acerbadj.

Brit.

/əˈsəːb/, U.S.

/əˈsərb/

Forms: 1600s–1700s acerbe, 1600s– acerb.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French acerbe; Latin acerbus.

Etymology: < French acerbe harsh, cruel (1198 in Old French), sour or sharp-tasting (1480 in Middle French; also in Anglo-Norman in sense ‘bitter’ (mid 13th cent.)) and its etymon classical Latin acerbus having a sour flavour, acid, bitter, harsh, strident, discordant, unripe, immature, bitterly hostile, pitiless, cruel, (of death) untimely, painful, grievous, distressing, disagreeable, strict, severe, morose, apparently < the base of ācer sharp (see acrid adj.), although the difference in vowel length is unexplained. Compare Catalan acerb (15th cent.), Spanish acerbo (15th cent.), Portuguese acerbo (a1580), Italian acerbo (13th cent.). Compare earlier acerbity n. Compare also acerbly adv.

Chiefly U.S. and literary in later use. Cf. acerbic adj.

1. Of food or flavour: astringently sour or harsh-tasting.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > sourness or acidity > [adjective]

sourc1000

sourish1398

acetosea1400

eagerc1405

acetous?a1425

crabbed1565

sharpish1589

unsugared1592

flatten1594

Amerine1601

acetosous1605

acerba1616

acid1626

acidulous1674

salso-acid1697

acescent1707

sugarless1785

acidulent1800

blink1883

brut1891

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) i. iii. 348 The food that to him now, is as lushious as Locusts, shall be to him shortly as acerbe as the Colloquintida.

1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia Isagoge sig. D8 Some are austere and acerb..as rosted quinces, wardens, services.

1698 J. Floyer Treat. Asthma (1717) ii. 25 When the Meat is crude, slimy, windy, acerb.

1707 J. Floyer Physician's Pulse-watch 75 A moderate degree of cold produces a sweet Phlegm..and the greatest an Acerbe vitrious slime towards the coldest time of Winter.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Physicians usually make Acerb an intermediate Savour between Acid, Austere, and Bitter.

1767 A. Lee in Philos. Trans. 1766 (Royal Soc.) 56 96 Three drams of a gummy substance intensely bitter and acerb.

1905 C. S. Sargent Man. Trees N. Amer. 513 Prunus americana, bright red when fully ripe..with tough thick acerb skin.

2. Of speech, manner, or temper: bitter and sharp; forthright and cutting.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill-naturedness > sourness or bitterness of temper > [adjective] > of speech or speaker

stinginga1529

tart1601

tart-tongued1602

acrimonious1651

acerb1822

1822 Examiner 109/1 There exists an acerb race of professional observers, who dwell upon these amusing anomalies.

1873 A. D. Whitney Other Girls xviii. 241 A kindlier touch to her antitheses than pertained to those of that acerb damsel.

1958 Sunday Times (Johannesburg) 21 Sept. (Mag.) 7/5 Miss Tremayne..in a few acerb paragraphs, dismisses Karaolis as a coward.

1992 S. Sontag Volcano Lover (1993) 67 Acerb portraits of the principal players on the local scene.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	acerb
释义	acerbadj. Brit. /əˈsəːb/, U.S. /əˈsərb/ Forms: 1600s–1700s acerbe, 1600s– acerb. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French acerbe; Latin acerbus. Etymology: < French acerbe harsh, cruel (1198 in Old French), sour or sharp-tasting (1480 in Middle French; also in Anglo-Norman in sense ‘bitter’ (mid 13th cent.)) and its etymon classical Latin acerbus having a sour flavour, acid, bitter, harsh, strident, discordant, unripe, immature, bitterly hostile, pitiless, cruel, (of death) untimely, painful, grievous, distressing, disagreeable, strict, severe, morose, apparently < the base of ācer sharp (see acrid adj.), although the difference in vowel length is unexplained. Compare Catalan acerb (15th cent.), Spanish acerbo (15th cent.), Portuguese acerbo (a1580), Italian acerbo (13th cent.). Compare earlier acerbity n. Compare also acerbly adv. Chiefly U.S. and literary in later use. Cf. acerbic adj. 1. Of food or flavour: astringently sour or harsh-tasting. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > sourness or acidity > [adjective] sourc1000 sourish1398 acetosea1400 eagerc1405 acetous?a1425 crabbed1565 sharpish1589 unsugared1592 flatten1594 Amerine1601 acetosous1605 acerba1616 acid1626 acidulous1674 salso-acid1697 acescent1707 sugarless1785 acidulent1800 blink1883 brut1891 a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) i. iii. 348 The food that to him now, is as lushious as Locusts, shall be to him shortly as acerbe as the Colloquintida. 1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia Isagoge sig. D8 Some are austere and acerb..as rosted quinces, wardens, services. 1698 J. Floyer Treat. Asthma (1717) ii. 25 When the Meat is crude, slimy, windy, acerb. 1707 J. Floyer Physician's Pulse-watch 75 A moderate degree of cold produces a sweet Phlegm..and the greatest an Acerbe vitrious slime towards the coldest time of Winter. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Physicians usually make Acerb an intermediate Savour between Acid, Austere, and Bitter. 1767 A. Lee in Philos. Trans. 1766 (Royal Soc.) 56 96 Three drams of a gummy substance intensely bitter and acerb. 1905 C. S. Sargent Man. Trees N. Amer. 513 Prunus americana, bright red when fully ripe..with tough thick acerb skin. 2. Of speech, manner, or temper: bitter and sharp; forthright and cutting. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill-naturedness > sourness or bitterness of temper > [adjective] > of speech or speaker stinginga1529 tart1601 tart-tongued1602 acrimonious1651 acerb1822 1822 Examiner 109/1 There exists an acerb race of professional observers, who dwell upon these amusing anomalies. 1873 A. D. Whitney Other Girls xviii. 241 A kindlier touch to her antitheses than pertained to those of that acerb damsel. 1958 Sunday Times (Johannesburg) 21 Sept. (Mag.) 7/5 Miss Tremayne..in a few acerb paragraphs, dismisses Karaolis as a coward. 1992 S. Sontag Volcano Lover (1993) 67 Acerb portraits of the principal players on the local scene. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.a1616
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