stiffeningn.

/ˈstɪf(ə)nɪŋ/

Etymology: < stiffen v. + -ing suffix¹.

1. The action of the verb; the process of making or becoming stiff; concrete a stiffened substance.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > types of hardness > [noun] > stiffness or rigidity > becoming or making stiff

stiffening1614

rigescence1766

rigidification1890

rigidizing1945

1614 J. Taylor Nipping of Abuses sig. B3^v I cannot Item it [a tailor's bill]..For cutting, edging, stiffning and for lacing.

1653 Bp. J. Taylor Serm. I. iv. 44 Like the joynts of a bulrush, not bendings, but consolidations and stiffenings.

1799 Repertory of Arts 10 284 The fourth and last operation of hat-making; namely, stiffening.

1883 Pall Mall Gaz. 26 Oct. 12/1 The stiffening of the Egyptian army with a body of English volunteers.

1909 D. Fulton tr. P. Cohnheim Dis. Digest. Canal 8 It is especially important to recognize abnormally increased peristalsis, the so-called ‘stiffenings’ of the stomach, small intestine or colon.

a. Something that serves to stiffen.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > types of hardness > [noun] > stiffness or rigidity > becoming or making stiff > that which stiffens

stiffening1620

stiffener1842

1620 J. Taylor Praise of Hemp-seed 28 Being edgd with Items, stiffnings, facings, With bumbast, cottens, linenings, and with laceings.

1758 W. Borlase Nat. Hist. Cornwall 79 The solids were preadapted by the divine power to form the foundation, or the stiffnings (if I may so say) of the globe.

1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. III. 505 Lac is extensively used as a stiffening for hats.

b. An admixture of soldiers of better quality.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > group with special function or duty > [noun] > reinforcements

succour?c1225

over-numbera1450

supplies1488

supplement1548

re-enforce1618

recrew1619

recruit1635

reinforcement1641

enforcement1643

reinforce1648

sustainer1708

re-enforcement1718

supporter1796

stiffening1900

1900 Daily Mail 3 May 6/6 The column..consisted chiefly of Yeomanry, with a stiffening of Cape Police.

1915 J. Buchan Nelson's Hist. War VII. lix. 151 Only the German stiffening kept them [the Austrians] to their work.

c. Nautical. Heavy goods taken on board ship as ballast (see quot. 1894). Cf. stiffening-order n. at Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > other equipment of vessel > [noun] > ballast

lastage1440

ballast1486

ballasting1508

kentledge1625

water ballast1759

shifting ballast1785

pig of ballast1789

pig ballast1797

sandbag1834

stiffening1894

1894 H. Paasch From Keel to Truck (ed. 2) 463/1 Stiffening, is the term given to any weighty substances taken on board a vessel for the purpose of making her ‘Stiff’, i.e. less crank. Stiffening (whether consisting of ballast or a portion of the outward cargo) is put in vessels which do not remain upright without having sufficient weight in the bottom.

1902 B. Lubbock Round Horn 29 We are waiting now for our ‘stiffening’, as we dare not take our last 400 tons of coals out until we get a like weight of grain.

1924 R. Clements Gipsy of Horn vi. 115 We heard one morning that we were chartered, and proceeded to shift ship down to the coal-tips to take in our ‘stiffening’—just sufficient coal, that is, to ballast the ship.

1975 Islander (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 23 Feb. 6/3 The Pamir was taken in tow with a small amount of coal ballast aboard for stiffening.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

stiffening-brush n.

ΚΠ

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 386/1 A Felt makers Stiffning Brush.

stiffening-girder n.

ΚΠ

1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Stiffening-girder, a truss girder which distributes the weight of the platform and load upon the suspension-chain and prevents undulation.

stiffening-rib n.

ΚΠ

1869 W. J. M. Rankine Cycl. Machine & Hand-tools App. 26 The distance between the stiffening ribs measured on a slope of 45°.

C2.

stiffening-order n. (see quot. 1858).

ΚΠ

1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Stiffening-order, a permission granted by the Customs' to take on board heavy goods, by way of ballast, to steady the ship.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

stiffeningadj.

/ˈstɪf(ə)nɪŋ/

Etymology: < stiffen v. + -ing suffix².

That stiffens.

1. That becomes stiff or stiffer.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > types of hardness > [adjective] > stiff or rigid > becoming or making stiff or rigid

stiffening1706

rigescent1848

1706 N. Rowe Ulysses iv. i. 1722 It freezes every stiff'ning limb to Marble.

1843 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last of Barons I. i. iv. 64 The place where he had lain, damp and red with stiffening blood.

1863 W. E. Gladstone in J. Morley Life Gladstone (1903) II. v. vi. 97 Walked 24¾ miles. Found it rather too much for my stiffening limbs.

2. That makes stiff or stiffer.

ΚΠ

1898 Educ. Rev. XV. 456 The efforts..have usually resulted in a stiffening formalization.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2018).

单词	stiffening
释义	stiffeningn. /ˈstɪf(ə)nɪŋ/ Etymology: < stiffen v. + -ing suffix¹. 1. The action of the verb; the process of making or becoming stiff; concrete a stiffened substance. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > types of hardness > [noun] > stiffness or rigidity > becoming or making stiff stiffening1614 rigescence1766 rigidification1890 rigidizing1945 1614 J. Taylor Nipping of Abuses sig. B3^v I cannot Item it [a tailor's bill]..For cutting, edging, stiffning and for lacing. 1653 Bp. J. Taylor Serm. I. iv. 44 Like the joynts of a bulrush, not bendings, but consolidations and stiffenings. 1799 Repertory of Arts 10 284 The fourth and last operation of hat-making; namely, stiffening. 1883 Pall Mall Gaz. 26 Oct. 12/1 The stiffening of the Egyptian army with a body of English volunteers. 1909 D. Fulton tr. P. Cohnheim Dis. Digest. Canal 8 It is especially important to recognize abnormally increased peristalsis, the so-called ‘stiffenings’ of the stomach, small intestine or colon. 2. a. Something that serves to stiffen. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > types of hardness > [noun] > stiffness or rigidity > becoming or making stiff > that which stiffens stiffening1620 stiffener1842 1620 J. Taylor Praise of Hemp-seed 28 Being edgd with Items, stiffnings, facings, With bumbast, cottens, linenings, and with laceings. 1758 W. Borlase Nat. Hist. Cornwall 79 The solids were preadapted by the divine power to form the foundation, or the stiffnings (if I may so say) of the globe. 1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. III. 505 Lac is extensively used as a stiffening for hats. b. An admixture of soldiers of better quality. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > group with special function or duty > [noun] > reinforcements succour?c1225 over-numbera1450 supplies1488 supplement1548 re-enforce1618 recrew1619 recruit1635 reinforcement1641 enforcement1643 reinforce1648 sustainer1708 re-enforcement1718 supporter1796 stiffening1900 1900 Daily Mail 3 May 6/6 The column..consisted chiefly of Yeomanry, with a stiffening of Cape Police. 1915 J. Buchan Nelson's Hist. War VII. lix. 151 Only the German stiffening kept them [the Austrians] to their work. c. Nautical. Heavy goods taken on board ship as ballast (see quot. 1894). Cf. stiffening-order n. at Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > other equipment of vessel > [noun] > ballast lastage1440 ballast1486 ballasting1508 kentledge1625 water ballast1759 shifting ballast1785 pig of ballast1789 pig ballast1797 sandbag1834 stiffening1894 1894 H. Paasch From Keel to Truck (ed. 2) 463/1 Stiffening, is the term given to any weighty substances taken on board a vessel for the purpose of making her ‘Stiff’, i.e. less crank. Stiffening (whether consisting of ballast or a portion of the outward cargo) is put in vessels which do not remain upright without having sufficient weight in the bottom. 1902 B. Lubbock Round Horn 29 We are waiting now for our ‘stiffening’, as we dare not take our last 400 tons of coals out until we get a like weight of grain. 1924 R. Clements Gipsy of Horn vi. 115 We heard one morning that we were chartered, and proceeded to shift ship down to the coal-tips to take in our ‘stiffening’—just sufficient coal, that is, to ballast the ship. 1975 Islander (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 23 Feb. 6/3 The Pamir was taken in tow with a small amount of coal ballast aboard for stiffening. Compounds C1. General attributive. stiffening-brush n. ΚΠ 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 386/1 A Felt makers Stiffning Brush. stiffening-girder n. ΚΠ 1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Stiffening-girder, a truss girder which distributes the weight of the platform and load upon the suspension-chain and prevents undulation. stiffening-rib n. ΚΠ 1869 W. J. M. Rankine Cycl. Machine & Hand-tools App. 26 The distance between the stiffening ribs measured on a slope of 45°. C2. stiffening-order n. (see quot. 1858). ΚΠ 1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Stiffening-order, a permission granted by the Customs' to take on board heavy goods, by way of ballast, to steady the ship. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online June 2022). stiffeningadj. /ˈstɪf(ə)nɪŋ/ Etymology: < stiffen v. + -ing suffix². That stiffens. 1. That becomes stiff or stiffer. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > types of hardness > [adjective] > stiff or rigid > becoming or making stiff or rigid stiffening1706 rigescent1848 1706 N. Rowe Ulysses iv. i. 1722 It freezes every stiff'ning limb to Marble. 1843 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last of Barons I. i. iv. 64 The place where he had lain, damp and red with stiffening blood. 1863 W. E. Gladstone in J. Morley Life Gladstone (1903) II. v. vi. 97 Walked 24¾ miles. Found it rather too much for my stiffening limbs. 2. That makes stiff or stiffer. ΚΠ 1898 Educ. Rev. XV. 456 The efforts..have usually resulted in a stiffening formalization. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2018). < n.1614adj.1706
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