startlev.

Brit.

/ˈstɑːtl/, U.S.

/ˈstɑrd(ə)l/

Forms: Old English steartlian, Old English stærtlian (rare), Middle English starlyng (present participle, transmission error), Middle English stertel, Middle English stertell, Middle English stertyll, Middle English–1500s stertle, Middle English–1600s startel, Middle English– startle, 1500s startyll, 1500s–1600s startell, 1800s sturtle (English regional (south-western)); Scottish pre-1700 startel, pre-1700 startill, pre-1700 1700s– startle, pre-1700 1800s– stertle.

Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Apparently partly a word inherited from Germanic. Probably partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: start v., -le suffix 3.

Etymology: Apparently originally < the Germanic (o -grade) base of start v. + the Germanic base of -le suffix 3. In later use probably also directly < start v. + -le suffix 3.The word is rare before the 14th cent. The Old English forms apparently show West Saxon ea by breaking of æ before r plus consonant. However, at least some of the Middle English could be taken to reflect an antecedent with stem vowel e rather than æ (compare early stertlinde in quot. c1300 at sense 2a); such forms probably instead reflect a re-formation after β. forms at start v. with stem vowel e (although derivation from an unattested Old English stem form *steort- is also possible; compare discussion at start v.).

†1. intransitive. Of an animal: to kick out. Obsolete.In quots. OE¹, OE² (of an ass) in figurative context.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > habits and actions of horse > [verb (intransitive)] > kick

startleOE

kickc1386

winch1483

fling1487

yark?1561

smite1600

to lash out1852

to kick over the traces1861

OE Aldhelm Glosses (Brussels 1650) in L. Goossens Old Eng. Glosses of MS Brussels, Royal Libr. 1650 (1974) 303 Ut non calcitres : þæt þu ne spearlast & pugnes, calcitres, stærtligeuel steartlest [OE Digby 146 steartlast].

OE Aldhelm Glosses (Royal 6 B.vii) in A. S. Napier Old Eng. Glosses (1900) 140/2 Ut non calcitres : i. ut non pugnes, þæt ðu ne steartlige.

a1425 (a1402) J. Trevisa tr. R. Fitzralph Defensio Curatorum (Stowe) (1925) 57 [a1402 Harl. Osa put his hond to Goddes schryne] & hueld it vp for þe oxene hadde ystarteled [a1425 Wycliffite Bible, L.V. 2 Kings vi. 6 kikeden; L. calcitrabant] & ouer cast þe schryne.

a. intransitive. To rush, move swiftly; to dash about. Also: to caper, leap, skip. Now English regional (northern) and Scottish.In later use chiefly used of cows rushing wildly about a field in the grip of some irritation (stinging insects, burning sun, etc.). Sc. National Dict. records this sense as still in use in Ayrshire, Wigtownshire, and southern Scotland in 1971.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > by locomotion > locomotion of animals > [verb (intransitive)] > run or caper about

startlec1300

the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > move swiftly in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > move swiftly and violently

driveeOE

fallOE

reseOE

routOE

rashOE

swip?c1225

weothec1275

startlec1300

lushc1330

swapc1386

brusha1400

spurna1400

buschc1400

frushc1400

rushc1405

rushle1553

rouse1582

hurl1609

powder1632

slash1689

stave1819

tilt1831

bulge1834

smash1835

storm1837

stream1847

ripsnort1932

slam1973

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > leaping, springing, or jumping > leap, spring, or jump [verb (intransitive)] > caper

leapc900

playOE

floxec1200

startlec1300

trancec1374

prancec1380

tripc1386

scoupa1400

prankc1450

gambol1508

frisk?1520

jeta1529

pract1568

trounce1568

trip1578

capriole1580

lavolta1590

linch1593

curvet1595

flisk1595

firk1596

caper1598

jaunce1599

risec1599

cabre1600

jaunt1605

skit1611

to cut a caper or capersa1616

tripudiate1623

insult1652

to fike and flinga1689

scamper1691

dance1712

pranklea1717

cavort1794

jinket1823

gambado1827

caracol1861

the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > move swiftly in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > move swiftly and violently > rush around

scour1297

startlec1300

reelc1400

rammisha1540

gad1552

ramp1599

fling1620

to run rounda1623

rampage1791

to run around1822

to rip and tear1846

hella1864

running around like a chicken with its head cut off (also like a chicken with no head)1887

to haul ass1918

tear-arse1942

c1300 Body & Soul (Laud Misc. 108) (1889) 41 Þouȝ art unsemly for to se,..Þouȝ ne havest frend þat ne wolde fle, Come þouȝ stertlinde in þe strete.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1882) VIII. 55 Þerynne [sc. on a carved casket] it semeþ þat geantes fiȝten, bestes stertelleþ [L. gestus animalium..conspiciuntur], foules fleeþ.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. cix. 1258 Whanne she [sc. þe cowe] is ystonge wiþ a grete flye þanne sche..starteleþ as sche were wood aboute feldes and playnes.

c1440 Prose Life Alexander (Thornton) (1913) 21 When þou wenez moste seurely for to stertle abowte, I sall sterte apon þe.

a1475 Friar & Boy (Brogyntyn) in J. O. Halliwell Early Eng. Misc. (1855) 55 Whanne the freyr the pype herde, As a wood mane than he ferd, And began to stertyll abowt.

?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 120^v To Stertyll, exilire, prosilire.

c1500 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Selden) (1879) l. 1741 Hir husbond Colatyn Or sche was of him war com stertlyng [c1430 Cambr. stertynge] In.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 29 I beheld the pretty fische vantounly stertland vitht there rede vermeil fynnis.

1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions i. iv. 40 Emong their priestes, loke whome they sawe startle aboute as haulfe wood, him did they iudge of all other mooste holy.

1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) sig. Siii The Leopard pursues his pray leaping and startling.

1616 J. Lane Contin. Squire's Tale iv. 312 Then the horse gann startel, tripp, and goe.

1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1664) 66 We see oxen goe to the shambles leaping and startling.

1675 T. Brooks Golden Key 122 It made His blood startle out of his body in congealed cloddered heaps.

1721 J. Kelly Compl. Coll. Scotish Prov. 214 It will be a hot day that will make you startle.

1786 R. Burns Twa Dogs xxiii, in Poems 18 He..down Italian Vista startles, Wh-re-hunting among groves o' myrtles.

a1794 S. Blamire Poet. Wks. (1842) 3 Now the sun sends forth his scorching rays, And the hot cattle startling cease to graze; While to the pool, or darkest shade they hie, And with the scourging tail whip off th' offending fly.

1823 Farmer's Mag. Aug. 368 The former of these insects is generally very annoying to the cattle..but this year they have hardly as yet been observed to make them startle.

1876 O. Madox-Brown Dwale Bluth II. 288 Th'yapple-dreane sturtled and stugged ie' th' fruits, Th' drone ie' th' yavil flew.

1898 J. Buchan John Burnet of Barns i. i. 3 The cattle were stertling, as we called it in the countryside; that is, the sun was burning their backs, and, rushing with tails erect, they sought coolness from end to end of the field.

1923 G. Watson Roxburghshire Word-bk. 292 Stertle, to (begin to) rush about for no apparent reason: ‘The nowt's stertlin'.’

†b. transitive. To cause to rush (out). Obsolete. rare.In quot. perhaps also punning on sense 4 (or perhaps simply a metaphorical use of this sense). Cf. also quot. 1675 at sense 2a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > discharge [verb (transitive)] > bleed > suddenly

startle1605

1605 1st Pt. Jeronimo sig. Aiii Ile wake the Court, or startle out some bloud.

a. intransitive. To undergo a sudden involuntary movement of the body, caused by surprise, alarm, acute pain, etc.; to start, give a start (at a stimulus).

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > sudden movement > make sudden movement [verb (intransitive)] > as result of emotion

startc1405

startle1530

jump1715

the mind > emotion > fear > physical symptoms of fear > exhibit physical symptoms [verb (intransitive)] > start with fear

stiga1400

startle1530

boggle1598

to take boggle1660

sturt1786

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 734/1 I startell, as a man dothe that is amased sodaynly, or that hath some inwarde colde.

1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus Prol. sig. Biv Haue men rubbed the on the galde backe, or haue men hytte the vpon the thombes (that thou begynnest to wynche or to startle on this facion).

1591 H. Savile tr. Tacitus Ende of Nero: Fower Bks. Hist. ii. 95 Oftentimes as hee [sc. Vespasian] was named, Vitellius would startle.

1603 S. Harsnett Declar. Popish Impostures 136 To teach her..gnash her teeth, startle with her body, [etc.].

1614 G. Wither Sat. to King in Iuuenilia (1633) 326 Make them, when their Villanies are blazed, Shudder and startle as men halfe amazed.

1629 J. Gaule Distractions 206 His Head startles, Haires bristle, Browes wrinkle.

1710 E. Hitchin Brief Remarks on S. Ewer's pretended Answer 3 This Ghost seem'd to startle at the sight of four Men in Cloaks and Bands.

1760 S. Fielding Ophelia I. xxx. 266 She..startled at me, as if I had been a Monster.

1843 Ladies' Repository May 152/2 They seem to hear his very tread, And startle at the sound.

a1916 A. Seeger Broceliande in Poems (1917) 107 Sometimes an echo..Breathes in a burden of nameless regret till I startle, disturbed and affrayed.

1972 R. Adams Watership Down v. 18 To rabbits, everything unknown is dangerous. The first reaction is to startle, the second to bolt. Again and again they startled, until they were close to exhaustion.

2009 Chicago Daily Herald (Nexis) 15 Apr. (C2 ed.) 2 n Sahara was diagnosed with..a neurological disorder that causes her to startle at everyday sounds or occurrences.

b. intransitive. To feel sudden astonishment or alarm; to take fright, be shocked at. †to startle into: to be shocked into (a particular state) (obsolete). Now rare (superseded by passive of sense 4).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > surprise, unexpectedness > happen or move unexpectedly [verb (intransitive)] > feel surprised

to think wonder (also ferly)lOE

to have wondera1400

admirec1429

startle1562

to think (it) strange of (or concerning)1585

to come short?1611

strange1639

to think (it) much1669

admirize1702

to go (all) hot and cold1845

to take to1862

surprise1943

not to know (or to wonder) what hit one1961

the mind > emotion > fear > apprehension > be apprehensive [verb (intransitive)] > be alarmed

tremble and trotc1425

fear1490

startle1562

to give (also take, raise) the alarm1570

to take alarm1587

to take bog1627

scare1900

to get (have)or put the breeze up1910

to get the wind up1916

spook1928

1562 T. Cooper Answere Def. Truth Pref. sig. E1^v, in Apol. Priuate Masse And in dede..a man maye thinke they had good cause to startle at the matter.

a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iv. iii. 14 Patience her selfe would startle at this letter, And play the swaggerer.

1641 ‘Smectymnuus’ Vindic. Answer Hvmble Remonstr. ii. 31 Our loyall hearts startle to think of a repetition of the words.

1649 R. Lovelace Lucasta: Epodes, Odes, Sonnets, Songs 72 The Robber and the Murderer in 'spite Of his red spots shal startle into White.

1673 R. Allestree Ladies Calling ii. §1 ⁋18 The liberties that are taken now, would then have been startled at.

a1704 T. Brown Char. Jacobite Clergy in 4th Vol. Wks. (1711) 269 You must either leave them, or else, after the squeamishness of startling at a Surplice, be forc'd to swallow Transubstantiation.

1721 E. Young Revenge ii. i. 15 Yet to ask it Has something shocking to a generous Mind, At least Alonzo's Spirit startles at it.

1792 W. Wordsworth Descr. Sketches 60 The cloister startles at the gleam of arms.

1826 C. Lamb Let. 20 Mar. (1935) III. 37 A good lady, a friend's wife, whom I really love (don't startle, I mean in a licit way).

1835 T. N. Talfourd Ion iii. ii. 118 Which the pirates' nest..would startle at!

1961 R. Graves More Poems 42 In the course of travel, you must have startled at Some coign of true felicity.

c. intransitive. To awake with a start; to move suddenly in a surprised or frightened manner; (esp. of an animal) to start up suddenly from a position of rest. to startle back: to recoil, move backwards in terror.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > sudden movement > cause to move suddenly [verb (transitive)]

braidOE

startc1440

startle1576

spring1665

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > move backwards [verb (intransitive)] > start or spring back

hipc1300

again-frusha1382

recoil1513

to startle back1576

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > surprise, unexpectedness > happen or move unexpectedly [verb (intransitive)] > act with surprise

abash?c1400

startc1405

startle1576

to raise one's eyebrow(s) (or an eyebrow)1849

to jump (also leap) out of one's skin1860

gloppen-

the mind > emotion > fear > physical symptoms of fear > exhibit physical symptoms [verb (intransitive)] > start with fear > start backwards

to startle back1576

1576 G. Gascoigne Complaynt of Phylomene in Steele Glas sig. M.iiii And stertling from hir traunce, J wil reuenge (quoth she).

1608 H. Clapham Errour Left Hand 56 Why startlest thou back? why lookes thou agast?

1613 T. Heywood Brazen Age ii. ii. sig. I My father..startles vp to thunder-strike the lad, And lets me fall.

1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes iv. §8. 385 Be not so affrighted..as upon the sight of painted fire to startle backe into true burning fire.

1667 J. Tabor Seasonable Thoughts Sad Times 87 Those dream of flying Dutch, start up, and shout These startle up to run as put to rout.

1743 Fair Adultress 10 Neither did I seem to wake till Bellflour call'd me by my Name, at which I startled up, rubbing my Eyes.

1798 S. T. Coleridge Lewti in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 66* The river-swans have heard my tread, And startle from their reedy bed.

1813 W. Scott Bridal of Triermain iii. xxxix. 196 Gyneth startles from her sleep.

1847 G. P. R. James Castle of Ehrenstein III. xli. 198 The Count of Ehrenstein startled up and laid his hand upon his sword.

1923 Bookman Aug. 617 Often I startle up in bed to find him lying there.

1994 Equinox June 42/2 From a postlunch nap, the photographer and I startle up, each looking to the sky for a passing airplane.

2008 E. Dodd In Mind's Eye 3 A red-tailed hawk startles from where it has landed to drink, and it lifts heavily.

d. intransitive. Of a horse: to shy (at). Cf. start v. 6a(b).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > habits and actions of horse > [verb (intransitive)] > shy

start?a1513

skeigh1513

startle1576

flounder1592

shy1796

scotch1832

nap1953

starter pack1955

1576 R. Peterson tr. G. della Casa Galateo 40 For they will straite iogge backe againe, like a resty Iade, or a Nagge that startleth a side at his shadowe [It. che aombri].

1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 98 His pamperd horse startled at him.

1696 2nd Pt. Johnson's Hist. Seven Champions Christendom (new ed.) ii. ix. sig. I2^v Within a little while their horses began again to startle, & to be wonderfully afraid.

1732 London Mag. 1 240 Like Moon-blind horses are apt to startle at every object.

1788 G. M. Berkeley Harriet 27 in Heloise (ed. 3) II. One evening, as a young man..was passing through the village, his horse startled, and threw him.

1856 Reynolds's Misc. 9 Aug. 24/3 When a horse startles at anything, he is assured of safety by a lengthened wo-o-o.

1888 C. M. Doughty Trav. Arabia Deserta I. xxii. 609 I stood up to salute the Emir and his horse startled, seeing in the dusk my large white kerchief.

2002 A. Fuller Don't let's go to Dogs Tonight 279 The horses startle and bolt at her approach.

e. Of the eyes: to bulge or goggle, as if about to burst from their sockets. Cf. start v. 4b(a).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > eye > [verb (intransitive)] > by size, shape, etc.

starta1393

sparkle1594

startle1600

settle1615

pop1680

fever1820

largen1844

bug1868

1600 J. Weever Faunus & Melliflora sig. I4^v And thence returne and guzzle off the Boule, Tills eies gan startle in his iobber noule.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 463 Now mine eyes begun to startle, my mouth to foame and froath, and my teeth to chatter.

1667 Third Advice in Second & Third Advice to Painter 24 Her hair began to creep, her Belly sound, Her Eyes to startle, with her Udder bound.

1792 D. Campbell Sacramental Medit. Sufferings & Death Christ iii. 63 With the violence of their strokes, they made him reel and stagger, they made his mouth, and nose, and face, to bleed, and his eyes to startle in his head.

1838 Virginia Free Press 11 Oct. 1/4 His eyes startled from their sockets.

1921 A. Lowell Legends v. 158 His eyes startle.

1997 J. Ryan Dismantling Mr Doyle v. 54 Suddenly he became a zealot, his eyes startling as he braced himself for what Eve sensed was going to be a key concept.

f. intransitive. poetic. Of an inanimate thing: to move or change suddenly as if startled. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > sudden movement > make sudden movement [verb (intransitive)] > specifically of inanimate things

jump1511

startle1812

1812 G. Crabbe Tales vii. 130 And sordid pictures from the fancy pass, As the breath startles from the polish'd glass.

1816 P. B. Shelley Alastor 33 The grass that sprung Startled and glanced and trembled even to feel An unaccustomed presence.

1888 J. R. Lowell Broken Tryst in Poems 5 If a dead leaf startle behind me, I think 'tis your garment's hem.

1997 A. Chatterjee Kubera Purana v. 182 The earth startles, the wind stops blowing, the sky becomes full of the gods who have thronged to see this terrible battle.

a. transitive. To cause (a person or animal) to undergo a sudden involuntary movement of the body, through surprise, alarm, etc.; to surprise greatly; to frighten, alarm (from or into an action, place, state, etc.). Formerly also: †to give offence to, shock (obsolete). Occasionally also intransitive.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > surprise, unexpectedness > surprise, astonish [verb (transitive)]

gloppena1250

abavea1400

ferlya1400

forferlya1400

supprisec1405

stonish1488

surprend1549

stagger1556

thunderbolta1586

admire1598

startle1598

thunderstrike1613

siderate1623

dumbfound1653

surprise1655

stammer1656

strange1657

astartlea1680

dumbfounder1710

knock1715

to take aback1751

flabbergast1773

to take back1796

stagnate1829

to put aback1833

to make (a person) sit up1878

to knock, lay (out), etc., cold1884

transmogrify1887

rock1947

to flip out1964

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > surprise, unexpectedness > surprise, astonish [verb (transitive)] > startle

startc1440

rouse1583

startle1598

jolt1872

jump1898

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > state of being shocked > be shocked at [verb (transitive)] > shock

startle1598

scandal1643

shock1656

scandalize1676

jar1789

rock1881

shake1943

traumatize1949

the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > causing physical symptoms > cause physical symptoms [verb (transitive)] > cause to start or flinch

startc1440

abraid1590

startle1598

gally1608

surprise1655

upstartlea1849

to get, have or give (someone) a skrik1887

upstart1892

jump1898

1598 G. Chapman Blinde Begger of Alexandria sig. F3^v How now my Lords doth beauty startle you.

1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles xxi. 135 Thou little knowst howe thou doest startle me to call thy selfe Marina.

?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xvi. 437 His ruine startl'd th' other steeds.

1637 J. Milton Comus 8 These thoughts may startle well, but not astound The vertuous mind.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iii. 108 Not long after, he was arraigned again at the Kings Bench, the news whereof so startled the Clergie, that [etc.].

1710 Tatler No. 257. ⁋2 I was startled with a Flourish of many Musical Instruments.

1740 G. Turnbull Princ. Christian Philos. II. i. 98 And when these and other like appearances happen..they do not startle philosophers.

1796 M. Robinson Hubert de Sevrac I. vi. 204 As she raised the paper near the light, a deep sigh, startled her from her purpose.

1817 J. Keats Poems 85 Where the deer's swift leap Startles the wild bee from the fox-glove bell.

1820 W. Irving Pride of Village in Sketch Bk. vi. 37 There was nothing in his advances to startle or alarm.

1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pelham II. v. 45 There was a..licentiousness in his opinions, which startled even me (used as I had been to rakes of all schools).

a1894 R. L. Stevenson Weir of Hermiston (1896) i. 32 'Bethankit, no!' exclaimed the woman startled into a more natural tone.

1956 N.Y. Times 29 Apr. ii. 3/3 They continually startle the stagehands by their ‘method’ acting.

1984 K. Chase Eros & Psyche iii. 47 Jane Eyre after The Pickwick Papers creates an incongruity certain to startle.

2012 S. Townsend Woman who went to Bed for Year vii. 46 The cordless phone in its flimsy holder startled her with its high-pitched electronic chirp.

b. transitive. figurative. To cause a sudden disturbance in an inanimate thing (as the air, the calm of night, a landscape, etc.).

ΚΠ

1645 J. Milton L'Allegro in Poems 32 To hear the Lark..singing startle the dull night.

1823 C. Lamb Praise of Chimney-sweepers in Elia 259 Hundreds of grinning teeth startled the night with their brightness.

1863 T. Woolner My Beautiful Lady i. 22 Grateful, in her deep silence, one loud thrush Startled the air with song.

1908 N.Y. Times 13 Dec. 10/4 The short, sharp whistles of the liner calling a tug startled the water front.

1945 H. Corby Hampdens going Over 21 The pale wild roses star the banks of green And poignant poppies startle their fields with red.

1989 P. Ackroyd First Light iii. 129 The light from his headlamps swept across the valley in a sudden arc, and for a moment the landscape was startled into movement.

†5. transitive. To rouse, stir, excite (a person's spirits, etc.). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > excitement > exciting > excite [verb (transitive)]

astirc1000

stir?c1225

araisec1374

entalentc1374

flamec1380

reara1382

raisec1384

commove1393

kindlea1400

fluster1422

esmove1474

talent1486

heavec1540

erect?1555

inflame1560

to set on gog1560

yark1565

tickle1567

flesh1573

concitate1574

rouse1574

warmc1580

agitate1587

spirit1598

suscitate1598

fermentate1599

nettle1599

startle1602

worka1616

exagitate1621

foment1621

flush1633

exacuatea1637

ferment1667

to work up1681

pique1697

electrify1748

rattle1781

pump1791

to touch up1796

excite1821

to key up1835

to steam up1909

jazz1916

steam1922

volt1930

whee1949

to fire up1976

geek1984

1602 B. Jonson Poetaster iv. v. sig. H3^v What, doe we nod, fellow Gods? sound Musicke, and let vs startle our spirits with a song.

1626 H. Sydenham Moses & Aaron 24 If that Father be too calme and modest in his reproofe, and cannot rouze bloud in the cheekes of the delinquent: S. Ambrose shall startle it.

1657 Lusts Dominion i. iv. sig. B11^v Startle thy wonted spirits, awake thy soul.

1698 E. Warren Holy Mourner xxii. 280 They have touched us to the Quick, and pricked us to the Heart; they have startled our Spirits, and rowzed our Minds.

1779 R. Jephson Law of Lombardy ii. vii. 26 Deeds like this Shou'd startle every spirit of the grove.

1823 London Mag. Mar. 348/2 The singing, the muttered prayers..are all calculated to startle the spirits.

†6.

a. intransitive. To swerve; to deviate from a purpose. Cf. start v. 10. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > reverse or abandon one's purpose or intention [verb (transitive)]

to fall from ——a1425

waivec1450

forthink1483

to leave up1523

unresolve1608

startle1612

betray1614

recant1648

recede1650

to turn round1808

to unmake one's mind1848

unwill1871

1612 J. Floyd Ouerthrow Protestants Pulpit-Babels ii. ii. 186 God himselfe doth rather require, that women, and vulgar people haue the eares of daughters..not to startle from the beaten way of the faith of their Ancestors, when they heare any doctrine preached they do not vnderstand.

1612 J. Floyd Ouerthrow Protestants Pulpit-Babels ii. ii. 186 Why do you reiect D. Heskins his Gentlewoman, that did both startle, and soone-say, reiecting the booke of Ecclesiasticus?

a1644 F. Quarles Solomons Recantation (1645) Soliloquy viii. 42 Nay, Heaven and Hel May sooner startle from their Parallel.

1649 J. Milton Tenure of Kings 4 I shall..exhort them not to startle from the just and pious resolution of adhering with all their assistance to the present Parlament and Army.

1679 W. Thomas Apol. Church of Eng. 189 You start an Objection, and quickly startle from it, as willing to be rid of it.

1784 P. Wright New Bk. Martyrs iv. ii. 798/2 At Axminster one also was executed, his name Mr Rose;..he had great resolution, and not at all startled with the fear of death.

b. transitive. To cause to waver; to shake or unsettle (a person, or a person's resolution, faith, etc.). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > doubt [verb (transitive)] > cause doubt

branglea1600

forgive1600

stumble1607

uncertain1614

uncredit1615

disconceita1639

scruple1638

startle1643

stagger1646

unfix1650

inscruple1663

unhinge1719

unconvince1815

unsettle1833

to keep (a person) guessing1896

1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §21. 47 I have perused them all, and can discover nothing that may startle a discreet beliefe.

1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 2 He explained the..Old Testament with so much advantage to our Faith..that I dare be bold to say, he startled and shook most of them.

a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 64 It almost startles their Faith.

1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. iv. 332 His known affections to the King's Service, from which it was not possible to remove or startle him.

1710 O. Sansom Acct. Life 52 When he saw them [sc. the Neighbours] flock in, he in his Rage (thinking to startle me) asked me before them, Whether [etc.].

Compounds

† startle-brain n. Obsolete a thing which upsets the brain.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > [noun] > cause of > thing causing

startle-braina1652

mindfucker1969

a1652 R. Brome Damoiselle i. i. sig. A4^v, in Five New Playes (1653) The care of Children's such a startle-braine.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	startle
释义	startlen. Brit. /ˈstɑːtl/, U.S. /ˈstɑrd(ə)l/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: startle v. Etymology: < startle v. Compare earlier start n.² 1. a. A start of surprise or alarm; an experience of being startled; a shock. Also occasionally: a cause of startlement; a startling thing.Now used esp. in studies of infant and child development. Cf. startle response n., startle reflex n. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > surprise, unexpectedness > [noun] > feeling of surprise startc1330 sit-up1483 glopa1500 stonishment1594 startle1603 surprisal1652 surprise1686 shock1705 turn1845 jolt1884 the mind > emotion > fear > physical symptoms of fear > [noun] > sudden start startling1572 startle1603 skrik1887 the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > causing physical symptoms > [noun] > action of causing a start > something that causes a start startle1603 startlement1867 the mind > mental capacity > expectation > surprise, unexpectedness > [noun] > cause of surprise marvelc1300 miracle1586 surprise1592 bricolea1631 surprisal1660 thunderbolt1787 startle1823 start1825 startler1829 eye-opener1833 a bolt from (or out of) the blue1837 shock1841 thunder-clap1852 startlement1867 staggerer1872 thunderstroke1880 Scarborough warning1890 surprise packet1900 bombshell1926 curveball1936 turn-up1942 a turn-up for the book(s)1948 conversation stopper1959 left turn1986 1603 S. Harsnett Declar. Popish Impostures xxi. 138 Shee was looking for egges in a bush by her Maisters house, and sodainly a Cat leapt out, whereat she gaue a startle. 1686 J. Dryden Def. Papers King & Duchess of York iii. 101 For what a startle would it give to a doubting Soul..to hear two Bishops, whereof one was Primate of All England, renouncing and condemning two of the establish'd Articles of their Church? 1714 Spectator No. 599. ⁋4 After having recovered myself from my first Startle, I was very well pleas'd at the Accident which had befallen me. 1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto X i. 53 Newton..found In that slight startle from his contemplation..A mode of proving that [etc.]. 1836 R. H. Froude Remains (1838) I. 426 Burton's death..was quite a startle to me. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm III. 1029 [The colt] bearing, without a startle, the fall of the pail-handle, [etc.]. 1894 S. R. Crockett Raiders xviii. 166 This gave me a great startle. 1957 M. Spark Comforters vi. 129 That sort of remark..caused the little startles, soon over. 1969 Child Devel. 40 1040 Wolff showed that spontaneous startles primarily occur in regular..sleep. 2005 P. M. H. Atwater Beyond Indigo Children xi. 115 Stress is the problem, not bugs, and that stress creates ‘startles’ (sudden, unexpected sounds or scenes designed to keep the brain awake and involved). 2013 Manly (Austral.) Daily (Nexis) 12 June 23 They [sc. breath-holding spells or attacks] may happen after a child has an upset or sudden startle, such as a minor bump or a fright. †b. A startling perception or intimation of something. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ 1854 J. R. Lowell Leaves Jrnl. Italy in Graham's Mag. July 191 You receive hints and startles of it through the senses first. 2. poetic and literary. A sudden rush, spurt, or jet (of). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > sudden rush of water > [noun] flush1529 shotc1540 ravine1545 cataract1634 push1782 debacle1802 startle1912 sloosh1919 1912 J. Masefield in Eng. Rev. Oct. 369 Startles of water made the swing ports gush. 1974 Poet Lore Summer 236 Blue surges part in startles of foam. 2012 L. Snelling Reunion iv. 60 The water was sheeting down the windowpane, blurring all but the startles of lightning. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † startleadj. Forms: late Middle English styȝtyl (transmission error), late Middle English styrtel, late Middle English styrtyl, late Middle English styrtyll. Origin: Apparently formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: start v., -le suffix 1; start n.², -le suffix 1. Etymology: Apparently < start v. or start n.² + -le suffix 1. Obsolete. rare. Actuated by sudden impulse. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > rapidity or speed of action or operation > [adjective] > acting with haste > hasty or sudden > specifically of persons suddenc1374 startle1440 heady1545 Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 447 Schytylle, styrtyl [?a1475 Winch. styrtel], or hasty, preceps. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online September 2021). startlev. Brit. /ˈstɑːtl/, U.S. /ˈstɑrd(ə)l/ Forms: Old English steartlian, Old English stærtlian (rare), Middle English starlyng (present participle, transmission error), Middle English stertel, Middle English stertell, Middle English stertyll, Middle English–1500s stertle, Middle English–1600s startel, Middle English– startle, 1500s startyll, 1500s–1600s startell, 1800s sturtle (English regional (south-western)); Scottish pre-1700 startel, pre-1700 startill, pre-1700 1700s– startle, pre-1700 1800s– stertle. Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Apparently partly a word inherited from Germanic. Probably partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: start v., -le suffix 3. Etymology: Apparently originally < the Germanic (o -grade) base of start v. + the Germanic base of -le suffix 3. In later use probably also directly < start v. + -le suffix 3.The word is rare before the 14th cent. The Old English forms apparently show West Saxon ea by breaking of æ before r plus consonant. However, at least some of the Middle English could be taken to reflect an antecedent with stem vowel e rather than æ (compare early stertlinde in quot. c1300 at sense 2a); such forms probably instead reflect a re-formation after β. forms at start v. with stem vowel e (although derivation from an unattested Old English stem form steort- is also possible; compare discussion at start v.). †1. intransitive. Of an animal: to kick out. Obsolete.In quots. OE¹, OE² (of an ass) in figurative context. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > habits and actions of horse > [verb (intransitive)] > kick startleOE kickc1386 winch1483 fling1487 yark?1561 smite1600 to lash out1852 to kick over the traces1861 OE Aldhelm Glosses* (Brussels 1650) in L. Goossens Old Eng. Glosses of MS Brussels, Royal Libr. 1650 (1974) 303 Ut non calcitres : þæt þu ne spearlast & pugnes, calcitres, stærtligeuel steartlest [OE Digby 146 steartlast]. OE Aldhelm Glosses (Royal 6 B.vii) in A. S. Napier Old Eng. Glosses (1900) 140/2 Ut non calcitres : i. ut non pugnes, þæt ðu ne steartlige. a1425 (a1402) J. Trevisa tr. R. Fitzralph Defensio Curatorum (Stowe) (1925) 57 [a1402 Harl. Osa put his hond to Goddes schryne] & hueld it vp for þe oxene hadde ystarteled [a1425 Wycliffite Bible, L.V. 2 Kings vi. 6 kikeden; L. calcitrabant] & ouer cast þe schryne. 2. a. intransitive. To rush, move swiftly; to dash about. Also: to caper, leap, skip. Now English regional (northern) and Scottish.In later use chiefly used of cows rushing wildly about a field in the grip of some irritation (stinging insects, burning sun, etc.). Sc. National Dict. records this sense as still in use in Ayrshire, Wigtownshire, and southern Scotland in 1971. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > by locomotion > locomotion of animals > [verb (intransitive)] > run or caper about startlec1300 the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > move swiftly in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > move swiftly and violently driveeOE fallOE reseOE routOE rashOE swip?c1225 weothec1275 startlec1300 lushc1330 swapc1386 brusha1400 spurna1400 buschc1400 frushc1400 rushc1405 rushle1553 rouse1582 hurl1609 powder1632 slash1689 stave1819 tilt1831 bulge1834 smash1835 storm1837 stream1847 ripsnort1932 slam1973 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > leaping, springing, or jumping > leap, spring, or jump [verb (intransitive)] > caper leapc900 playOE floxec1200 startlec1300 trancec1374 prancec1380 tripc1386 scoupa1400 prankc1450 gambol1508 frisk?1520 jeta1529 pract1568 trounce1568 trip1578 capriole1580 lavolta1590 linch1593 curvet1595 flisk1595 firk1596 caper1598 jaunce1599 risec1599 cabre1600 jaunt1605 skit1611 to cut a caper or capersa1616 tripudiate1623 insult1652 to fike and flinga1689 scamper1691 dance1712 pranklea1717 cavort1794 jinket1823 gambado1827 caracol1861 the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > move swiftly in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > move swiftly and violently > rush around scour1297 startlec1300 reelc1400 rammisha1540 gad1552 ramp1599 fling1620 to run rounda1623 rampage1791 to run around1822 to rip and tear1846 hella1864 running around like a chicken with its head cut off (also like a chicken with no head)1887 to haul ass1918 tear-arse1942 c1300 Body & Soul (Laud Misc. 108) (1889) 41 Þouȝ art unsemly for to se,..Þouȝ ne havest frend þat ne wolde fle, Come þouȝ stertlinde in þe strete. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1882) VIII. 55 Þerynne [sc. on a carved casket] it semeþ þat geantes fiȝten, bestes stertelleþ [L. gestus animalium..conspiciuntur], foules fleeþ. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. cix. 1258 Whanne she [sc. þe cowe] is ystonge wiþ a grete flye þanne sche..starteleþ as sche were wood aboute feldes and playnes. c1440 Prose Life Alexander (Thornton) (1913) 21 When þou wenez moste seurely for to stertle abowte, I sall sterte apon þe. a1475 Friar & Boy (Brogyntyn) in J. O. Halliwell Early Eng. Misc. (1855) 55 Whanne the freyr the pype herde, As a wood mane than he ferd, And began to stertyll abowt. ?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 120^v To Stertyll, exilire, prosilire. c1500 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Selden) (1879) l. 1741 Hir husbond Colatyn Or sche was of him war com stertlyng [c1430 Cambr. stertynge] In. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 29 I beheld the pretty fische vantounly stertland vitht there rede vermeil fynnis. 1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions i. iv. 40 Emong their priestes, loke whome they sawe startle aboute as haulfe wood, him did they iudge of all other mooste holy. 1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) sig. Siii The Leopard pursues his pray leaping and startling. 1616 J. Lane Contin. Squire's Tale iv. 312 Then the horse gann startel, tripp, and goe. 1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1664) 66 We see oxen goe to the shambles leaping and startling. 1675 T. Brooks Golden Key 122 It made His blood startle out of his body in congealed cloddered heaps. 1721 J. Kelly Compl. Coll. Scotish Prov. 214 It will be a hot day that will make you startle. 1786 R. Burns Twa Dogs xxiii, in Poems 18 He..down Italian Vista startles, Wh-re-hunting among groves o' myrtles. a1794 S. Blamire Poet. Wks. (1842) 3 Now the sun sends forth his scorching rays, And the hot cattle startling cease to graze; While to the pool, or darkest shade they hie, And with the scourging tail whip off th' offending fly. 1823 Farmer's Mag. Aug. 368 The former of these insects is generally very annoying to the cattle..but this year they have hardly as yet been observed to make them startle. 1876 O. Madox-Brown Dwale Bluth II. 288 Th'yapple-dreane sturtled and stugged ie' th' fruits, Th' drone ie' th' yavil flew. 1898 J. Buchan John Burnet of Barns i. i. 3 The cattle were stertling, as we called it in the countryside; that is, the sun was burning their backs, and, rushing with tails erect, they sought coolness from end to end of the field. 1923 G. Watson Roxburghshire Word-bk. 292 Stertle, to (begin to) rush about for no apparent reason: ‘The nowt's stertlin'.’ †b. transitive. To cause to rush (out). Obsolete. rare.In quot. perhaps also punning on sense 4 (or perhaps simply a metaphorical use of this sense). Cf. also quot. 1675 at sense 2a. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > discharge [verb (transitive)] > bleed > suddenly startle1605 1605 1st Pt. Jeronimo sig. Aiii Ile wake the Court, or startle out some bloud. 3. a. intransitive. To undergo a sudden involuntary movement of the body, caused by surprise, alarm, acute pain, etc.; to start, give a start (at a stimulus). ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > sudden movement > make sudden movement [verb (intransitive)] > as result of emotion startc1405 startle1530 jump1715 the mind > emotion > fear > physical symptoms of fear > exhibit physical symptoms [verb (intransitive)] > start with fear stiga1400 startle1530 boggle1598 to take boggle1660 sturt1786 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 734/1 I startell, as a man dothe that is amased sodaynly, or that hath some inwarde colde. 1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus Prol. sig. Biv Haue men rubbed the on the galde backe, or haue men hytte the vpon the thombes (that thou begynnest to wynche or to startle on this facion). 1591 H. Savile tr. Tacitus Ende of Nero: Fower Bks. Hist. ii. 95 Oftentimes as hee [sc. Vespasian] was named, Vitellius would startle. 1603 S. Harsnett Declar. Popish Impostures 136 To teach her..gnash her teeth, startle with her body, [etc.]. 1614 G. Wither Sat. to King in Iuuenilia (1633) 326 Make them, when their Villanies are blazed, Shudder and startle as men halfe amazed. 1629 J. Gaule Distractions 206 His Head startles, Haires bristle, Browes wrinkle. 1710 E. Hitchin Brief Remarks on S. Ewer's pretended Answer 3 This Ghost seem'd to startle at the sight of four Men in Cloaks and Bands. 1760 S. Fielding Ophelia I. xxx. 266 She..startled at me, as if I had been a Monster. 1843 Ladies' Repository May 152/2 They seem to hear his very tread, And startle at the sound. a1916 A. Seeger Broceliande in Poems (1917) 107 Sometimes an echo..Breathes in a burden of nameless regret till I startle, disturbed and affrayed. 1972 R. Adams Watership Down v. 18 To rabbits, everything unknown is dangerous. The first reaction is to startle, the second to bolt. Again and again they startled, until they were close to exhaustion. 2009 Chicago Daily Herald (Nexis) 15 Apr. (C2 ed.) 2 n Sahara was diagnosed with..a neurological disorder that causes her to startle at everyday sounds or occurrences. b. intransitive. To feel sudden astonishment or alarm; to take fright, be shocked at. †to startle into: to be shocked into (a particular state) (obsolete). Now rare (superseded by passive of sense 4). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > surprise, unexpectedness > happen or move unexpectedly [verb (intransitive)] > feel surprised to think wonder (also ferly)lOE to have wondera1400 admirec1429 startle1562 to think (it) strange of (or concerning)1585 to come short?1611 strange1639 to think (it) much1669 admirize1702 to go (all) hot and cold1845 to take to1862 surprise1943 not to know (or to wonder) what hit one1961 the mind > emotion > fear > apprehension > be apprehensive [verb (intransitive)] > be alarmed tremble and trotc1425 fear1490 startle1562 to give (also take, raise) the alarm1570 to take alarm1587 to take bog1627 scare1900 to get (have)or put the breeze up1910 to get the wind up1916 spook1928 1562 T. Cooper Answere Def. Truth Pref. sig. E1^v, in Apol. Priuate Masse And in dede..a man maye thinke they had good cause to startle at the matter. a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iv. iii. 14 Patience her selfe would startle at this letter, And play the swaggerer. View more context for this quotation 1641 ‘Smectymnuus’ Vindic. Answer Hvmble Remonstr. ii. 31 Our loyall hearts startle to think of a repetition of the words. 1649 R. Lovelace Lucasta: Epodes, Odes, Sonnets, Songs 72 The Robber and the Murderer in 'spite Of his red spots shal startle into White. 1673 R. Allestree Ladies Calling ii. §1 ⁋18 The liberties that are taken now, would then have been startled at. a1704 T. Brown Char. Jacobite Clergy in 4th Vol. Wks. (1711) 269 You must either leave them, or else, after the squeamishness of startling at a Surplice, be forc'd to swallow Transubstantiation. 1721 E. Young Revenge ii. i. 15 Yet to ask it Has something shocking to a generous Mind, At least Alonzo's Spirit startles at it. 1792 W. Wordsworth Descr. Sketches 60 The cloister startles at the gleam of arms. 1826 C. Lamb Let. 20 Mar. (1935) III. 37 A good lady, a friend's wife, whom I really love (don't startle, I mean in a licit way). 1835 T. N. Talfourd Ion iii. ii. 118 Which the pirates' nest..would startle at! 1961 R. Graves More Poems 42 In the course of travel, you must have startled at Some coign of true felicity. c. intransitive. To awake with a start; to move suddenly in a surprised or frightened manner; (esp. of an animal) to start up suddenly from a position of rest. to startle back: to recoil, move backwards in terror. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > sudden movement > cause to move suddenly [verb (transitive)] braidOE startc1440 startle1576 spring1665 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > move backwards [verb (intransitive)] > start or spring back hipc1300 again-frusha1382 recoil1513 to startle back1576 the mind > mental capacity > expectation > surprise, unexpectedness > happen or move unexpectedly [verb (intransitive)] > act with surprise abash?c1400 startc1405 startle1576 to raise one's eyebrow(s) (or an eyebrow)1849 to jump (also leap) out of one's skin1860 gloppen- the mind > emotion > fear > physical symptoms of fear > exhibit physical symptoms [verb (intransitive)] > start with fear > start backwards to startle back1576 1576 G. Gascoigne Complaynt of Phylomene in Steele Glas sig. M.iiii And stertling from hir traunce, J wil reuenge (quoth she). 1608 H. Clapham Errour Left Hand 56 Why startlest thou back? why lookes thou agast? 1613 T. Heywood Brazen Age ii. ii. sig. I My father..startles vp to thunder-strike the lad, And lets me fall. 1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes iv. §8. 385 Be not so affrighted..as upon the sight of painted fire to startle backe into true burning fire. 1667 J. Tabor Seasonable Thoughts Sad Times 87 Those dream of flying Dutch, start up, and shout These startle up to run as put to rout. 1743 Fair Adultress 10 Neither did I seem to wake till Bellflour call'd me by my Name, at which I startled up, rubbing my Eyes. 1798 S. T. Coleridge Lewti in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 66* The river-swans have heard my tread, And startle from their reedy bed. 1813 W. Scott Bridal of Triermain iii. xxxix. 196 Gyneth startles from her sleep. 1847 G. P. R. James Castle of Ehrenstein III. xli. 198 The Count of Ehrenstein startled up and laid his hand upon his sword. 1923 Bookman Aug. 617 Often I startle up in bed to find him lying there. 1994 Equinox June 42/2 From a postlunch nap, the photographer and I startle up, each looking to the sky for a passing airplane. 2008 E. Dodd In Mind's Eye 3 A red-tailed hawk startles from where it has landed to drink, and it lifts heavily. d. intransitive. Of a horse: to shy (at). Cf. start v. 6a(b). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > habits and actions of horse > [verb (intransitive)] > shy start?a1513 skeigh1513 startle1576 flounder1592 shy1796 scotch1832 nap1953 starter pack1955 1576 R. Peterson tr. G. della Casa Galateo 40 For they will straite iogge backe againe, like a resty Iade, or a Nagge that startleth a side at his shadowe [It. che aombri]. 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 98 His pamperd horse startled at him. 1696 2nd Pt. Johnson's Hist. Seven Champions Christendom (new ed.) ii. ix. sig. I2^v Within a little while their horses began again to startle, & to be wonderfully afraid. 1732 London Mag. 1 240 Like Moon-blind horses are apt to startle at every object. 1788 G. M. Berkeley Harriet 27 in Heloise (ed. 3) II. One evening, as a young man..was passing through the village, his horse startled, and threw him. 1856 Reynolds's Misc. 9 Aug. 24/3 When a horse startles at anything, he is assured of safety by a lengthened wo-o-o. 1888 C. M. Doughty Trav. Arabia Deserta I. xxii. 609 I stood up to salute the Emir and his horse startled, seeing in the dusk my large white kerchief. 2002 A. Fuller Don't let's go to Dogs Tonight 279 The horses startle and bolt at her approach. e. Of the eyes: to bulge or goggle, as if about to burst from their sockets. Cf. start v. 4b(a). ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > eye > [verb (intransitive)] > by size, shape, etc. starta1393 sparkle1594 startle1600 settle1615 pop1680 fever1820 largen1844 bug1868 1600 J. Weever Faunus & Melliflora sig. I4^v And thence returne and guzzle off the Boule, Tills eies gan startle in his iobber noule. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 463 Now mine eyes begun to startle, my mouth to foame and froath, and my teeth to chatter. 1667 Third Advice in Second & Third Advice to Painter 24 Her hair began to creep, her Belly sound, Her Eyes to startle, with her Udder bound. 1792 D. Campbell Sacramental Medit. Sufferings & Death Christ iii. 63 With the violence of their strokes, they made him reel and stagger, they made his mouth, and nose, and face, to bleed, and his eyes to startle in his head. 1838 Virginia Free Press 11 Oct. 1/4 His eyes startled from their sockets. 1921 A. Lowell Legends v. 158 His eyes startle. 1997 J. Ryan Dismantling Mr Doyle v. 54 Suddenly he became a zealot, his eyes startling as he braced himself for what Eve sensed was going to be a key concept. f. intransitive. poetic. Of an inanimate thing: to move or change suddenly as if startled. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > sudden movement > make sudden movement [verb (intransitive)] > specifically of inanimate things jump1511 startle1812 1812 G. Crabbe Tales vii. 130 And sordid pictures from the fancy pass, As the breath startles from the polish'd glass. 1816 P. B. Shelley Alastor 33 The grass that sprung Startled and glanced and trembled even to feel An unaccustomed presence. 1888 J. R. Lowell Broken Tryst in Poems 5 If a dead leaf startle behind me, I think 'tis your garment's hem. 1997 A. Chatterjee Kubera Purana v. 182 The earth startles, the wind stops blowing, the sky becomes full of the gods who have thronged to see this terrible battle. 4. a. transitive. To cause (a person or animal) to undergo a sudden involuntary movement of the body, through surprise, alarm, etc.; to surprise greatly; to frighten, alarm (from or into an action, place, state, etc.). Formerly also: †to give offence to, shock (obsolete). Occasionally also intransitive. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > surprise, unexpectedness > surprise, astonish [verb (transitive)] gloppena1250 abavea1400 ferlya1400 forferlya1400 supprisec1405 stonish1488 surprend1549 stagger1556 thunderbolta1586 admire1598 startle1598 thunderstrike1613 siderate1623 dumbfound1653 surprise1655 stammer1656 strange1657 astartlea1680 dumbfounder1710 knock1715 to take aback1751 flabbergast1773 to take back1796 stagnate1829 to put aback1833 to make (a person) sit up1878 to knock, lay (out), etc., cold1884 transmogrify1887 rock1947 to flip out1964 the mind > mental capacity > expectation > surprise, unexpectedness > surprise, astonish [verb (transitive)] > startle startc1440 rouse1583 startle1598 jolt1872 jump1898 the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > state of being shocked > be shocked at [verb (transitive)] > shock startle1598 scandal1643 shock1656 scandalize1676 jar1789 rock1881 shake1943 traumatize1949 the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > causing physical symptoms > cause physical symptoms [verb (transitive)] > cause to start or flinch startc1440 abraid1590 startle1598 gally1608 surprise1655 upstartlea1849 to get, have or give (someone) a skrik1887 upstart1892 jump1898 1598 G. Chapman Blinde Begger of Alexandria sig. F3^v How now my Lords doth beauty startle you. 1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles xxi. 135 Thou little knowst howe thou doest startle me to call thy selfe Marina. View more context for this quotation ?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xvi. 437 His ruine startl'd th' other steeds. 1637 J. Milton Comus 8 These thoughts may startle well, but not astound The vertuous mind. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iii. 108 Not long after, he was arraigned again at the Kings Bench, the news whereof so startled the Clergie, that [etc.]. 1710 Tatler No. 257. ⁋2 I was startled with a Flourish of many Musical Instruments. 1740 G. Turnbull Princ. Christian Philos. II. i. 98 And when these and other like appearances happen..they do not startle philosophers. 1796 M. Robinson Hubert de Sevrac I. vi. 204 As she raised the paper near the light, a deep sigh, startled her from her purpose. 1817 J. Keats Poems 85 Where the deer's swift leap Startles the wild bee from the fox-glove bell. 1820 W. Irving Pride of Village in Sketch Bk. vi. 37 There was nothing in his advances to startle or alarm. 1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pelham II. v. 45 There was a..licentiousness in his opinions, which startled even me (used as I had been to rakes of all schools). a1894 R. L. Stevenson Weir of Hermiston (1896) i. 32 'Bethankit, no!' exclaimed the woman startled into a more natural tone. 1956 N.Y. Times 29 Apr. ii. 3/3 They continually startle the stagehands by their ‘method’ acting. 1984 K. Chase Eros & Psyche iii. 47 Jane Eyre after The Pickwick Papers creates an incongruity certain to startle. 2012 S. Townsend Woman who went to Bed for Year vii. 46 The cordless phone in its flimsy holder startled her with its high-pitched electronic chirp. b. transitive. figurative. To cause a sudden disturbance in an inanimate thing (as the air, the calm of night, a landscape, etc.). ΚΠ 1645 J. Milton L'Allegro in Poems 32 To hear the Lark..singing startle the dull night. 1823 C. Lamb Praise of Chimney-sweepers in Elia 259 Hundreds of grinning teeth startled the night with their brightness. 1863 T. Woolner My Beautiful Lady i. 22 Grateful, in her deep silence, one loud thrush Startled the air with song. 1908 N.Y. Times 13 Dec. 10/4 The short, sharp whistles of the liner calling a tug startled the water front. 1945 H. Corby Hampdens going Over 21 The pale wild roses star the banks of green And poignant poppies startle their fields with red. 1989 P. Ackroyd First Light iii. 129 The light from his headlamps swept across the valley in a sudden arc, and for a moment the landscape was startled into movement. †5. transitive. To rouse, stir, excite (a person's spirits, etc.). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > excitement > exciting > excite [verb (transitive)] astirc1000 stir?c1225 araisec1374 entalentc1374 flamec1380 reara1382 raisec1384 commove1393 kindlea1400 fluster1422 esmove1474 talent1486 heavec1540 erect?1555 inflame1560 to set on gog1560 yark1565 tickle1567 flesh1573 concitate1574 rouse1574 warmc1580 agitate1587 spirit1598 suscitate1598 fermentate1599 nettle1599 startle1602 worka1616 exagitate1621 foment1621 flush1633 exacuatea1637 ferment1667 to work up1681 pique1697 electrify1748 rattle1781 pump1791 to touch up1796 excite1821 to key up1835 to steam up1909 jazz1916 steam1922 volt1930 whee1949 to fire up1976 geek1984 1602 B. Jonson Poetaster iv. v. sig. H3^v What, doe we nod, fellow Gods? sound Musicke, and let vs startle our spirits with a song. View more context for this quotation 1626 H. Sydenham Moses & Aaron 24 If that Father be too calme and modest in his reproofe, and cannot rouze bloud in the cheekes of the delinquent: S. Ambrose shall startle it. 1657 Lusts Dominion i. iv. sig. B11^v Startle thy wonted spirits, awake thy soul. 1698 E. Warren Holy Mourner xxii. 280 They have touched us to the Quick, and pricked us to the Heart; they have startled our Spirits, and rowzed our Minds. 1779 R. Jephson Law of Lombardy ii. vii. 26 Deeds like this Shou'd startle every spirit of the grove. 1823 London Mag. Mar. 348/2 The singing, the muttered prayers..are all calculated to startle the spirits. †6. a. intransitive. To swerve; to deviate from a purpose. Cf. start v. 10. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > reverse or abandon one's purpose or intention [verb (transitive)] to fall from ——a1425 waivec1450 forthink1483 to leave up1523 unresolve1608 startle1612 betray1614 recant1648 recede1650 to turn round1808 to unmake one's mind1848 unwill1871 1612 J. Floyd Ouerthrow Protestants Pulpit-Babels ii. ii. 186 God himselfe doth rather require, that women, and vulgar people haue the eares of daughters..not to startle from the beaten way of the faith of their Ancestors, when they heare any doctrine preached they do not vnderstand. 1612 J. Floyd Ouerthrow Protestants Pulpit-Babels ii. ii. 186 Why do you reiect D. Heskins his Gentlewoman, that did both startle, and soone-say, reiecting the booke of Ecclesiasticus? a1644 F. Quarles Solomons Recantation (1645) Soliloquy viii. 42 Nay, Heaven and Hel May sooner startle from their Parallel. 1649 J. Milton Tenure of Kings 4 I shall..exhort them not to startle from the just and pious resolution of adhering with all their assistance to the present Parlament and Army. 1679 W. Thomas Apol. Church of Eng. 189 You start an Objection, and quickly startle from it, as willing to be rid of it. 1784 P. Wright New Bk. Martyrs iv. ii. 798/2 At Axminster one also was executed, his name Mr Rose;..he had great resolution, and not at all startled with the fear of death. b. transitive. To cause to waver; to shake or unsettle (a person, or a person's resolution, faith, etc.). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > doubt [verb (transitive)] > cause doubt branglea1600 forgive1600 stumble1607 uncertain1614 uncredit1615 disconceita1639 scruple1638 startle1643 stagger1646 unfix1650 inscruple1663 unhinge1719 unconvince1815 unsettle1833 to keep (a person) guessing1896 1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §21. 47 I have perused them all, and can discover nothing that may startle a discreet beliefe. View more context for this quotation 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 2 He explained the..Old Testament with so much advantage to our Faith..that I dare be bold to say, he startled and shook most of them. a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 64 It almost startles their Faith. 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. iv. 332 His known affections to the King's Service, from which it was not possible to remove or startle him. 1710 O. Sansom Acct. Life 52 When he saw them [sc. the Neighbours] flock in, he in his Rage (thinking to startle me) asked me before them, Whether [etc.]. Compounds † startle-brain n. Obsolete a thing which upsets the brain.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > [noun] > cause of > thing causing startle-braina1652 mindfucker1969 a1652 R. Brome Damoiselle i. i. sig. A4^v, in Five New Playes (1653) The care of Children's such a startle-braine. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1603adj.1440v.OE
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startlen.

† startleadj.

startlev.

Compounds