单词 | spiritless |
释义 | spiritlessadj. 1. Marked or characterized by a lack of true faith; devoid of spiritual qualities. Now somewhat rare and coloured by other senses. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > [adjective] > lukewarm or lacking enthusiasm coolOE luke1340 tepid1513 lukewarmc1522 unearnest1542 spiritless1566 zeallessa1594 faint1596 unfiery1598 tepidous1607 Laodicean1633 heartless1636 unzealous1643 slight1660 unenthusiastic1805 teporous1821 coolish1850 ice-cool1891 demotivated1963 meh2007 1566 J. Barthlet Pedegrewe Heretiques f. 83v Whose religion..hath vnder mighty and thundering termes, being otherwise senselesse and spiritlesse, ruled the poore sely soules. ?1575 C. Vitell tr. H. Niclaes Prouerbia xiii. 31 The Spiritlesse-persons, do highlie vaunt them of the holie Spirit. 1633 W. Crompton Explic. Princ. Christian Relig. 286 A spiritlesse Amen, without any inward feeling, faith or feruency. 1680 H. More Apocalypsis Apocalypseos iii. 37 And buy of Me white rayment, O Spiritless Laodicea, and desire to be cloathed with thy Spiritual Tabernacle from Heaven. 1782 P. M. Cornwall Serm. before Glocestershire Soc. 11 A dead spiritless faith would not justify us before men. 1842 W. F. Hone Comments on Epist. 144 This temptation to a prayerless life, to a spiritless prayer, must be watched, marked, resisted. 1997 Southern Literary Jrnl. 28 60 The family becomes victim of a spiritless religion and a society inebriated on its own material success. 2. Lacking or deprived of a spirit or life-giving principle; (hence) lifeless, dead. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > absence of life or consciousness > [adjective] lifelessOE unlivingOE bloodless and bonelessOE deadlya1225 dead1430 natureless1548 exanimate1552 inanimatea1555 unlively1563 spiritless1570 unquickened1610 unanimate1615 inanimal1623 inanimated1646 unvital1661 unanimated1697 unbreathing1709 unconscious1744 pulseless1820 azoic1854 not-living1869 abiotic1873 unvitalized1874 1570 T. Norton tr. A. Nowell Catechisme i. f. 8 There can be no likenesse or agreing betwene God which is a spirit, eternall, vnmeasurable, infinite,..and a fraile, bodily, silly, spiritlesse, and vaine shape. ?1609 G. Chapman tr. Homer Twelue Bks. Iliads xii. 211 The man so late so spirit-full Fell now quite spirit-less to earth. a1625 J. Fletcher Bonduca v. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Iiii2/1 'T is the body of the great Captain Penyus, by himself made cold and spiritlesse. 1680 H. More Apocalypsis Apocalypseos xiii. 133 This Image was no spiritless Image, sluggish and harmless like an inanimate Statue. 1705 T. Greenhill Νεκροκηδεια 5 Nature admonishes us, that the spiritless Body should be restor'd to the Earth. 1766 J. Entick New Spelling Dict. (ed. 2) Exanimate, lifeless, spiritless, dead. 1852 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 5) 346 A work or thought..may Be..like the air,..Sweeping miles broad o'er far western woods,..Or may be, nothing—bodiless, spiritless. 1897 Era 18 Dec. 13/1 The strong, active body is stiffened into a spiritless corpse. 1910 E. B. Ferguson Lump of Gold xii. 64 His spiritless body was lowered in the receptacle of solitude. 1975 Amer. Lit. 47 83 Man realizes that he is neither a disembodied mind split off from the world nor a spiritless organism. 2003 Times Higher Educ. Suppl. (Nexis) 21 Mar. 29 In Warner's scheme, a zombie is a spiritless husk left behind after soul is split from body. 3. Lacking dynamic qualities; characterized by the absence of animation, energy, or zest. a. Of a thing, esp. a literary or artistic work. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > the arts in general > [adjective] > qualities of works generally wateryc1230 polite?a1500 meagre1539 over-laboured1579 bald1589 spiritless1592 light1597 meretricious1633 standing1661 effectual1662 airy1664 severe1665 correct1676 enervatea1704 free1728 classic1743 academic1752 academical1752 chaste1753 nerveless1763 epic1769 crude1786 effective1790 creative1791 soulless1794 mannered1796 manneristical1830 manneristic1837 subjective1840 inartisticala1849 abstract1857 inartistic1859 literary1900 period1905 atmospheric1908 dateless1908 atmosphered1920 non-naturalistic1925 self-indulgent1926 free-styled1933 soft-centred1935 freestyle1938 pseudish1938 decadent1942 post-human1944 kitschy1946 faux-naïf1958 spare1965 society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > weakness or feebleness > [adjective] > vapid or insipid > spiritless or uninspired spiritless1592 unspirited1751 soulless1794 1592 T. Nashe Strange Newes sig. G4 v His Poetry more spiritlesse than smal beere. 1675 R. Boyle Exper. & Observ. Tasts 35 in Exper. Particular Qualities The juice of Grapes, which, from a sweet and spiritless Liquour, do..acquire that pleasing pungency and briskness of tast that belongs to Wine. 1685 J. Yonge Medicaster Medicatus Pref. sig. A6 One whose insipid, spiritless writings, could not flame by opposition. 1737 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 12/2 A literal Translation of the Hebrew Code..must necessarily be,..at best, but flat, insipid, and spiritless. 1797 T. Holcroft tr. F. L. Stolberg Trav. I. xlvi. 303 These colours, when singly laid on, are entirely spiritless. 1801 M. Edgeworth Prussian Vase in Moral Tales III. 2 It was her business, to sketch designs..but..the figures were awkward, and spiritless. 1882 ‘E. Lyall’ Donovan I. v. 112 This singularly dull and spiritless meal. 1941 Wisconsin State Jrnl. 25 May 18/3 They are spiritless paintings with the exception of the works of Mary Elizabeth Brooks. 1987 Hispania 70 655/2 Some of the poems are light and fun; others are dull and spiritless. 2016 Times (Nexis) 17 Nov. 13 The Van Gogh Museum described the sketches as imitations, saying that they were monotonous, clumsy and spiritless. b. Of a person, or his or her behaviour, speech, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > [adjective] > lacking animation deadOE lifelessOE unquickc1475 exanimate?c1550 flat1604 unsprighty1607 spiritless1609 dead-alive1617 fireless1647 uninformed1709 inanimate1713 unanimated1734 nerveless1735 inanimated1753 dispirited1758 dead and alive1863 unalive1905 pepless1909 zipless1922 soggy1928 undead1936 1609 R. Abbot 3rd Pt. Def. Reformed Catholike 166 We may beforehand perceiue how faint and spiritlesse M. Bishops voice will be when the time shall come. 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 484. ⁋5 Men have indulged themselves in a spiritless Sheepishness. 1796 F. Burney Camilla II. iii. ii. 38 The evening was passed in spiritless conversation. 1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands II. 133 That spiritless apathy with which the subjects of the Italian principalities submitted to the rule of their despotic masters. 1878 T. Hardy Return of Native III. iv. iv. 5 The spiritless stir of the summer wind. 1932 Times 2 Feb. 10/3 The flatness of the fun was in some measure due to spiritless acting. 1988 Musical Times 129 680/3 The depressing effect..was reflected in mainly colourless singing and soggy, spiritless orchestral playing. 2005 News-Jrnl. (Daytona Beach, Florida) (Nexis) 12 Nov. 1 c The team had played a sloppy and spiritless match. 4. a. Lacking courage, boldness, or mettle. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > calmness > unexcitability > [adjective] > phlegmatic phlegmatica1400 phlegmyc1450 sprightlessa1522 spiritless1595 unspirited1621 inexcitable?1624 pituitous1658 slow-going1825 soggy1896 the mind > emotion > fear > cowardice or pusillanimity > [adjective] > spiritless comfortless1387 weak-hearta1425 unheartyc1440 sprightlessa1522 blate1535 weak-hearted1544 tame1563 spiritless1595 dismettled1660 exanimated1689 poor-spirited1749 milksoppish1852 unantagonistic1858 springless1869 spunkless1882 milksoppy1886 gritless1892 the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > inconstancy > [adjective] > weak in character or will nesheOE feeblec1200 softc1275 weaka1425 infirm1526 lithya1533 unheaded1577 spiritless1595 pappy1597 irresolute1600 marrowless1607 seducible1613 wax-nosedc1615 unsinewy?1623 reedy1628 swayable1642 short-spirited1647 weak-headed1654 lath-backed1676 will-less?1680 tiffany-trader1702 weak-minded1716 lax1751 lax-fibred1762 nerveless1783 wishy-washy1801 marcid1822 molluscous1836 boneless1848 weedy1849 putty-headed1857 flabby1862 weak-kneed1863 fibreless1864 invertebrate1867 chinless1881 backboneless1882 featherweight1885 spineless1885 weak-willed1885 totter-kneed1887 akratic1896 effete1905 weakling1906 gutless1915 willowish1919 Milquetoast1932 nannified1960 ball-less1967 1595 A. Duncan Appendix Etymologiae: Index in Latinae Grammaticae Iners, lither, spiritles. ?1609 G. Chapman tr. Homer Twelue Bks. Iliads v. 89 Feare Doth neither hold me spiritless, nor slouth. 1651 N. Biggs Matæotechnia Medicinæ Praxeωs 63 We are uselesse and spiritlesse to our selves and the Common-Wealth. 1702 J. Dennis Monument 12 Their Soldiers and Commanders all grown faint, Dejected, spiritless with frequent Routs. 1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. viii. 216 The infantry was a half-armed spiritless crowd of peasants. 1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xxxii. 312 You are a base and spiritless scoundrel! 1884 A. C. Swinburne Midsummer Holiday & Other Poems 169 As a swordless and spiritless nation. 1913 J. E. F. Mann et al. Real Democracy ii. 43 Those who do not revolt against it [sc. the wage-system] are confessedly spiritless tame men who will take any insult lying down. 1984 K. Williams Diary 6 June (1993) 697 It ruined me for the show 'cos I was spiritless and the confidence ebbed away. Just about managed to keep my professional countenance. 2013 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 7 July a12 A German shepherd was too timid and spiritless to come out of its doghouse for food. b. Lacking energy or enterprise. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > [adjective] unlustyc1225 sleepyc1384 phlegmatica1400 listlessc1440 owlist1440 unlisty1440 phlegmyc1450 sweyntc1450 supine1554 resty1565 unactive1591 sleepy-headed1600 log-like1602 inertious1611 stupefied?1611 lethargic1612 sedentary1625 torpent1647 torpid1656 torpulent1657 softly1664 inert1774 vegetative1789 spiritless1798 unenergetic1805 sloomy1820 slow-going1825 inenergetic1826 comatose1828 moony1847 mooning1864 torpid-minded1909 narcoleptic1965 vegged1986 1798 W. Marshall Rural Econ. Southern Counties II. 133 The tenantry..are as poor, weak, and spiritless, as their lands. a1854 Ld. Cockburn Memorials (1856) iii. 168 The publishers we had were too spiritless even for their position. 1861 S. Smiles Lives Engineers II. v. 49 The country was too poor or too spiritless to undertake their improvement on any comprehensive scale. 1958 Western Polit. Q. 11 380 Bored, spiritless, and apathetic students. 2010 Sunday Times (Nexis) 28 Feb. 32 The younger contenders have been a weedy, spiritless bunch, all too happy to tailor their routines, personalities and aspirations to the narrow demands of a tinpot television show. 5. Lacking liveliness or vivacity; depressed, dejected, melancholy. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective] ungladc888 wearyc888 drearyc1000 dreary-moodOE heavyc1000 unmerryOE droopy?c1225 mournc1275 sada1300 languishinga1325 amayedc1330 matec1330 unlightc1330 unblissful1340 lowa1382 mishappyc1390 dullc1393 elengely1393 droopinga1400 heavy-hearteda1400 joylessa1400 sytefula1400 mornifc1400 tristy?c1400 lightless?1406 heartlessa1413 tristc1420 amatec1425 languoring?c1425 mirthlessc1430 heavisome1435 darkc1440 gloomingc1440 comfortlessc1460 amateda1470 chermatc1475 tristfula1492 lustless?1507 dolorous1513 ruthful1513 downcast1521 deject1528 heartsicka1529 lumpisha1535 coolc1540 dowlyc1540 glum1547 discouraged1548 uncheerfulc1555 dumpish1560 out of heart1565 sadded1566 amoped1573 tristive1578 desolated1580 dejected1581 à la mort1586 delightless1589 afflicted1590 gladless1590 groanful1590 gloomya1593 muddy1592 sitheful1592 cloudy1594 leaden-hearted1596 disconsolated1598 clum1599 life-weary1599 spiritless1600 dusky1602 chop-fallen1604 flat1604 disanimated1605 jaw-fallen1605 moped1606 chap-fallen1608 decheerful1608 uncheerful1612 lacklustrea1616 pulled1616 dumpya1618 depressed1621 head-hung1632 grum1640 downa1644 dispirited1647 down-at-mouth1649 down in (rarely of) the mouth1649 unhearted1650 sunlessa1658 sadful1658 unlightened1659 chagrin1665 saddened1665 damp1667 moping1674 desponding1688 tristitious1694 unenjoying1697 unraised1697 unheartya1699 unked1698 despondent1699 dismal1705 unjoyful1709 unrejoiced1714 dreara1717 disheartened1720 mumpish1721 unrejoicing1726 downhearted1742 out of spirits1745 chagrineda1754 low-spirited1753 sombrea1767 black-blooded1771 glumpy1780 oorie1787 sombrous1789 morose1791 Novemberish1793 glumpish1800 mopeful1800 die-away1802 blue-devilish1804 blue-devilled1807 malagrugrous1818 down in the hip1826 yonderly1828 sunshineless1831 downfaced1832 broody1851 in a (or the) trough1856 blue-devilly1871 drooped1873 glummy1884 pippy1886 humpy1889 pipped1914 lousy1933 pissed1943 crappy1956 doomy1961 bummed1970 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 i. i. 70 Euen such a man, so faint, so spirritlesse, So dull. View more context for this quotation 1643 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce 9 Whereof who misses by chancing on a mute and spiritles mate, remains more alone then before. 1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture III. f. 18/1 Those that grieve..seem fatigued and spiritless. 1778 F. Burney Evelina III. xv. 156 I was totally spiritless and dejected. 1816 C. Hutton in W. Hutton Life & Hist. Family Concl. 314 I..found my father thinner, weaker, and more spiritless than I left him. 1876 Trans. Clin. Soc. 9 189 The child..ceasing to play about, became spiritless. 1927 Internat. Jrnl. Ethics 37 181 Nor is the accession of such a mood an unfailing index of a spiritless melancholia. 1988 Washington Post (Nexis) 13 Apr. b3/4 If you people have any idea that our people in South Africa are a depressed, spiritless people, just come there and see. 2004 Sunday Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 20 June 5 The Tigers slumped to a 55-point deficit..and looked dejected and spiritless. Derivatives ˈspiritlessly adv. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > [adverb] > without animation spiritlessly1669 lifelessly1748 inanimately1876 entropically1883 the mind > emotion > calmness > unexcitability > [adverb] > in phlegmatic manner spiritlessly1669 phlegmatically1673 phlegmaticly1673 torpidly1820 soggily1939 1669 H. More Expos. 7 Epist. ix. 142 The same [formal profession] will this Church of Laodicea hold on spiritlesly and lazily, with little life or zeal. 1873 R. Broughton Nancy III. ii. 30 We part without a word, and I, spiritlessly, mount the staircase alone. 1969 Life 10 Oct. 14/1 Mr. Nixon's television campaign was..maladroitly and spiritlessly executed. 2015 Daily Aztec (San Diego State Univ.) (Nexis) 16 Mar. 1 Students then waited an additional 58 seconds until they were allowed to spiritlessly jog onto the court. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1566 |
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