addictionn.

Brit.

/əˈdɪkʃn/, U.S.

/əˈdɪkʃ(ə)n/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin addictiōn-, addictiō.

Etymology: < classical Latin addictiōn-, addictiō assignment (of disputed property), assigning of a debtor to the custody of his creditor < addict- , past participial stem of addīcere (see addict adj.) + -iō -ion suffix¹. With sense 1b compare earlier addicted adj. 2b. With sense 4 compare earlier addict v. Compare earlier addict adj.

a. The state or condition of being dedicated or devoted to a thing, esp. an activity or occupation; adherence or attachment, esp. of an immoderate or compulsive kind.In later use frequently influenced by sense 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > love > [noun] > great love or devotion

zealc1450

devotiona1530

addiction?1532

superstition1637

addictedness1641

the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > [noun] > accustomedness > addictedness

addiction?1532

addictedness1641

addictiveness1827

?1532 Glasse of Truthe sig. B3 An ouermoche addiction to priuate appetites, mixed with to moche heedinesse and obstinacy.

1641 ‘Smectymnuus’ Vindic. Answer Hvmble Remonstr. ii. 43 The peoples..more willing addiction to hearing.

1675 E. Phillips in C. M. Ingleby & L. T. Smith Shakespeare's Cent. Prayse (1879) 360 His own proper Industry and Addiction to Books.

1716 A. Pope in tr. Homer Iliad II. vi. Observ. 510 He gives Paris several polite Accomplishments... He makes him have a Taste and Addiction to curious Works of all sorts, which caus'd him to transport Sidonian Artists to Troy.

1792 R. Bage Man as he Is I. i. 6 A strong addiction to science had hitherto been his guard against libertinism, without having weakened the social affections.

1858 W. E. Gladstone Stud. Homer I. 237 Their addiction to agricultural pursuits.

1859 J. S. Mill On Liberty 146 A man who causes grief to his family by addiction to bad habits.

1941 ‘G. Orwell’ Lion & Unicorn 15 What it does link up with..is the addiction to hobbies and spare-time occupations, the privateness of English life.

1995 G. Vidal Palimpsest 328 My boredom with athletics and addiction to reading and writing.

b. Immoderate or compulsive consumption of a drug or other substance; spec. a condition characterized by regular or poorly controlled use of a psychoactive substance despite adverse physical, psychological, or social consequences, often with the development of physiological tolerance and withdrawal symptoms; an instance of this. Frequently with to (the addictive substance), or with distinguishing word. Cf. addicted adj. 2b and drug addiction n. at drug n.¹ Compounds 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > drug addiction or craving > [noun]

addiction1779

addictedness1788

narcomania1865

yen1876

drug addiction1881

yen-yen1886

drug abuse1903

oil burner1962

Jones1968

1716 W. Pittis in W. Pittis Dr. Radcliffe's Life & Lett. (ed. 3) 28 The Doctor..made a Forfeit of them, by his too great Addiction to the Bottle, after a very uncourtly manner.]

1779 S. Johnson J. Philips in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets IV. 10 His addiction to tobacco is mentioned by one of his biographers.

1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. iii. 58 Davy Wilson,..commonly called Snuffy Davy, from his inveterate addiction to black rappee.

1832 London Med. Gaz. 14 Jan. 556/2 Taken with caution, however largely taken, opium is no more injurious to longevity than addiction to ardent spirits is.

1881 Med. & Surg. Reporter 11 June 650/1 A clerk, aged forty-two years, a widower, no family history of alcoholism, drug addiction, insanity, marked nervous disease, or syphilis.

1906 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 3 Mar. 643/2 It matters little whether one speaks of the opium habit, the opium disease or the opium addiction.

1951 A. Grollman Pharmacol. & Therapeutics iv. 97 Addiction refers to that condition induced by a drug which necessitates the continuation of the drug and without which physical and mental derangements result.

1975 Nature 18 Sept. 188/2 Most people consider opiate addiction to comprise three major elements: tolerance, physical dependence, and compulsive craving.

1989 R. Bell Special Calling xii. 219 Many of our Donwood patients were addicted not only to alcohol, but to other chemical substances at the same time, and we needed new programs to deal with these cross addictions.

2001 J. Diamond C: Because Cowards get Cancer Too (new ed.) ix. 177 The dangers of Valium addiction were occasioning long articles in the Sunday papers.

†2. Predilection, inclination; an instance of this, a ‘penchant’. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > [noun]

kinda1200

disposingc1380

disposition1393

aptc1400

hieldc1400

remotiona1425

inclination?a1439

incliningc1450

taste1477

intendment1509

benta1535

swing1538

approclivity1546

aptness1548

swinge1548

drift1549

set1567

addiction1570

disposedness1583

swaya1586

leaning1587

intention1594

inflection1597

inclinableness1608

appetite1626

vogue1626

tendency1628

tendence1632

aptitude1633

gravitation1644

propension1644

biasing1645

conducement1646

flexure1652

propendency1660

tend1663

vergencya1665

pend1674

to have a way of1748

polarity1767

appetency1802

drive1885

overleaning1896

1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. v. 688/1 Simplicitie pure from all addiction and partialitie to bee vttered.

1602 J. Marston Hist. Antonio & Mellida v. sig. I When I see one were a perewig, I dreade his haire... One tricke in euery thing makes me mistrust imperfection in all parts; and there's the full point of my addiction.

1630 Shakespeare's Othello ii. ii. 6 Each man to what sport and Reuels his addiction [1622 minde, 1623 addition] leades him.

1675 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 10 255 The genius, faculties, addictions, and humors of men of all ages.

†3. The binding of a person to another as a servant, adherent, or disciple; (also) the state of being so bound. Frequently with to. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads ii. 18 I will first, (as farre as fits our right) Trie their addictions, and command, with full-sail'd ships our flight

1648 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. Gualdo Priorato Hist. Late Warres vi. 177 He [sc. the Duke] would forgoe his addiction to the Emperour.

1689 J. Fitzwilliam Let. 13 May in Lett. Lady R. Russell (1773) 137 That you would have the same good opinion of my integrity, and of my zealous addiction to you, or to any thing relating to your service, as ever you had heretofore.

1697 S. Patrick Comm. Exod. (xxi. 6) 392 Look upon it only as a solemn Addiction of him to his Master's Service.

1749 J. Edwards Christ God-man 35 To incite and raise our Gratitude, and enflame our Love to the highest Degree, of which they are capable, of Rapture, and Addiction, and Devotion of ourselves, our Lives, our Souls and Bodies to the Service of our Creator.

1789 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) II. 585 I have never submitted the whole system of my opinions to the creed of any party... Such an addiction is the last degradation of a free and moral agent.

4. Roman Law. The formal delivery of a person or property to an individual, typically in accordance with a judicial decision. Cf. addict v. 1. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun] > enslavement > surrender of slave to master

addiction1625

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > [noun] > delivery by sentence of court

addiction1625

1625 T. Godwin Romanae Historiae Anthologia (new ed.) iii. ii. vi. 170 The forme of Addiction was thus..the party which preuailed, laid his hand on the thing or the person against which sentence was pronounced vsing this forme of words, Hunc ego hominem siue hanc rem ex iure Quiritium meam esse dico.

1751 Chambers's Cycl. (ed. 7) (at cited word) Adjudication is more particularly used for the addiction, or consigning a thing sold by auction, or the like, to the highest bidder.

1853 T. C. Sandars in tr. Justinian Institutes 415 By a constitution of Gordian, it was declared that the rescript of Marcus Aurelius extended to cases in which a stranger, and not one of the slaves of the deceased, applied for the addiction.

1880 J. Muirhead tr. Gaius Institutes iii. 250 Whether this addiction made him a slave..was a point of controversy with the old lawyers.

1911 Encycl. Britannica 546/2 Whether there was room for..magisterial addiction of the debtor after sixty days, with power to kill or sell into slavery after addiction, are disputed questions.

1990 A. Drummond in F. W. Walbank et al. Cambr. Anc. Hist. (ed. 2) VII. ii. v. 215 The history of debt-bondage (nexum) is obscure... In Livy ii.27.1 it appears to require a formal magisterial addiction and nexi enter bondage under compulsion.

Compounds

(In sense 1b.)

addiction counselling n. originally U.S. professional help and advice given to people with an addiction.

ΚΠ

1972 N.Y. Amsterdam News 17 June b4 Gilbert was a social worker at the Bureau, whose..pioneering work in preventive services and addiction counselling, was outstanding.

2004 J. Neehall-Davidson Perfect Private Pract. iv. 227 With addiction counselling, the client must be taught how to control the addiction.

addiction counsellor n. originally U.S. a practitioner of addiction counselling.

ΚΠ

1971 Daily Mail (Hagerstown, Maryland) 15 Jan. 13/5 Marlin Thurmond, addiction counselor at the Washington County Health Department.

2005 J. Strang & M. Gossop Heroin Addiction & Brit. Syst. 88 The GPs along with an addiction counsellor provide a high level of expertise.

addiction programme n. originally U.S. a programme of treatment, counselling, etc., designed to help a person overcome or recover from an addiction.

ΚΠ

1966 Sci. News 90 313/1 New York's newly installed Coordinator for Addiction Programs, conceived the program to rehabilitate the addicts of Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico.

2000 Independent on Sunday 3 Dec. (Review Suppl.) 36/4 She rescued a bestialist from a lengthy criminal sentence and placed him on a course of therapy, similar to the 12-step addiction programme for alcoholics.

addiction treatment n. originally U.S. professional treatment intended to help a person overcome or recover from an addiction.

ΚΠ

1921 N.Y. Tribune 9 Mar. 22 None of us like to accuse directly those interested in institutional addiction treatment with advocating this inhuman course, but we are forced to do so.

1963 Jrnl. Criminal Law, Criminol., & Police Sci. 54 447/1 Synanon House heralds its conception of addiction treatment as a primary path for future rehabilitation.

2010 Chicago Daily Herald (Nexis) 18 Jan. 3 The Women's Residential Services program in Vernon Hills, where women receive addiction treatment in a residential setting.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	addiction
释义	addictionn. Brit. /əˈdɪkʃn/, U.S. /əˈdɪkʃ(ə)n/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin addictiōn-, addictiō. Etymology: < classical Latin addictiōn-, addictiō assignment (of disputed property), assigning of a debtor to the custody of his creditor < addict- , past participial stem of addīcere (see addict adj.) + -iō -ion suffix¹. With sense 1b compare earlier addicted adj. 2b. With sense 4 compare earlier addict v. Compare earlier addict adj. 1. a. The state or condition of being dedicated or devoted to a thing, esp. an activity or occupation; adherence or attachment, esp. of an immoderate or compulsive kind.In later use frequently influenced by sense 1b. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > [noun] > great love or devotion zealc1450 devotiona1530 addiction?1532 superstition1637 addictedness1641 the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > [noun] > accustomedness > addictedness addiction?1532 addictedness1641 addictiveness1827 ?1532 Glasse of Truthe sig. B3 An ouermoche addiction to priuate appetites, mixed with to moche heedinesse and obstinacy. 1641 ‘Smectymnuus’ Vindic. Answer Hvmble Remonstr. ii. 43 The peoples..more willing addiction to hearing. 1675 E. Phillips in C. M. Ingleby & L. T. Smith Shakespeare's Cent. Prayse (1879) 360 His own proper Industry and Addiction to Books. 1716 A. Pope in tr. Homer Iliad II. vi. Observ. 510 He gives Paris several polite Accomplishments... He makes him have a Taste and Addiction to curious Works of all sorts, which caus'd him to transport Sidonian Artists to Troy. 1792 R. Bage Man as he Is I. i. 6 A strong addiction to science had hitherto been his guard against libertinism, without having weakened the social affections. 1858 W. E. Gladstone Stud. Homer I. 237 Their addiction to agricultural pursuits. 1859 J. S. Mill On Liberty 146 A man who causes grief to his family by addiction to bad habits. 1941 ‘G. Orwell’ Lion & Unicorn 15 What it does link up with..is the addiction to hobbies and spare-time occupations, the privateness of English life. 1995 G. Vidal Palimpsest 328 My boredom with athletics and addiction to reading and writing. b. Immoderate or compulsive consumption of a drug or other substance; spec. a condition characterized by regular or poorly controlled use of a psychoactive substance despite adverse physical, psychological, or social consequences, often with the development of physiological tolerance and withdrawal symptoms; an instance of this. Frequently with to (the addictive substance), or with distinguishing word. Cf. addicted adj. 2b and drug addiction n. at drug n.¹ Compounds 1b. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > drug addiction or craving > [noun] addiction1779 addictedness1788 narcomania1865 yen1876 drug addiction1881 yen-yen1886 drug abuse1903 oil burner1962 Jones1968 1716 W. Pittis in W. Pittis Dr. Radcliffe's Life & Lett. (ed. 3) 28 The Doctor..made a Forfeit of them, by his too great Addiction to the Bottle, after a very uncourtly manner.] 1779 S. Johnson J. Philips in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets IV. 10 His addiction to tobacco is mentioned by one of his biographers. 1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. iii. 58 Davy Wilson,..commonly called Snuffy Davy, from his inveterate addiction to black rappee. 1832 London Med. Gaz. 14 Jan. 556/2 Taken with caution, however largely taken, opium is no more injurious to longevity than addiction to ardent spirits is. 1881 Med. & Surg. Reporter 11 June 650/1 A clerk, aged forty-two years, a widower, no family history of alcoholism, drug addiction, insanity, marked nervous disease, or syphilis. 1906 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 3 Mar. 643/2 It matters little whether one speaks of the opium habit, the opium disease or the opium addiction. 1951 A. Grollman Pharmacol. & Therapeutics iv. 97 Addiction refers to that condition induced by a drug which necessitates the continuation of the drug and without which physical and mental derangements result. 1975 Nature 18 Sept. 188/2 Most people consider opiate addiction to comprise three major elements: tolerance, physical dependence, and compulsive craving. 1989 R. Bell Special Calling xii. 219 Many of our Donwood patients were addicted not only to alcohol, but to other chemical substances at the same time, and we needed new programs to deal with these cross addictions. 2001 J. Diamond C: Because Cowards get Cancer Too (new ed.) ix. 177 The dangers of Valium addiction were occasioning long articles in the Sunday papers. †2. Predilection, inclination; an instance of this, a ‘penchant’. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > [noun] kinda1200 disposingc1380 disposition1393 aptc1400 hieldc1400 remotiona1425 inclination?a1439 incliningc1450 taste1477 intendment1509 benta1535 swing1538 approclivity1546 aptness1548 swinge1548 drift1549 set1567 addiction1570 disposedness1583 swaya1586 leaning1587 intention1594 inflection1597 inclinableness1608 appetite1626 vogue1626 tendency1628 tendence1632 aptitude1633 gravitation1644 propension1644 biasing1645 conducement1646 flexure1652 propendency1660 tend1663 vergencya1665 pend1674 to have a way of1748 polarity1767 appetency1802 drive1885 overleaning1896 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. v. 688/1 Simplicitie pure from all addiction and partialitie to bee vttered. 1602 J. Marston Hist. Antonio & Mellida v. sig. I When I see one were a perewig, I dreade his haire... One tricke in euery thing makes me mistrust imperfection in all parts; and there's the full point of my addiction. 1630 Shakespeare's Othello ii. ii. 6 Each man to what sport and Reuels his addiction [1622 minde, 1623 addition] leades him. 1675 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 10 255 The genius, faculties, addictions, and humors of men of all ages. †3. The binding of a person to another as a servant, adherent, or disciple; (also) the state of being so bound. Frequently with to. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads ii. 18 I will first, (as farre as fits our right) Trie their addictions, and command, with full-sail'd ships our flight 1648 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. Gualdo Priorato Hist. Late Warres vi. 177 He [sc. the Duke] would forgoe his addiction to the Emperour. 1689 J. Fitzwilliam Let. 13 May in Lett. Lady R. Russell (1773) 137 That you would have the same good opinion of my integrity, and of my zealous addiction to you, or to any thing relating to your service, as ever you had heretofore. 1697 S. Patrick Comm. Exod. (xxi. 6) 392 Look upon it only as a solemn Addiction of him to his Master's Service. 1749 J. Edwards Christ God-man 35 To incite and raise our Gratitude, and enflame our Love to the highest Degree, of which they are capable, of Rapture, and Addiction, and Devotion of ourselves, our Lives, our Souls and Bodies to the Service of our Creator. 1789 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) II. 585 I have never submitted the whole system of my opinions to the creed of any party... Such an addiction is the last degradation of a free and moral agent. 4. Roman Law. The formal delivery of a person or property to an individual, typically in accordance with a judicial decision. Cf. addict v. 1. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun] > enslavement > surrender of slave to master addiction1625 society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > [noun] > delivery by sentence of court addiction1625 1625 T. Godwin Romanae Historiae Anthologia (new ed.) iii. ii. vi. 170 The forme of Addiction was thus..the party which preuailed, laid his hand on the thing or the person against which sentence was pronounced vsing this forme of words, Hunc ego hominem siue hanc rem ex iure Quiritium meam esse dico. 1751 Chambers's Cycl. (ed. 7) (at cited word) Adjudication is more particularly used for the addiction, or consigning a thing sold by auction, or the like, to the highest bidder. 1853 T. C. Sandars in tr. Justinian Institutes 415 By a constitution of Gordian, it was declared that the rescript of Marcus Aurelius extended to cases in which a stranger, and not one of the slaves of the deceased, applied for the addiction. 1880 J. Muirhead tr. Gaius Institutes iii. 250 Whether this addiction made him a slave..was a point of controversy with the old lawyers. 1911 Encycl. Britannica 546/2 Whether there was room for..magisterial addiction of the debtor after sixty days, with power to kill or sell into slavery after addiction, are disputed questions. 1990 A. Drummond in F. W. Walbank et al. Cambr. Anc. Hist. (ed. 2) VII. ii. v. 215 The history of debt-bondage (nexum) is obscure... In Livy ii.27.1 it appears to require a formal magisterial addiction and nexi enter bondage under compulsion. Compounds (In sense 1b.) addiction counselling n. originally U.S. professional help and advice given to people with an addiction. ΚΠ 1972 N.Y. Amsterdam News 17 June b4 Gilbert was a social worker at the Bureau, whose..pioneering work in preventive services and addiction counselling, was outstanding. 2004 J. Neehall-Davidson Perfect Private Pract. iv. 227 With addiction counselling, the client must be taught how to control the addiction. addiction counsellor n. originally U.S. a practitioner of addiction counselling. ΚΠ 1971 Daily Mail (Hagerstown, Maryland) 15 Jan. 13/5 Marlin Thurmond, addiction counselor at the Washington County Health Department. 2005 J. Strang & M. Gossop Heroin Addiction & Brit. Syst. 88 The GPs along with an addiction counsellor provide a high level of expertise. addiction programme n. originally U.S. a programme of treatment, counselling, etc., designed to help a person overcome or recover from an addiction. ΚΠ 1966 Sci. News 90 313/1 New York's newly installed Coordinator for Addiction Programs, conceived the program to rehabilitate the addicts of Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico. 2000 Independent on Sunday 3 Dec. (Review Suppl.) 36/4 She rescued a bestialist from a lengthy criminal sentence and placed him on a course of therapy, similar to the 12-step addiction programme for alcoholics. addiction treatment n. originally U.S. professional treatment intended to help a person overcome or recover from an addiction. ΚΠ 1921 N.Y. Tribune 9 Mar. 22 None of us like to accuse directly those interested in institutional addiction treatment with advocating this inhuman course, but we are forced to do so. 1963 Jrnl. Criminal Law, Criminol., & Police Sci. 54 447/1 Synanon House heralds its conception of addiction treatment as a primary path for future rehabilitation. 2010 Chicago Daily Herald (Nexis) 18 Jan. 3 The Women's Residential Services program in Vernon Hills, where women receive addiction treatment in a residential setting. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.?1532
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