单词 | stith |
释义 | stithn. 1. = stithy n. 1. Obsolete exc. northern. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > forging equipment > anvil anvileOE stithy1295 stithc1300 c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1877 [They] beten on him so doth þe smith With þe hamer on þe stith. c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1168 The Smyth That forgeth sharpe swerdes on his styth. 1426 J. Lydgate tr. G. de Guileville Pilgrimage Life Man 10973 Wyth-inne an hevy styth off stel, A ffethre sholde entre as wel As any doctryne..Sholde entre in-to hys hed. 1465 in J. Raine Charters Priory Finchale (1837) p. ccxcix ij stethes, ij foyrhamers [etc.]. 1494 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 250 Item, for tussen of the stede to the smede viij d. 1584 R. Greene Gwydonius f. 14v Valericus..determyned to stryke on the Stythe whyle the yron was hotte. 1586 G. Whitney Choice of Emblemes 192 For there with strengthe he strikes vppon the stithe [rhyme pith]. 1609 T. Heywood Troia Britanica viii. xxi. 174 Most thinke Lame Vulcan on the Styth first wrought. 1787 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. Stith, an anvil. 1823 E. Moor Suffolk Words 398 Stith,..a smith's anvil. 1866 W. Henderson Notes Folk Lore Northern Counties i. 27 They placed a charge of gunpowder in the stith, or anvil of the blacksmith's shop, and fired it. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [noun] > bones of ear > incus stithy1578 anvil1594 stith1633 incus1669 1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island v. xliii. 57 The first [bone] an Hammer call'd, whose out-grown sides Lie on the drumme; but with his swelling end Fixt in the hollow Stithe. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online December 2021). stithadj. Obsolete exc. Scottish. 1. a. Of material things: Not bending or giving easily, unyielding, stout, strong. ? Obsolete exc. Scottish. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > strength > [adjective] hardeOE strongOE stithOE starkc1275 sturdyc1374 brazena1382 mighty?1448 boisterous?1571 oaky1631 stout1765 pang1813 OE Beowulf 1533 Hit [a sword] on eorðan læg, stið and stylecg. c1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 288 Ðeos wyrt..hafað lange leaf & stiþe. a1400–50 Wars Alex. 5461 And all þe strands of þe streme stode full of stith reedis. a1420 Aunters of Arthur 591 Stiþe stapeles of stele þey strike done stiȝte. ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 5005 He was taken, And in to stithe fettirs schakyn. c1480 (a1400) St. Matthias 278 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 230 [He] went furtht & hyme-self can hynge with a cord bath styth & strange. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) x. 364 A cruk thai maid..Of Irn, that wes styth and square. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid x. vi. 17 Bend vp ȝour ayris styth, and rays ȝour schippys. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1997 Was no stightlyng with stere, ne no stithe ropes, Ne no sayle, þat might serue for vnsound wedur. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 13282. 1871 P. H. Waddell Psalms frae Hebrew xxxi. 4 Redd me frae the girns they hae happit for me; for yerlane are my stoop sae styth.] ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > [adjective] stithc1000 strongOE fastenedOE warneda1300 strengtheda1382 unpregnable1387 embattledc1400 enbanedc1400 warrayable14.. impregnable1430 inexpugnable1490 strengthy1513 bulwarkeda1533 unexpugnable1533 fortified1538 well-fortified1538 unwinnablec1540 forced1548 forted1566 unbatterable1576 fencible?1579 unforcible1611 impregnate1632 untakable1652 of (good) force1697 casemated1740 well-girt1756 embattled1765 strongish1821 unbreachable1866 c1000 Ags. Ps. lx. 2 Þu me gelæddest mid lufan hyhte, wære me stranga tor, stið wið feondum. c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 897 Tounes þai ȝold him skete And cites stiþe of stan. 1340–70 Alisaunder 91 They..turned tit to a towne þat Attanus hyght, A stiþ stede, & a strong. c1425 Wyntoun Cron. vii. 3202 Þis Kynge..made hym for to duel In til Edynburgh þe stythe castel. c1480 (a1400) St. Ninian 946 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 331 [He was] put in pressone stith of stane. 2. Inflexible, rigid, stiff. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > types of hardness > [adjective] > stiff or rigid stithc897 stiff1000 starkOE inflexiblec1400 rigent?1440 unbowable1537 staffish1545 steya1586 unpliablea1618 rigid1618 unsupple1621 unpliant1624 immercurial1637 steeve1637 starky1657 impliablea1734 tharf1747 stiff as a poker1798 unbending1802 unbowsome1818 crisp1851 unbendable1884 poker-stiff1894 unfluxile1925 c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xxxiii. 228 & him ðone stiðan swioran [L. rigida colla] fortræde. b. Scottish. Rigid (in death). ? Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > dead body > [adjective] > condition of stiffa1200 colda1400 throa1400 starkc1425 clay-cold1633 stith1755 1755 R. Forbes Jrnl. London to Portsmouth in tr. Ovid Ajax his Speech (new ed.) 30 An' the horse tak a brattle now, they may..ding me yavil, an' as styth as gin I had been elf-shot. 1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess 8 Up by the lambie's lying yonder styth. 1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. at Stith 3 Sheet styth, shot dead, Aberd. c. Scottish. Of a rope: Taut. ? Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > types of hardness > [adjective] > taut stiffc1386 unrelaxed1508 taut1567 tight1576 strait1578 strict1578 starka1642 tense1671 stith1825 strict1860 stent1886 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Styth..3. Stiff, in consequence of being stretched; applied to a rope, Upp. Clydes. ΘΚΠ society > authority > strictness > [adjective] > severe or stern wrothc893 retheeOE stithc897 starkOE sternOE hardOE dangerous?c1225 sharpa1340 asperc1374 austerec1384 shrewda1387 snella1400 sternful?a1400 unsterna1400 dour?a1425 piquant1521 tetrical1528 tetric1533 sorea1535 rugged?1548 severe1548 hard-handed1611 Catonian1676 tetricous1727 heavy1849 acerbic1853 stiff1856 Catonic1883 tough1905 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > harshness or severity > [adjective] heavyc825 retheeOE stithc897 hardeOE starkOE sternOE dangerous?c1225 sharp?c1225 unsoftc1275 sturdy1297 asperc1374 austerec1384 shrewda1387 snella1400 sternful?a1400 dour?a1425 thrallc1430 piquant1521 tetrical1528 tetric1533 sorea1535 rugged?1548 severe1548 iron1574 harsh1579 strict1600 angry1650 Catonian1676 Draconic1708 tetricous1727 alkaline1789 acerbic1853 stiff1856 acerbate1869 acerbitous1870 Draconian1876 Catonic1883 c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xvii. 126 Sie ðær eac reðnes [in a ruler], næs ðeah to stið. OE Genesis 2849 Stiðum wordum spræc him stefne to. a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1086 Ac he wæs swa stið þat he ne rohte heora eallra nið. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 95 He demað stiðne dom þam forsunegede on his efter to-come. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > constancy or steadfastness > [adjective] fasteOE stathelfasteOE anredOE hardOE starkOE trueOE steadfast993 fastredeOE stithc1000 findyOE stablea1275 stathelyc1275 stiffc1275 stablec1290 steel to the (very) backa1300 unbowinga1300 stably13.. firm1377 unmovablea1382 constantc1386 abidingc1400 toughc1400 sure1421 unmoblea1425 unfaintedc1425 unfaint1436 permanent?a1475 stalwartc1480 unbroken1513 immovable1534 inconcuss1542 unshaken1548 stout1569 unwavering1570 undiscourageable1571 fixed1574 discourageable1576 unappalled1578 resolute1579 unremoved1583 resolved1585 unflexiblea1586 unshakeda1586 square1589 unstooping1597 iron1598 rocky1601 steady1602 undeclinable1610 unboweda1616 unfainting1615 unswayed1615 staunch1624 undiscourageda1628 staid1631 unshook1633 blue?1636 true blue?1636 tenacious1640 uncomplying1643 yieldless1651 riveting1658 unshakened1659 inconquerable1660 unyielding1677 unbendinga1688 tight1690 unswerving1694 unfaltering1727 unsubmitting1730 undeviating1732 undrooping1736 impervertible1741 undamped1742 undyingc1765 sturdy1775 stiff as a poker1798 unfickle1802 indivertible1821 thick and thin1822 undisheartened1827 inconvertible1829 straightforward1829 indomitable1830 stickfast1831 unsuccumbing1833 unturnable1847 unswerved1849 undivertible1856 unforsaking1862 swerveless1863 steeve1870 rock-ribbed1884 stiff in the back1897 the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adjective] starkOE moodyOE stithc1000 stidyc1175 stallc1275 harda1382 stubbornc1386 obstinate?1387 throa1400 hard nolleda1425 obstinant?a1425 pertinacec1425 stablec1440 dour1488 unresigned1497 difficultc1503 hard-necked1530 pertinatec1534 obstacle1535 stout-stomached1549 hard-faced1567 stunt1581 hard-headed1583 pertinacious1583 stuntly1583 peremptory1589 stomachous1590 mulish1600 stomachful1600 obstined1606 restive1633 obstinacious1649 opinionated1649 tenacious1656 iron-sided1659 sturdy1664 cat-witted1672 obstinated1672 unyielding1677 ruggish1688 bullet-headed1699 tough1780 pelsy1785 stupid1788 hard-set1818 thick and thin1822 stuntya1825 rigwiddie1826 indomitable1830 recalcitrant1830 set1848 mule-headed1870 muley1871 capitose1881 hard-nosed1917 tight1928 c1000 Ags. Ps. cxlvii. 6 For andwlitan celes, þær æni ne mæg him standan, stiðe mode. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 5028 Þes wes ræh þes wes strong þes wes stið æn þonke. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1591 Esau wifuede us to dere, Quan he..Toc of kin ðe canaan bi-gat. For-ði he maked him stið & strong. 1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1725) 194 My broþer Safadyn Is riche of tenement, his sonnes strong & stith, Þer wille wille not be went. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 61 He þat [s] titthest wenis at stand [Fairf. 14 stiþest wenes to stande], Warre hym his fall is nexst his hand. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) viii. 384 A lord..so veill bowrdand, And in battale so stith to stand. 5. Intense in degree or quality; not mild or weak; severe, violent, strong. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [adjective] > carried on violently stithc1000 strongOE starkOE storlicc1275 stourc1275 sharpc1381 stalwartc1420 sturdya1450 sorea1500 vehement1531 shrewd1576 perperacute1647 furied1878 c1000 Battle of Maldon 301 Þær wæs stið gemot. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3461 Þair strut it was vn-stern stith. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) ix. 343 Thar wes oft bikkyrring stith & stout. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 9679 The store was full stith. b. of the weather, a storm, etc. ? Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [adjective] > severe or violent (of weather or elements) retheeOE strongOE stithc1100 snella1400 woodc1400 outrage?a1425 violentc1425 sternc1449 strainable1497 rigorous1513 stalwart1528 vehement1528 sore1535 sturdy1569 robustious1632 severe1676 beating1702 shaving1789 snorting1819 wroth1852 wrathy1872 snapping1876 vicious1882 c1100 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (MS. D.) ann. 1048 Her wæs se stiþa winter. c1100 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 1052 He..feng swa stið weder þat he uneaðe a wæig com. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3266 Ðhunder and leuene and rein ðor-mong God sente on ðat hird, stið and strong. c1400 Sc. Trojan War i. 413 And wedderis styth [wald] Baith ger fall rayn and haile. c1420 Sir Amadace (Camd.) xlviii Stithe stormes me ore-drofe. 1801 W. Beattie Fruits Time Parings 34 Perforce of endrift styth, He is oblig'd to seek a lyth Amo' the byres. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > action of river > [adjective] > flowing rapidly or violently stiff?a1366 sternc1374 throc1380 despitousa1450 stith1487 pouring1577 stickle1587 testy1610 sharp1655 unruly1697 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) x. 84 Ane vattir..That ran doun by the hillis syde, And wes rycht styth, bath deip & wyde. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid v. 64 Quhair that Ionium clepit is the see, And als forgane the stith stremis of Malee. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > [adjective] > strong-tasting strongeOE stithc1000 violenta1398 tartc1405 froughc1420 high?c1430 lecherous1474 strong1588 brusque1601 valiant1607 pertish1635 haut-goût1645 full-flavoured1736 lively1770 gamey1820 ory1854 zestful?1855 robust1873 tangy1875 stewy1895 the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > [adjective] > descriptive of odours stithc1000 violenta1398 hot1595 valiant1607 warm1720 gamey1820 weak1854 blazing1875 c1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 156 Genim þysse wyrte sæd..ge~mencged mid stiþum ecede. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 932 Iason..Dange on the deuyll..Tyll the stremys of stynke & of stythe venum Past out in the place pyne to be-holde. 1674 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 45 Stithe Cheese, i.e. strong Cheese. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > [adjective] loud971 stithc1000 strongOE greata1375 stiff1377 wrastc1400 boistousc1430 stourc1440 big1549 routing1567 thundering?1576 full-mouthed1594 thunderous1606 tonitruous1606 thundery1608 trump-like1609 full-mouth1624 voluminousa1635 rousing1640 altisonous1661 lusty1672 tonitrual1693 rending1719 trumpet-like1814 foudroyant1840 clarion1842 trumpeting1850 trumpet-toned1851 loudish1860 tonitruant1861 tonant1891 thunderful1898 high1923 wham-bam1960 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > quality of voice > [adjective] > loud or resonant loud971 highlyOE stithc1000 strongOE steepc1275 stiff1377 strengthfula1382 gross1398 stentorious15.. open-mouthed?1533 wildc1550 preclare?1553 strainable1569 trolling1581 main1582 wide-mouthed1589 full-mouthed1594 wide-mouth?c1599 stentorian1606 trump-like1609 stentorophonic1678 strenuous1680 open-mouth1702 stentorial1754 stentoronic1762 full-throated1820 trumpety1822 Stentor1837 c1000 Ags. Ps. liv. 17 Þæt þu bliðe me, mine stefne, stiðe gehyre. a1300 Cursor Mundi 22527 All bestes..cri sal wit stiþer steuen þan nu mai do ten or elleuen, All for dred. a1400–50 Wars Alex. 1251 Sa stithe a steuyn..As it was semand to siȝt as all þe soyle trymblid. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > bodily strength > [adjective] > robust strongeOE hardOE stalworthc1175 starka1250 stiff1297 steel to the (very) backa1300 stalworthyc1300 wightc1300 stable13.. valiant1303 stithc1325 toughc1330 wrast1338 stoura1350 sadc1384 wighty14.. derfc1440 substantialc1460 well-jointed1483 felon1487 robust1490 stalwart1508 stoutya1529 robustous?1531 rankc1540 hardy1548 robustious1548 stout1576 rustical1583 rustic1620 iron1638 robustic1652 swankinga1704 strapping1707 rugged1731 solid1741 vaudy1793 flaithulach1829 ironbark1833 swankie1838 tough as (old) boots or leather1843 skookum1847 hard (also tough, sharp) as nails1862 hard-assed1954 nails1974 c1325 Metr. Hom. (1862) 10 [John the Baptist] said a stither gom than I, Efter me sal com in hy. c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 66 A turnament þai ches Wiþ kniȝtes stiþe on stede. c1330 Amis & Amil. 1303 On stedes that were stithe and strong, Thai riden togider with schaftes long. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 18181 Sua stith [Vesp. stijf] in sture, and king of bliss, Dede and alsua liuand es. c1400 Rowland & Otuel 485 Þis was a stythe stroke of a knyghte, & no thynge of a childe! c1440 Pallad. on Husb. iv. 912 A staloun asse ybolked, brawny, sadde And large ylimed, stronge & steyth. 1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. bvi Right styth stuffit in steill thai stotit na stynt Bot buskit to battaille. a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 697 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 116 In flesche tyme quhen ye fische war away flemyt Quha was stewart bot ye stork stallwart & styth. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † stithv. Scottish. Obsolete. transitive. To set firmly, to cause to remain immovable. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > absence of movement > render immobile [verb (transitive)] > stabilize > fix firmly in place morec1300 ficchec1374 firmc1374 fix14.. staplec1400 stithc1480 perplant1548 settle1560 stay1565 lock1590 haft1755 sicker1824 brace1849 c1480 (a1400) St. Lucy 242 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 394 Þe haly gast had sa stithit hire, þat nane of þai mycht of þat place a fute hire stere. c1480 (a1400) St. Lucy 270 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 395 It is of criste þe benyfice, þat stithis me on þis wyse. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online March 2019). † stithadv. Obsolete. Strongly, stoutly, firmly; violently; harshly, severely. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [adverb] strongeOE hotOE unsoftOE snellya1000 stitha1000 stronglyOE woodlyc1000 hatelyOE unridelyc1175 wood1297 mainlyc1300 dreec1330 spackly?c1335 brothelyc1340 bremelya1375 fiercelya1375 violentlya1387 throlyc1390 roughlya1400 snarplya1400 unrekenlya1400 dreichlyc1400 ranklyc1400 witherlyc1400 maliciouslya1450 fervently1480 roidlyc1480 thrafully1535 vehement?1541 toughly1589 sickerly1596 vengeously1599 virulently1599 rageously1600 ragefullya1631 churlishly1657 improbously1657 rampantly1698 fierce1771 savagerous1832 fulgurantly1873 franticly1883 society > authority > strictness > [adverb] > severely or sternly sternlyc897 stitha1000 sterna1175 foulc1275 stithlya1300 steevely1340 austerely?a1400 smartlya1400 unsternlya1400 sore1484 shrewdly1490 dourlya1500 severely1548 roundly1567 severe1599 fiercely1611 piquantly1691 the world > movement > absence of movement > [adverb] > in a stable manner > firmly (fixed) stronglyeOE fasteOE stitha1000 hardOE fastlyOE steadfasta1300 stithlya1300 steevec1330 a-rootc1374 firmlyc1374 hard and fastc1380 sadc1380 sadlya1398 steadfastlya1400 stronga1400 stalworthlyc1440 solidatively?1541 hardfast1548 secure1578 sickera1586 solidly?1611 tighta1625 securely1642 steevely1790 inexcussably1816 tightly1866 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > harshness or severity > [adverb] sternlyc897 sharplyc900 stitha1000 hardlyOE starklyOE sterna1175 stithlya1300 hardilyc1300 ruggedlya1382 austerely?a1400 smartlya1400 unsternlya1400 acerbly?a1425 brussly1481 sore1484 shrewdly1490 dourlya1500 severely1548 roundly1567 severe1599 strictly1602 fiercely1611 Draconically1641 rugged1661 a1000 Cædmon's Gen. (Gr.) xlii. 30 And hu stiðe se land~hlaford spræc wið hig. a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1006 Forþan þe hi hæfdon ælce scire on West Sexum stiðe ge marcod mid bryne. 1325 Metr. Hom. (1862) 4 Hou thai mai..stithe stand igain the fend. c1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 3173 He says..Þat ay þe styther þat ilk man here Gyves his lykyng..Til veniel syns,..Þe langer sal he pyned be In purgatory. a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 68 Bote er aȝeyn þe [sc. God] stiþ y stod, er ant late, loude ant stille. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 631 Hure strokes fulle so styþ & sare þay schulde so doþ þe þonder. Compounds In Layamon prefixed to adjectives of participial form, forming compounds equivalent to parasynthetic derivatives of stith adj. stith-bewalled adj. strongly walled. ΚΠ c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15322 Eorð-hus heo hureden stið biwaled on eorðen. stith-imained adj. having a strong force. ΚΠ c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12886 And forð he gon steppen stið imainede eorl. stith-imoded adj. [compare Old English stíðmód] stout-hearted. ΚΠ c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12987 Arður gon stepe vorð stið-imoded kempe. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.c1300adj.c897v.c1480adv.a1000 |
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