spiritualismn.

Brit.

/ˈspɪrᵻtʃᵿlɪz(ə)m/,

/ˈspɪrᵻtʃl̩ɪz(ə)m/, U.S.

/ˈspɪrᵻtʃ(əw)əˌlɪz(ə)m/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: spiritual adj., -ism suffix.

Etymology: < spiritual adj. + -ism suffix. Compare earlier spiritualist n. Compare also earlier spirituality n., spiritualty n., spiritualness n.In sense 2 originally after French spiritualisme (1748 in this sense, in the passage translated in quot. 1749).

a. Attention to or concern for spiritual (as opposed to worldly or material) matters or pursuits; spirituality, spiritual-mindedness. In early use also: (somewhat depreciative) excessive devotion to spiritual or mystical ideas or beliefs; mysticism. Cf. spiritualist n. 1a.Influenced or informed by (and sometimes difficult to distinguish from) sense 2, esp. in later use.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > [noun]

ghostlinesslOE

spiritala1393

spiritualtya1398

spiritualtyc1400

spiritualityc1485

inhabitation1615

spiritual-mindedness1647

spiritual1649

sprituality1694

spiritualism1744

otherworldliness1817

disattachment1846

supersensualism1847

otherworldism1872

other-worldness1872

upliftedness1893

1744 Education 17 A diffusion that composed a Code of the most refin'd Spiritualism in Love.

1763 W. Warburton Doctr. Grace (ed. 2) II. vii. 128 That Wisdom which divests the Christian Faith of its Truth..and resolves all into internal feelings, into mystic spiritualism, and extatic raptures..can never be the wisdom which is from above.

1766 Biographium Fæmineum I. 258 Letters were sent from the provinces where she [sc. Madam Guyon] had been, complaining of her spiritualism.

1857 U.S. Mag. Jan. 24/2 Her exquisite sensibilities, and fine lady-like manners, her deep spiritualism and profoundly intellectual capabilities, rendered her a marked favorite in the institution whither she was permitted to go at an early age.

1869 J. R. Seeley Lect. & Ess. v. 133 Religion re-assumed its ancient Judaic form of austere and ardent spiritualism.

1884 Contemp. Rev. Feb. 264 The very source of [Dante's] inspiration is the austere spiritualism of the Catholic creed.

1979 Amer. Ethnologist 6 769 Cosmopolitan humanists who stressed interior spiritualism rather than doctrinaire ritualism.

2012 Central European Hist. 45 681 Eastern spiritualism was characterized as an antidote to excessive western rationalism.

b. As a count noun: a spiritual belief, idea, maxim, etc.; (also) a spiritual outlook or world view; a set of spiritual beliefs or teachings (cf. spirituality n. 2d).

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > [noun] > spiritual view

spiritualism1847

spirituality1905

1847 G. Dawson Demands Age upon Church 4 The Christian Church is the means through which immutable spiritualisms are applied to an ever-shifting and varying state of things.

1880 Congregationalist 23 June 196/8 Discussions: The Sabbath;..Loyalty to the Church—to its Material Prosperity, its Doctrinal Belief, and Spiritualisms.

1943 Indian Jrnl. Polit. Sci. 4 282 There are violent and aspiring nationalisms, bigoted and inspiring spiritualisms, fanatic racialisms and alluring socialisms which..turn the current of geography or history.

1981 Evening Rev. (E. Liverpool, Ohio) 28 Feb. 6/6 The ever present temptation to avoid the harsh problems of the world from the perspective of our faith by glossing over them with quaint spiritualisms.

2009 Mystics Q. 35 68 His [sc. Philip the Fair's] reign was concurrent with a profusion of spiritualisms, which, challenging the power of the Church, gave rise to a climate of paranoia.

c. Spiritual nature or character; (also) an example of this; a spiritual quality or feature.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > materiality > immateriality > [noun] > spirituality or being incorporeal

ghostlinesslOE

spiritaltya1500

spiritualness?1526

spirituality1632

spiritality1677

supersensuousness1842

spiritualism1853

1853 Illustr. Mag. Art 2 288/2 The grace of Le Sueur..is impregnated with a spiritualism which touches and goes right to the heart of us.

1855 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity VI. xiv. ii. 432 Dante [could]..represent such things with the most objective truth, yet without disturbing their fine spiritualism.

1856 Ladies' Monthly Mag. Feb. In the case of the two beings whom we have brought before our readers, these spiritualisms appeared to exist with less of the alloy than might be found elsewhere among the children of men.

1971 Alton (Illinois) Evening Tel. 5 Feb. a10/8 Her styling includes calypso phrasing, lyricism, rhythmic outbursts, and deep spiritualism.

2007 T. Shlyak & R. Brimacombe in tr. N. Brodskaïa Symbolism 191 Always coloured by a deep spiritualism, in essence symbolic, the works of Denis..draw us into a world that has an atmosphere of unreality.

2. Belief in the existence or primacy of a spiritual or non-material world distinct from matter and not perceptible to the bodily senses, esp. as a leading principle in philosophy or religion; a doctrine or system of thought founded on such a belief. Frequently opposed to materialism n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > absolute idealism > [noun] > spiritualism (as opposed to materialism)

spiritualism1749

spiritualistics1856

society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > [noun] > belief in

spiritualism1749

animism1869

society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > [noun] > tendency towards or advocacy of

spiritualism1749

1749 tr. J. Offray de la Mettrie Man a Machine 5 The systems of philosophers in respect to the soul of man, are reducible to two. The first and most ancient is the system of materialism; the second that of spiritualism [Fr. spiritualisme].

1796 F. A. Nitsch Gen. View Kant's Princ. conc. Man 52 Materialism, Idealism, Spiritualism, and Scepticism, are merely Ideals, which can only be approached, but never reached.

1836 E. Bulwer-Lytton Athens (1837) II. 408 The serene and lofty spiritualism of Anaxagoras.

1903 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 9 274 The outworn philosophic antithesis between materialism and spiritualism.

1980 Stud. in Soviet Thought 21 8 It is senseless to inquire whether this view is a materialism or a spiritualism.

2012 M. A. Johnstone in B. Inwood Oxf. Stud. Anc. Philos. 43 145 I conclude that neither spiritualism nor literalism provides a satisfactory account of Aristotle's theory of smell.

†3. The exercise of the mind or the intellectual faculties; the application of reason as opposed to physical prowess. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > [noun] > as opposed to matter

sense1519

mind1745

spiritualism1834

the mind > mental capacity > intellect > [noun] > exercise of intellect

spiritualism1834

intellectation1844

1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus ii. viii, in Fraser's Mag. Apr. 447/1 Savage Animalism is nothing, inventive Spiritualism is all.

4. Belief in the existence and influence of spiritual or incorporeal beings or entities. rare.Sometimes difficult to distinguish from sense 5.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > [noun] > belief in existence of

spiritualism1850

1850 J. R. Logan in Jrnl. Indian Archipel. & Eastern Asia 4 552 I would proceed at once to facts illustrative of the different forms of spiritualism which prevail in Eastern Asia and Asianesia.

1871 E. B. Tylor Primitive Culture I. 385 The sense of Spiritualism in its wider acceptation, the general doctrine of spiritual beings, is here given to Animism.

1987 J. Saltman Mod. Canad. Children's Bks. 11 Magical stories [which]..incorporate elements of the awesome British Columbia landscape and Indian spiritualism.

5. Frequently with capital initial. The belief that incorporeal spirits (esp. those of the dead) can make themselves known to or communicate with the living, typically by means of a medium (medium n. 6b); a system of belief or practice founded on this. Cf. spiritism n.Sometimes distinguished as modern spiritualism, the spiritualist movement developed in the United States in the period after 1848, and was at its height in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > the occult > spiritualism > [noun]

ghostism1850

spiritualism1851

spiritism1856

psychomancy1865

metapsychics1905

metapsychism1922

1851 Ohio Observer 16 Apr. 54/5 The new work of A. J. Davis, whose life has been spent in the fogs of spiritualism.

1851 Cleveland (Ohio) Herald 5 Sept. The Cincinnati expose drives the last nail in the coffin of this modern spiritualism, and he who believes in it now does so from a desire to be humbugged.

1877 Spirit of Times 24 Nov. 455/1 It is known that Mr. Henry Isherwood, the talented scenic artist, is a believer in Spiritualism.

1948 Times Lit. Suppl. 22 May 295/2 A biography of three sisters, Leah, Margaretta and Kate Fox, who were..pioneers of modern spiritualism.

2011 Pittsburgh Trib. Rev. (Nexis) 31 July Lily Dale..was established in 1879 and is the world's largest center for the practice of Spiritualism.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	spiritualism
释义	spiritualismn. Brit. /ˈspɪrᵻtʃᵿlɪz(ə)m/, /ˈspɪrᵻtʃl̩ɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /ˈspɪrᵻtʃ(əw)əˌlɪz(ə)m/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: spiritual adj., -ism suffix. Etymology: < spiritual adj. + -ism suffix. Compare earlier spiritualist n. Compare also earlier spirituality n., spiritualty n., spiritualness n.In sense 2 originally after French spiritualisme (1748 in this sense, in the passage translated in quot. 1749). 1. a. Attention to or concern for spiritual (as opposed to worldly or material) matters or pursuits; spirituality, spiritual-mindedness. In early use also: (somewhat depreciative) excessive devotion to spiritual or mystical ideas or beliefs; mysticism. Cf. spiritualist n. 1a.Influenced or informed by (and sometimes difficult to distinguish from) sense 2, esp. in later use. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > [noun] ghostlinesslOE spiritala1393 spiritualtya1398 spiritualtyc1400 spiritualityc1485 inhabitation1615 spiritual-mindedness1647 spiritual1649 sprituality1694 spiritualism1744 otherworldliness1817 disattachment1846 supersensualism1847 otherworldism1872 other-worldness1872 upliftedness1893 1744 Education 17 A diffusion that composed a Code of the most refin'd Spiritualism in Love. 1763 W. Warburton Doctr. Grace (ed. 2) II. vii. 128 That Wisdom which divests the Christian Faith of its Truth..and resolves all into internal feelings, into mystic spiritualism, and extatic raptures..can never be the wisdom which is from above. 1766 Biographium Fæmineum I. 258 Letters were sent from the provinces where she [sc. Madam Guyon] had been, complaining of her spiritualism. 1857 U.S. Mag. Jan. 24/2 Her exquisite sensibilities, and fine lady-like manners, her deep spiritualism and profoundly intellectual capabilities, rendered her a marked favorite in the institution whither she was permitted to go at an early age. 1869 J. R. Seeley Lect. & Ess. v. 133 Religion re-assumed its ancient Judaic form of austere and ardent spiritualism. 1884 Contemp. Rev. Feb. 264 The very source of [Dante's] inspiration is the austere spiritualism of the Catholic creed. 1979 Amer. Ethnologist 6 769 Cosmopolitan humanists who stressed interior spiritualism rather than doctrinaire ritualism. 2012 Central European Hist. 45 681 Eastern spiritualism was characterized as an antidote to excessive western rationalism. b. As a count noun: a spiritual belief, idea, maxim, etc.; (also) a spiritual outlook or world view; a set of spiritual beliefs or teachings (cf. spirituality n. 2d). ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > [noun] > spiritual view spiritualism1847 spirituality1905 1847 G. Dawson Demands Age upon Church 4 The Christian Church is the means through which immutable spiritualisms are applied to an ever-shifting and varying state of things. 1880 Congregationalist 23 June 196/8 Discussions: The Sabbath;..Loyalty to the Church—to its Material Prosperity, its Doctrinal Belief, and Spiritualisms. 1943 Indian Jrnl. Polit. Sci. 4 282 There are violent and aspiring nationalisms, bigoted and inspiring spiritualisms, fanatic racialisms and alluring socialisms which..turn the current of geography or history. 1981 Evening Rev. (E. Liverpool, Ohio) 28 Feb. 6/6 The ever present temptation to avoid the harsh problems of the world from the perspective of our faith by glossing over them with quaint spiritualisms. 2009 Mystics Q. 35 68 His [sc. Philip the Fair's] reign was concurrent with a profusion of spiritualisms, which, challenging the power of the Church, gave rise to a climate of paranoia. c. Spiritual nature or character; (also) an example of this; a spiritual quality or feature. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > materiality > immateriality > [noun] > spirituality or being incorporeal ghostlinesslOE spiritaltya1500 spiritualness?1526 spirituality1632 spiritality1677 supersensuousness1842 spiritualism1853 1853 Illustr. Mag. Art 2 288/2 The grace of Le Sueur..is impregnated with a spiritualism which touches and goes right to the heart of us. 1855 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity VI. xiv. ii. 432 Dante [could]..represent such things with the most objective truth, yet without disturbing their fine spiritualism. 1856 Ladies' Monthly Mag. Feb. In the case of the two beings whom we have brought before our readers, these spiritualisms appeared to exist with less of the alloy than might be found elsewhere among the children of men. 1971 Alton (Illinois) Evening Tel. 5 Feb. a10/8 Her styling includes calypso phrasing, lyricism, rhythmic outbursts, and deep spiritualism. 2007 T. Shlyak & R. Brimacombe in tr. N. Brodskaïa Symbolism 191 Always coloured by a deep spiritualism, in essence symbolic, the works of Denis..draw us into a world that has an atmosphere of unreality. 2. Belief in the existence or primacy of a spiritual or non-material world distinct from matter and not perceptible to the bodily senses, esp. as a leading principle in philosophy or religion; a doctrine or system of thought founded on such a belief. Frequently opposed to materialism n. 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > absolute idealism > [noun] > spiritualism (as opposed to materialism) spiritualism1749 spiritualistics1856 society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > [noun] > belief in spiritualism1749 animism1869 society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > [noun] > tendency towards or advocacy of spiritualism1749 1749 tr. J. Offray de la Mettrie Man a Machine 5 The systems of philosophers in respect to the soul of man, are reducible to two. The first and most ancient is the system of materialism; the second that of spiritualism [Fr. spiritualisme]. 1796 F. A. Nitsch Gen. View Kant's Princ. conc. Man 52 Materialism, Idealism, Spiritualism, and Scepticism, are merely Ideals, which can only be approached, but never reached. 1836 E. Bulwer-Lytton Athens (1837) II. 408 The serene and lofty spiritualism of Anaxagoras. 1903 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 9 274 The outworn philosophic antithesis between materialism and spiritualism. 1980 Stud. in Soviet Thought 21 8 It is senseless to inquire whether this view is a materialism or a spiritualism. 2012 M. A. Johnstone in B. Inwood Oxf. Stud. Anc. Philos. 43 145 I conclude that neither spiritualism nor literalism provides a satisfactory account of Aristotle's theory of smell. †3. The exercise of the mind or the intellectual faculties; the application of reason as opposed to physical prowess. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > [noun] > as opposed to matter sense1519 mind1745 spiritualism1834 the mind > mental capacity > intellect > [noun] > exercise of intellect spiritualism1834 intellectation1844 1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus ii. viii, in Fraser's Mag. Apr. 447/1 Savage Animalism is nothing, inventive Spiritualism is all. 4. Belief in the existence and influence of spiritual or incorporeal beings or entities. rare.Sometimes difficult to distinguish from sense 5. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > [noun] > belief in existence of spiritualism1850 1850 J. R. Logan in Jrnl. Indian Archipel. & Eastern Asia 4 552 I would proceed at once to facts illustrative of the different forms of spiritualism which prevail in Eastern Asia and Asianesia. 1871 E. B. Tylor Primitive Culture I. 385 The sense of Spiritualism in its wider acceptation, the general doctrine of spiritual beings, is here given to Animism. 1987 J. Saltman Mod. Canad. Children's Bks. 11 Magical stories [which]..incorporate elements of the awesome British Columbia landscape and Indian spiritualism. 5. Frequently with capital initial. The belief that incorporeal spirits (esp. those of the dead) can make themselves known to or communicate with the living, typically by means of a medium (medium n. 6b); a system of belief or practice founded on this. Cf. spiritism n.Sometimes distinguished as modern spiritualism, the spiritualist movement developed in the United States in the period after 1848, and was at its height in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > the occult > spiritualism > [noun] ghostism1850 spiritualism1851 spiritism1856 psychomancy1865 metapsychics1905 metapsychism1922 1851 Ohio Observer 16 Apr. 54/5 The new work of A. J. Davis, whose life has been spent in the fogs of spiritualism. 1851 Cleveland (Ohio) Herald 5 Sept. The Cincinnati expose drives the last nail in the coffin of this modern spiritualism, and he who believes in it now does so from a desire to be humbugged. 1877 Spirit of Times 24 Nov. 455/1 It is known that Mr. Henry Isherwood, the talented scenic artist, is a believer in Spiritualism. 1948 Times Lit. Suppl. 22 May 295/2 A biography of three sisters, Leah, Margaretta and Kate Fox, who were..pioneers of modern spiritualism. 2011 Pittsburgh Trib. Rev. (Nexis) 31 July Lily Dale..was established in 1879 and is the world's largest center for the practice of Spiritualism. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1744
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