stiffnessn.

/ˈstɪfnɪs/

Etymology: < stiff adj. + -ness suffix.

The state or quality of being stiff (in any sense).

a. Rigidity, inflexibility; viscosity (of liquids and semi-liquids); density, heaviness, compactness (of soil). Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > types of hardness > [noun] > stiffness or rigidity

stefhede1340

stiffnessa1398

stefnes?1527

rigour1578

unpliableness1595

rigidity1607

inflexibility1611

unpliancy1657

anchylosis1852

the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > [noun]

fastness?a1200

spissitudec1440

solidiousness1495

grossness1527

massiveness1530

substantialness1530

substantiality1535

crassness1545

massiness1559

stiffness1577

spissness1598

solidness1600

density1603

solidity1603

crassitude1604

condensity1611

thightness1615

compactedness1644

compactness1646

body1647

crassities1659

denseness1669

tightnessa1728

corporeity1750

substantiability1816

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > soil qualities > [noun] > denseness

stiffness1577

the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > state of being thick enough to retain form > [noun] > process or fact of becoming stiff or hard

stiffness1639

setting1791

set1837

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. clxxv. 1067 Sometyme a croked ȝerde is ydo in þe fuyre and by hete of þe fuyre styffenesse and hardnesse þerof is tempered and made neisshe, and so þe ȝerde is þe more esilyche streight.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 475/1 Styfnesse, or starkenesse, rigiditas, rigor.

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 24^v Some grounde requireth more seede then other, as the grounde is of stiffenesse or lightnesse.

1639 O. Wood Alphabet. Bk. Physicall Secrets 169 Incorporate all these in a morter with a pestle with oyle of white Rose, and Virgins waxe thin scraped to the stifnesse of a plaister.

1642 T. Fuller Holy State iii. xx. 206 The stiffnesse of the judgement is abated, and suppled with charity.

a1731 G. Waldron Descr. Isle of Man 167 in Compl. Wks. (1731) A Woman..was saved by the Stiffness of her Hoop Petticoat, which kept her above Water.

1869 W. J. M. Rankine Cycl. Machine & Hand-tools 531 In all cases in which precision of movement is required, stiffness is essential both to the moving pieces and to the framework of a machine.

b. spec. (a) the force required to produce unit deflection or displacement of an object; (b) the maximum deflection of a beam divided by its span or length.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > strength > [noun]

strengthOE

stiffness1723

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > stress or force exerted and tending to deform > [noun] > force required to produce unit deflection

stiffness1723

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > stress or force exerted and tending to deform > [noun] > alteration of form or dimensions caused by stress > alteration of form > maximum deflection divided by length

stiffness1893

the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > [noun] > muscular tension

contraction1615

tonicity1824

myonicity1866

tonus1876

inotropism1902

ionotropy1976

stiffness1978

1723 J. Clarke tr. Rohault's Syst. Nat. Philos. I. i. xxii. 133 The Property which is called Stiffness, and which Workmen call the Power of Springing.

1824 T. Tredgold Pract. Ess. Strength of Cast Iron 202 The stiffness of a body is its resistance at a given deflexion.

1893 H. T. Bovey Theory of Structures iii. 190 dP₁/dl = EA/L, and EA/L is consequently a measure of the longitudinal stiffness of a bar.

1893 H. T. Bovey Theory of Structures vi. 389 If D is the maximum deflection of a girder of span l under a load W, then W/D, or more usually D/l, is a measure of the stiffness of the girder.

1922 R. Glazebrook Dict. Appl. Physics I. 808/2 The stiffness of a beam is usually measured by the maximum deflection, when loaded, divided by the span.

1925 J. Case Strength of Materials xxiv. 386 The ‘stiffness’ of a spring is the load required to produce unit deflection.

1969 C. O. Raspor in W. R. R. Park Plastics Film Technol. iv. 88 The tensile modulus is often used as a measure of film stiffness. This quantity is obtained by calculating the ratio of a stress to strain at a certain point on a tensile stress–strain curve.

1978 Sci. Amer. Dec. 116 (caption) Stiffness of an isolated muscle (the change in the force developed by the muscle when it is stretched, divided by its change in length) increases as the muscle is stretched.

c. Nautical. (See quots.)

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel with reference to qualities or attributes > [noun] > qualities of vessel > seaworthiness or stability

seaworthiness1813

stiffness1877

sea-keeping1963

1877 W. H. White Man. Naval Archit. iii. 65 This method may be used in estimating the ‘stiffness’ of a ship, i.e. her power to resist inclination from the upright by the steady pressure of the wind on her sails.

1913 E. L. Attwood Mod. Warship 67 The metacentric height is a measure of the stiffness of the ship.

2. Lack of suppleness (in limbs, muscles, etc.); the name of certain diseases causing rigor of muscles, esp. tetanus. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > loose or stiff condition > [noun]

starknessOE

lithenessa1464

mobility1528

leathwakeness1548

stiffness1552

supplement1583

suppleness1603

spring1641

limber1786

lubricity1809

limberness1835

lissomness1857

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders affecting muscles > [noun] > stiffness or rigidity

unbuxomheada1325

stiffness1552

contracture1658

paratonia1848

arthrogryposis1857

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Stifnes of sinowes, that the membres ne may be bowed, tetanicus morbus, tetanos.

1581 R. Mulcaster Positions vi. 47 Where ioyntes be to bend,..there must needes be motion: or els stifnesse will follow.

1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica Dict. at Calambre Stifnesse of the sinewes, the crampe, Neruorum rigor, spasmus.

1641 J. Tatham Distracted State (1651) iv. i. 20 Whose knee dares own a stiffeness? whose Obeysance To Adulanter dare be wanting?

1791 E. Burke Corr. (1844) III. 365 Your mother is, bating occasional stiffness, very well.

1862 W. Hunter Biggar & House of Fleming iv. 45 The cattle are often attacked with a disease called the ‘stiffness’ or ‘cripple’.

†3. Strength, sturdiness, stoutness; violence. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > bodily strength > [noun] > quality of being strong

strongnesseOE

craftOE

strengthOE

stiffness1399

stoutnessc1440

fortitude1553

mightinessa1586

nervosity1611

brawninessa1680

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [noun]

brathc1175

reighshipc1275

airc1300

ragec1330

sturdinessc1384

violencea1387

fierceness1435

vehemencyc1487

furiosity1509

fiercetya1513

bremeness?1529

boistousness1530

vehemence1535

bruteness1538

violency1538

violentness1544

vehementness1561

wrath1579

fury1585

torture1605

keenness?1606

ragingness1621

stiffness1623

rapt1632

tempestuousness1648

boisterousnessa1650

rampancy1652

boisture1667

untamedness1727

paroxysm1893

storminess1894

1399 W. Langland Richard Redeles iii. 251 Iche rewme..Sholde stable and stonde..By styffnesse and strengthe Of steeris well y-yokyd.

c1460 Promptorium Parvulorum (Winch.) 436 Styfnesse, or strength, fortitudo, robur.

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. iv. sig. D5 And him against Sir Blandamour did ride With all the strength and stifnesse that he can.

1623 J. Bingham tr. Lipsius Compar. Rom. Manner Warre in tr. Xenophon Hist. V 3 They throw stones..with such stiffenesse and strength, that the blow seemeth to come from some Engine.

4. Inflexibility in purpose, opinion, or course of action; resolution, firmness; obstinacy; haughtiness.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pride > haughtiness or disdainfulness > [noun]

highnesseOE

orgelnessOE

orgelOE

orgula1200

hautainesse1297

deignoushedec1330

daina1400

hautesse1399

hautainetya1450

orgulitya1470

courage1484

haughtness1489

stateliness1509

stomacha1513

heighta1525

stiffness1526

fastidie1536

disdainfulness1548

loftiness1548

fastidiousness?1555

haughtiness1555

high-mindedness1571

squeamishness1580

hichtiness1596

morguec1598

signory1598

superciliosity1606

overliness1610

superciliousness1622

excelsity1623

hauteura1628

cavalierism1643

supercilium1657

condescendency1667

supercile1679

uncondescension1681

superbness1682

fastidiosity1704

condescension1752

aristocratism1792

aristocracy1822

patricianism1826

touch-me-not-ishness1836

cavalierishness1860

patronization1944

the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [noun]

obstination?1387

pertinacyc1390

obstinacya1393

thronessa1400

stubbornnessc1440

obstinance?a1475

durenessc1480

pertinacity?1504

stomacha1513

stiffness1526

tenacity1526

persistence1546

obstacleness1548

obstinateness1561

stiffneckedness1570

self-mindedness1574

intractability1579

persistency1600

obstinancy1614

contumacy1619

stomachfulness1621

tenaciousness1642

pertinaciousness1651

irresignation1657

peremptoriness1747

mulishness1763

strongheadedness1793

dourness1794

unmovableness1818

stoutheartedness1826

bullet-headednessa1849

stalwartism1879

camelishness1883

thick and thin1884

stupidity1886

jusqu'auboutisme1917

die-hardism1922

obstinative-

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. aiii Styfnesse of mynde or obstinacy they haue, whiche frowardly wyll defende their errour.

1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper ii. 161 Such as did seeke the Glory of Martyrs..out of stiffenesse of spirit.

1673 R. Leigh Transproser Rehears'd 39 There has been a party of 'em in England..of such a pontifical stiffness, as if they were companions for none but princes.

a1677 I. Barrow Wks. (1683) II. 49 Where may we discern..that stoutness of courage, and stiffness of patience which you talk of as the..issues of faith?

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iv. xvi. 335 And yet these of all Men hold their Opinions with the greatest stiffness.

1741 C. Middleton Hist. Life Cicero (1742) II. vi. 52 The other chiefs of the Aristocracy..whose stiffness had ruined their cause.

1887 H. R. Haggard Allan Quatermain xxi. 292 The..forces give on every side, there is no stiffness left in them.

5. Formality; constraint; lack of ease or grace; coldness, aloofness (of manners and deportment); artificiality, excessive regularity, pedantry (of style).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > ornateness > [noun] > laboured or pedantic quality

periergia1550

pedantism1592

stiffness1638

pedantry1841

non-naturalism1895

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > discourtesy > [noun] > lack of affability

strangenessc1386

unhomelinessc1440

fremdnessa1500

coldness1557

coolnessa1586

self-guarda1586

diskindness1596

formality1599

reservedness1606

inaffability1611

restrainta1616

unconess1637

chillness1639

froideur1645

distance1660

starchedness1670

buckram1682

starchness?1693

starch1694

reserve1711

stiffness1717

unapproachableness1727

retirement1803

angularity1824

standoffishness1826

distancy1836

chill1837

starchiness1844

unapproachability1846

hedgehogginess1858

standoff1865

offishness1867

aloofness1878

pokerishness1880

untouchableness1909

untouchability1919

stuffiness1926

1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 27 All the statues before Dædalus his time, have had a most unpleasant stifnesse.

1713 H. Felton Diss. Reading Classics 97 Provided he..doth not make himself a Slave to his Rules, for that will introduce a Stiffness and Affectation, which are utterly abhorrent from all good Writing.

1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 18 Apr. (1965) I. 350 An Air so majestic yet free from Stiffness or affectation.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. x. 412 There is a stiffness and minuteness in most of the Chinese productions.

1765 Ann. Reg. ii. 56 The king,..laying aside all the stiffness of state,..enjoys himself with a few select friends.

1789 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music III. 330 The two parts in one..discover no restraint or stiffness in the melody, which continues to move with the same freedom, as if no canon had existence.

1836 J. Grant Random Recoll. House of Lords xiii. 299 Before he had spoken two or three sentences, it must have been apparent..that he had not yet got rid of the formality and stiffness of school.

1907 J. A. Hodges Elem. Photogr. (ed. 6) 118 Introducing an unnatural stiffness into the portrait.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	stiffness
释义	stiffnessn. /ˈstɪfnɪs/ Etymology: < stiff adj. + -ness suffix. The state or quality of being stiff (in any sense). 1. a. Rigidity, inflexibility; viscosity (of liquids and semi-liquids); density, heaviness, compactness (of soil). Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > types of hardness > [noun] > stiffness or rigidity stefhede1340 stiffnessa1398 stefnes?1527 rigour1578 unpliableness1595 rigidity1607 inflexibility1611 unpliancy1657 anchylosis1852 the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > [noun] fastness?a1200 spissitudec1440 solidiousness1495 grossness1527 massiveness1530 substantialness1530 substantiality1535 crassness1545 massiness1559 stiffness1577 spissness1598 solidness1600 density1603 solidity1603 crassitude1604 condensity1611 thightness1615 compactedness1644 compactness1646 body1647 crassities1659 denseness1669 tightnessa1728 corporeity1750 substantiability1816 the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > soil qualities > [noun] > denseness stiffness1577 the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > state of being thick enough to retain form > [noun] > process or fact of becoming stiff or hard stiffness1639 setting1791 set1837 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. clxxv. 1067 Sometyme a croked ȝerde is ydo in þe fuyre and by hete of þe fuyre styffenesse and hardnesse þerof is tempered and made neisshe, and so þe ȝerde is þe more esilyche streight. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 475/1 Styfnesse, or starkenesse, rigiditas, rigor. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 24^v Some grounde requireth more seede then other, as the grounde is of stiffenesse or lightnesse. 1639 O. Wood Alphabet. Bk. Physicall Secrets 169 Incorporate all these in a morter with a pestle with oyle of white Rose, and Virgins waxe thin scraped to the stifnesse of a plaister. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State iii. xx. 206 The stiffnesse of the judgement is abated, and suppled with charity. a1731 G. Waldron Descr. Isle of Man 167 in Compl. Wks. (1731) A Woman..was saved by the Stiffness of her Hoop Petticoat, which kept her above Water. 1869 W. J. M. Rankine Cycl. Machine & Hand-tools 531 In all cases in which precision of movement is required, stiffness is essential both to the moving pieces and to the framework of a machine. b. spec. (a) the force required to produce unit deflection or displacement of an object; (b) the maximum deflection of a beam divided by its span or length. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > strength > [noun] strengthOE stiffness1723 the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > stress or force exerted and tending to deform > [noun] > force required to produce unit deflection stiffness1723 the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > stress or force exerted and tending to deform > [noun] > alteration of form or dimensions caused by stress > alteration of form > maximum deflection divided by length stiffness1893 the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > [noun] > muscular tension contraction1615 tonicity1824 myonicity1866 tonus1876 inotropism1902 ionotropy1976 stiffness1978 1723 J. Clarke tr. Rohault's Syst. Nat. Philos. I. i. xxii. 133 The Property which is called Stiffness, and which Workmen call the Power of Springing. 1824 T. Tredgold Pract. Ess. Strength of Cast Iron 202 The stiffness of a body is its resistance at a given deflexion. 1893 H. T. Bovey Theory of Structures iii. 190 dP₁/dl = EA/L, and EA/L is consequently a measure of the longitudinal stiffness of a bar. 1893 H. T. Bovey Theory of Structures vi. 389 If D is the maximum deflection of a girder of span l under a load W, then W/D, or more usually D/l, is a measure of the stiffness of the girder. 1922 R. Glazebrook Dict. Appl. Physics I. 808/2 The stiffness of a beam is usually measured by the maximum deflection, when loaded, divided by the span. 1925 J. Case Strength of Materials xxiv. 386 The ‘stiffness’ of a spring is the load required to produce unit deflection. 1969 C. O. Raspor in W. R. R. Park Plastics Film Technol. iv. 88 The tensile modulus is often used as a measure of film stiffness. This quantity is obtained by calculating the ratio of a stress to strain at a certain point on a tensile stress–strain curve. 1978 Sci. Amer. Dec. 116 (caption) Stiffness of an isolated muscle (the change in the force developed by the muscle when it is stretched, divided by its change in length) increases as the muscle is stretched. c. Nautical. (See quots.) ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel with reference to qualities or attributes > [noun] > qualities of vessel > seaworthiness or stability seaworthiness1813 stiffness1877 sea-keeping1963 1877 W. H. White Man. Naval Archit. iii. 65 This method may be used in estimating the ‘stiffness’ of a ship, i.e. her power to resist inclination from the upright by the steady pressure of the wind on her sails. 1913 E. L. Attwood Mod. Warship 67 The metacentric height is a measure of the stiffness of the ship. 2. Lack of suppleness (in limbs, muscles, etc.); the name of certain diseases causing rigor of muscles, esp. tetanus. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > loose or stiff condition > [noun] starknessOE lithenessa1464 mobility1528 leathwakeness1548 stiffness1552 supplement1583 suppleness1603 spring1641 limber1786 lubricity1809 limberness1835 lissomness1857 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders affecting muscles > [noun] > stiffness or rigidity unbuxomheada1325 stiffness1552 contracture1658 paratonia1848 arthrogryposis1857 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Stifnes of sinowes, that the membres ne may be bowed, tetanicus morbus, tetanos. 1581 R. Mulcaster Positions vi. 47 Where ioyntes be to bend,..there must needes be motion: or els stifnesse will follow. 1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica Dict. at Calambre Stifnesse of the sinewes, the crampe, Neruorum rigor, spasmus. 1641 J. Tatham Distracted State (1651) iv. i. 20 Whose knee dares own a stiffeness? whose Obeysance To Adulanter dare be wanting? 1791 E. Burke Corr. (1844) III. 365 Your mother is, bating occasional stiffness, very well. 1862 W. Hunter Biggar & House of Fleming iv. 45 The cattle are often attacked with a disease called the ‘stiffness’ or ‘cripple’. †3. Strength, sturdiness, stoutness; violence. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > bodily strength > [noun] > quality of being strong strongnesseOE craftOE strengthOE stiffness1399 stoutnessc1440 fortitude1553 mightinessa1586 nervosity1611 brawninessa1680 the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [noun] brathc1175 reighshipc1275 airc1300 ragec1330 sturdinessc1384 violencea1387 fierceness1435 vehemencyc1487 furiosity1509 fiercetya1513 bremeness?1529 boistousness1530 vehemence1535 bruteness1538 violency1538 violentness1544 vehementness1561 wrath1579 fury1585 torture1605 keenness?1606 ragingness1621 stiffness1623 rapt1632 tempestuousness1648 boisterousnessa1650 rampancy1652 boisture1667 untamedness1727 paroxysm1893 storminess1894 1399 W. Langland Richard Redeles iii. 251 Iche rewme..Sholde stable and stonde..By styffnesse and strengthe Of steeris well y-yokyd. c1460 Promptorium Parvulorum (Winch.) 436 Styfnesse, or strength, fortitudo, robur. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. iv. sig. D5 And him against Sir Blandamour did ride With all the strength and stifnesse that he can. View more context for this quotation 1623 J. Bingham tr. Lipsius Compar. Rom. Manner Warre in tr. Xenophon Hist. V 3 They throw stones..with such stiffenesse and strength, that the blow seemeth to come from some Engine. 4. Inflexibility in purpose, opinion, or course of action; resolution, firmness; obstinacy; haughtiness. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pride > haughtiness or disdainfulness > [noun] highnesseOE orgelnessOE orgelOE orgula1200 hautainesse1297 deignoushedec1330 daina1400 hautesse1399 hautainetya1450 orgulitya1470 courage1484 haughtness1489 stateliness1509 stomacha1513 heighta1525 stiffness1526 fastidie1536 disdainfulness1548 loftiness1548 fastidiousness?1555 haughtiness1555 high-mindedness1571 squeamishness1580 hichtiness1596 morguec1598 signory1598 superciliosity1606 overliness1610 superciliousness1622 excelsity1623 hauteura1628 cavalierism1643 supercilium1657 condescendency1667 supercile1679 uncondescension1681 superbness1682 fastidiosity1704 condescension1752 aristocratism1792 aristocracy1822 patricianism1826 touch-me-not-ishness1836 cavalierishness1860 patronization1944 the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [noun] obstination?1387 pertinacyc1390 obstinacya1393 thronessa1400 stubbornnessc1440 obstinance?a1475 durenessc1480 pertinacity?1504 stomacha1513 stiffness1526 tenacity1526 persistence1546 obstacleness1548 obstinateness1561 stiffneckedness1570 self-mindedness1574 intractability1579 persistency1600 obstinancy1614 contumacy1619 stomachfulness1621 tenaciousness1642 pertinaciousness1651 irresignation1657 peremptoriness1747 mulishness1763 strongheadedness1793 dourness1794 unmovableness1818 stoutheartedness1826 bullet-headednessa1849 stalwartism1879 camelishness1883 thick and thin1884 stupidity1886 jusqu'auboutisme1917 die-hardism1922 obstinative- 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. aiii Styfnesse of mynde or obstinacy they haue, whiche frowardly wyll defende their errour. 1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper ii. 161 Such as did seeke the Glory of Martyrs..out of stiffenesse of spirit. 1673 R. Leigh Transproser Rehears'd 39 There has been a party of 'em in England..of such a pontifical stiffness, as if they were companions for none but princes. a1677 I. Barrow Wks. (1683) II. 49 Where may we discern..that stoutness of courage, and stiffness of patience which you talk of as the..issues of faith? 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iv. xvi. 335 And yet these of all Men hold their Opinions with the greatest stiffness. 1741 C. Middleton Hist. Life Cicero (1742) II. vi. 52 The other chiefs of the Aristocracy..whose stiffness had ruined their cause. 1887 H. R. Haggard Allan Quatermain xxi. 292 The..forces give on every side, there is no stiffness left in them. 5. Formality; constraint; lack of ease or grace; coldness, aloofness (of manners and deportment); artificiality, excessive regularity, pedantry (of style). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > ornateness > [noun] > laboured or pedantic quality periergia1550 pedantism1592 stiffness1638 pedantry1841 non-naturalism1895 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > discourtesy > [noun] > lack of affability strangenessc1386 unhomelinessc1440 fremdnessa1500 coldness1557 coolnessa1586 self-guarda1586 diskindness1596 formality1599 reservedness1606 inaffability1611 restrainta1616 unconess1637 chillness1639 froideur1645 distance1660 starchedness1670 buckram1682 starchness?1693 starch1694 reserve1711 stiffness1717 unapproachableness1727 retirement1803 angularity1824 standoffishness1826 distancy1836 chill1837 starchiness1844 unapproachability1846 hedgehogginess1858 standoff1865 offishness1867 aloofness1878 pokerishness1880 untouchableness1909 untouchability1919 stuffiness1926 1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 27 All the statues before Dædalus his time, have had a most unpleasant stifnesse. 1713 H. Felton Diss. Reading Classics 97 Provided he..doth not make himself a Slave to his Rules, for that will introduce a Stiffness and Affectation, which are utterly abhorrent from all good Writing. 1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 18 Apr. (1965) I. 350 An Air so majestic yet free from Stiffness or affectation. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. x. 412 There is a stiffness and minuteness in most of the Chinese productions. 1765 Ann. Reg. ii. 56 The king,..laying aside all the stiffness of state,..enjoys himself with a few select friends. 1789 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music III. 330 The two parts in one..discover no restraint or stiffness in the melody, which continues to move with the same freedom, as if no canon had existence. 1836 J. Grant Random Recoll. House of Lords xiii. 299 Before he had spoken two or three sentences, it must have been apparent..that he had not yet got rid of the formality and stiffness of school. 1907 J. A. Hodges Elem. Photogr. (ed. 6) 118 Introducing an unnatural stiffness into the portrait. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.a1398
随便看	non-cyclic non-cyclical non-cyclically non-dairy non-dancer non-day non-dazzle non-dealer non-debate non-decision non-decreasing non-deductive non-defining non-degenerate non-degree non-delinquent non-deliquescent non-deliverance non-delivery non-demonstrative non-denaturing non-denominational non-denumerable non-denumerably non-deposition