† sprengev.

Forms: 1. Present stem Old English sprængan, Old English sprængcan (in prefixed forms), Old English sprencgan, Old English sprengan, Old English sprengcan, Old English sprengcgan (in prefixed forms), Old English sprenst (2nd singular indicative), early Middle English spræng (imperative), early Middle English sprenȝ (imperative), Middle English spreenge, Middle English spreinge, Middle English sprenche, Middle English spreng, Middle English sprenge. 2. Past tense.

α. Old English sprencde (in prefixed forms), Old English sprengcde, Old English–Middle English sprengde, Middle English sprengd, Middle English sprengide, Middle English sprengþe, Middle English spreyngde, Middle English–1500s sprenged.

β. Middle English spraynde, Middle English spreinde, Middle English spreynd, Middle English spreynde, Middle English spreynt, Middle English spreynte, Middle English–1500s spreint.

γ. Middle English sprende, Middle English sprente, 1500s–1600s (1800s–1900s poetic) sprent; N.E.D. (1914) also records a form late Middle English sprent.

3. Past participle.

α. Old English gesprengd- (inflected form), Old English gesprenged, Old English gespringede (plural, probably transmission error), Old English sprænged (in prefixed forms (not ge-)), Old English sprengd- (inflected form, in prefixed forms (not ge-)), Middle English isprengd, Middle English isprengde, Middle English isprenged, Middle English sprengd, Middle English sprengde, Middle English sprengid, Middle English sprengide, Middle English sprengte, Middle English spreyngd, Middle English ysprengd, Middle English yspreynged, Middle English–1500s sprenged; N.E.D. (1914) also records the forms early Middle English ysprengde, late Middle English spreyngde.

β. Middle English ispreind, Middle English ispreinde, Middle English spreind, Middle English spreinde, Middle English spreined, Middle English spreyn (transmission error), Middle English spreynd, Middle English spreynde, Middle English spreyned, Middle English spreynede, Middle English spreynte, Middle English yspranid (transmission error), Middle English yspreint, Middle English yspreynd, Middle English–1500s spreynt, Middle English–1600s spreint, late Middle English spayned (transmission error), late Middle English spraynd, late Middle English spraynde, late Middle English sprayngd, late Middle English ypreynd (transmission error); N.E.D. (1914) also records a form late Middle English spreinte.

γ. late Middle English ysprined, late Middle English ysprynt.

δ. late Middle English isprend, late Middle English sprenct, late Middle English–1900s sprent, 1500s sprant, 1500s–1600s sprente; N.E.D. (1914) also records the forms Middle English sprende, late Middle English sprente.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian sprensza (West Frisian sprinzgje , East Frisian (Wangeroog) sprang , North Frisian sprēng ), Middle Dutch, Dutch sprengen , Old Saxon -sprengjan (in tisprengjan to shatter; Middle Low German sprengen ), Old High German sprengan (Middle High German, German sprengen ), Old Icelandic sprengja , Old Swedish sprängia (Swedish spränga ), Old Danish, Danish sprænge , a causative formation < the same Germanic base as spring v.¹ Compare bespreng v. Compare also later springe v.¹ (see note).In early use (in biblical or related Christian contexts) frequently used to translate classical Latin spargere to sprinkle, scatter (see sparse v. and compare spring v.¹) and its derivatives, especially aspergere to sprinkle or scatter on, in post-classical Latin also to purify (Vulgate: see asperge v.), conspergere to cover with small drops or particles, in post-classical Latin also to mix (ingredients into a dough) (Vulgate: see consperge v.), and respergere to sprinkle, splash, spatter (see resperse v.). Past tense and past participle forms. The past tense and past participle forms show a complex but regular development in Middle English, involving assimilation and simplification of the consonant cluster (compare Forms 2β. and 3β. ) and subsequent development of the resulting diphthong into a short vowel (compare Forms 2γ. and 3δ. ). (See R. Jordan Handb. der mittelenglischen Grammatik (ed. 2, 1934) §103.) Some association is also possible with (unrelated) sprent v. (especially sense 2b at that entry) and sprent n.² Compare also besprent adj. Compare further Old Frisian sprengt , springt , used with reference to cloth that has been sprinkled with something (part of speech uncertain, but apparently a use as adjective or noun of the past participle of sprensza ). Post-medieval developments. From the 16th cent. onwards the word is only attested in the past tense and past participle, which by this time only rarely appear in forms with ng (compare sprenged at Forms 2α. and 3α. ). The present stem is apparently continued later by the rare springe v.¹, which apparently shows the same formal development as springe n. Prefixed forms in Old English. In Old English the (rare) prefixed form gesprengan to sprinkle (liquid) (compare y- prefix) is also attested; compare also asprengan to cause to spring, to send (a person) flying (compare a- prefix¹), besprengan bespreng v., geondsprengan to scatter over or through, sprinkle (compare yond prep.).

Obsolete.

In later use only in the past tense or as past participle in the form sprent. Cf. also sprent adj.

a. transitive. To sprinkle (water, blood, or other liquid). literary or poetic in later use.In quot. OE intransitive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of sprinkling > sprinkle liquid or something with liquid [verb (transitive)] > sprinkle liquid

sprengeOE

springa1387

berainc1420

twirl1763

sprint1855

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] > sprinkle

warpc1000

sprengeOE

strenkc1175

springa1387

bespring1387

sprinkc1390

sprinklea1400

strinklec1400

springle?a1425

sprinkle?a1425

sprainc1440

bespreng1496

oversprinkle?1548

overstrew1570

besprent1573

insperse1587

insperge1599

asperse1607

besprink1609

disparple?1615

spark1637

swiggle1683

twirl1763

sparkle1787

bespatter1813

spray1829

OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Lev. (Claud.) iv. 17 Nime se sacerd his blod, & dyppe his finger þæron & sprenge [L. tincto digito aspergens] seofon syðon on þæt wahrift.

lOE Laws: Ordal (Rochester) iv. §1. 386 Sprænge se mæssepreost haligwæter ofer hig ealle.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. lxiii. 3 Sprengd [L. aspersus] is the blod of hem vp on my clothis.

c1410 (c1350) Gamelyn (Harl. 7334) l. 503 Gamelyn sprengeþ holywater wiþ an oken spire.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. l. 3668 For she sawe blood spreint so cruelly On hir lordis dredful garnement.

a1550 in R. Dyboski Songs, Carols & Other Misc. Poems (1908) 69 The blode..Was sprente on þe people.

1591 R. Wilmot Tancred & Gismund v. i. sig. G3 The bloud..Sprent on his corps, and on his paled face.

1655 R. Fanshawe tr. L. de Camoens Lusiad i. xli. 9 The pow'rful Father..over All his holy Nectar sprent.

1839 G. Beddow Miracles in Egypt 48 Israel's Elders came, And with the hyssop branch had duly sprent The blood of lambs around the humble frame.

1883 G. Barlow Actor's Reminisc. 44 His sacred blood (Too sacred for this fatuous sort of thing!) Was sprent upon it.

1906 O. F. Adams Sicut Patribus 45 They dashed their heads 'gainst the pillars till blood was sprent over the space.

b. transitive. To scatter; to distribute randomly or irregularly; to disperse; to spread abroad. Frequently in passive. Also intransitive in early use. literary or poetic in later use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] > scatter broadcast

shedc1000

sprengeOE

discatterc1330

shatterc1330

sowa1387

spilla1400

shadec1425

sparklec1440

scatter?c1450

distribute?c1510

sparse?1550

to cast seed1577

bescatter1859

to sow, scatter, throw, etc. broadcast1874

OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxv. 24 Þu ripst þær ðu ne seowe & gaderast þær ðu ne sprengdest [L. sparsisti].

c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 49 Witeð to soðe þet eauer se þes wittes beoð mare isprengde [a1250 Nero ispreinde] utward se ha leasse wendeð inward.

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 2542 Misbileue in to al þis lond among men was ysprengd.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Eccles. iii. 5 Time of sprenging abrod stones, and time of gadering togidere.

c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1311 A fewe fraknes in his face yspreynd.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Matt. x. 14 Who euere resseyueth not ȝou, nethir herith ȝoure wordis, go ȝe fro that hous or citee, and sprenge of [E.V. c1384 Douce 369(2) smytith awey; L. excutite] the dust of ȝoure feet.

a1500 Agnus Castus (Laud) (1950) 199 (MED) Þe seed of þis herbe..made in-to pouder and y-spreynged in-to eny wounde, hit schal hele hure.

1646 H. More Democritus Platonissans 13 What then shall hinder but a roscid aire With gentle heat each where be 'sperst and sprent.

1834 Ld. Houghton Mem. Many Scenes (1844) 30 The diligent flock Tracks out the scant grass that is sprent on the rock.

1855 R. C. Singleton tr. Virgil Aeneid iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. I. 316 Snowy Paros, and, sprent o'er the main, The Cyclades.

1902 J. Payne Poet. Wks. I. 89 The strange baleful scent That from the herbs was sprent.

c. transitive. In passive. Of a person: to be brought into being. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > in other specific ways

sprengec1300

weavec1420

unwomb1594

coagulate1633

texture1694

to strike out1720

to strike out1735

transcreatea1834

peel1885

c1300 St. Michael (Laud) l. 700 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 319 A swyþe foul þing is þat sed of ȝwan Man is i-spreind [Harl. that man is mid i-sprenged].

d. transitive. To mix together; to blend.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > mix or blend [verb (transitive)]

mingeOE

blandOE

mongle?c1225

meddlec1350

sprengea1382

compoundc1384

intermeddlec1384

temperc1386

mell1387

found?c1390

joinc1400

intermell1413

commix?a1425

medley?a1425

mix?a1425

amenge?c1450

immix?a1475

immixt?a1475

minglea1475

tremp1480

commixt1481

incarry1486

mixtionc1500

mixta1513

demelle1516

confect1540

intermixt1551

intermingle1555

bemix1559

intermix1562

contemper1567

blenge1570

bemingle1574

contemperate1590

masha1591

commeddle1604

immingle1606

blenda1616

intemper1627

commingle1648

conferment1651

subigate1657

to mix up1672

mould1701

meine1736

caudle1795

combine1799

interblenda1849

inmix1892

meld1936

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Jer. vii. 18 Wymmen sprenge togidere talwȝ [L. conspergunt adipem], þat þei make swete cakis to þe qween of heuene.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Num. xxix. 14 Ȝe schulen offre thre tenthe partis of flour spreynt togidere [L. conspersae] with oile bi ech calf.

a. transitive. Chiefly with with. To sprinkle (a person or thing) with water, blood, or other liquid. Also figurative. literary or poetic in later use.intransitive in quot. c1380.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of sprinkling > sprinkle liquid or something with liquid [verb (transitive)] > sprinkle something with liquid > a person or thing

sprengeOE

springa1325

OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Exod. (Claud.) xxix. 21 Þonne ðu nimst of ðam blode.., & of ðam smyringcele, þu sprængst [L. asperges] Aaron & his reaf.

a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 83 (MED) Spræng me mid tare ysope of ðare holi rode.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 16 Hwen ne ȝe beoð al greiðe. sprenget ou mid haliwater.

c1300 St. Patrick's Purgatory (Laud) 94 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 202 Þe prior spreinde [a1350 Ashm. sprende] him with holi water.

c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) l. 8 Þou sprengest [c1400 Trin. Dublin sprenged] me, Lord, wyþ þy mercy.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3291 Þer-wiþ sche mellede vynegre anon..þar þat fyr was setled on þe walle oueral þer-with sche spreynte.

1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) xvii. vii. sig. Sv A grete company of angels..took water whiche was broughte by an angel..and sprente alle the shyp.

1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) ix. vi. sig. yv^v/1 By nyghte he [sc. somer] bredyth dewe..and sprengyth therwyth grasse & herbes.

1578 T. Proctor Gorgious Gallery sig. Diiii For fate..My youthly yeares with teares hath sprent.

1591 E. Spenser Muiopotmos in Complaints sig. V3 Ne may thee helpe the manie hartie vow, Which thy olde Sire with sacred pietie Hath powred forth for thee, and th'altars sprent.

a1824 E. Cobbold Poems (1825) 41 Down the cavern steep She rush'd, and dashing 'gainst its rugged sides Sprent its dark cliffs with gore.

1906 C. M. Doughty Dawn in Brit. II. 51 Gauls..Slew Pythius' priests; and sprent his marble floor, With purple blood.

b. transitive. figurative. To cleanse or purify (the heart) as if by washing. Cf. sprinkle v.² 3.In translations of Hebrews 10:22.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > wash [verb (transitive)] > wash by sprinkling

sprengec1384

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Heb. x. 22 We spreynt [a1425 Christ Church Oxf. sprengd; L. aspersi] the hertis fro yuel conscience,..holde the confessioun of oure hope. [a1425 L.V. Be oure hertis spreined fro an yuel conscience.]

c1400 Prose Versions New Test.: Hebr. (Selwyn) (1904) x. 22 (MED) Come we to hym wiþ a trewe herte in fulnesse of bylefe, & sprenge we oure hertes from an efel conscyence.

a1425 (a1400) Northern Pauline Epist. (1916) Heb. x. 22 (MED) Neghe wee with a verrey herte in þe fulnesse of þe feith, wee, sprengd þe hertys fro þe euyl conscyence.

3. transitive (in passive). to be sprent with.In later use passing into adjective: see sprent adj.

a. To be speckled or spotted with (a particular colour or colours); to be covered with (spots). Cf. sprent adj. 3a.

ΚΠ

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. xxx. 39 Þe schepe shulden..bern spotty & speckyd and spreynd [L. respersa] with dyuerse colour .

1552 in Surrey Archæol. Coll. (1869) 4 88 A vestment of blewe velvyt with a crosse of redde velvyt sprenged with gold.

?1562 Thersytes sig. D.ii^v The spere of spanysshe spylbery sprente w^t spiteful spottes.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. xii. sig. Aa5 Other where the snowy substaunce [was] sprent With vermell.

b. figurative. To be strewn with, full of, or covered with. Cf. sprent adj. 2.In quot. c1475 with reference to speaking words intended to please.

ΚΠ

?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) ii. pr. iv. l. 1102 Þe swetnesse of mannes welefulnesse is yspranid [read yspraind; L. respersa] wiþ many [emended in ed. to manye] bitternesses.

c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Order of Fools (Laud) in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 450 Tonge spreynt with sugre, þe galle kept secre.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iv. i. 43 Quhar that our hous with broderis deid wes sprent.

c. To be sprinkled or spattered with (blood, tears, etc.). Cf. sprent adj. 1b.

ΚΠ

c1430 N. Love Mirror Blessed Life (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 265 The crosse of oure lorde, that was than spreyned with his preciouse..blood.

1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) vi. 25 The gentyl mayde..ful sprenct wyth grete teerys.

a1554 J. Croke tr. Thirteen Psalms (1844) vi. 6 My bed with tears is over sprent.

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. ii. sig. B5^v Streames of bloud did rayle Adowne,..That all the ground with purple bloud was sprent .

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. iv. 149 Being spreint with his bloud thus slaine.

a1618 J. Sylvester tr. G. Fracastoro Maidens Blush (1620) sig. B7^v Hee teares his hoary haire, With Ashes sprent.

1762 J. Scott Hymn to Repentance 7 Oh come with Ashes sprent, in Sackcloth drest, And wring thy piteous hands.

1778 J. Bampfylde Sixteen Sonnets 1 Pale Winter lights the social fire, And meads with slime are sprent and ways with mire.

Derivatives

sprenged adj. (of flour or meal) mixed into a dough; cf. sense 1d.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of sprinkling > [adjective] > about

sprengeda1382

dabbled1605

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > [adjective] > sprinkled

snewed1300

sprengeda1382

strinkledc1440

sprinkled1557

spattered1647

insprinkled1671

insperged1683

shaken1725

spluttery1866

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Exod. xii. 34 Þanne þe puple tok sprengid melu [a1425 L.V. meele spreynd to gidere; L. conspersam farinam] er it were sourid.

sprenging n. sprinkling. [After post-classical Latin conspersio and aspersio , both in sense ‘act of sprinkling’ (see conspersion n. and aspersion n.).]

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of sprinkling > [noun]

sprengingOE

springinga1382

sprinklingc1400

arrousement1483

sprinkle1575

sparging1836

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > [noun] > scattering in small particles or sprinkling

sprengingOE

sprengea1350

springinga1382

bespringing1398

sprinklingc1400

sprainture1481

springling?1549

inspersion1568

conspersionc1572

sprinkle1575

respersion1635

spargefaction1704

spargefication1834

sprayinga1884

OE Regularis Concordia (Tiber.) (1993) xxiii. 38 Mox accedant ad consecrationem conspersionis : sona genealæcean to halgunge sprengincge.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Num. xix. 9 Þei been to þe multitude..into water of sprengynge [L. in aquam aspersionis].

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Royal) (1850) 1 Pet. i. 2 In to halewinge of the spirit, in to obedience, and sprengynge [L. aspersionem] of the blood of Jhesu Crist, grace and pees to ȝou be multiplied.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	sprenge
释义	† sprengen. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: sprenge v. Etymology: < sprenge v. Compare earlier sprenging n. at sprenge v. Derivatives and also springing n.¹ 12.Compare Old English spring , in the same sense (see spring n.¹). Obsolete. A sprinkling; the action of sprinkling.figurative in quots. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > [noun] > scattering in small particles or sprinkling sprengingOE sprengea1350 springinga1382 bespringing1398 sprinklingc1400 sprainture1481 springling?1549 inspersion1568 conspersionc1572 sprinkle1575 respersion1635 spargefaction1704 spargefication1834 sprayinga1884 a1350 in K. Böddeker Altengl. Dichtungen (1878) 201 Þy loue sprenges tacheþ me. a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) II. 287 Sprenge [c1425 Douce spryngynge] of salt on þis flour is wisdom þat man haþ to serve God in clennesse. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † sprengev. Forms: 1. Present stem Old English sprængan, Old English sprængcan (in prefixed forms), Old English sprencgan, Old English sprengan, Old English sprengcan, Old English sprengcgan (in prefixed forms), Old English sprenst (2nd singular indicative), early Middle English spræng (imperative), early Middle English sprenȝ (imperative), Middle English spreenge, Middle English spreinge, Middle English sprenche, Middle English spreng, Middle English sprenge. 2. Past tense. α. Old English sprencde (in prefixed forms), Old English sprengcde, Old English–Middle English sprengde, Middle English sprengd, Middle English sprengide, Middle English sprengþe, Middle English spreyngde, Middle English–1500s sprenged. β. Middle English spraynde, Middle English spreinde, Middle English spreynd, Middle English spreynde, Middle English spreynt, Middle English spreynte, Middle English–1500s spreint. γ. Middle English sprende, Middle English sprente, 1500s–1600s (1800s–1900s poetic) sprent; N.E.D. (1914) also records a form late Middle English sprent. 3. Past participle. α. Old English gesprengd- (inflected form), Old English gesprenged, Old English gespringede (plural, probably transmission error), Old English sprænged (in prefixed forms (not ge-)), Old English sprengd- (inflected form, in prefixed forms (not ge-)), Middle English isprengd, Middle English isprengde, Middle English isprenged, Middle English sprengd, Middle English sprengde, Middle English sprengid, Middle English sprengide, Middle English sprengte, Middle English spreyngd, Middle English ysprengd, Middle English yspreynged, Middle English–1500s sprenged; N.E.D. (1914) also records the forms early Middle English ysprengde, late Middle English spreyngde. β. Middle English ispreind, Middle English ispreinde, Middle English spreind, Middle English spreinde, Middle English spreined, Middle English spreyn (transmission error), Middle English spreynd, Middle English spreynde, Middle English spreyned, Middle English spreynede, Middle English spreynte, Middle English yspranid (transmission error), Middle English yspreint, Middle English yspreynd, Middle English–1500s spreynt, Middle English–1600s spreint, late Middle English spayned (transmission error), late Middle English spraynd, late Middle English spraynde, late Middle English sprayngd, late Middle English ypreynd (transmission error); N.E.D. (1914) also records a form late Middle English spreinte. γ. late Middle English ysprined, late Middle English ysprynt. δ. late Middle English isprend, late Middle English sprenct, late Middle English–1900s sprent, 1500s sprant, 1500s–1600s sprente; N.E.D. (1914) also records the forms Middle English sprende, late Middle English sprente. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian sprensza (West Frisian sprinzgje , East Frisian (Wangeroog) sprang , North Frisian sprēng ), Middle Dutch, Dutch sprengen , Old Saxon -sprengjan (in tisprengjan to shatter; Middle Low German sprengen ), Old High German sprengan (Middle High German, German sprengen ), Old Icelandic sprengja , Old Swedish sprängia (Swedish spränga ), Old Danish, Danish sprænge , a causative formation < the same Germanic base as spring v.¹ Compare bespreng v. Compare also later springe v.¹ (see note).In early use (in biblical or related Christian contexts) frequently used to translate classical Latin spargere to sprinkle, scatter (see sparse v. and compare spring v.¹) and its derivatives, especially aspergere to sprinkle or scatter on, in post-classical Latin also to purify (Vulgate: see asperge v.), conspergere to cover with small drops or particles, in post-classical Latin also to mix (ingredients into a dough) (Vulgate: see consperge v.), and respergere to sprinkle, splash, spatter (see resperse v.). Past tense and past participle forms. The past tense and past participle forms show a complex but regular development in Middle English, involving assimilation and simplification of the consonant cluster (compare Forms 2β. and 3β. ) and subsequent development of the resulting diphthong into a short vowel (compare Forms 2γ. and 3δ. ). (See R. Jordan Handb. der mittelenglischen Grammatik (ed. 2, 1934) §103.) Some association is also possible with (unrelated) sprent v. (especially sense 2b at that entry) and sprent n.² Compare also besprent adj. Compare further Old Frisian sprengt , springt , used with reference to cloth that has been sprinkled with something (part of speech uncertain, but apparently a use as adjective or noun of the past participle of sprensza ). Post-medieval developments. From the 16th cent. onwards the word is only attested in the past tense and past participle, which by this time only rarely appear in forms with ng (compare sprenged at Forms 2α. and 3α. ). The present stem is apparently continued later by the rare springe v.¹, which apparently shows the same formal development as springe n. Prefixed forms in Old English. In Old English the (rare) prefixed form gesprengan to sprinkle (liquid) (compare y- prefix) is also attested; compare also asprengan to cause to spring, to send (a person) flying (compare a- prefix¹), besprengan bespreng v., geondsprengan to scatter over or through, sprinkle (compare yond prep.). Obsolete. In later use only in the past tense or as past participle in the form sprent. Cf. also sprent adj. 1. a. transitive. To sprinkle (water, blood, or other liquid). literary or poetic in later use.In quot. OE intransitive. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of sprinkling > sprinkle liquid or something with liquid [verb (transitive)] > sprinkle liquid sprengeOE springa1387 berainc1420 twirl1763 sprint1855 the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] > sprinkle warpc1000 sprengeOE strenkc1175 springa1387 bespring1387 sprinkc1390 sprinklea1400 strinklec1400 springle?a1425 sprinkle?a1425 sprainc1440 bespreng1496 oversprinkle?1548 overstrew1570 besprent1573 insperse1587 insperge1599 asperse1607 besprink1609 disparple?1615 spark1637 swiggle1683 twirl1763 sparkle1787 bespatter1813 spray1829 OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Lev. (Claud.) iv. 17 Nime se sacerd his blod, & dyppe his finger þæron & sprenge [L. tincto digito aspergens] seofon syðon on þæt wahrift. lOE Laws: Ordal (Rochester) iv. §1. 386 Sprænge se mæssepreost haligwæter ofer hig ealle. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. lxiii. 3 Sprengd [L. aspersus] is the blod of hem vp on my clothis. c1410 (c1350) Gamelyn (Harl. 7334) l. 503 Gamelyn sprengeþ holywater wiþ an oken spire. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. l. 3668 For she sawe blood spreint so cruelly On hir lordis dredful garnement. a1550 in R. Dyboski Songs, Carols & Other Misc. Poems (1908) 69 The blode..Was sprente on þe people. 1591 R. Wilmot Tancred & Gismund v. i. sig. G3 The bloud..Sprent on his corps, and on his paled face. 1655 R. Fanshawe tr. L. de Camoens Lusiad i. xli. 9 The pow'rful Father..over All his holy Nectar sprent. 1839 G. Beddow Miracles in Egypt 48 Israel's Elders came, And with the hyssop branch had duly sprent The blood of lambs around the humble frame. 1883 G. Barlow Actor's Reminisc. 44 His sacred blood (Too sacred for this fatuous sort of thing!) Was sprent upon it. 1906 O. F. Adams Sicut Patribus 45 They dashed their heads 'gainst the pillars till blood was sprent over the space. b. transitive. To scatter; to distribute randomly or irregularly; to disperse; to spread abroad. Frequently in passive. Also intransitive in early use. literary or poetic in later use. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] > scatter broadcast shedc1000 sprengeOE discatterc1330 shatterc1330 sowa1387 spilla1400 shadec1425 sparklec1440 scatter?c1450 distribute?c1510 sparse?1550 to cast seed1577 bescatter1859 to sow, scatter, throw, etc. broadcast1874 OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxv. 24 Þu ripst þær ðu ne seowe & gaderast þær ðu ne sprengdest [L. sparsisti]. c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 49 Witeð to soðe þet eauer se þes wittes beoð mare isprengde [a1250 Nero ispreinde] utward se ha leasse wendeð inward. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 2542 Misbileue in to al þis lond among men was ysprengd. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Eccles. iii. 5 Time of sprenging abrod stones, and time of gadering togidere. c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1311 A fewe fraknes in his face yspreynd. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Matt. x. 14 Who euere resseyueth not ȝou, nethir herith ȝoure wordis, go ȝe fro that hous or citee, and sprenge of [E.V. c1384 Douce 369(2) smytith awey; L. excutite] the dust of ȝoure feet. a1500 Agnus Castus (Laud) (1950) 199 (MED) Þe seed of þis herbe..made in-to pouder and y-spreynged in-to eny wounde, hit schal hele hure. 1646 H. More Democritus Platonissans 13 What then shall hinder but a roscid aire With gentle heat each where be 'sperst and sprent. 1834 Ld. Houghton Mem. Many Scenes (1844) 30 The diligent flock Tracks out the scant grass that is sprent on the rock. 1855 R. C. Singleton tr. Virgil Aeneid iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. I. 316 Snowy Paros, and, sprent o'er the main, The Cyclades. 1902 J. Payne Poet. Wks. I. 89 The strange baleful scent That from the herbs was sprent. c. transitive. In passive. Of a person: to be brought into being. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > in other specific ways sprengec1300 weavec1420 unwomb1594 coagulate1633 texture1694 to strike out1720 to strike out1735 transcreatea1834 peel1885 c1300 St. Michael (Laud) l. 700 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 319 A swyþe foul þing is þat sed of ȝwan Man is i-spreind [Harl. that man is mid i-sprenged]. d. transitive. To mix together; to blend. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > mix or blend [verb (transitive)] mingeOE blandOE mongle?c1225 meddlec1350 sprengea1382 compoundc1384 intermeddlec1384 temperc1386 mell1387 found?c1390 joinc1400 intermell1413 commix?a1425 medley?a1425 mix?a1425 amenge?c1450 immix?a1475 immixt?a1475 minglea1475 tremp1480 commixt1481 incarry1486 mixtionc1500 mixta1513 demelle1516 confect1540 intermixt1551 intermingle1555 bemix1559 intermix1562 contemper1567 blenge1570 bemingle1574 contemperate1590 masha1591 commeddle1604 immingle1606 blenda1616 intemper1627 commingle1648 conferment1651 subigate1657 to mix up1672 mould1701 meine1736 caudle1795 combine1799 interblenda1849 inmix1892 meld1936 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Jer. vii. 18 Wymmen sprenge togidere talwȝ [L. conspergunt adipem], þat þei make swete cakis to þe qween of heuene. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Num. xxix. 14 Ȝe schulen offre thre tenthe partis of flour spreynt togidere [L. conspersae] with oile bi ech calf. 2. a. transitive. Chiefly with with. To sprinkle (a person or thing) with water, blood, or other liquid. Also figurative. literary or poetic in later use.intransitive in quot. c1380. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of sprinkling > sprinkle liquid or something with liquid [verb (transitive)] > sprinkle something with liquid > a person or thing sprengeOE springa1325 OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Exod. (Claud.) xxix. 21 Þonne ðu nimst of ðam blode.., & of ðam smyringcele, þu sprængst [L. asperges] Aaron & his reaf. a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 83 (MED) Spræng me mid tare ysope of ðare holi rode. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 16 Hwen ne ȝe beoð al greiðe. sprenget ou mid haliwater. c1300 St. Patrick's Purgatory (Laud) 94 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 202 Þe prior spreinde [a1350 Ashm. sprende] him with holi water. c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) l. 8 Þou sprengest [c1400 Trin. Dublin sprenged] me, Lord, wyþ þy mercy. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3291 Þer-wiþ sche mellede vynegre anon..þar þat fyr was setled on þe walle oueral þer-with sche spreynte. 1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) xvii. vii. sig. Sv A grete company of angels..took water whiche was broughte by an angel..and sprente alle the shyp. 1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) ix. vi. sig. yv^v/1 By nyghte he [sc. somer] bredyth dewe..and sprengyth therwyth grasse & herbes. 1578 T. Proctor Gorgious Gallery sig. Diiii For fate..My youthly yeares with teares hath sprent. 1591 E. Spenser Muiopotmos in Complaints sig. V3 Ne may thee helpe the manie hartie vow, Which thy olde Sire with sacred pietie Hath powred forth for thee, and th'altars sprent. a1824 E. Cobbold Poems (1825) 41 Down the cavern steep She rush'd, and dashing 'gainst its rugged sides Sprent its dark cliffs with gore. 1906 C. M. Doughty Dawn in Brit. II. 51 Gauls..Slew Pythius' priests; and sprent his marble floor, With purple blood. b. transitive. figurative. To cleanse or purify (the heart) as if by washing. Cf. sprinkle v.² 3.In translations of Hebrews 10:22. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > wash [verb (transitive)] > wash by sprinkling sprengec1384 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Heb. x. 22 We spreynt [a1425 Christ Church Oxf. sprengd; L. aspersi] the hertis fro yuel conscience,..holde the confessioun of oure hope. [a1425 L.V. Be oure hertis spreined fro an yuel conscience.] c1400 Prose Versions New Test.: Hebr. (Selwyn) (1904) x. 22 (MED) Come we to hym wiþ a trewe herte in fulnesse of bylefe, & sprenge we oure hertes from an efel conscyence. a1425 (a1400) Northern Pauline Epist. (1916) Heb. x. 22 (MED) Neghe wee with a verrey herte in þe fulnesse of þe feith, wee, sprengd þe hertys fro þe euyl conscyence. 3. transitive (in passive). to be sprent with.In later use passing into adjective: see sprent adj. a. To be speckled or spotted with (a particular colour or colours); to be covered with (spots). Cf. sprent adj. 3a. ΚΠ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. xxx. 39 Þe schepe shulden..bern spotty & speckyd and spreynd [L. respersa] with dyuerse colour . 1552 in Surrey Archæol. Coll. (1869) 4 88 A vestment of blewe velvyt with a crosse of redde velvyt sprenged with gold. ?1562 Thersytes sig. D.ii^v The spere of spanysshe spylbery sprente w^t spiteful spottes. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. xii. sig. Aa5 Other where the snowy substaunce [was] sprent With vermell. b. figurative. To be strewn with, full of, or covered with. Cf. sprent adj. 2.In quot. c1475 with reference to speaking words intended to please. ΚΠ ?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) ii. pr. iv. l. 1102 Þe swetnesse of mannes welefulnesse is yspranid [read yspraind; L. respersa] wiþ many [emended in ed. to manye] bitternesses. c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Order of Fools (Laud) in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 450 Tonge spreynt with sugre, þe galle kept secre. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iv. i. 43 Quhar that our hous with broderis deid wes sprent. c. To be sprinkled or spattered with (blood, tears, etc.). Cf. sprent adj. 1b. ΚΠ c1430 N. Love Mirror Blessed Life (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 265 The crosse of oure lorde, that was than spreyned with his preciouse..blood. 1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) vi. 25 The gentyl mayde..ful sprenct wyth grete teerys. a1554 J. Croke tr. Thirteen Psalms (1844) vi. 6 My bed with tears is over sprent. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. ii. sig. B5^v Streames of bloud did rayle Adowne,..That all the ground with purple bloud was sprent . View more context for this quotation 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. iv. 149 Being spreint with his bloud thus slaine. a1618 J. Sylvester tr. G. Fracastoro Maidens Blush (1620) sig. B7^v Hee teares his hoary haire, With Ashes sprent. 1762 J. Scott Hymn to Repentance 7 Oh come with Ashes sprent, in Sackcloth drest, And wring thy piteous hands. 1778 J. Bampfylde Sixteen Sonnets 1 Pale Winter lights the social fire, And meads with slime are sprent and ways with mire. Derivatives sprenged adj. (of flour or meal) mixed into a dough; cf. sense 1d. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of sprinkling > [adjective] > about sprengeda1382 dabbled1605 the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > [adjective] > sprinkled snewed1300 sprengeda1382 strinkledc1440 sprinkled1557 spattered1647 insprinkled1671 insperged1683 shaken1725 spluttery1866 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Exod. xii. 34 Þanne þe puple tok sprengid melu [a1425 L.V. meele spreynd to gidere; L. conspersam farinam] er it were sourid. sprenging n. sprinkling. [After post-classical Latin conspersio and aspersio , both in sense ‘act of sprinkling’ (see conspersion n. and aspersion n.).] ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of sprinkling > [noun] sprengingOE springinga1382 sprinklingc1400 arrousement1483 sprinkle1575 sparging1836 the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > [noun] > scattering in small particles or sprinkling sprengingOE sprengea1350 springinga1382 bespringing1398 sprinklingc1400 sprainture1481 springling?1549 inspersion1568 conspersionc1572 sprinkle1575 respersion1635 spargefaction1704 spargefication1834 sprayinga1884 OE Regularis Concordia (Tiber.) (1993) xxiii. 38 Mox accedant ad consecrationem conspersionis : sona genealæcean to halgunge sprengincge. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Num. xix. 9 Þei been to þe multitude..into water of sprengynge [L. in aquam aspersionis]. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Royal) (1850) 1 Pet. i. 2 In to halewinge of the spirit, in to obedience, and sprengynge [L. aspersionem] of the blood of Jhesu Crist, grace and pees to ȝou be multiplied. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1350v.OE
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† sprengen.

† sprengev.

Derivatives