sphericaladj.n.

/ˈsfɛrɪkəl/

Forms: α. 1500s sperycall, 1500s–1600s sphericall, 1600s– spherical. β. 1500s–1800s sphærical (1600s sphæricall). γ. 1600s sphearicall.

Etymology: formed as spheric adj. + -al suffix¹.

A. adj.

a. Having the form of a sphere (or a segment of a sphere); globular.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > [adjective] > spherical or globular

roundc1300

orbicular?1440

spherical1523

spheral1571

globous1591

globy1595

bulbed1597

orbed1598

sphery1600

spheric1610

globical1612

rotundious1614

globular1626

globed1633

global1637

globose1667

spheriform1678

globosous1681

globar1699

bulbous1783

ball-shaped1802

globate1806

perispheric1828

bulb-like1836

balloon-shaped1839

bulbiform1849

globuloid1889

α.

1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 1514 Then to the heuyn sperycall vpwarde I gasid.

1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. xi. f. 315^v The Sphericall superficies, which is the limite..of a Sphere.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 508 The Earth being,..at the first forming of it, more perfectly sphericall.

1698 J. Keill Exam. Theory Earth (1734) 275 He will not suppose..that the Channel of the Sea is exactly of a Spherical surface.

1753 W. Hogarth Anal. Beauty 8 Connected circular threads, or lines, forming a true spherical shell.

1816 R. Jameson Treat. External Characters Minerals (ed. 2) 163 Supposing the molecules to be spherical.

1851 S. P. Woodward Man. Mollusca i. 38 Completely spherical pearls can only be formed loose in the..soft parts of the animal.

1871 B. Stewart Heat (ed. 2) §67 A kind of flask, either cylindrical or spherical.

β. 1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. dj^v Perpendiculars drawen to the Sphæricall Superficies of the earth.1610 J. Healey tr. J. L. Vives in tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xiii. xvii. 483 A center is that point in the midst of a sphæricall body from whence all lines drawne to the circumference are equall.1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus iv, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 175 Since many..sphæricall seeds arise from angular spindles.?1705 G. Berkeley in A. C. Fraser Life & Lett. G. Berkeley (1871) 483 Segments of sphærical surfaces.1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Lycoperdon The snow white sphærical lycoperdon.γ. 1594 T. Blundeville Exercises iii. ii. vi. f. 181 Sith the earth and the water..doe make together, one whole Sphericall or round bodie.

b. Of form or figure: Characteristic of a sphere.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > [adjective] > spherical or globular > characteristic of

sphericala1527

a1527 R. Thorne in R. Hakluyt Divers Voy. (1582) sig. D3 To set the forme Sphericall of the worlde in Plano after the true rule of Cosmographie.

1553 R. Eden in tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India Pref. sig. Avij Wyth what certayne demonstracions the Astronomers and Geometricians, proue the earth to bee rounde, and the Sphericall or rounde forme to bee mooste perfecte.

1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 260 They haue eyther a Sphæricall and heauenly, or at least-wise an Ouall forme.

1698 J. Keill Exam. Theory Earth (1734) 137 The Figure of the Earth which the Theorist rightly affirms not to have been exactly Spherical.

1803 Imison's Elements Sci. & Art (new ed.) I. 237 The machine used on this occasion was formed of silk of a spherical figure.

1868 W. Lockyer & J. N. Lockyer tr. A. Guillemin Heavens (ed. 3) 96 Its form is not rigorously spherical.

†c. spherical number n. a number whose powers always terminate in the same digit as the number itself. Obsolete. (Cf. circular adj. and n. Compounds 1)The only spherical numbers are 5, 6, and 10.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun] > produced in a certain way > circular or spherical numbers

spherical number1646

sphericity1658

circular number1796

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 219 As Plato first began, and some have endeavoured since by perfect and sphericall numbers .

1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus iii, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 141 The number of five is remarkable in every circle, not only as the first sphærical number, but the measure of sphærical motion.

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Circular Numbers, or Spherical ones, according to some, are such whose Powers terminate in the Roots themselves.

d. Circular. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > roundness > [adjective] > circular

trendledc1220

circle-likea1420

circular1430

compass?1523

compassed1551

circled1578

circuled1582

orbal1603

circulary1610

wheely1708

spherical1730

encircular1806

sphered1820

wheeled1820

moony1836

wheel-shaped1895

1730 A. Gordon tr. F. S. Maffei Compl. Hist. Anc. Amphitheatres 126 A spherical Building, with Towers at Intervals, as the City Tusculana appears in the Coins of the Sulpician Family.

2. Mathematics.

a. Of lines or figures: Drawn in, or on the surface of, a sphere; esp. spherical triangle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [adjective] > being acted upon > drawn > on or in shape

spherical1571

1571 T. Digges in L. Digges's Geom. Pract.: Pantometria x. sig. Y i ^v The axis and sphericall Diameter of thys Dodecaedron.

1585 J. Blagrave Math. Iewel (title page) The whole Artes of Astronomy... Dyalling, Sphericall triangles, Setting figures [etc.].

1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 136 Such like were the reasonings of sundry young Princes of divers Countries, who like sphericall lines came to meete all in one and the same center.

1678 T. Hobbes Decameron Physiologicum ix. 113 The Arch of a Spherical Angle is the side opposite to the Angle.

1715 tr. D. Gregory Elements Astron. I. iii. §43. 476 The spherical Triangle PLT.

a1831 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) I. 362/1 A spherical polygon is a portion of the surface of a sphere terminated by several arcs of great circles.

1860 A. Cayley Coll. Math. Papers (1891) IV. 428 The envelope of XY is a spherical conic.

1861 J. H. Parker Introd. Study Gothic Archit. (ed. 2) Gloss. Ind. 250 Spherical triangle, a triangular opening with curved sides, used in clearstory windows.

1886 G. B. Brown Schola to Cathedral iv. 168 The spherical pendentive, by which dome construction was brought to perfection.

b. Dealing with the properties of the sphere or spherical figures.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [adjective] > three-dimensional > spherical or spheroidal

spheric1559

spherical1728

spheroidal1876

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Spherical Geometry, the Doctrine of the Sphere; particularly of the Circles described on the Surface thereof.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Spherical Trigonometry, the Art of resolving Spherical Triangles.

1795 Playfair Elem. Geom. 279 Elements of Plane and Spherical Trigonometry.

1852 C. A. Bristed Five Years Eng. University (ed. 2) 220 To make sure of the two questions in Spherical Trigonometry, on the first morning's paper.

Categories »

c. Of or pertaining to, characteristic of, arising from, the sphere or its properties.Chiefly in special collocations, as spherical excess, spherical harmonic, spherical inversion, spherical projection, etc.: see the nouns.

d. spherical aberration: the failure of a spherical mirror or lens to cause rays of light to converge at a single point (as is effected by a parabolic mirror or lens).The distance of any ray from the geometrical focus, when measured along the axis, is its longitudinal aberration, and when measured at right angles to the axis, its lateral aberration.

ΚΠ

1868 J. N. Lockyer Elem. Lessons Astron. 217 If such an achromatic lens be truly made, and its curves properly regulated, it is said to have its spherical aberration corrected as well as its chromatic one, and the image of a star will form a nearly colourless point at its focus.

3. Of or pertaining to the celestial spheres.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > celestial sphere > zone of celestial sphere > sphere of ancient astronomy > [adjective]

crystalc1450

sphery1600

sphericala1616

spheric1648

spheral1829

a1616 W. Shakespeare King Lear (1623) i. ii. 121 As if we were..Knaues, Theeues, and Treachers by Sphericall predominance.

a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) ii. xi. §1. 310 This sphericall motion of the heauens.

1838 E. B. Browning Isobel's Child xxxi A harp whose strings are..tuned to music spherical.

a. spherical compasses, spherical lathe: (see quots.). spherical wave: a wave in which the wave fronts are concentric spheres.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > types of motion > [noun] > wave > types of wave

long wave1792

internal wave1804

stationary wave1833

solitary wave1838

standing wave1845

travelling wave1845

pressure wave1871

ripple1871

surface wave1887

sine wave1893

Rayleigh wave1903

shock wave1907

spherical wave1907

Love wave1924

bow shock1938

Rossby wave1951

soliton1965

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2264/2 Spherical Lathe, a lathe for turning spheres.

1891 Cent. Dict. Spherical compasses, a kind of calipers for measuring globular bodies.

1907 Chem. Abstr. 1 1470 The spherical wave of explosion is propagated in a fluid medium according to formulas analogous to those derived for plane waves.

1976 D. Ross Mechanics of Underwater Noise ii. 35 The intensity of a spherical wave is proportional to the square of the pressure.

b. spherical pendulum n. a pendulum so contrived that the bob can move in any circle on a given spherical surface (the same as conical pendulum).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > support > hanging or suspension > [noun] > that which hangs or is suspended > a pendulum > types of

compound pendulum1723

simple pendulum1728

inverted pendulum1773

horizontal pendulum1775

conical pendulum1813

spherical pendulum1862

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > [noun] > swinging or oscillation of suspended body > that which > pendulum > types of

compound pendulum1723

simple pendulum1728

inverted pendulum1773

horizontal pendulum1775

conical pendulum1813

spherical pendulum1862

1862 A. Cayley Coll. Math. Papers IV. 525 That the motion of the spherical pendulum is sensibly affected by the rotation of the Earth is the well-known discovery of Foucault.

5. Forming parasynthetic adjectives, as spherical-bodied, spherical-roofed, spherical-surfaced.

ΚΠ

1804 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. V. ii. 432 Spherical-bodied Diodon, with triangular spines.

1946 Nature 26 Oct. 26 583/2 The abberations of a spherical mirror are corrected by a single spherical-surfaced meniscus lens.

1977 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 13 Oct. 16/1 The spherical-roofed auditorium at CIA headquarters in Langley.

B. n.

A spherical body. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > [noun] > sphericity or globularity > sphere

spherea1398

sphericity1625

spherical1652

1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια xxvi. sig. i2 All these Arts are chiefly conversant about the spherical, or round, whether figure, or number, or motion; they are forced..to confesse, that a perfect round, or spherical, is no where to be found.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	spherical
释义	sphericaladj.n. /ˈsfɛrɪkəl/ Forms: α. 1500s sperycall, 1500s–1600s sphericall, 1600s– spherical. β. 1500s–1800s sphærical (1600s sphæricall). γ. 1600s sphearicall. Etymology: formed as spheric adj. + -al suffix¹. A. adj. 1. a. Having the form of a sphere (or a segment of a sphere); globular. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > [adjective] > spherical or globular roundc1300 orbicular?1440 spherical1523 spheral1571 globous1591 globy1595 bulbed1597 orbed1598 sphery1600 spheric1610 globical1612 rotundious1614 globular1626 globed1633 global1637 globose1667 spheriform1678 globosous1681 globar1699 bulbous1783 ball-shaped1802 globate1806 perispheric1828 bulb-like1836 balloon-shaped1839 bulbiform1849 globuloid1889 α. 1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 1514 Then to the heuyn sperycall vpwarde I gasid. 1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. xi. f. 315^v The Sphericall superficies, which is the limite..of a Sphere. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 508 The Earth being,..at the first forming of it, more perfectly sphericall. 1698 J. Keill Exam. Theory Earth (1734) 275 He will not suppose..that the Channel of the Sea is exactly of a Spherical surface. 1753 W. Hogarth Anal. Beauty 8 Connected circular threads, or lines, forming a true spherical shell. 1816 R. Jameson Treat. External Characters Minerals (ed. 2) 163 Supposing the molecules to be spherical. 1851 S. P. Woodward Man. Mollusca i. 38 Completely spherical pearls can only be formed loose in the..soft parts of the animal. 1871 B. Stewart Heat (ed. 2) §67 A kind of flask, either cylindrical or spherical. β. 1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. dj^v Perpendiculars drawen to the Sphæricall Superficies of the earth.1610 J. Healey tr. J. L. Vives in tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xiii. xvii. 483 A center is that point in the midst of a sphæricall body from whence all lines drawne to the circumference are equall.1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus iv, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 175 Since many..sphæricall seeds arise from angular spindles.?1705 G. Berkeley in A. C. Fraser Life & Lett. G. Berkeley (1871) 483 Segments of sphærical surfaces.1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Lycoperdon The snow white sphærical lycoperdon.γ. 1594 T. Blundeville Exercises iii. ii. vi. f. 181 Sith the earth and the water..doe make together, one whole Sphericall or round bodie. b. Of form or figure: Characteristic of a sphere. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > [adjective] > spherical or globular > characteristic of sphericala1527 a1527 R. Thorne in R. Hakluyt Divers Voy. (1582) sig. D3 To set the forme Sphericall of the worlde in Plano after the true rule of Cosmographie. 1553 R. Eden in tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India Pref. sig. Avij Wyth what certayne demonstracions the Astronomers and Geometricians, proue the earth to bee rounde, and the Sphericall or rounde forme to bee mooste perfecte. 1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 260 They haue eyther a Sphæricall and heauenly, or at least-wise an Ouall forme. 1698 J. Keill Exam. Theory Earth (1734) 137 The Figure of the Earth which the Theorist rightly affirms not to have been exactly Spherical. 1803 Imison's Elements Sci. & Art (new ed.) I. 237 The machine used on this occasion was formed of silk of a spherical figure. 1868 W. Lockyer & J. N. Lockyer tr. A. Guillemin Heavens (ed. 3) 96 Its form is not rigorously spherical. †c. spherical number n. a number whose powers always terminate in the same digit as the number itself. Obsolete. (Cf. circular adj. and n. Compounds 1)The only spherical numbers are 5, 6, and 10. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun] > produced in a certain way > circular or spherical numbers spherical number1646 sphericity1658 circular number1796 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 219 As Plato first began, and some have endeavoured since by perfect and sphericall numbers . View more context for this quotation 1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus iii, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 141 The number of five is remarkable in every circle, not only as the first sphærical number, but the measure of sphærical motion. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Circular Numbers, or Spherical ones, according to some, are such whose Powers terminate in the Roots themselves. d. Circular. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > roundness > [adjective] > circular trendledc1220 circle-likea1420 circular1430 compass?1523 compassed1551 circled1578 circuled1582 orbal1603 circulary1610 wheely1708 spherical1730 encircular1806 sphered1820 wheeled1820 moony1836 wheel-shaped1895 1730 A. Gordon tr. F. S. Maffei Compl. Hist. Anc. Amphitheatres 126 A spherical Building, with Towers at Intervals, as the City Tusculana appears in the Coins of the Sulpician Family. 2. Mathematics. a. Of lines or figures: Drawn in, or on the surface of, a sphere; esp. spherical triangle. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [adjective] > being acted upon > drawn > on or in shape spherical1571 1571 T. Digges in L. Digges's Geom. Pract.: Pantometria x. sig. Y i ^v The axis and sphericall Diameter of thys Dodecaedron. 1585 J. Blagrave Math. Iewel (title page) The whole Artes of Astronomy... Dyalling, Sphericall triangles, Setting figures [etc.]. 1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 136 Such like were the reasonings of sundry young Princes of divers Countries, who like sphericall lines came to meete all in one and the same center. 1678 T. Hobbes Decameron Physiologicum ix. 113 The Arch of a Spherical Angle is the side opposite to the Angle. 1715 tr. D. Gregory Elements Astron. I. iii. §43. 476 The spherical Triangle PLT. a1831 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) I. 362/1 A spherical polygon is a portion of the surface of a sphere terminated by several arcs of great circles. 1860 A. Cayley Coll. Math. Papers (1891) IV. 428 The envelope of XY is a spherical conic. 1861 J. H. Parker Introd. Study Gothic Archit. (ed. 2) Gloss. Ind. 250 Spherical triangle, a triangular opening with curved sides, used in clearstory windows. 1886 G. B. Brown Schola to Cathedral iv. 168 The spherical pendentive, by which dome construction was brought to perfection. b. Dealing with the properties of the sphere or spherical figures. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [adjective] > three-dimensional > spherical or spheroidal spheric1559 spherical1728 spheroidal1876 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Spherical Geometry, the Doctrine of the Sphere; particularly of the Circles described on the Surface thereof. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Spherical Trigonometry, the Art of resolving Spherical Triangles. 1795 Playfair Elem. Geom. 279 Elements of Plane and Spherical Trigonometry. 1852 C. A. Bristed Five Years Eng. University (ed. 2) 220 To make sure of the two questions in Spherical Trigonometry, on the first morning's paper. Categories » c. Of or pertaining to, characteristic of, arising from, the sphere or its properties.Chiefly in special collocations, as spherical excess, spherical harmonic, spherical inversion, spherical projection, etc.: see the nouns. d. spherical aberration: the failure of a spherical mirror or lens to cause rays of light to converge at a single point (as is effected by a parabolic mirror or lens).The distance of any ray from the geometrical focus, when measured along the axis, is its longitudinal aberration, and when measured at right angles to the axis, its lateral aberration. ΚΠ 1868 J. N. Lockyer Elem. Lessons Astron. 217 If such an achromatic lens be truly made, and its curves properly regulated, it is said to have its spherical aberration corrected as well as its chromatic one, and the image of a star will form a nearly colourless point at its focus. 3. Of or pertaining to the celestial spheres. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > celestial sphere > zone of celestial sphere > sphere of ancient astronomy > [adjective] crystalc1450 sphery1600 sphericala1616 spheric1648 spheral1829 a1616 W. Shakespeare King Lear (1623) i. ii. 121 As if we were..Knaues, Theeues, and Treachers by Sphericall predominance. a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) ii. xi. §1. 310 This sphericall motion of the heauens. 1838 E. B. Browning Isobel's Child xxxi A harp whose strings are..tuned to music spherical. 4. a. spherical compasses, spherical lathe: (see quots.). spherical wave: a wave in which the wave fronts are concentric spheres. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > types of motion > [noun] > wave > types of wave long wave1792 internal wave1804 stationary wave1833 solitary wave1838 standing wave1845 travelling wave1845 pressure wave1871 ripple1871 surface wave1887 sine wave1893 Rayleigh wave1903 shock wave1907 spherical wave1907 Love wave1924 bow shock1938 Rossby wave1951 soliton1965 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2264/2 Spherical Lathe, a lathe for turning spheres. 1891 Cent. Dict. Spherical compasses, a kind of calipers for measuring globular bodies. 1907 Chem. Abstr. 1 1470 The spherical wave of explosion is propagated in a fluid medium according to formulas analogous to those derived for plane waves. 1976 D. Ross Mechanics of Underwater Noise ii. 35 The intensity of a spherical wave is proportional to the square of the pressure. b. spherical pendulum n. a pendulum so contrived that the bob can move in any circle on a given spherical surface (the same as conical pendulum). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > support > hanging or suspension > [noun] > that which hangs or is suspended > a pendulum > types of compound pendulum1723 simple pendulum1728 inverted pendulum1773 horizontal pendulum1775 conical pendulum1813 spherical pendulum1862 the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > [noun] > swinging or oscillation of suspended body > that which > pendulum > types of compound pendulum1723 simple pendulum1728 inverted pendulum1773 horizontal pendulum1775 conical pendulum1813 spherical pendulum1862 1862 A. Cayley Coll. Math. Papers IV. 525 That the motion of the spherical pendulum is sensibly affected by the rotation of the Earth is the well-known discovery of Foucault. 5. Forming parasynthetic adjectives, as spherical-bodied, spherical-roofed, spherical-surfaced. ΚΠ 1804 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. V. ii. 432 Spherical-bodied Diodon, with triangular spines. 1946 Nature 26 Oct. 26 583/2 The abberations of a spherical mirror are corrected by a single spherical-surfaced meniscus lens. 1977 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 13 Oct. 16/1 The spherical-roofed auditorium at CIA headquarters in Langley. B. n. A spherical body. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > [noun] > sphericity or globularity > sphere spherea1398 sphericity1625 spherical1652 1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια xxvi. sig. i2 All these Arts are chiefly conversant about the spherical, or round, whether figure, or number, or motion; they are forced..to confesse, that a perfect round, or spherical, is no where to be found. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.1523
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