spiritus aspern.

Brit.

/ˌspɪrᵻtəs ˈaspə/,

/ˌspɪrᵻtʊs ˈaspɛː/, U.S.

/ˌspɪrədəs ˈæspər/,

/ˌspɪrəˌtʊs ˈæspɛr/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin spiritus asper.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin spiritus asper (5th or 6th cent. in Priscian) < classical Latin spīritus breath, aspiration, spirit (see spirit n.) + asper (see asper n.¹), after Hellenistic Greek πνεῦμα δασύ . Compare earlier spiritus lenis n. and later rough breathing at rough adj. 16b.

An aspirated sound or letter; the diacritic (῾) used in polytonic Greek orthography to show that a letter (typically an initial vowel or rho) is aspirated; a rough breathing (cf. breathing n. 9). Hence (occasionally): this symbol or another used similarly in writing another language.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [adjective] > aspirate

spiritus asper1649

aspirated1668

incrassated1668

spiritous1668

aspirate1669

spirital1669

spirited1670

rough1696

society > communication > writing > written character > [noun] > written character not a letter > diacritic > types of > in Greek

spirit1612

spiritus asper1649

breathing1696

diastole1704

1649 C. Raue Gen. Grammer in Disc. Orientall Tongues (new ed.) 104 A simple e..cald by the Grecians the spiritus lenis and he the spiritus asper.

1700 P. Danet Compl. Dict. Greek & Rom. Antiq. at Alpha Alpha mark'd with a spiritus asper..is also used for the Pronouns ea and sua, in Homer and others.

1756 A. Bayley Introd. Literary & Philos. Langs. i. 5/2 It is now used this Mark ῾ called Spiritus asper, to distinguish it from its opposite Mark ᾿ called Spiritus lenis.

1867 tr. A. Vlachos New Pract. & Easy Method learning Mod. Greek Lang. i. 5 The modern Greek language uses..two aspirates in words beginning with a vowel 1. the soft aspirate (spiritus lenis) ᾿. 2. the rough aspirate (spiritus asper) ῾.

1888 J. E. King & C. Cookson Princ. Sound & Inflexion Greek & Lat. viii. 171 An initial Indo-European..i becomes the spiritus asper, sometimes changed to spiritus lenis.

1936 G. K. Zipf Psycho-biol. Lang. (U.K. ed.) iii. 84 In Greek..the aspiration of the first aspirate was lost, even though the first aspirate was only an h (spiritus asper), that is, a phoneme which consisted exclusively of the aspiration.

1998 Oceanic Linguistics 37 356 The theoretically supplied but nonobservable ‘spiritus asper’ marks the last consonant in Dempwolff's transcription of the Tagalog word.

2013 Hesperia 82 439 The use of H for the spiritus asper is general in the Attic alphabet during the 5th century and not common afterward.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	spiritus asper
释义	spiritus aspern. Brit. /ˌspɪrᵻtəs ˈaspə/, /ˌspɪrᵻtʊs ˈaspɛː/, U.S. /ˌspɪrədəs ˈæspər/, /ˌspɪrəˌtʊs ˈæspɛr/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin spiritus asper. Etymology: < post-classical Latin spiritus asper (5th or 6th cent. in Priscian) < classical Latin spīritus breath, aspiration, spirit (see spirit n.) + asper (see asper n.¹), after Hellenistic Greek πνεῦμα δασύ . Compare earlier spiritus lenis n. and later rough breathing at rough adj. 16b. An aspirated sound or letter; the diacritic (῾) used in polytonic Greek orthography to show that a letter (typically an initial vowel or rho) is aspirated; a rough breathing (cf. breathing n. 9). Hence (occasionally): this symbol or another used similarly in writing another language. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [adjective] > aspirate spiritus asper1649 aspirated1668 incrassated1668 spiritous1668 aspirate1669 spirital1669 spirited1670 rough1696 society > communication > writing > written character > [noun] > written character not a letter > diacritic > types of > in Greek spirit1612 spiritus asper1649 breathing1696 diastole1704 1649 C. Raue Gen. Grammer in Disc. Orientall Tongues (new ed.) 104 A simple e..cald by the Grecians the spiritus lenis and he the spiritus asper. 1700 P. Danet Compl. Dict. Greek & Rom. Antiq. at Alpha Alpha mark'd with a spiritus asper..is also used for the Pronouns ea and sua, in Homer and others. 1756 A. Bayley Introd. Literary & Philos. Langs. i. 5/2 It is now used this Mark ῾ called Spiritus asper, to distinguish it from its opposite Mark ᾿ called Spiritus lenis. 1867 tr. A. Vlachos New Pract. & Easy Method learning Mod. Greek Lang. i. 5 The modern Greek language uses..two aspirates in words beginning with a vowel 1. the soft aspirate (spiritus lenis) ᾿. 2. the rough aspirate (spiritus asper) ῾. 1888 J. E. King & C. Cookson Princ. Sound & Inflexion Greek & Lat. viii. 171 An initial Indo-European..i becomes the spiritus asper, sometimes changed to spiritus lenis. 1936 G. K. Zipf Psycho-biol. Lang. (U.K. ed.) iii. 84 In Greek..the aspiration of the first aspirate was lost, even though the first aspirate was only an h (spiritus asper), that is, a phoneme which consisted exclusively of the aspiration. 1998 Oceanic Linguistics 37 356 The theoretically supplied but nonobservable ‘spiritus asper’ marks the last consonant in Dempwolff's transcription of the Tagalog word. 2013 Hesperia 82 439 The use of H for the spiritus asper is general in the Attic alphabet during the 5th century and not common afterward. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1649
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