steelbown.²

/ˈstiːlbəʊ/

Forms: Middle English–1500s steil-, 1500s stele-, 1600s steelbow.

Etymology: < steel n.¹ + bow n.⁴It corresponds to the French cheptel de fer (see Littré), lit. ‘iron farm-stock’, and to early modern German stählin vieh, eisern vieh (in German Law Latin pecora chalybea, ferrea), and obsolete Danish jernfæ. These terms denote the quantity of live stock which a farming tenant receives from his landlord on entering, under a contract to restore the same quantity and value at the end of his tenancy. This is precisely the sense of steelbow, except that the Scots term seems to have been extended to apply to dead as well as live stock. The French cheptel de fer is also used, like steelbow, for the species of tenure or contract under which cattle are so held by a tenant. In early modern German there were other legal terms containing the adjectives stählin ‘made of steel’, eisern ‘made of iron’, in the figurative sense ‘rigidly fixed in amount’: e.g. stähline gült, a fixed regular payment or income: stähline pfründe, a church living subject to no deductions. The figure of speech doubtless comes down from very early Germanic legal formulae; but evidence is wanting. See Schilter Glossarium, s.v. Stal; also Grimm Deutsche Rechtsaltertümer (ed. 4, 1899) II. 131.

Scots Law. Obsolete exc. Historical.

1. A quantity of farming stock, which a tenant received from his landlord on entering, and which he was bound to render up undiminished at the close of his tenancy. Also attributive, as steelbow goods.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > [noun] > farm-stock

stock1519

steelbow1532

strength1594

farm stock1680

stockinga1732

farming stock1749

dead stock1836

1532 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. I. 162* Havand in his possessioune ane hundreth punds worth of gudis, steilbow and ferm of þat ȝere alanerlie except.

1565 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 410 The cornis cattell and gudis being upoun the landis of Baddinhaith, steilbow and utheris.

1566 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 431/1 Prius dicti monast. bonis lie steilbow-gudis occupatas.

1640 in Black Bk. Taymouth (Bannatyne Club) 351 Thair is presentlie on the landis..of steilbow corne, sexteine chalders small aittis; and of steilbow beir, fyve chalders; and of strenth silver and steilbow horss on the forsaids lands [etc.].

1754 J. Erskine Princ. Law Scotl. I. ii. vi. 168 Steelbow-goods, i.e. corns, straw, cattle, or instruments of tillage, delivered by a master to the tenant upon his entry.

2. The kind of tenancy or contract by which farming stock is hired on the condition that the tenant renders up on the expiration of his tenancy the same quantity and value that he received; esp. in phrase in steelbow. Also attributive, as steelbow lease, steelbow rent, steelbow tenant, steelbow tenancy.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > [noun] > types of farm tenure

steelbow1434

rundale1474

runrig1525

crofting1851

mock1862

métayage1877

1434 in J. Stuart & G. Burnett Exchequer Rolls Scotl. (1880) IV. 596 Pro herbagio 96 vaccarum domini regis, locatarum in steilbow infra domin[i]um de Stewartoun.

1507 in M. Livingstone Reg. Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1908) I. 221/1 His ground and Manys of Dunbar, quhilk the said reverend fader had in tak and stelebow of his hienes.

1733 in W. R. Mackintosh Glimpses of Kirkwall (1887) 126 And beside there is a steilbow upon the lands of Yairsay of horses, oats, and bear.

1805 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. II. 443 The rent was frequently paid in kind, or in what was called half-labour, by the steel-bow tenants, like the metayers of France.

1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm III. 1321 In such a case the straw and dung are said to be held in steelbow.

1911 A. W. Renton in Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 104/2 Up to 1848 or 1850 there existed in Scotland ‘Steelbow’ leases..the tenant..paying in addition to the ordinary rent a steel~bow rent of 5% on the value of the stock.

Derivatives

steelbowed adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > ophthalmology or optometry > aids to defective vision > [adjective] > types of spectacles

steel-rimmeda1400

steelbowed1606

young1667

near-sighted1796

trifocal1826

steel-bow1834

pantoscopic1836

window glass1885

bifocal1888

horn-rimmed1894

pebbled1928

thick-lensed1946

single-vision1962

wire-rim1968

wire-frame1977

Lennon1984

the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > tenure and rights > [adjective] > relating to tenured land

rundaled1592

steelbowed1606

runrigged1683

runrig1751

society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > a legal holding > [adjective] > held by type of farm tenure

rundaled1592

rundale1605

steelbowed1606

runrigged1683

runrig1751

run-ridge1768

1606 W. Birnie Blame of Kirk-buriall Ded. sig. B2 For as..Gods Altar-mens trauels in his own trueth, ought to be steil-bowed.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	steelbow
释义	steelbown.² /ˈstiːlbəʊ/ Forms: Middle English–1500s steil-, 1500s stele-, 1600s steelbow. Etymology: < steel n.¹ + bow n.⁴It corresponds to the French cheptel de fer (see Littré), lit. ‘iron farm-stock’, and to early modern German stählin vieh, eisern vieh (in German Law Latin pecora chalybea, ferrea), and obsolete Danish jernfæ. These terms denote the quantity of live stock which a farming tenant receives from his landlord on entering, under a contract to restore the same quantity and value at the end of his tenancy. This is precisely the sense of steelbow, except that the Scots term seems to have been extended to apply to dead as well as live stock. The French cheptel de fer is also used, like steelbow, for the species of tenure or contract under which cattle are so held by a tenant. In early modern German there were other legal terms containing the adjectives stählin ‘made of steel’, eisern ‘made of iron’, in the figurative sense ‘rigidly fixed in amount’: e.g. stähline gült, a fixed regular payment or income: stähline pfründe, a church living subject to no deductions. The figure of speech doubtless comes down from very early Germanic legal formulae; but evidence is wanting. See Schilter Glossarium, s.v. Stal; also Grimm Deutsche Rechtsaltertümer (ed. 4, 1899) II. 131. Scots Law. Obsolete exc. Historical. 1. A quantity of farming stock, which a tenant received from his landlord on entering, and which he was bound to render up undiminished at the close of his tenancy. Also attributive, as steelbow goods. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > [noun] > farm-stock stock1519 steelbow1532 strength1594 farm stock1680 stockinga1732 farming stock1749 dead stock1836 1532 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. I. 162* Havand in his possessioune ane hundreth punds worth of gudis, steilbow and ferm of þat ȝere alanerlie except. 1565 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 410 The cornis cattell and gudis being upoun the landis of Baddinhaith, steilbow and utheris. 1566 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 431/1 Prius dicti monast. bonis lie steilbow-gudis occupatas. 1640 in Black Bk. Taymouth (Bannatyne Club) 351 Thair is presentlie on the landis..of steilbow corne, sexteine chalders small aittis; and of steilbow beir, fyve chalders; and of strenth silver and steilbow horss on the forsaids lands [etc.]. 1754 J. Erskine Princ. Law Scotl. I. ii. vi. 168 Steelbow-goods, i.e. corns, straw, cattle, or instruments of tillage, delivered by a master to the tenant upon his entry. 2. The kind of tenancy or contract by which farming stock is hired on the condition that the tenant renders up on the expiration of his tenancy the same quantity and value that he received; esp. in phrase in steelbow. Also attributive, as steelbow lease, steelbow rent, steelbow tenant, steelbow tenancy. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > [noun] > types of farm tenure steelbow1434 rundale1474 runrig1525 crofting1851 mock1862 métayage1877 1434 in J. Stuart & G. Burnett Exchequer Rolls Scotl. (1880) IV. 596 Pro herbagio 96 vaccarum domini regis, locatarum in steilbow infra domin[i]um de Stewartoun. 1507 in M. Livingstone Reg. Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1908) I. 221/1 His ground and Manys of Dunbar, quhilk the said reverend fader had in tak and stelebow of his hienes. 1733 in W. R. Mackintosh Glimpses of Kirkwall (1887) 126 And beside there is a steilbow upon the lands of Yairsay of horses, oats, and bear. 1805 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. II. 443 The rent was frequently paid in kind, or in what was called half-labour, by the steel-bow tenants, like the metayers of France. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm III. 1321 In such a case the straw and dung are said to be held in steelbow. 1911 A. W. Renton in Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 104/2 Up to 1848 or 1850 there existed in Scotland ‘Steelbow’ leases..the tenant..paying in addition to the ordinary rent a steel~bow rent of 5% on the value of the stock. Derivatives steelbowed adj. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > ophthalmology or optometry > aids to defective vision > [adjective] > types of spectacles steel-rimmeda1400 steelbowed1606 young1667 near-sighted1796 trifocal1826 steel-bow1834 pantoscopic1836 window glass1885 bifocal1888 horn-rimmed1894 pebbled1928 thick-lensed1946 single-vision1962 wire-rim1968 wire-frame1977 Lennon1984 the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > tenure and rights > [adjective] > relating to tenured land rundaled1592 steelbowed1606 runrigged1683 runrig1751 society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > a legal holding > [adjective] > held by type of farm tenure rundaled1592 rundale1605 steelbowed1606 runrigged1683 runrig1751 run-ridge1768 1606 W. Birnie Blame of Kirk-buriall Ded. sig. B2 For as..Gods Altar-mens trauels in his own trueth, ought to be steil-bowed. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2022). > as lemmas steel-bow steel-bow adj. (also steel-bowed) U.S. (of spectacles) having steel frames. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > ophthalmology or optometry > aids to defective vision > [adjective] > types of spectacles steel-rimmeda1400 steelbowed1606 young1667 near-sighted1796 trifocal1826 steel-bow1834 pantoscopic1836 window glass1885 bifocal1888 horn-rimmed1894 pebbled1928 thick-lensed1946 single-vision1962 wire-rim1968 wire-frame1977 Lennon1984 1834 in Proc. Mass. Hist. Soc. (1924) LVII. 258 Appears to be a pleasant fellow, with frightful whiskers and steel bow spectacles. 1932 L. C. Douglas Forgive us our Trespasses i. 1 The steel-bowed spectacles that had been her mother's, had of a notion peddler for two dozen eggs & a pound of butter. 1950 W. Faulkner Lo in Coll. Stories iii. 390 From the pocket of his dressing gown he took a pair of steel-bowed spectacles. extracted from steeln.¹ < n.²1434 as lemmas
随便看	lark's-heel lark's-heels lark-awakened lark-catcher lark-crested lark-footed lark-heel lark-heeled lark-heeled cuckoo lark-heels lark-like lark-plover lark-spurred lark-worm larkawakened larkcatcher larkcrested larked larker larkers larkfooted larkheel larkheeled larkheeled cuckoo larkier

steelbown.2

Derivatives

> as lemmas

steelbown.²