted becomes a leaven that acerbates the great mass with long ages of misery. 1845 E. Bulwer-Lytton Zanoni Ep. Ded. The ignoble jealousy and the sordid strife which degrade and acerbate the ambition of Genius. 1862 A. Trollope N. Amer. I. 86 The Canadians..have been vexed and acerbated by the braggadocio of the Northern States. 1881 A. Trollope Ayala's Angel II. xxxvi. 175 At first they were both extremely angry, acerbating each other's wrath. 1949 E. Goudge Gentian Hill i. xi. 154 Good patriot though he was, this business of spending time on drill, when there was work to do about the farm, acerbated his temper. 1988 Univ. Coll. London Bull. Feb. 6/2 There are particular problems in the Library sector which acerbate the situation. 2007 Jerusalem Post (Nexis) 12 Oct. 14 The religious educator's dilemma is acerbated further by the fact that he is not really supposed to be paid for teaching Torah in the first place. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.1869v.1657
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