sphingo-comb. form

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.

Biochemistry.

Combining form of Greek Σϕίγξ, stem Σϕιγγ- Sphinx n. (see quot. 1881 for sphingosine n. for sphingosin), used in the names of a number of related compounds isolated from the brain and nervous tissue.

sphingolipid n.

Brit.

/ˌsfɪŋɡə(ʊ)ˈlɪpɪd/

U.S.

/ˌsfɪŋɡoʊˈlɪpᵻd/

(also sphingo'lipide) any naturally occurring fatty acid derivative of a sphingosine.

ΚΠ

1947 H. E. Carter et al. in Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 169 77 Among the lipide constituents [of nerve tissue] there are at least three, the cerebrosides.., sphingomyelins.., and gangliosides.., which are derivatives of the organic base sphingosine. Sphingosine may also be present in other compounds... As a matter of convenience it is proposed that the term sphingolipide be used to designate these substances.

1978 J. R. Holum Org. & Biol. Chem. xi. 225 The acyl units in the acylamido parts of the sphingolipids are not the usual fatty acids found in neutral fats.

sphingolipidosis n.

Brit.

/ˌsfɪŋɡə(ʊ)lɪpᵻˈdəʊsɪs/

U.S.

/ˌsfɪŋɡoʊˌlɪpəˈdoʊsəs/

(see quot. 1962).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > [noun] > lipidosis

lipoidosis1932

lipidosis1941

sphingolipidosis1962

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > metabolic disorders > [noun] > other metabolic disorders

xanthomatosis1900

Tay-Sachs1907

ketosis1917

protein shock1917

hyperinsulinism1924

Niemann–Pick1928

tyrosinosis1932

von Gierke's disease1933

phenylketonuria1935

cystic fibrosis1938

mucoviscidosis1945

cystinosis1949

oxalosis1952

McArdle1957

orotic aciduria1959

PKU1961

sphingolipidosis1962

Reye's syndrome1965

Menkes1969

1962 Knudson & Kaplan in Aronson & Volk Cerebral Sphingolipidoses 395 The sphingolipidoses are hereditary diseases in which there is an accumulation of sphingolipids in one or more tissues of the body... There are at least three enzyme defects among the sphingolipidoses.

1976 Adv. Exper. Med. & Biol. LXVIII. 9 (caption) Examples of early prenatal diagnoses carried out with the present microtechniques in pregnancies at risk for sphingolipidoses.

sphingomyelic adj.

Brit.

/ˌsfɪŋɡə(ʊ)mʌɪˈɛlɪk/

U.S.

/ˌsfɪŋɡoʊˌmaɪˈɛlɪk/

( acid).

ΚΠ

1884 J. L. W. Thudichum Treat. Chem. Constit. Brain 115 Sphingomyelic acid.

sphingomyelin n.

Brit.

/ˌsfɪŋɡə(ʊ)ˈmʌɪᵻlɪn/

U.S.

/ˌsfɪŋɡoʊˈmaɪəl(ə)n/

[myelo- comb. form] any of a number of complex phospholipids which are phosphoryl choline derivatives of N-acyl sphingosines.

ΚΠ

1883 J. L. W. Thudichum in 12th Ann. Rep. Local Govt. Board 1882–3: Rep. Med. Officer 1882 App. b. No. 3. 221 I have for the purposes of the present research isolated and analysed two representatives of this remarkable class of bodies, one amidomyelin..another sphingomyelin, which was found to be..a genuine educt and principle of the brain.

1884 J. L. W. Thudichum Treat. Chem. Constit. 106 Sphingomyelin is the principal..phosphorised ingredient of the so-called cerebrin mixture, which remains when white matter is exhausted by ether.

1884 J. L. W. Thudichum Treat. Chem. Constit. Brain 116 Analysis of Sphingol, a new Alcohol, from Sphingomyelin by Chemolysis with Barita.

1920 J. J. R. Macleod Physiol. & Biochem. (ed. 2) lxxvii. 689 Other phospholipins present in nervous tissue are cephalin, cuorin and sphingo~myelin.

1946 Biol. Rev. XXVI. 285 Sphingomyelins are phosphatides in which the sphingosine or a closely related base is bound by an NHCO linkage to a fatty acid..and by an ester linkage to choline phosphoric acid.

1973 Sci. Amer. Apr. 85/1 The alveolar fluid contains trace amounts of various large molecules; among them are the two principal lipids—lecithin and sphingomyelin—that represent the bulk of the pulmonary surfactant.

sphingomyelinic adj.

Brit.

/ˌsfɪŋɡə(ʊ)mʌɪəˈlɪnɪk/

U.S.

/ˌsfɪŋɡoʊˌmaɪəˈlɪnɪk/

( acid).

ΚΠ

1916 A. P. Mathews Physiol. Chem. 575 Sphingomyelinic acid..yields sphingol, an alcohol,..sphingosin, a base..and sphingo-stearic acid.

sphingosine n.

Brit.

/ˈsfɪŋɡə(ʊ)siːn/

U.S.

/ˈsfɪŋɡəˌsin/

(formerly ˈsphingosin) a colourless crystalline base, C₁₈H₃₇NO₂, or any of various homologues and derivatives of this, which combined as sphingolipids occur widely in brain and nervous tissue.

ΚΠ

1881 J. L. W. Thudichum in Ann. Chem. Med. II. 18 A body remained insoluble which was of an alkaloidal nature, and to which, in commemoration of the many enigmas which it presented to the inquirer, I have given the name of Sphingosin.

1908 W. T. Hall & G. Defren tr. E. Abderhalden Text-bk. Physiol. Chem. ii. 20 On being subjected to hydrolysis this substance took up two molecules of water and formed one molecule of cerebronic acid, one of sphingosine and one of galactose.

1957 Sci. News 45 93 The cerebrosides are found chiefly in the human brain... When hydrolysed they give one molecule each of D-galactose or D-glucose, a fatty acid, and a nitrogenous base, sphingosine.

1968 A. White et al. Princ. Biochem. (ed. 4) iv. 73 Although the above C₁₈ sphingosines are most abundant in sphingolipids, other homologous C₁₆, C₁₇, C₁₉, and C₂₀ sphingosines also are found among the naturally occurring sphingolipids.

sphingostearic adj.

Brit.

/ˌsfɪŋɡə(ʊ)stɪˈarɪk/

U.S.

/ˌsfɪŋɡoʊstiˈɛrɪk/

/ˌsfɪŋɡoʊˈstɪrɪk/

( acid).

ΚΠ

1884 J. L. W. Thudichum Treat. Chem. Constit. Brain 116 Sphingostearic acid.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	sphingo-
释义	sphingo-comb. form Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly. Biochemistry. Combining form of Greek Σϕίγξ, stem Σϕιγγ- Sphinx n. (see quot. 1881 for sphingosine n. for sphingosin), used in the names of a number of related compounds isolated from the brain and nervous tissue. sphingolipid n. Brit. /ˌsfɪŋɡə(ʊ)ˈlɪpɪd/ , U.S. /ˌsfɪŋɡoʊˈlɪpᵻd/ (also sphingo'lipide) any naturally occurring fatty acid derivative of a sphingosine. ΚΠ 1947 H. E. Carter et al. in Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 169 77 Among the lipide constituents [of nerve tissue] there are at least three, the cerebrosides.., sphingomyelins.., and gangliosides.., which are derivatives of the organic base sphingosine. Sphingosine may also be present in other compounds... As a matter of convenience it is proposed that the term sphingolipide be used to designate these substances. 1978 J. R. Holum Org. & Biol. Chem. xi. 225 The acyl units in the acylamido parts of the sphingolipids are not the usual fatty acids found in neutral fats. sphingolipidosis n. Brit. /ˌsfɪŋɡə(ʊ)lɪpᵻˈdəʊsɪs/ , U.S. /ˌsfɪŋɡoʊˌlɪpəˈdoʊsəs/ (see quot. 1962). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > [noun] > lipidosis lipoidosis1932 lipidosis1941 sphingolipidosis1962 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > metabolic disorders > [noun] > other metabolic disorders xanthomatosis1900 Tay-Sachs1907 ketosis1917 protein shock1917 hyperinsulinism1924 Niemann–Pick1928 tyrosinosis1932 von Gierke's disease1933 phenylketonuria1935 cystic fibrosis1938 mucoviscidosis1945 cystinosis1949 oxalosis1952 McArdle1957 orotic aciduria1959 PKU1961 sphingolipidosis1962 Reye's syndrome1965 Menkes1969 1962 Knudson & Kaplan in Aronson & Volk Cerebral Sphingolipidoses 395 The sphingolipidoses are hereditary diseases in which there is an accumulation of sphingolipids in one or more tissues of the body... There are at least three enzyme defects among the sphingolipidoses. 1976 Adv. Exper. Med. & Biol. LXVIII. 9 (caption) Examples of early prenatal diagnoses carried out with the present microtechniques in pregnancies at risk for sphingolipidoses. sphingomyelic adj. Brit. /ˌsfɪŋɡə(ʊ)mʌɪˈɛlɪk/ , U.S. /ˌsfɪŋɡoʊˌmaɪˈɛlɪk/ ( acid). ΚΠ 1884 J. L. W. Thudichum Treat. Chem. Constit. Brain 115 Sphingomyelic acid. sphingomyelin n. Brit. /ˌsfɪŋɡə(ʊ)ˈmʌɪᵻlɪn/ , U.S. /ˌsfɪŋɡoʊˈmaɪəl(ə)n/ [myelo- comb. form] any of a number of complex phospholipids which are phosphoryl choline derivatives of N-acyl sphingosines. ΚΠ 1883 J. L. W. Thudichum in 12th Ann. Rep. Local Govt. Board 1882–3: Rep. Med. Officer 1882 App. b. No. 3. 221 I have for the purposes of the present research isolated and analysed two representatives of this remarkable class of bodies, one amidomyelin..another sphingomyelin, which was found to be..a genuine educt and principle of the brain. 1884 J. L. W. Thudichum Treat. Chem. Constit. 106 Sphingomyelin is the principal..phosphorised ingredient of the so-called cerebrin mixture, which remains when white matter is exhausted by ether. 1884 J. L. W. Thudichum Treat. Chem. Constit. Brain 116 Analysis of Sphingol, a new Alcohol, from Sphingomyelin by Chemolysis with Barita. 1920 J. J. R. Macleod Physiol. & Biochem. (ed. 2) lxxvii. 689 Other phospholipins present in nervous tissue are cephalin, cuorin and sphingo~myelin. 1946 Biol. Rev. XXVI. 285 Sphingomyelins are phosphatides in which the sphingosine or a closely related base is bound by an NHCO linkage to a fatty acid..and by an ester linkage to choline phosphoric acid. 1973 Sci. Amer. Apr. 85/1 The alveolar fluid contains trace amounts of various large molecules; among them are the two principal lipids—lecithin and sphingomyelin—that represent the bulk of the pulmonary surfactant. sphingomyelinic adj. Brit. /ˌsfɪŋɡə(ʊ)mʌɪəˈlɪnɪk/ , U.S. /ˌsfɪŋɡoʊˌmaɪəˈlɪnɪk/ ( acid). ΚΠ 1916 A. P. Mathews Physiol. Chem. 575 Sphingomyelinic acid..yields sphingol, an alcohol,..sphingosin, a base..and sphingo-stearic acid. sphingosine n. Brit. /ˈsfɪŋɡə(ʊ)siːn/ , U.S. /ˈsfɪŋɡəˌsin/ (formerly ˈsphingosin) a colourless crystalline base, C₁₈H₃₇NO₂, or any of various homologues and derivatives of this, which combined as sphingolipids occur widely in brain and nervous tissue. ΚΠ 1881 J. L. W. Thudichum in Ann. Chem. Med. II. 18 A body remained insoluble which was of an alkaloidal nature, and to which, in commemoration of the many enigmas which it presented to the inquirer, I have given the name of Sphingosin. 1908 W. T. Hall & G. Defren tr. E. Abderhalden Text-bk. Physiol. Chem. ii. 20 On being subjected to hydrolysis this substance took up two molecules of water and formed one molecule of cerebronic acid, one of sphingosine and one of galactose. 1957 Sci. News 45 93 The cerebrosides are found chiefly in the human brain... When hydrolysed they give one molecule each of D-galactose or D-glucose, a fatty acid, and a nitrogenous base, sphingosine. 1968 A. White et al. Princ. Biochem. (ed. 4) iv. 73 Although the above C₁₈ sphingosines are most abundant in sphingolipids, other homologous C₁₆, C₁₇, C₁₉, and C₂₀ sphingosines also are found among the naturally occurring sphingolipids. sphingostearic adj. Brit. /ˌsfɪŋɡə(ʊ)stɪˈarɪk/ , U.S. /ˌsfɪŋɡoʊstiˈɛrɪk/ , /ˌsfɪŋɡoʊˈstɪrɪk/ ( acid). ΚΠ 1884 J. L. W. Thudichum Treat. Chem. Constit. Brain 116 Sphingostearic acid. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < comb. form1881
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