staminan.

/ˈstamɪnə/

Etymology: < Latin stāmina, plural of stāmen : see stamen n. 2. For stamina = stamens (Botany) see stamen n. 3.The senses explained below arise partly by direct metaphor from the original Latin sense ‘warp of cloth’, and partly from the frequent classical application of the word to the threads spun by the Fates (see stamen n. 2a). In some examples the two notions appear to be blended.

†1.

a. (As plural) The native or original (as distinguished from the adventitious) elements and constitution of anything; the nature, structure and qualities of an organism, as existing potentially in its nascent state; the rudiments or germs from which living beings or their organs are developed.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > character or nature > [noun]

birtha1250

the manner ofc1300

formc1310

propertyc1390

naturea1393

condition1393

qualitya1398

temperc1400

taragec1407

naturality?a1425

profession?a1439

affecta1460

temperament1471

essence?1533

affection1534

spirit?1534

temperature1539

natural spirit1541

character1577

complexion1589

tincture1590

idiom1596

qualification1602

texture1611

connativea1618

thread1632

genius1639

complexure1648

quale1654

indoles1672

suchness1674

staminaa1676

trim1707

tenor1725

colouring1735

tint1760

type1843

aura1859

thusness1883

physis1923

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > embryo or fetus > embryo parts > [noun] > original structure

staminaa1676

a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) 294 The greater and more comprehensive Rudiments and Stamina are laid..before the lesser and derivative parts are formed and compleated; as we shall have occasion to observe when we come to consider the processus generationis of Man and Brutes.

1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth ii. 191 Others have thought that the long lives of those men of the old world proceeded from the strength of their stamina, or first principles of their bodies.

1692 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. v. 20 They must have had some rude kind of Organical Bodies, some Stamina of Life, though never so clumsy.

1718 J. Chamberlayne tr. B. Nieuwentyt Relig. Philosopher I. xvi. 308 In almost all kinds of Plants and Living Creatures..the former have their Origin in a Seed, and the latter in Stamina.

1741 A. Monro Anat. Human Bones (ed. 3) 156 Different Stamina or Rudiments of Teeth are to be observed.

1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey I. 189 Every third man a pigmy!—from the first rudiments and stamina of their existence, never meant to grow higher.

1772 J. W. Fletcher Appeal Matter of Fact i. 15 Our original corruption..is as old as the first stamina of our frame.

1774 Cooper in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 65 320 It..probably has its existence..originating,..in the first stamina of the embryo.

1801 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 5 568 The stamina of the teeth..are situated in the alveoli.

†b. transferred and figurative. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1691 R. Baxter Of National Churches Pref. sig. A2 They may yet become the Agents and stamina of a happy concordant Reformation.

1724 D. Waterland Crit. Hist. Athanasian Creed xi. 158 Some few of the main Stamina, or chief Lines, were taken care of from the first, and made up the first Creeds: particularly the Doctrine of the Trinity briefly hinted.

1741 W. Warburton Divine Legation Moses II. 530 Job's whole dramatic life lies here in its Stamina.

1752 H. Fielding Amelia III. ix. v. 258 I am convinced there are good Stamina in the Nature of this very Man.

1779 S. Johnson Let. 21 Sept. in Boswell Life Johnson (1791) II. 300 Pope may have had from Bolingbroke the philosophick stamina of his Essay.

1795 E. Burke Fourth Let. Peace Regicide Directory in Writings & Speeches (1991) IX. 104 Enmity to us..is wrought into the very stamina of its constitution.

1798 Monthly Mag. June 430 One [charity]..whose growth, from its god-like stamina, has been gigantic... This is the orphan-house.

1816 Sporting Mag. 47 295 In this group we do not see any thing very good, except certain hints, happy passages, and the stamina of possibly better pictures.

1816 J. Gilchrist Philos. Etymol. 238 He had the stamina of a good writer as well as sound thinker.

†c. humorously. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1824 C. Lamb in London Mag. Nov. 481/1 A bare scrag..carving could not lessen, nor helping diminish it—the stamina were left—the elemental bone still flourished.

†2.

a. (As plural; rarely as singular) The congenital vital capacities of a person or animal, on which (other things being equal) the duration of life was supposed to depend; natural constitution as affecting the duration of life or the power of resisting debilitating influences. Obsolete.In 1665 Dr. R. Willis, ‘being called to consult for one of his [the Duke of York's] sons, gave his opinion in these words, mala stamina vitæ, which gave such offence, that he was never called for afterwards’ (Bishop Burnet, Hist. Own Time, ed. 1823 I. ii. 228). Cf. the following:—

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > [noun]

naturec1275

kindc1300

complexion1398

habitudec1400

disposition1477

constitution1553

corporature1555

habit1576

composition1578

temper1601

composure1628

schesis1684

stamina1701

habitus1886

1542 J. Leland Naeniae sig. Av^v Atropos has illi laudes inuidit acerba, Infestaque manu vitalia stamina rupit.

1701 C. Wooley Two Years Jrnl. N.-Y. 93 Such as have the natural Stamina of a consumptive propagation in them.c1771 S. Foote Maid of Bath iii. 50 Men have survived many years such disproportionate matches... But then their stamina must be prodigiously strong.1782 H. Walpole Let. 11 July in Corr. (1965) XXXIII. 345 Though the relapse will be much more dangerous to Mr. Fox than to Mr. Fitzpatrick, whose stamina are of stouter texture.1791 W. Maxwell in J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1770 I. 344 [Paraphrasing Johnson:] He said..it was the bad stamina of the mind, which, like those of the body, were never rectified.1806 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 15 102 Persons with strong..constitutions..are much more slowly acted upon by medicine than those with weakly constitutions... This patient being of the former stamina, may [etc.].1823 J. Gillies tr. Aristotle Rhetoric i. v. 180 If the stamina are not sound, disease will soon ensue.

†b. transferred and figurative. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1775 A. Burnaby Trav. Middle Settlements N.-Amer. 91 The northern colonies are of a stronger stamina.

1812 Ann. Reg., Gen. Hist. 107 Expressing his conviction that the stamina of the nation were still unimpaired.

1815 J. Scott Visit to Paris (ed. 2) Pref. p. xxv Here thrive beyond parallel, by means solely of the popular stamina, institutions for..improving the condition of mankind.

1862 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire VII. lxviii. 609 The stamina of ancient life were healthier and stronger.

a. (Originally as plural; now chiefly as singular) Vigour of bodily constitution; power of sustaining fatigue or privation, of recovery from illness, and of resistance to debilitating influences; staying power.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > [noun] > good health > resistance to disease

lustc950

lustinessc1325

vigourc1386

hardinessc1405

lustihood1600

stamina1726

lustihead1748

hardihood1780

robustfulness1879

refractoriness1887

refractiveness1931

1726 J. Swift Let. to Sheridan 27 July in Misc. (1745) X. 101 I indeed think her Stamina could not last much longer, when I saw she could take no Nourishment.

1780 R. B. Sheridan School for Scandal i. i. 9 Who..avoid the least breath of air, and supply their want of stamina by care and circumspection.

1819 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto I cxxv. 65 Some old lady Or gentleman..Who've made ‘us youth’ wait..For an estate..Still breaking, but with stamina so steady, That all the Israelites are fit to mob its Next owner for their..post-obits.

1836 M. Scott Cruise of Midge viii. 116 Why, Sir Oliver, the man is exceedingly willing,..but his stamina is gone entirely.

a1853 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1876) 4th Ser. xviii. 195 Those whose constitutions had less stamina than our own.

1865 C. Dickens Dr. Marigold's Prescriptions: To be Taken for Life in All Year Round Extra Christmas No., 7 Dec. 47/1 Advising him to spend his legacy in getting up his stamina.

1880 J. Colborne With Hicks Pasha 181 Had he been possessed of less stamina and less vitality he must have succumbed.

1880 W. Day Racehorse in Training 225 Has he deteriorated in speed, size, or stamina?

1884 Times 28 Apr. 4/2 Lord Falmouth's horses seemed to possess more speed than stamina.

b. transferred and figurative. In various applications: Intellectual or moral robustness and vigour; capacity for perseverance or endurance; also (of things, institutions, etc.) capacity for permanence.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > constancy or steadfastness > [noun] > capacity for moral effort or endurance

thildc950

strengthOE

dureec1330

rankc1400

tolerance1412

adamant1445

toleration1531

validity1578

durance1579

bent1604

strongness1650

duress1651

strength1667

durableness1740

stamina1803

willpower1842

backbone1843

thewness1860

sand1867

upbearing1885

wiriness1892

gut1893

sisu1926

the mind > will > decision > perseverance or persistence > [noun] > staying power

lastingnessa1398

unweariness1611

unweariednessa1617

last1622

indefatigationa1646

unweariableness1647

unwearisomeness1649

indefatigability1651

indefatigableness1653

infatigability1709

lasting1762

stamina1803

unweariability1853

staying qualities1856

stickability1858

staying power1859

sitzfleisch1877

bounceback1959

1803 Edinb. Rev. Jan. 452 Productions, which have scarcely stamina to subsist until their fruitful parent has furnished us with a new litter.

1828 H. Alford Let. in Life, Jrnls. & Lett. (1873) 33 I have no stamina as yet of religious principle.

1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm III. 1230 The stamina of the soil..is..its power of endurance under any system of cropping.

1860 W. Collins Woman in White (new ed.) I. 257 I can't quarrel—I haven't stamina enough.

1861 T. A. Trollope La Beata II. xix. 252 Not..calculated to encourage the growth of intellectual stamina.

1865 Q. Rev. 117 549 The British Constitution has considerable stamina.

1869 E. M. Goulburn Pursuit of Holiness vii. 63 It requires some stamina of character to feel this moral esteem for anyone.

1895 W. B. Thomson Reminisc. Med. Mission Work xvii. 157 The stamina of the people was tested by a persecution that lasted for thirty years.

†4. (As plural and singular) Source of strength, main support, ‘backbone’. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > strengthening or confirmation of immaterial things > [noun] > a source or means of > strength or force behind war, state, nation, etc.

sinew1560

nerves1598

animal spirit1719

stamina1779

brawn1883

1779 A. Hamilton Let. 14 Sept. in Papers (1961) II. 173 The stamina of their Military Establishment, are in this country.

1781 E. Rutledge in J. Sparks Corr. Amer. Revol. (1853) III. 389 The Continentals, whom I consider as the stamina of the army.

1792 M. Wollstonecraft Vindic. Rights Woman iv. 110 The stamina of immortality, if I may be allowed the phrase, is the perfectibility of human reason.

1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 450 The soil is the public stock, the great capital, the stamina of the nation.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1915; most recently modified version published online December 2019).

单词	stamina
释义	staminan. /ˈstamɪnə/ Etymology: < Latin stāmina, plural of stāmen : see stamen n. 2. For stamina = stamens (Botany) see stamen n. 3.The senses explained below arise partly by direct metaphor from the original Latin sense ‘warp of cloth’, and partly from the frequent classical application of the word to the threads spun by the Fates (see stamen n. 2a). In some examples the two notions appear to be blended. †1. a. (As plural) The native or original (as distinguished from the adventitious) elements and constitution of anything; the nature, structure and qualities of an organism, as existing potentially in its nascent state; the rudiments or germs from which living beings or their organs are developed. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > character or nature > [noun] birtha1250 the manner ofc1300 formc1310 propertyc1390 naturea1393 condition1393 qualitya1398 temperc1400 taragec1407 naturality?a1425 profession?a1439 affecta1460 temperament1471 essence?1533 affection1534 spirit?1534 temperature1539 natural spirit1541 character1577 complexion1589 tincture1590 idiom1596 qualification1602 texture1611 connativea1618 thread1632 genius1639 complexure1648 quale1654 indoles1672 suchness1674 staminaa1676 trim1707 tenor1725 colouring1735 tint1760 type1843 aura1859 thusness1883 physis1923 the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > embryo or fetus > embryo parts > [noun] > original structure staminaa1676 a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) 294 The greater and more comprehensive Rudiments and Stamina are laid..before the lesser and derivative parts are formed and compleated; as we shall have occasion to observe when we come to consider the processus generationis of Man and Brutes. 1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth ii. 191 Others have thought that the long lives of those men of the old world proceeded from the strength of their stamina, or first principles of their bodies. 1692 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. v. 20 They must have had some rude kind of Organical Bodies, some Stamina of Life, though never so clumsy. 1718 J. Chamberlayne tr. B. Nieuwentyt Relig. Philosopher I. xvi. 308 In almost all kinds of Plants and Living Creatures..the former have their Origin in a Seed, and the latter in Stamina. 1741 A. Monro Anat. Human Bones (ed. 3) 156 Different Stamina or Rudiments of Teeth are to be observed. 1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey I. 189 Every third man a pigmy!—from the first rudiments and stamina of their existence, never meant to grow higher. 1772 J. W. Fletcher Appeal Matter of Fact i. 15 Our original corruption..is as old as the first stamina of our frame. 1774 Cooper in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 65 320 It..probably has its existence..originating,..in the first stamina of the embryo. 1801 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 5 568 The stamina of the teeth..are situated in the alveoli. †b. transferred and figurative. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1691 R. Baxter Of National Churches Pref. sig. A2 They may yet become the Agents and stamina of a happy concordant Reformation. 1724 D. Waterland Crit. Hist. Athanasian Creed xi. 158 Some few of the main Stamina, or chief Lines, were taken care of from the first, and made up the first Creeds: particularly the Doctrine of the Trinity briefly hinted. 1741 W. Warburton Divine Legation Moses II. 530 Job's whole dramatic life lies here in its Stamina. 1752 H. Fielding Amelia III. ix. v. 258 I am convinced there are good Stamina in the Nature of this very Man. 1779 S. Johnson Let. 21 Sept. in Boswell Life Johnson (1791) II. 300 Pope may have had from Bolingbroke the philosophick stamina of his Essay. 1795 E. Burke Fourth Let. Peace Regicide Directory in Writings & Speeches (1991) IX. 104 Enmity to us..is wrought into the very stamina of its constitution. 1798 Monthly Mag. June 430 One [charity]..whose growth, from its god-like stamina, has been gigantic... This is the orphan-house. 1816 Sporting Mag. 47 295 In this group we do not see any thing very good, except certain hints, happy passages, and the stamina of possibly better pictures. 1816 J. Gilchrist Philos. Etymol. 238 He had the stamina of a good writer as well as sound thinker. †c. humorously. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1824 C. Lamb in London Mag. Nov. 481/1 A bare scrag..carving could not lessen, nor helping diminish it—the stamina were left—the elemental bone still flourished. †2. a. (As plural; rarely as singular) The congenital vital capacities of a person or animal, on which (other things being equal) the duration of life was supposed to depend; natural constitution as affecting the duration of life or the power of resisting debilitating influences. Obsolete.In 1665 Dr. R. Willis, ‘being called to consult for one of his [the Duke of York's] sons, gave his opinion in these words, mala stamina vitæ, which gave such offence, that he was never called for afterwards’ (Bishop Burnet, Hist. Own Time, ed. 1823 I. ii. 228). Cf. the following:— ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > [noun] naturec1275 kindc1300 complexion1398 habitudec1400 disposition1477 constitution1553 corporature1555 habit1576 composition1578 temper1601 composure1628 schesis1684 stamina1701 habitus1886 1542 J. Leland Naeniae sig. Av^v Atropos has illi laudes inuidit acerba, Infestaque manu vitalia stamina rupit. 1701 C. Wooley Two Years Jrnl. N.-Y. 93 Such as have the natural Stamina of a consumptive propagation in them.c1771 S. Foote Maid of Bath iii. 50 Men have survived many years such disproportionate matches... But then their stamina must be prodigiously strong.1782 H. Walpole Let. 11 July in Corr. (1965) XXXIII. 345 Though the relapse will be much more dangerous to Mr. Fox than to Mr. Fitzpatrick, whose stamina are of stouter texture.1791 W. Maxwell in J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1770 I. 344 [Paraphrasing Johnson:] He said..it was the bad stamina of the mind, which, like those of the body, were never rectified.1806 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 15 102 Persons with strong..constitutions..are much more slowly acted upon by medicine than those with weakly constitutions... This patient being of the former stamina, may [etc.].1823 J. Gillies tr. Aristotle Rhetoric i. v. 180 If the stamina are not sound, disease will soon ensue. †b. transferred and figurative. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1775 A. Burnaby Trav. Middle Settlements N.-Amer. 91 The northern colonies are of a stronger stamina. 1812 Ann. Reg., Gen. Hist. 107 Expressing his conviction that the stamina of the nation were still unimpaired. 1815 J. Scott Visit to Paris (ed. 2) Pref. p. xxv Here thrive beyond parallel, by means solely of the popular stamina, institutions for..improving the condition of mankind. 1862 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire VII. lxviii. 609 The stamina of ancient life were healthier and stronger. 3. a. (Originally as plural; now chiefly as singular) Vigour of bodily constitution; power of sustaining fatigue or privation, of recovery from illness, and of resistance to debilitating influences; staying power. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > [noun] > good health > resistance to disease lustc950 lustinessc1325 vigourc1386 hardinessc1405 lustihood1600 stamina1726 lustihead1748 hardihood1780 robustfulness1879 refractoriness1887 refractiveness1931 1726 J. Swift Let. to Sheridan 27 July in Misc. (1745) X. 101 I indeed think her Stamina could not last much longer, when I saw she could take no Nourishment. 1780 R. B. Sheridan School for Scandal i. i. 9 Who..avoid the least breath of air, and supply their want of stamina by care and circumspection. 1819 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto I cxxv. 65 Some old lady Or gentleman..Who've made ‘us youth’ wait..For an estate..Still breaking, but with stamina so steady, That all the Israelites are fit to mob its Next owner for their..post-obits. 1836 M. Scott Cruise of Midge viii. 116 Why, Sir Oliver, the man is exceedingly willing,..but his stamina is gone entirely. a1853 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1876) 4th Ser. xviii. 195 Those whose constitutions had less stamina than our own. 1865 C. Dickens Dr. Marigold's Prescriptions: To be Taken for Life in All Year Round Extra Christmas No., 7 Dec. 47/1 Advising him to spend his legacy in getting up his stamina. 1880 J. Colborne With Hicks Pasha 181 Had he been possessed of less stamina and less vitality he must have succumbed. 1880 W. Day Racehorse in Training 225 Has he deteriorated in speed, size, or stamina? 1884 Times 28 Apr. 4/2 Lord Falmouth's horses seemed to possess more speed than stamina. b. transferred and figurative. In various applications: Intellectual or moral robustness and vigour; capacity for perseverance or endurance; also (of things, institutions, etc.) capacity for permanence. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > constancy or steadfastness > [noun] > capacity for moral effort or endurance thildc950 strengthOE dureec1330 rankc1400 tolerance1412 adamant1445 toleration1531 validity1578 durance1579 bent1604 strongness1650 duress1651 strength1667 durableness1740 stamina1803 willpower1842 backbone1843 thewness1860 sand1867 upbearing1885 wiriness1892 gut1893 sisu1926 the mind > will > decision > perseverance or persistence > [noun] > staying power lastingnessa1398 unweariness1611 unweariednessa1617 last1622 indefatigationa1646 unweariableness1647 unwearisomeness1649 indefatigability1651 indefatigableness1653 infatigability1709 lasting1762 stamina1803 unweariability1853 staying qualities1856 stickability1858 staying power1859 sitzfleisch1877 bounceback1959 1803 Edinb. Rev. Jan. 452 Productions, which have scarcely stamina to subsist until their fruitful parent has furnished us with a new litter. 1828 H. Alford Let. in Life, Jrnls. & Lett. (1873) 33 I have no stamina as yet of religious principle. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm III. 1230 The stamina of the soil..is..its power of endurance under any system of cropping. 1860 W. Collins Woman in White (new ed.) I. 257 I can't quarrel—I haven't stamina enough. 1861 T. A. Trollope La Beata II. xix. 252 Not..calculated to encourage the growth of intellectual stamina. 1865 Q. Rev. 117 549 The British Constitution has considerable stamina. 1869 E. M. Goulburn Pursuit of Holiness vii. 63 It requires some stamina of character to feel this moral esteem for anyone. 1895 W. B. Thomson Reminisc. Med. Mission Work xvii. 157 The stamina of the people was tested by a persecution that lasted for thirty years. †4. (As plural and singular) Source of strength, main support, ‘backbone’. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > strengthening or confirmation of immaterial things > [noun] > a source or means of > strength or force behind war, state, nation, etc. sinew1560 nerves1598 animal spirit1719 stamina1779 brawn1883 1779 A. Hamilton Let. 14 Sept. in Papers (1961) II. 173 The stamina of their Military Establishment, are in this country. 1781 E. Rutledge in J. Sparks Corr. Amer. Revol. (1853) III. 389 The Continentals, whom I consider as the stamina of the army. 1792 M. Wollstonecraft Vindic. Rights Woman iv. 110 The stamina of immortality, if I may be allowed the phrase, is the perfectibility of human reason. 1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 450 The soil is the public stock, the great capital, the stamina of the nation. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1915; most recently modified version published online December 2019). < n.1542
随便看	to double a part to double down to double on to double the files to double up to double upon to double-track to doubletrack to doubt of to dough in to douse a person's chops to douse a person's coat to douse a person's jacket to down on to down tools to down upon to down with to doze it to doze off or over to drab it to drag along, on to drag ass to drag by the ears to drag his coat-tails, so that some one may tread on them to drag his coattails, so that some one may tread on them