spoken.

Brit.

/spəʊk/, U.S.

/spoʊk/

Forms: α. Old English spaca, Middle English, northern and ScottishMiddle English– spake, Middle English spak, 1500s–1600s, 1800s spaik (1600s spauk). β. Middle English– spoke, Middle English spook-. γ. 1500s–1600s spoak(e.

Etymology: Old English spáca (masculine), = Old Frisian spêke (West Frisian speake, speak), Middle Dutch speke, speec (Dutch speek), Old Saxon spêca (Middle Low German and Low German spêke), Old High German speicha (Middle High German and German speiche) feminine; the ultimate etymology is uncertain. The Middle Dutch or Middle Low German speke was adopted in Middle English: see speke n.²Dutch spaak , Low German spake , etc., represent a different word (see sense 4a).

a. One of the set of staves, bars, or rods radiating from the hub or nave of a wheel and supporting the felloes or rim.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > parts of wheels > spoke

spokec888

burela1300

speke?a1400

staff1642

spar1688

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > wheel > spoke

spokec888

wagon-spoke1597

α.

c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxix. §7 Swa swa þa spacan sticiað oðer ende on þære felge oþer on þære nafe.

c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxix. §7 Þa felga..hongiað on þæm spacan.

c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 106 Cantus, felga... Radii, spacan.

a1225 Leg. Kath. 1921 Hat..ȝarkin fowr hweoles, & let þurh~driuen..þe spaken & te felien mid irnene gadien.

1334–5 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 525 In 2 felys, 2 spakes positis in rotis longe carecte.

c1425 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 665 Hic radius, spake.

c1480 (a1400) St. Katherine 853 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 466 All þe spakis..sall be fichit with hukis sere.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vi. ix. 185 On quhelis spakis speldit vtheris hingis.

1582 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 45 In the hen house. Certaine spaikes, j swall, j lose bord [etc.].

1614 in D. Wedderburne Compt-bk. (S.H.S.) 248 Fyve faldomis of burnewod with sum filleis and spaukis.

1818 G. Beattie John o' Arnha' (ed. 2) 16 The spaiks were like to lift their linen.

figurative.1737 A. Ramsay Coll. Scots Prov. (1750) 61 It is the best spake in your wheel.β. c1275 XI Pains of Hell 69 in Old Eng. Misc. A þusend spoken beoþ þer-on.c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 208/278 A grislich ȝweol with spokene longe i-nowe.c1340 Nominale (Skeat) 324 M[an] in the nathe doth spokes.c1386 G. Chaucer Summoner's Tale 549 Twelf spokes hath a cart whel comunly.1426 J. Lydgate tr. G. de Guileville Pilgrimage Life Man 12642 Fyrst off alle, the[e] avyse How thys whel hath...iiij. spokys strechchyd oute.?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. iii^v They wheles..be made of nathes spokes fellies & doules.1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. xiv. 64 They haue wheeles made with spokes like coach wheeles, and..strongly shod with iron.1717 J. Addison tr. Ovid Metamorphoses in Wks. (1758) I. 162 Here fell a wheel, and here a silver spoke, Here were the beam and axle torn away.1799 tr. Laboratory (ed. 6) I. i. 27 Ten or twelve inches will be enough for the diameter of wheels with six spokes.1873 J. Richards Operator's Handbk. 165 The Blanchard lathe..may turn from five to seven hundred small spokes a day.γ. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 11^v The smaller sort [of necessaries] be these,..Strikes, Spoakes [etc.].1594 in J. Harland House & Farm Accts. Shuttleworths (1856) I. 89 For setting on towe felkes and towe spoakes in a wheele, v^d.a1653 Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers (1855) 58 The spoakes..still neerer..gather, Till in the Nave their points hard meete together.1687 London Gaz. No. 2272/4 The Good-speed,..loaden with Iron, Spoaks for Carts, &c.

b. In figurative contexts, esp. in reference to the wheel of Fortune.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > necessity > fate or destiny as determining events > [noun] > wheel of fortune

wheelc888

stagea1300

spoke1412

rooc1440

wheel of custronsc1450

1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy iv. 1757 While she is benygne, By influence graciously tassygne Hir spokes meue vn-to ȝoure plesaunce.

1535 D. Lindsay Satyre 1139 I dreid ȝe spaiks of Spritualitie Sall rew that ever I came in this cuntrie.

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. ii. 498 Breake all the spokes and follies from her wheele.

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. iii. 19 Maiestie..is a massie wheel..To whose hough spokes, tenne thousand lesser things Are morteist and adioynd.

1644 in S. Hartlib Legacy (1655) 278 If all such dispersed spoaks and vallies were fixed in one Centre (viz. a faithfull, carefull, skilfull Steward).

1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab ix. 118 The restless wheels of being..Whose flashing spokes..Bicker and burn to gain their destined goal.

1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple I. xii. 160 The wheel of fortune keeps turning for the comfort of those who are at the lowest spoke.

c. One of a set of radial handles projecting from a cylinder or wheel (esp. a steering-wheel).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > parts of wheels > other projections

spoke1648

wrist1864

wrist-pin1875

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > steering equipment > [noun] > helm > wheel > spoke projecting from wheel

spoke1648

1648 Bp. J. Wilkins Math. Magick i. vi. 37 An axis or cylinder, having a rundle about it, wherin there are fastned divers spokes, by which the whole may bee turned round.

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine at Helm The spokes of the wheel generally reach about eight inches beyond the rim or circumference, serving as handles to the person who steers the vessel.]

1841 R. H. Dana Seaman's Man. 181 In relieving the wheel, the man should..go to the wheel behind the helmsman and take hold of the spokes.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 729 The helm..has a barrel,..and a wheel with spokes to assist in moving it.

d. Basket-Making = stake n.¹ 5d.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from other vegetable fibres > [noun] > randed work or basketry > foundation or skeleton > foundation rod > specific

spoke1897

league1903

stake1903

by-stake1912

scallom1912

1897 A. Firth Cane Basket Work ii. 17 Spokes, the coarser canes used as the foundation, and round which the weavers are placed.

1925 A. A. Gill Pract. Basketry 39 After the spokes are arranged for weaving, take a short strand.

1958 O. R. Scott Basketry Step by Step 8 The uprights of a basket are called stakes or spokes.

a. A bar or rod of wood, esp. one used or shaped for a particular purpose; a stake or pole; a hand-spike; a weaver's beam.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > types of tools generally > [noun] > in form of bar, pole, rod, etc.

stingc725

stakec893

sowelc900

tree971

rungOE

shaftc1000

staffc1000

stockc1000

poleOE

spritOE

luga1250

lever1297

stanga1300

perchc1300

raftc1330

sheltbeam1336

stower1371

palea1382

spar1388

spire1392

perk1396

ragged staff1397

peela1400

slot1399

plantc1400

heck-stower1401

sparkin1408

cammockc1425

sallow stakec1440

spoke1467

perk treec1480

yard1480

bode1483

spit1485

bolm1513

gada1535

ruttock1542

stob1550

blade1558

wattle1570

bamboo1598

loggat1600

barling1611

sparret1632

picket1687

tringle1706

sprund1736

lug-pole1773

polting lug1789

baton1801

stuckin1809

rack-pin1821

picket-pin1844

I-iron1874

pricker1875

stag1881

podger1888

window pole1888

verge1897

sallow pole1898

lat1899

swizzle-stick1962

1467 Sc. Acts, Jas. III (1814) II. 87 And at na merchandis gudis be revin nor spilt with vnresonable stollin as with spakis.

1496 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 289 To cary a laid of spakis fra the Castel to the Abbay, to mak pailȝoune pynnys.

1513 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 508 Ane dusan akyn sperris to mak wyndes spakis.

1681 W. Robertson Phraseologia generalis (1693) 1162 A weavers spoke, panus, jugum.

1869 M. MacLennan Peasant Life 1st Ser. 260 She brought him to the weaver's cottage, and pointed out ‘the spaik’.

b. A round or rung of a ladder, etc. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > ladder > [noun] > rung or step

stepc1000

gangOE

stavec1175

tine?c1225

ladder stalea1250

degreec1290

rungc1300

staffc1325

stairc1400

ladder stavec1440

scalec1440

roundc1450

stakec1450

sprang1527

staver1534

rundle1565

rave1566

roundel1585

rondel1616

ladder rung1620

rowel1652

spokea1658

stower1674

stale1714

rim1788

tread1838

through1899

step iron1912

a1658 R. Lovelace Lucasta: Posthume Poems (1659) 71 Yet the Spoaks by which they scal'd so high, Gamble hath wisely laid of Vt Re Mi.

1833 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Cottage Archit. §990 The hay-racks to be made 2 feet and a half wide; the rungs (spokes) of 1 inch and a half deal.

1892 R. L. Stevenson Across Plains vi. 197 Except for the weedy spokes and shafts of the ladder.

c. Scottish. One of a set of poles adapted for carrying a coffin to the graveside.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > funeral equipment > [noun] > pole to carry coffin

spokec1650

handspoke1709

handspike1816

c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 74 Sum..liftis the Marquess corpis vpon litter... The Marques sone..wes at his heid, the Erll of Morry on the right spaik, the Erll of Seafort on the left spaik [etc.].

1822 J. Galt Sir Andrew Wylie III. xxxiv. 301 When the coffin was borne to the entrance of the sepulchre, the spakes were drawn out.

1861 E. B. Ramsay Reminisc. Sc. Life 2nd Ser. vi. 120 It was the old fashion, still practised in some districts, to carry the coffin to the grave on long poles or ‘spokes’, as they were commonly termed.

1887 P. McNeill Blawearie 12 It's a gey queer funeral this,..neither a hearse to draw, nor a spake to carry the deid on.

d. (See quots. and cf. 4a.)

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > devices to retard or stop motion > skid or lock to retard motion

trigger1591

drug1638

trigen1659

skid1766

drag1795

remskoen1816

slipper1827

shoe1837

sledge1839

hub1856

rough lock1858

spoke1858

wagon-drag1875

wagon-lock1875

wheel-lock1875

sprag1878

slipper-drag1883

slipper-brake1884

shod1893

1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Spoke,.. contrivance for skidding the wheels of a vehicle.

1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Spoke, a fastening for a wheel to lock it in descending a hill.

3. figurative.

a. In phrases denoting an attempt to give advice, or have some say, in a matter. Still in colloquial use in to put in one's spoke (cf. oar n. Phrases 1).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hinder [verb (intransitive)]

hinderc1386

to be (also get, stand, etc.) in one's way1481

to trump in (one's) way1570

to put in one's spoke1580

to put a spoke in one's wheel1583

to be (also get, stand, etc.) in the waya1750

snag1833

to cramp one's style1917

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > give advice [verb (intransitive)]

redeOE

rothec1175

counsel1382

to give to redec1460

advise1481

to put in one's spoke1580

aread1598

the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > acting in another's business or intervention > act in another's business or intervene [verb (intransitive)] > intrude or interfere

chop1535

shovel1540

to put (also stick, shove, etc.) one's oar in1542

intrude1573

to put in one's spoke1580

to put forward1816

neb1889

to butt in1899

to butt into ——1900

horn1912

muscle1928

chisel1936

1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 35 With that, Philautus came in with his spoake, saying: [etc.].

1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 99 Camilla not thinking to be silent, put in hir spoake as she thought into the best wheele.

1602 B. Jonson Poetaster ii. i. sig. C^v You would seeme to be Master? You would haue your spoke in my cart? you would aduise me to Entertaine Ladies?

†b. In uses suggestive of association with speak v.: A saying, maxim, remark. Obsolete.It is doubtful whether modern dialect spoke in the sense of ‘speech’, ‘story’, is a survival of this usage.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > saying, maxim, adage > [noun]

saw9..

quideOE

yedOE

wordOE

wisdomc1175

bysawe?c1225

riotc1330

sentencec1380

textc1386

dict1432

diction1477

redec1480

say1486

adage1530

commonplace?1531

adagy1534

soothsay1549

maxima1564

apophthegm1570

speech1575

gnome1577

aphorisma1593

imprese1593

spoke1594

symbol1594

maxim1605

wording1606

impress1610

motto1615

dictum1616

impresa1622

dictate1625

effate1650

sentiment1780

great thought1821

brocarda1856

text-motto1880

sententia1917

1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. I^v The spoke was this, Frustra pius, as much to say, as fruitles seruice.

1599 H. Porter Pleasant Hist. Two Angrie Women of Abington sig. D4^v Hee'l answere With some rime, rotten sentence, or olde saying, Such spokes as the ancient of the parish vse.

1615 E. Hoby Curry-combe iii. 135 Had we a good Towne~stocke, thou shouldest haue a pension, for thy good spoake.

c. Denoting speech or action intended to advance a person's interests. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > intercession or influence on someone's behalf > [noun]

erndinga1000

mediationa1387

advocacyc1390

mediacya1425

meanc1450

moyen1454

interposition1462

mean1465

myance?a1513

advocation1532

intercession1534

advocateship?1555

intercessionment1593

interceding1600

intermise1612

means-making1617

intermission1647

interposal1687

spoke1867

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. (at cited word) To put a spoke in a man's wheel, is to say something of him to his advantage.

1884 ‘H. Collingwood’ Under Meteor Flag 50 I shall perhaps be seeing..your new captain..this evening, and, if so, I will put a spoke in your wheel for you.

4. figurative.

a. In phrases denoting action which is intended or likely to thwart, obstruct, or impede some person or proceeding; esp. to put a spoke in one's wheel.Possibly a mistranslation of Dutch een spaak (= bar, stave) in 't wiel steeken.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hinder [verb (intransitive)]

hinderc1386

to be (also get, stand, etc.) in one's way1481

to trump in (one's) way1570

to put in one's spoke1580

to put a spoke in one's wheel1583

to be (also get, stand, etc.) in the waya1750

snag1833

to cramp one's style1917

(a)

1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) sig. Gj ^v If you haue learnd the eight liberall science, I mean cogging, I will sett a spoke to your cogge.

?1661 2nd Pt. Merry Drollery 37 He..look'd to be made an emperor for't, But the Devel did set a spoke in his Cart.

c1681 E. Hickeringill Trimmer iv, in Wks. (1716) I. 377 The reason why I have not been prefer'd, and advanc't according to my merits, is the whispers, and sly insinuations of such Trimmers suggestions, as this is, which has put a spoke in my Ladder.

(b)a1625 J. Fletcher Mad Lover iii. vi, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. C3^v/2 Ile put a spoke among your wheeles.1656 Ld. Broghill Let. 9 Aug. in Coll. State Papers J. Thurloe (1742) V. 295 Argile has bin very industryous to be chosen, but we have put a spoke in his wheele.1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 498. ⁋2 They had clapt such a Spoke in his Wheel, as had disabled him from being a Coachman for that Day.1801 ‘Gabrielli’ Mysterious Husband III. 164 If you was to attempt to make your escape, I should be obligated to put a spoke in your wheel.1853 E. Forbes in G. Wilson & A. Geikie Mem. E. Forbes (1861) xiv. 527 I trust in you..to put a spoke in the wheels of my opponents if you find them going too fast.1885 Manch. Examiner July 135/1 Capitalists..were trying to put a spoke in the wheel of Socialism.(c)1607 S. Hieron Mariage-blessing in Wks. (1620) I. 411 Shee should not put in her spoke to withstand the motion, but should rather further her husband in such an honest businesse.a1677 I. Barrow Serm. Several Occasions (1678) 428 He letteth them proceed on in a full career..then instantly he checketh, putteth in a spoak, he stoppeth,..or turneth them backward.1840 T. Hood Up Rhine 7 I did hope the policy..would have put a spoke in our tour; but, unluckily it gives me latitude to travel all over Europe.

b. Some thing, action, or fact which prevents, impedes, or obstructs; an impediment or obstacle.Usually with in the (or one's) wheel: cf. above.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > [noun] > one who or that which hinders > a hindrance, impediment, or obstacle

hinderc1200

withsetting1340

obstaclec1385

traversea1393

mara1400

bayc1440

stoppagec1450

barrace1480

blocka1500

objecta1500

clog1526

stumbling-stone1526

bar1530

(to cast) a trump in (one's) way1548

stumbling-stock1548

hindrance1576

a log in one's way1579

crossbar1582

log1589

rub1589

threshold1600

scotch1601

dam1602

remora1604

obex1611

obstructiona1616

stumbling-blocka1616

fence1639

affront1642

retardance1645

stick1645

balk1660

obstruent1669

blockade1683

sprun1684

spoke1689

cross cause1696

uncomplaisance1707

barrier1712

obstruct1747

dike1770

abatis1808

underbrush1888

bunker1900

bump1909

sprag1914

hurdle1924

headwind1927

mudhole1933

monkey wrench1937

roadblock1945

1689 Mem. God's last 29 Yrs. Wond. Eng. 64 Both which Bills were such Spokes in their Chariot-wheels, that made them drive much heavier.

1754 S. Foote Knights i. 16 So, Jack, here's a fresh Spoke in your Wheel... This is a cursed cross Incident!

1755 J. Kidgell Card II. 179 Here Mrs. Walker thought it would be no small Spoke in the Wheel of her present Design, to take up her Residence herself.

1845 B. Disraeli Sybil II. iv. xii. 285 Rely upon it a bold united front at this moment would be a spoke in the wheel.

1853 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes (1854) I. ix. 91 And thinks I there's a spoke in your wheel, you stuck-up little old Duchess.

5. transferred.

†a. Botany. A pedicel or peduncle of an umbel; a radius or ray. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > inflorescence or collective flower > [noun] > of particular type, shape, or arrangement > umbel or ray

spoke1578

umbel1597

muscary1657

umbella1699

radius1727

ray1727

universal umbel1760

umbellet1793

umbellule1793

sertulum1831

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 614 The spokes [of Ammi visnaga]..the Italians and Spaniardes doo use as tooth-pickes.

1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) I. 83 Spokes (radii), the fruit-stalks of flowers collected into Umbels or Umbellules.

1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 79 Fruit-stalks..forming a sort of umbel, the outer spokes of which are gradually shorter and shorter.

b. A ray or beam of light, sunshine, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > [noun] > ray or beam

beamc885

rowc1225

stringc1275

steamc1300

light beama1398

shafta1400

rayc1400

strakec1400

rade?a1563

gleed1566

radiation1570

shine1581

rayon1591

stralla1618

radius1620

rule1637

irradiation1643

track1693

emanation1700

spoke1849

spearc1850

slant1856

sword1866

secondary1921

1849 G. Cupples Green Hand vi, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Dec. 735/2 The sun had got low, and he shivered his dazzling spokes of light behind one edge of it [sc. a bank of vapour].

1850 G. Cupples Green Hand vii. 80/1 While here and there a broad bright hazy spoke off the sun came cutting down into the forest.

Compounds

C1. attributive and in other combinations, as spoke-flange. Also spokeshave n.A number of technical uses are given and defined in E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. (1875) and Suppl. (1884), as spoke-auger, -clamp, -gage, -groove, -lathe, -wheel; spoke-pointer, -setter, -trimmer; spoke driving, -facing, -inserting, etc.

ΚΠ

1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 277/1 The hub should not measure less than 2 in. between the spoke-flanges.

C2.

spoke-bone n. Anatomy = radius n. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > bones of arm or leg > bones of arm > [noun] > bones of forearm > radius

speel-bone1307

cubit1398

wand-bone1488

radius1578

wand1634

shuttle1662

spoke-bonea1836

radius bone1910

a1836 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) VII. 303 [In fishes] there is usually an aperture between the lower edge of the spoke-bone and the upper edge of the ulna.

a1836 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) VII. 326 The Fore-Arm [in birds] consists of two bones, the cubit and spoke-bone, of which the latter is always in a state of semipronation.

spoke-brush n. (see quot.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > brushing or sweeping > [noun] > brush or broom

besomc1000

bast broom1357

brush1377

broom14..

sweepc1475

duster1575

bristle brush1601

broom-besom1693

flag-broom1697

stock-brush1700

whisk1745

birch-broom1747

hair-broom1753

spry1796

corn-broomc1810

pope's head1824

whisker1825

sweeping-brusha1828

swish1844

spoke-brush1851

whisk broom1857

Turk's head1859

wisp1875

tube-brush1877

bass-broom?1881

crumb-brush1884

dusting-brush1907

palmetto brush1913

suede brush1915

swale1949

1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 362/1 The street-vendors sell wash-leathers,..spoke-brushes (to clean carriage-wheels), and coach-mops.

1876 J. Greenwood Low-life Deeps 218 The sand-paperer..had caught up a spoke-brush, and was poising it for a throw.

spoke-river n. (see quot.)

ΚΠ

1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Spoke-river, a wheelwright, or shaper of spokes or rounds for ladders.

spoke-wood n. (see quot.).

ΚΠ

1851 J. Brown Forester (ed. 2) iv. 362 Young oaks, of the size generally termed spoke-wood, sell well.

1869 Archaeologia 42 126 Skewerwood..is also called spoke-wood.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	spoke
释义	spoken. Brit. /spəʊk/, U.S. /spoʊk/ Forms: α. Old English spaca, Middle English, northern and ScottishMiddle English– spake, Middle English spak, 1500s–1600s, 1800s spaik (1600s spauk). β. Middle English– spoke, Middle English spook-. γ. 1500s–1600s spoak(e. Etymology: Old English spáca (masculine), = Old Frisian spêke (West Frisian speake, speak), Middle Dutch speke, speec (Dutch speek), Old Saxon spêca (Middle Low German and Low German spêke), Old High German speicha (Middle High German and German speiche) feminine; the ultimate etymology is uncertain. The Middle Dutch or Middle Low German speke was adopted in Middle English: see speke n.²Dutch spaak , Low German spake , etc., represent a different word (see sense 4a). 1. a. One of the set of staves, bars, or rods radiating from the hub or nave of a wheel and supporting the felloes or rim. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > parts of wheels > spoke spokec888 burela1300 speke?a1400 staff1642 spar1688 society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > wheel > spoke spokec888 wagon-spoke1597 α. c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxix. §7 Swa swa þa spacan sticiað oðer ende on þære felge oþer on þære nafe. c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxix. §7 Þa felga..hongiað on þæm spacan. c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 106 Cantus, felga... Radii, spacan. a1225 Leg. Kath. 1921 Hat..ȝarkin fowr hweoles, & let þurh~driuen..þe spaken & te felien mid irnene gadien. 1334–5 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 525 In 2 felys, 2 spakes positis in rotis longe carecte. c1425 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 665 Hic radius, spake. c1480 (a1400) St. Katherine 853 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 466 All þe spakis..sall be fichit with hukis sere. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vi. ix. 185 On quhelis spakis speldit vtheris hingis. 1582 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 45 In the hen house. Certaine spaikes, j swall, j lose bord [etc.]. 1614 in D. Wedderburne Compt-bk. (S.H.S.) 248 Fyve faldomis of burnewod with sum filleis and spaukis. 1818 G. Beattie John o' Arnha' (ed. 2) 16 The spaiks were like to lift their linen. figurative.1737 A. Ramsay Coll. Scots Prov. (1750) 61 It is the best spake in your wheel.β. c1275 XI Pains of Hell 69 in Old Eng. Misc. A þusend spoken beoþ þer-on.c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 208/278 A grislich ȝweol with spokene longe i-nowe.c1340 Nominale (Skeat) 324 M[an] in the nathe doth spokes.c1386 G. Chaucer Summoner's Tale 549 Twelf spokes hath a cart whel comunly.1426 J. Lydgate tr. G. de Guileville Pilgrimage Life Man 12642 Fyrst off alle, the[e] avyse How thys whel hath...iiij. spokys strechchyd oute.?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. iii^v They wheles..be made of nathes spokes fellies & doules.1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. xiv. 64 They haue wheeles made with spokes like coach wheeles, and..strongly shod with iron.1717 J. Addison tr. Ovid Metamorphoses in Wks. (1758) I. 162 Here fell a wheel, and here a silver spoke, Here were the beam and axle torn away.1799 tr. Laboratory (ed. 6) I. i. 27 Ten or twelve inches will be enough for the diameter of wheels with six spokes.1873 J. Richards Operator's Handbk. 165 The Blanchard lathe..may turn from five to seven hundred small spokes a day.γ. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 11^v The smaller sort [of necessaries] be these,..Strikes, Spoakes [etc.].1594 in J. Harland House & Farm Accts. Shuttleworths (1856) I. 89 For setting on towe felkes and towe spoakes in a wheele, v^d.a1653 Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers (1855) 58 The spoakes..still neerer..gather, Till in the Nave their points hard meete together.1687 London Gaz. No. 2272/4 The Good-speed,..loaden with Iron, Spoaks for Carts, &c. b. In figurative contexts, esp. in reference to the wheel of Fortune. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > necessity > fate or destiny as determining events > [noun] > wheel of fortune wheelc888 stagea1300 spoke1412 rooc1440 wheel of custronsc1450 1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy iv. 1757 While she is benygne, By influence graciously tassygne Hir spokes meue vn-to ȝoure plesaunce. 1535 D. Lindsay Satyre 1139 I dreid ȝe spaiks of Spritualitie Sall rew that ever I came in this cuntrie. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. ii. 498 Breake all the spokes and follies from her wheele. View more context for this quotation 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. iii. 19 Maiestie..is a massie wheel..To whose hough spokes, tenne thousand lesser things Are morteist and adioynd. 1644 in S. Hartlib Legacy (1655) 278 If all such dispersed spoaks and vallies were fixed in one Centre (viz. a faithfull, carefull, skilfull Steward). 1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab ix. 118 The restless wheels of being..Whose flashing spokes..Bicker and burn to gain their destined goal. 1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple I. xii. 160 The wheel of fortune keeps turning for the comfort of those who are at the lowest spoke. c. One of a set of radial handles projecting from a cylinder or wheel (esp. a steering-wheel). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > parts of wheels > other projections spoke1648 wrist1864 wrist-pin1875 society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > steering equipment > [noun] > helm > wheel > spoke projecting from wheel spoke1648 1648 Bp. J. Wilkins Math. Magick i. vi. 37 An axis or cylinder, having a rundle about it, wherin there are fastned divers spokes, by which the whole may bee turned round. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine at Helm The spokes of the wheel generally reach about eight inches beyond the rim or circumference, serving as handles to the person who steers the vessel.] 1841 R. H. Dana Seaman's Man. 181 In relieving the wheel, the man should..go to the wheel behind the helmsman and take hold of the spokes. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 729 The helm..has a barrel,..and a wheel with spokes to assist in moving it. d. Basket-Making = stake n.¹ 5d. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from other vegetable fibres > [noun] > randed work or basketry > foundation or skeleton > foundation rod > specific spoke1897 league1903 stake1903 by-stake1912 scallom1912 1897 A. Firth Cane Basket Work ii. 17 Spokes, the coarser canes used as the foundation, and round which the weavers are placed. 1925 A. A. Gill Pract. Basketry 39 After the spokes are arranged for weaving, take a short strand. 1958 O. R. Scott Basketry Step by Step 8 The uprights of a basket are called stakes or spokes. 2. a. A bar or rod of wood, esp. one used or shaped for a particular purpose; a stake or pole; a hand-spike; a weaver's beam. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > types of tools generally > [noun] > in form of bar, pole, rod, etc. stingc725 stakec893 sowelc900 tree971 rungOE shaftc1000 staffc1000 stockc1000 poleOE spritOE luga1250 lever1297 stanga1300 perchc1300 raftc1330 sheltbeam1336 stower1371 palea1382 spar1388 spire1392 perk1396 ragged staff1397 peela1400 slot1399 plantc1400 heck-stower1401 sparkin1408 cammockc1425 sallow stakec1440 spoke1467 perk treec1480 yard1480 bode1483 spit1485 bolm1513 gada1535 ruttock1542 stob1550 blade1558 wattle1570 bamboo1598 loggat1600 barling1611 sparret1632 picket1687 tringle1706 sprund1736 lug-pole1773 polting lug1789 baton1801 stuckin1809 rack-pin1821 picket-pin1844 I-iron1874 pricker1875 stag1881 podger1888 window pole1888 verge1897 sallow pole1898 lat1899 swizzle-stick1962 1467 Sc. Acts, Jas. III (1814) II. 87 And at na merchandis gudis be revin nor spilt with vnresonable stollin as with spakis. 1496 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 289 To cary a laid of spakis fra the Castel to the Abbay, to mak pailȝoune pynnys. 1513 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 508 Ane dusan akyn sperris to mak wyndes spakis. 1681 W. Robertson Phraseologia generalis (1693) 1162 A weavers spoke, panus, jugum. 1869 M. MacLennan Peasant Life 1st Ser. 260 She brought him to the weaver's cottage, and pointed out ‘the spaik’. b. A round or rung of a ladder, etc. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > ladder > [noun] > rung or step stepc1000 gangOE stavec1175 tine?c1225 ladder stalea1250 degreec1290 rungc1300 staffc1325 stairc1400 ladder stavec1440 scalec1440 roundc1450 stakec1450 sprang1527 staver1534 rundle1565 rave1566 roundel1585 rondel1616 ladder rung1620 rowel1652 spokea1658 stower1674 stale1714 rim1788 tread1838 through1899 step iron1912 a1658 R. Lovelace Lucasta: Posthume Poems (1659) 71 Yet the Spoaks by which they scal'd so high, Gamble hath wisely laid of Vt Re Mi. 1833 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Cottage Archit. §990 The hay-racks to be made 2 feet and a half wide; the rungs (spokes) of 1 inch and a half deal. 1892 R. L. Stevenson Across Plains vi. 197 Except for the weedy spokes and shafts of the ladder. c. Scottish. One of a set of poles adapted for carrying a coffin to the graveside. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > funeral equipment > [noun] > pole to carry coffin spokec1650 handspoke1709 handspike1816 c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 74 Sum..liftis the Marquess corpis vpon litter... The Marques sone..wes at his heid, the Erll of Morry on the right spaik, the Erll of Seafort on the left spaik [etc.]. 1822 J. Galt Sir Andrew Wylie III. xxxiv. 301 When the coffin was borne to the entrance of the sepulchre, the spakes were drawn out. 1861 E. B. Ramsay Reminisc. Sc. Life 2nd Ser. vi. 120 It was the old fashion, still practised in some districts, to carry the coffin to the grave on long poles or ‘spokes’, as they were commonly termed. 1887 P. McNeill Blawearie 12 It's a gey queer funeral this,..neither a hearse to draw, nor a spake to carry the deid on. d. (See quots. and cf. 4a.) ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > devices to retard or stop motion > skid or lock to retard motion trigger1591 drug1638 trigen1659 skid1766 drag1795 remskoen1816 slipper1827 shoe1837 sledge1839 hub1856 rough lock1858 spoke1858 wagon-drag1875 wagon-lock1875 wheel-lock1875 sprag1878 slipper-drag1883 slipper-brake1884 shod1893 1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Spoke,.. contrivance for skidding the wheels of a vehicle. 1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Spoke, a fastening for a wheel to lock it in descending a hill. 3. figurative. a. In phrases denoting an attempt to give advice, or have some say, in a matter. Still in colloquial use in to put in one's spoke (cf. oar n. Phrases 1). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hinder [verb (intransitive)] hinderc1386 to be (also get, stand, etc.) in one's way1481 to trump in (one's) way1570 to put in one's spoke1580 to put a spoke in one's wheel1583 to be (also get, stand, etc.) in the waya1750 snag1833 to cramp one's style1917 the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > give advice [verb (intransitive)] redeOE rothec1175 counsel1382 to give to redec1460 advise1481 to put in one's spoke1580 aread1598 the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > acting in another's business or intervention > act in another's business or intervene [verb (intransitive)] > intrude or interfere chop1535 shovel1540 to put (also stick, shove, etc.) one's oar in1542 intrude1573 to put in one's spoke1580 to put forward1816 neb1889 to butt in1899 to butt into ——1900 horn1912 muscle1928 chisel1936 1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 35 With that, Philautus came in with his spoake, saying: [etc.]. 1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 99 Camilla not thinking to be silent, put in hir spoake as she thought into the best wheele. 1602 B. Jonson Poetaster ii. i. sig. C^v You would seeme to be Master? You would haue your spoke in my cart? you would aduise me to Entertaine Ladies? View more context for this quotation †b. In uses suggestive of association with speak v.: A saying, maxim, remark. Obsolete.It is doubtful whether modern dialect spoke in the sense of ‘speech’, ‘story’, is a survival of this usage. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > saying, maxim, adage > [noun] saw9.. quideOE yedOE wordOE wisdomc1175 bysawe?c1225 riotc1330 sentencec1380 textc1386 dict1432 diction1477 redec1480 say1486 adage1530 commonplace?1531 adagy1534 soothsay1549 maxima1564 apophthegm1570 speech1575 gnome1577 aphorisma1593 imprese1593 spoke1594 symbol1594 maxim1605 wording1606 impress1610 motto1615 dictum1616 impresa1622 dictate1625 effate1650 sentiment1780 great thought1821 brocarda1856 text-motto1880 sententia1917 1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. I^v The spoke was this, Frustra pius, as much to say, as fruitles seruice. 1599 H. Porter Pleasant Hist. Two Angrie Women of Abington sig. D4^v Hee'l answere With some rime, rotten sentence, or olde saying, Such spokes as the ancient of the parish vse. 1615 E. Hoby Curry-combe iii. 135 Had we a good Towne~stocke, thou shouldest haue a pension, for thy good spoake. c. Denoting speech or action intended to advance a person's interests. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > intercession or influence on someone's behalf > [noun] erndinga1000 mediationa1387 advocacyc1390 mediacya1425 meanc1450 moyen1454 interposition1462 mean1465 myance?a1513 advocation1532 intercession1534 advocateship?1555 intercessionment1593 interceding1600 intermise1612 means-making1617 intermission1647 interposal1687 spoke1867 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. (at cited word) To put a spoke in a man's wheel, is to say something of him to his advantage. 1884 ‘H. Collingwood’ Under Meteor Flag 50 I shall perhaps be seeing..your new captain..this evening, and, if so, I will put a spoke in your wheel for you. 4. figurative. a. In phrases denoting action which is intended or likely to thwart, obstruct, or impede some person or proceeding; esp. to put a spoke in one's wheel.Possibly a mistranslation of Dutch een spaak (= bar, stave) in 't wiel steeken. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hinder [verb (intransitive)] hinderc1386 to be (also get, stand, etc.) in one's way1481 to trump in (one's) way1570 to put in one's spoke1580 to put a spoke in one's wheel1583 to be (also get, stand, etc.) in the waya1750 snag1833 to cramp one's style1917 (a) 1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) sig. Gj ^v If you haue learnd the eight liberall science, I mean cogging, I will sett a spoke to your cogge. ?1661 2nd Pt. Merry Drollery 37 He..look'd to be made an emperor for't, But the Devel did set a spoke in his Cart. c1681 E. Hickeringill Trimmer iv, in Wks. (1716) I. 377 The reason why I have not been prefer'd, and advanc't according to my merits, is the whispers, and sly insinuations of such Trimmers suggestions, as this is, which has put a spoke in my Ladder. (b)a1625 J. Fletcher Mad Lover iii. vi, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. C3^v/2 Ile put a spoke among your wheeles.1656 Ld. Broghill Let. 9 Aug. in Coll. State Papers J. Thurloe (1742) V. 295 Argile has bin very industryous to be chosen, but we have put a spoke in his wheele.1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 498. ⁋2 They had clapt such a Spoke in his Wheel, as had disabled him from being a Coachman for that Day.1801 ‘Gabrielli’ Mysterious Husband III. 164 If you was to attempt to make your escape, I should be obligated to put a spoke in your wheel.1853 E. Forbes in G. Wilson & A. Geikie Mem. E. Forbes (1861) xiv. 527 I trust in you..to put a spoke in the wheels of my opponents if you find them going too fast.1885 Manch. Examiner July 135/1 Capitalists..were trying to put a spoke in the wheel of Socialism.(c)1607 S. Hieron Mariage-blessing in Wks. (1620) I. 411 Shee should not put in her spoke to withstand the motion, but should rather further her husband in such an honest businesse.a1677 I. Barrow Serm. Several Occasions (1678) 428 He letteth them proceed on in a full career..then instantly he checketh, putteth in a spoak, he stoppeth,..or turneth them backward.1840 T. Hood Up Rhine 7 I did hope the policy..would have put a spoke in our tour; but, unluckily it gives me latitude to travel all over Europe. b. Some thing, action, or fact which prevents, impedes, or obstructs; an impediment or obstacle.Usually with in the (or one's) wheel: cf. above. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > [noun] > one who or that which hinders > a hindrance, impediment, or obstacle hinderc1200 withsetting1340 obstaclec1385 traversea1393 mara1400 bayc1440 stoppagec1450 barrace1480 blocka1500 objecta1500 clog1526 stumbling-stone1526 bar1530 (to cast) a trump in (one's) way1548 stumbling-stock1548 hindrance1576 a log in one's way1579 crossbar1582 log1589 rub1589 threshold1600 scotch1601 dam1602 remora1604 obex1611 obstructiona1616 stumbling-blocka1616 fence1639 affront1642 retardance1645 stick1645 balk1660 obstruent1669 blockade1683 sprun1684 spoke1689 cross cause1696 uncomplaisance1707 barrier1712 obstruct1747 dike1770 abatis1808 underbrush1888 bunker1900 bump1909 sprag1914 hurdle1924 headwind1927 mudhole1933 monkey wrench1937 roadblock1945 1689 Mem. God's last 29 Yrs. Wond. Eng. 64 Both which Bills were such Spokes in their Chariot-wheels, that made them drive much heavier. 1754 S. Foote Knights i. 16 So, Jack, here's a fresh Spoke in your Wheel... This is a cursed cross Incident! 1755 J. Kidgell Card II. 179 Here Mrs. Walker thought it would be no small Spoke in the Wheel of her present Design, to take up her Residence herself. 1845 B. Disraeli Sybil II. iv. xii. 285 Rely upon it a bold united front at this moment would be a spoke in the wheel. 1853 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes (1854) I. ix. 91 And thinks I there's a spoke in your wheel, you stuck-up little old Duchess. 5. transferred. †a. Botany. A pedicel or peduncle of an umbel; a radius or ray. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > inflorescence or collective flower > [noun] > of particular type, shape, or arrangement > umbel or ray spoke1578 umbel1597 muscary1657 umbella1699 radius1727 ray1727 universal umbel1760 umbellet1793 umbellule1793 sertulum1831 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 614 The spokes [of Ammi visnaga]..the Italians and Spaniardes doo use as tooth-pickes. 1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) I. 83 Spokes (radii), the fruit-stalks of flowers collected into Umbels or Umbellules. 1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 79 Fruit-stalks..forming a sort of umbel, the outer spokes of which are gradually shorter and shorter. b. A ray or beam of light, sunshine, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > [noun] > ray or beam beamc885 rowc1225 stringc1275 steamc1300 light beama1398 shafta1400 rayc1400 strakec1400 rade?a1563 gleed1566 radiation1570 shine1581 rayon1591 stralla1618 radius1620 rule1637 irradiation1643 track1693 emanation1700 spoke1849 spearc1850 slant1856 sword1866 secondary1921 1849 G. Cupples Green Hand vi, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Dec. 735/2 The sun had got low, and he shivered his dazzling spokes of light behind one edge of it [sc. a bank of vapour]. 1850 G. Cupples Green Hand vii. 80/1 While here and there a broad bright hazy spoke off the sun came cutting down into the forest. Compounds C1. attributive and in other combinations, as spoke-flange. Also spokeshave n.A number of technical uses are given and defined in E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. (1875) and Suppl. (1884), as spoke-auger, -clamp, -gage, -groove, -lathe, -wheel; spoke-pointer, -setter, -trimmer; spoke driving, -facing, -inserting, etc. ΚΠ 1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 277/1 The hub should not measure less than 2 in. between the spoke-flanges. C2. spoke-bone n. Anatomy = radius n. 1b. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > bones of arm or leg > bones of arm > [noun] > bones of forearm > radius speel-bone1307 cubit1398 wand-bone1488 radius1578 wand1634 shuttle1662 spoke-bonea1836 radius bone1910 a1836 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) VII. 303 [In fishes] there is usually an aperture between the lower edge of the spoke-bone and the upper edge of the ulna. a1836 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) VII. 326 The Fore-Arm [in birds] consists of two bones, the cubit and spoke-bone, of which the latter is always in a state of semipronation. spoke-brush n. (see quot.) ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > brushing or sweeping > [noun] > brush or broom besomc1000 bast broom1357 brush1377 broom14.. sweepc1475 duster1575 bristle brush1601 broom-besom1693 flag-broom1697 stock-brush1700 whisk1745 birch-broom1747 hair-broom1753 spry1796 corn-broomc1810 pope's head1824 whisker1825 sweeping-brusha1828 swish1844 spoke-brush1851 whisk broom1857 Turk's head1859 wisp1875 tube-brush1877 bass-broom?1881 crumb-brush1884 dusting-brush1907 palmetto brush1913 suede brush1915 swale1949 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 362/1 The street-vendors sell wash-leathers,..spoke-brushes (to clean carriage-wheels), and coach-mops. 1876 J. Greenwood Low-life Deeps 218 The sand-paperer..had caught up a spoke-brush, and was poising it for a throw. spoke-river n. (see quot.) ΚΠ 1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Spoke-river, a wheelwright, or shaper of spokes or rounds for ladders. spoke-wood n. (see quot.). ΚΠ 1851 J. Brown Forester (ed. 2) iv. 362 Young oaks, of the size generally termed spoke-wood, sell well. 1869 Archaeologia 42 126 Skewerwood..is also called spoke-wood. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2022). spokev. Brit. /spəʊk/, U.S. /spoʊk/ Etymology: < spoke n. 1. transitive. To furnish or provide with spokes or bars; to mark with spoke-like lines or rays. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > lie across [verb (transitive)] > furnish with cross-bars cross-line1598 crossbar1600 spoke1720 society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > furnish with wheel(s) [verb (transitive)] > furnish with specific parts ax1481 box1482 spoke1720 tree1765 spindle1833 collet1884 the world > space > relative position > inclination > divergence > thrust apart [verb (transitive)] > mark with radial lines spoke1890 1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad V. xxi. 45 As on a Fig-tree Top, his sounding Steel Lopp'd the green Arms to spoke a Chariot Wheel. 1756 M. Calderwood Lett. & Jrnls. (1884) ii. 39 This place [sc. pond] was open above, and covered only with a lid made of timber spoked, which opened to every hand like a chest. 1860 N. Hawthorne Marble Faun II. xxiv. 269 A triumphal car,..its slow-moving wheels encircled and spoked with foliage. 1890 R. Bridges Shorter Poems ii. 5 The white water-lily spoked with gold. 2. To thrust a spoke into (a wheel, etc.) in order to check movement; figurative to block, impede, or obstruct. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > check (in) a course of action stanchc1315 arrestc1374 checka1400 stem?c1450 stay1525 to take up1530 rebate1532 suspend1565 nip1575 countercheck1590 to nip in the bud1590 to clip the wings ofa1593 to nip in (also by, on) the head (also neck, pate)1594 trasha1616 to scotch the wheels of1648 spike1687 spoke1854 to pull up1861 society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > drive a vehicle [verb (transitive)] > drive a wheeled vehicle > apply brake to wheel trig1591 notch1674 skid1674 roughlock1828 drag1829 spoke1854 brake1868 1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 277 ‘Spoke your cart’ is a phrase of similar significancy. 1896 Daily News 4 June 5/4 Six pages of amendments skilfully handled are sufficient to spoke the wheels of any private Bill. 3. To drive or force (a wheel or vehicle) forward by pushing the spokes. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > drive a vehicle [verb (transitive)] > drive a wheeled vehicle > force wheel by pushing spokes spoke1860 1860 Chambers's Jrnl. 14 236 Those under the vehicle can ‘spoke’ the wheels forward. 1882 E. O'Donovan Merv Oasis I. iii. 54 The waggons, often down to the axle, had to be forcibly spoked forward by the men. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c888v.1720
随便看	have no concern formerly also concerns with have no concern with have no concernment with have no cousin have no cure of have no cure of a thing have no fancy with have no flies on have no great opinion of have no hips have no idea have no luck to have no mind have no objection have no opinion of have no other shift have no otherwise have no part nor lot in have no part of have no patience with have no right to have no right to do something have no show have no soul have no time for

spoken.

Compounds

spokev.