spretn.

Brit.

/sprɛt/, U.S.

/sprɛt/, Scottish English

/sprɛt/, Irish English

/sprɛt/

Inflections: Plural unchanged, sprets.

Forms:

α. Scottish pre-1700 1800s spreat, 1800s sprait, 1900s spraet, 1900s sprate, 1900s spruit.

β. 1700s–1800s sprett (Scottish), 1700s– spret.

γ. 1700s– sprit, 1800s– spritt Brit. /sprɪt/, U.S. /sprɪt/, Scottish English /sprɪt/ (Scottish).

Origin: Of uncertain origin.

Etymology: Origin uncertain. Variants of this words are apparently shown by sprat n.³ (and hence spart n.²) and probably also sprot n.² Perhaps (in γ. forms) < sprit v.¹ (and hence a doublet of sprit n.²); the range of variants shown (including sprot n.²) could conceivably be explained as a series of by-forms all ultimately derived from the same Germanic base as sprit v.¹ and sprout v.¹: compare sprit n.¹ and sprote n.¹ Eng. Dial. Dict. (1904) also records the metathesized forms spert and spirt in Scots. Compare spart n.²

Scottish and Irish English (northern). Now chiefly historical.

Any of various coarse grasses or rushes; esp. jointleaf rush, Juncus articulatus, which is native to Eurasia and North America. Also: a stalk or stem of such a plant.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > bent grass, rush, or sedge

sedgec1000

flaga1387

sniddlea1400

bentc1425

helm1640

marram1640

beach-grass1681

spreta1700

bent-grass1777

marsh grass1785

sea-grass1791

sedge-grass1847

sand grass1856

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > rush and related plants

rusheOE

sharp rushc1050

seave14..

junk?a1425

candle-rushc1440

rush1562

sea-rush1562

camel's-straw1578

mat-rush1578

sprot1595

frog grass1597

matweed1597

rush grass1597

sprata1600

spart1614

bumble1633

toad-grass1640

moss-rush1670

thresha1689

spreta1700

bog rush1760

black grassa1763

goose-corn1762

toad-rush1776

wood-rush1776

stool-bent1777

scrub-grass1811

beak-rush1830

salt-weed1836

wiwi1840

thread rush1861

three-leaved rush1861

kill-cow1898

α.

a1700 R. Lindsay Hist. Scotl. (Edinb. Dc.1.66) (modernized text) (1728) 146 The Floors [were] laid with green Scharets and Spreats, Medwarts and Flowers.

1802 J. Leyden Ld. Soulis in W. Scott Minstrelsy Sc. Border II. 349 And on the spot, where they boil'd the pot, The spreat and the deer-hair ne'er shall grow.

1837 Glasgow Courier in Boston (Lincs.) Herald 14 Feb. 4/2 The tenant of the farm..lately purchased a quantity of sprait, or coarse hay.

β. 1743 Sel. Trans. Soc. Improvers Knowl. Agric. Scotl. 100 The Grass of it is become very sour, full of Sprets.1777 J. Lightfoot Flora Scotica II. App. 1131 [Juncus articulatus] Sprett. Scot. aust.1794 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XIII. 583 On part of it grows a coarse kind of grass called sprett, which is cut by the farmers for hay.1808 Farmer's Mag. Mar. 81 By cutting sprets in the first week of July, they will make tolerable hay.1870 United Presbyterian Mag. May 199 All the houses received a fresh covering of rushes or sprett every year.1878 Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 8 452 The earliest plants that appear, which are known by the vernacular names of moss, ling, spret, &c.1906 W. Carnegie Pract. Game Preserving (ed. 3) xxv. 229 Unless the coop with the hen and chicks can be allocated a dry piece of turf near some small stream of water where the spret is abundant, but poor success may be expected.1984 D. Grumbach Ladies 23 In places where the goats have been left too long, the grass is yellow and limp, fogged over and full of sprets.2001 J. McGowan Echoes Savage Land (2006) vi. 180 The mounds of potatoes were left to dry and then thatched with a thick coat of rushes or rough grass (‘spret’) to repel the rain.γ. 1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 268 It becomes instantly filled with sprits, rushes and other aquatics.1807 Prize Ess. & Trans. Highland Soc. Scotl. 3 469 Bog ground is for the most part covered with sprit, of the smaller sort of which they make what they call bog hay.1808 W. Richardson in Communications to Board of Agric. VI. x. 120 In our cold, sour, moory bottoms, sprit seems its most formidable antagonist.1811 W. Aiton Gen. View Agric. Ayr xiv. 428 A cow..will neither fatten nor yield much milk, if she gets no better fare than rushes, spritts, bent, and sage grasses.1866 Chambers's Encycl. VIII. 373/2 Many marshy and boggy places abound in some of the species having leafy stems and the leaves jointed internally, popularly called Sprots or Sprits.1962 Agric. N. Ireland 37 82 Sprit is resistant to selective weedkillers.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

spretv.

Brit.

/sprɛt/, U.S.

/sprɛt/, Scottish English

/sprɛt/

Inflections: Past tense and past participle spret, spretted;

Forms: 1800s spraet (past tense), 1800s sprate (past tense), 1800s sprit, 1800s– spret, 1900s– sprett.

Origin: Probably a borrowing from Norn.

Etymology: Probably < the unattested Norn reflex of the early Scandinavian word represented by Old Icelandic spretta to make spring up, to unloose, to rip up (see sprent v.). Compare also sprit v.² (in later Orkney and Shetland use).

Scottish (chiefly Shetland and Orkney).

transitive. To tear, split, or burst (esp. a seam, etc.); to unravel. Frequently with down, up. Also intransitive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > tearing or tearing apart > tear [verb (transitive)] > tear apart

to-loukc890

to-braidc893

to-tearc893

to-teec893

to-rendc950

to-breakc1200

to-tugc1220

to-lima1225

rivea1250

to-drawa1250

to-tosea1250

drawa1300

rendc1300

to-rit13..

to-rivec1300

to-tusec1300

rakea1325

renta1325

to-pullc1330

to-tightc1330

tirec1374

halea1398

lacerate?a1425

to-renta1425

yryve1426

raga1450

to pull to (or in) piecesc1450

ravec1450

discerp1483

pluck1526

rip1530

decerp1531

rift1534

dilaniate1535

rochec1540

rack1549

teasea1550

berend1577

distract1585

ream1587

distrain1590

unrive1592

unseam1592

outrive1598

divulse1602

dilacerate1604

harrow1604

tatter1608

mammocka1616

uprentc1620

divell1628

divellicate1638

seam-rend1647

proscind1659

skail1768

screeda1785

spret1832

to tear to shreds1837

ribbon1897

the world > space > shape > curvature > coil > uncoiling or unwinding > uncoil or unwind [verb (transitive)] > untwine or untwist

untwinec1407

outtwinea1500

untwist1538

unknit1599

unravel1603

ravel1607

spret1832

1832 [implied in: A. Beattie Poems 217 To darn A spritted loop, or hingin' hair. (at Derivatives)].

a1838 T. Barclay Gloss. Shetland Words (NLS Adv. 22.5.2) Spret-up, to unstitch a seam..to untwist a rope.

1899 Shetland News 20 May She sprate doon a bit o' da kjot o' sock 'at she was gaein ta fit.

1929 H. Marwick Orkney Norn 176/2 The seam o' his breeks is spret up again.

1952 J. Hunter Taen wi da Trow 154 Da kishie sprett below da een.

1979 J. J. Graham Shetland Dict. 82/1 My Willy, du's' spret dee breeks agen.

1996 M. Flaws & G. Lamb Orkney Dict. 66/1 Mercy! Ah'm spret the seam o ma coat.

2007 M. Alterio Ribbons of Grace x. 138 She clicked her tongue as though she was angry. I clicked mine back. Next thing we were laughing fit to spret.

Derivatives

ˈspretted adj. (in form spritted) rare unravelled.

ΚΠ

1832 A. Beattie Poems 217 To darn A spritted loop, or hingin' hair.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	spret
释义	spretn. Brit. /sprɛt/, U.S. /sprɛt/, Scottish English /sprɛt/, Irish English /sprɛt/ Inflections: Plural unchanged, sprets. Forms: α. Scottish pre-1700 1800s spreat, 1800s sprait, 1900s spraet, 1900s sprate, 1900s spruit. β. 1700s–1800s sprett (Scottish), 1700s– spret. γ. 1700s– sprit, 1800s– spritt Brit. /sprɪt/, U.S. /sprɪt/, Scottish English /sprɪt/ (Scottish). Origin: Of uncertain origin. Etymology: Origin uncertain. Variants of this words are apparently shown by sprat n.³ (and hence spart n.²) and probably also sprot n.² Perhaps (in γ. forms) < sprit v.¹ (and hence a doublet of sprit n.²); the range of variants shown (including sprot n.²) could conceivably be explained as a series of by-forms all ultimately derived from the same Germanic base as sprit v.¹ and sprout v.¹: compare sprit n.¹ and sprote n.¹ Eng. Dial. Dict. (1904) also records the metathesized forms spert and spirt in Scots. Compare spart n.² Scottish and Irish English (northern). Now chiefly historical. Any of various coarse grasses or rushes; esp. jointleaf rush, Juncus articulatus, which is native to Eurasia and North America. Also: a stalk or stem of such a plant. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > bent grass, rush, or sedge sedgec1000 flaga1387 sniddlea1400 bentc1425 helm1640 marram1640 beach-grass1681 spreta1700 bent-grass1777 marsh grass1785 sea-grass1791 sedge-grass1847 sand grass1856 the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > rush and related plants rusheOE sharp rushc1050 seave14.. junk?a1425 candle-rushc1440 rush1562 sea-rush1562 camel's-straw1578 mat-rush1578 sprot1595 frog grass1597 matweed1597 rush grass1597 sprata1600 spart1614 bumble1633 toad-grass1640 moss-rush1670 thresha1689 spreta1700 bog rush1760 black grassa1763 goose-corn1762 toad-rush1776 wood-rush1776 stool-bent1777 scrub-grass1811 beak-rush1830 salt-weed1836 wiwi1840 thread rush1861 three-leaved rush1861 kill-cow1898 α. a1700 R. Lindsay Hist. Scotl. (Edinb. Dc.1.66) (modernized text) (1728) 146 The Floors [were] laid with green Scharets and Spreats, Medwarts and Flowers. 1802 J. Leyden Ld. Soulis in W. Scott Minstrelsy Sc. Border II. 349 And on the spot, where they boil'd the pot, The spreat and the deer-hair ne'er shall grow. 1837 Glasgow Courier in Boston (Lincs.) Herald 14 Feb. 4/2 The tenant of the farm..lately purchased a quantity of sprait, or coarse hay. β. 1743 Sel. Trans. Soc. Improvers Knowl. Agric. Scotl. 100 The Grass of it is become very sour, full of Sprets.1777 J. Lightfoot Flora Scotica II. App. 1131 [Juncus articulatus] Sprett. Scot. aust.1794 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XIII. 583 On part of it grows a coarse kind of grass called sprett, which is cut by the farmers for hay.1808 Farmer's Mag. Mar. 81 By cutting sprets in the first week of July, they will make tolerable hay.1870 United Presbyterian Mag. May 199 All the houses received a fresh covering of rushes or sprett every year.1878 Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 8 452 The earliest plants that appear, which are known by the vernacular names of moss, ling, spret, &c.1906 W. Carnegie Pract. Game Preserving (ed. 3) xxv. 229 Unless the coop with the hen and chicks can be allocated a dry piece of turf near some small stream of water where the spret is abundant, but poor success may be expected.1984 D. Grumbach Ladies 23 In places where the goats have been left too long, the grass is yellow and limp, fogged over and full of sprets.2001 J. McGowan Echoes Savage Land (2006) vi. 180 The mounds of potatoes were left to dry and then thatched with a thick coat of rushes or rough grass (‘spret’) to repel the rain.γ. 1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 268 It becomes instantly filled with sprits, rushes and other aquatics.1807 Prize Ess. & Trans. Highland Soc. Scotl. 3 469 Bog ground is for the most part covered with sprit, of the smaller sort of which they make what they call bog hay.1808 W. Richardson in Communications to Board of Agric. VI. x. 120 In our cold, sour, moory bottoms, sprit seems its most formidable antagonist.1811 W. Aiton Gen. View Agric. Ayr xiv. 428 A cow..will neither fatten nor yield much milk, if she gets no better fare than rushes, spritts, bent, and sage grasses.1866 Chambers's Encycl. VIII. 373/2 Many marshy and boggy places abound in some of the species having leafy stems and the leaves jointed internally, popularly called Sprots or Sprits.1962 Agric. N. Ireland 37 82 Sprit is resistant to selective weedkillers. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). spretv. Brit. /sprɛt/, U.S. /sprɛt/, Scottish English /sprɛt/ Inflections: Past tense and past participle spret, spretted; Forms: 1800s spraet (past tense), 1800s sprate (past tense), 1800s sprit, 1800s– spret, 1900s– sprett. Origin: Probably a borrowing from Norn. Etymology: Probably < the unattested Norn reflex of the early Scandinavian word represented by Old Icelandic spretta to make spring up, to unloose, to rip up (see sprent v.). Compare also sprit v.² (in later Orkney and Shetland use). Scottish (chiefly Shetland and Orkney). transitive. To tear, split, or burst (esp. a seam, etc.); to unravel. Frequently with down, up. Also intransitive. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > tearing or tearing apart > tear [verb (transitive)] > tear apart to-loukc890 to-braidc893 to-tearc893 to-teec893 to-rendc950 to-breakc1200 to-tugc1220 to-lima1225 rivea1250 to-drawa1250 to-tosea1250 drawa1300 rendc1300 to-rit13.. to-rivec1300 to-tusec1300 rakea1325 renta1325 to-pullc1330 to-tightc1330 tirec1374 halea1398 lacerate?a1425 to-renta1425 yryve1426 raga1450 to pull to (or in) piecesc1450 ravec1450 discerp1483 pluck1526 rip1530 decerp1531 rift1534 dilaniate1535 rochec1540 rack1549 teasea1550 berend1577 distract1585 ream1587 distrain1590 unrive1592 unseam1592 outrive1598 divulse1602 dilacerate1604 harrow1604 tatter1608 mammocka1616 uprentc1620 divell1628 divellicate1638 seam-rend1647 proscind1659 skail1768 screeda1785 spret1832 to tear to shreds1837 ribbon1897 the world > space > shape > curvature > coil > uncoiling or unwinding > uncoil or unwind [verb (transitive)] > untwine or untwist untwinec1407 outtwinea1500 untwist1538 unknit1599 unravel1603 ravel1607 spret1832 1832 [implied in: A. Beattie Poems 217 To darn A spritted loop, or hingin' hair. (at Derivatives)]. a1838 T. Barclay Gloss. Shetland Words (NLS Adv. 22.5.2) Spret-up, to unstitch a seam..to untwist a rope. 1899 Shetland News 20 May She sprate doon a bit o' da kjot o' sock 'at she was gaein ta fit. 1929 H. Marwick Orkney Norn 176/2 The seam o' his breeks is spret up again. 1952 J. Hunter Taen wi da Trow 154 Da kishie sprett below da een. 1979 J. J. Graham Shetland Dict. 82/1 My Willy, du's' spret dee breeks agen. 1996 M. Flaws & G. Lamb Orkney Dict. 66/1 Mercy! Ah'm spret the seam o ma coat. 2007 M. Alterio Ribbons of Grace x. 138 She clicked her tongue as though she was angry. I clicked mine back. Next thing we were laughing fit to spret. Derivatives ˈspretted adj. (in form spritted) rare unravelled. ΚΠ 1832 A. Beattie Poems 217 To darn A spritted loop, or hingin' hair. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1700v.1832
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