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单词 spiritless
释义

spiritlessadj.

Brit. /ˈspɪrᵻtlᵻs/, U.S. /ˈspɪrᵻtlᵻs/
Forms: see spirit n. and -less suffix.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: spirit n., -less suffix.
Etymology: < spirit n. + -less suffix. Compare earlier sprightless adj.
1. Marked or characterized by a lack of true faith; devoid of spiritual qualities. Now somewhat rare and coloured by other senses.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > [adjective] > lukewarm or lacking enthusiasm
coolOE
luke1340
tepid1513
lukewarmc1522
unearnest1542
spiritless1566
zeallessa1594
faint1596
unfiery1598
tepidous1607
Laodicean1633
heartless1636
unzealous1643
slight1660
unenthusiastic1805
teporous1821
coolish1850
ice-cool1891
demotivated1963
meh2007
1566 J. Barthlet Pedegrewe Heretiques f. 83v Whose religion..hath vnder mighty and thundering termes, being otherwise senselesse and spiritlesse, ruled the poore sely soules.
?1575 C. Vitell tr. H. Niclaes Prouerbia xiii. 31 The Spiritlesse-persons, do highlie vaunt them of the holie Spirit.
1633 W. Crompton Explic. Princ. Christian Relig. 286 A spiritlesse Amen, without any inward feeling, faith or feruency.
1680 H. More Apocalypsis Apocalypseos iii. 37 And buy of Me white rayment, O Spiritless Laodicea, and desire to be cloathed with thy Spiritual Tabernacle from Heaven.
1782 P. M. Cornwall Serm. before Glocestershire Soc. 11 A dead spiritless faith would not justify us before men.
1842 W. F. Hone Comments on Epist. 144 This temptation to a prayerless life, to a spiritless prayer, must be watched, marked, resisted.
1997 Southern Literary Jrnl. 28 60 The family becomes victim of a spiritless religion and a society inebriated on its own material success.
2. Lacking or deprived of a spirit or life-giving principle; (hence) lifeless, dead. Also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > absence of life or consciousness > [adjective]
lifelessOE
unlivingOE
bloodless and bonelessOE
deadlya1225
dead1430
natureless1548
exanimate1552
inanimatea1555
unlively1563
spiritless1570
unquickened1610
unanimate1615
inanimal1623
inanimated1646
unvital1661
unanimated1697
unbreathing1709
unconscious1744
pulseless1820
azoic1854
not-living1869
abiotic1873
unvitalized1874
1570 T. Norton tr. A. Nowell Catechisme i. f. 8 There can be no likenesse or agreing betwene God which is a spirit, eternall, vnmeasurable, infinite,..and a fraile, bodily, silly, spiritlesse, and vaine shape.
?1609 G. Chapman tr. Homer Twelue Bks. Iliads xii. 211 The man so late so spirit-full Fell now quite spirit-less to earth.
a1625 J. Fletcher Bonduca v. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Iiii2/1 'T is the body of the great Captain Penyus, by himself made cold and spiritlesse.
1680 H. More Apocalypsis Apocalypseos xiii. 133 This Image was no spiritless Image, sluggish and harmless like an inanimate Statue.
1705 T. Greenhill Νεκροκηδεια 5 Nature admonishes us, that the spiritless Body should be restor'd to the Earth.
1766 J. Entick New Spelling Dict. (ed. 2) Exanimate, lifeless, spiritless, dead.
1852 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 5) 346 A work or thought..may Be..like the air,..Sweeping miles broad o'er far western woods,..Or may be, nothing—bodiless, spiritless.
1897 Era 18 Dec. 13/1 The strong, active body is stiffened into a spiritless corpse.
1910 E. B. Ferguson Lump of Gold xii. 64 His spiritless body was lowered in the receptacle of solitude.
1975 Amer. Lit. 47 83 Man realizes that he is neither a disembodied mind split off from the world nor a spiritless organism.
2003 Times Higher Educ. Suppl. (Nexis) 21 Mar. 29 In Warner's scheme, a zombie is a spiritless husk left behind after soul is split from body.
3. Lacking dynamic qualities; characterized by the absence of animation, energy, or zest.
a. Of a thing, esp. a literary or artistic work.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > the arts in general > [adjective] > qualities of works generally
wateryc1230
polite?a1500
meagre1539
over-laboured1579
bald1589
spiritless1592
light1597
meretricious1633
standing1661
effectual1662
airy1664
severe1665
correct1676
enervatea1704
free1728
classic1743
academic1752
academical1752
chaste1753
nerveless1763
epic1769
crude1786
effective1790
creative1791
soulless1794
mannered1796
manneristical1830
manneristic1837
subjective1840
inartisticala1849
abstract1857
inartistic1859
literary1900
period1905
atmospheric1908
dateless1908
atmosphered1920
non-naturalistic1925
self-indulgent1926
free-styled1933
soft-centred1935
freestyle1938
pseudish1938
decadent1942
post-human1944
kitschy1946
faux-naïf1958
spare1965
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > weakness or feebleness > [adjective] > vapid or insipid > spiritless or uninspired
spiritless1592
unspirited1751
soulless1794
1592 T. Nashe Strange Newes sig. G4 v His Poetry more spiritlesse than smal beere.
1675 R. Boyle Exper. & Observ. Tasts 35 in Exper. Particular Qualities The juice of Grapes, which, from a sweet and spiritless Liquour, do..acquire that pleasing pungency and briskness of tast that belongs to Wine.
1685 J. Yonge Medicaster Medicatus Pref. sig. A6 One whose insipid, spiritless writings, could not flame by opposition.
1737 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 12/2 A literal Translation of the Hebrew Code..must necessarily be,..at best, but flat, insipid, and spiritless.
1797 T. Holcroft tr. F. L. Stolberg Trav. I. xlvi. 303 These colours, when singly laid on, are entirely spiritless.
1801 M. Edgeworth Prussian Vase in Moral Tales III. 2 It was her business, to sketch designs..but..the figures were awkward, and spiritless.
1882 ‘E. Lyall’ Donovan I. v. 112 This singularly dull and spiritless meal.
1941 Wisconsin State Jrnl. 25 May 18/3 They are spiritless paintings with the exception of the works of Mary Elizabeth Brooks.
1987 Hispania 70 655/2 Some of the poems are light and fun; others are dull and spiritless.
2016 Times (Nexis) 17 Nov. 13 The Van Gogh Museum described the sketches as imitations, saying that they were monotonous, clumsy and spiritless.
b. Of a person, or his or her behaviour, speech, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > [adjective] > lacking animation
deadOE
lifelessOE
unquickc1475
exanimate?c1550
flat1604
unsprighty1607
spiritless1609
dead-alive1617
fireless1647
uninformed1709
inanimate1713
unanimated1734
nerveless1735
inanimated1753
dispirited1758
dead and alive1863
unalive1905
pepless1909
zipless1922
soggy1928
undead1936
1609 R. Abbot 3rd Pt. Def. Reformed Catholike 166 We may beforehand perceiue how faint and spiritlesse M. Bishops voice will be when the time shall come.
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 484. ⁋5 Men have indulged themselves in a spiritless Sheepishness.
1796 F. Burney Camilla II. iii. ii. 38 The evening was passed in spiritless conversation.
1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands II. 133 That spiritless apathy with which the subjects of the Italian principalities submitted to the rule of their despotic masters.
1878 T. Hardy Return of Native III. iv. iv. 5 The spiritless stir of the summer wind.
1932 Times 2 Feb. 10/3 The flatness of the fun was in some measure due to spiritless acting.
1988 Musical Times 129 680/3 The depressing effect..was reflected in mainly colourless singing and soggy, spiritless orchestral playing.
2005 News-Jrnl. (Daytona Beach, Florida) (Nexis) 12 Nov. 1 c The team had played a sloppy and spiritless match.
4.
a. Lacking courage, boldness, or mettle.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > calmness > unexcitability > [adjective] > phlegmatic
phlegmatica1400
phlegmyc1450
sprightlessa1522
spiritless1595
unspirited1621
inexcitable?1624
pituitous1658
slow-going1825
soggy1896
the mind > emotion > fear > cowardice or pusillanimity > [adjective] > spiritless
comfortless1387
weak-hearta1425
unheartyc1440
sprightlessa1522
blate1535
weak-hearted1544
tame1563
spiritless1595
dismettled1660
exanimated1689
poor-spirited1749
milksoppish1852
unantagonistic1858
springless1869
spunkless1882
milksoppy1886
gritless1892
the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > inconstancy > [adjective] > weak in character or will
nesheOE
feeblec1200
softc1275
weaka1425
infirm1526
lithya1533
unheaded1577
spiritless1595
pappy1597
irresolute1600
marrowless1607
seducible1613
wax-nosedc1615
unsinewy?1623
reedy1628
swayable1642
short-spirited1647
weak-headed1654
lath-backed1676
will-less?1680
tiffany-trader1702
weak-minded1716
lax1751
lax-fibred1762
nerveless1783
wishy-washy1801
marcid1822
molluscous1836
boneless1848
weedy1849
putty-headed1857
flabby1862
weak-kneed1863
fibreless1864
invertebrate1867
chinless1881
backboneless1882
featherweight1885
spineless1885
weak-willed1885
totter-kneed1887
akratic1896
effete1905
weakling1906
gutless1915
willowish1919
Milquetoast1932
nannified1960
ball-less1967
1595 A. Duncan Appendix Etymologiae: Index in Latinae Grammaticae Iners, lither, spiritles.
?1609 G. Chapman tr. Homer Twelue Bks. Iliads v. 89 Feare Doth neither hold me spiritless, nor slouth.
1651 N. Biggs Matæotechnia Medicinæ Praxeωs 63 We are uselesse and spiritlesse to our selves and the Common-Wealth.
1702 J. Dennis Monument 12 Their Soldiers and Commanders all grown faint, Dejected, spiritless with frequent Routs.
1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. viii. 216 The infantry was a half-armed spiritless crowd of peasants.
1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xxxii. 312 You are a base and spiritless scoundrel!
1884 A. C. Swinburne Midsummer Holiday & Other Poems 169 As a swordless and spiritless nation.
1913 J. E. F. Mann et al. Real Democracy ii. 43 Those who do not revolt against it [sc. the wage-system] are confessedly spiritless tame men who will take any insult lying down.
1984 K. Williams Diary 6 June (1993) 697 It ruined me for the show 'cos I was spiritless and the confidence ebbed away. Just about managed to keep my professional countenance.
2013 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 7 July a12 A German shepherd was too timid and spiritless to come out of its doghouse for food.
b. Lacking energy or enterprise.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > [adjective]
unlustyc1225
sleepyc1384
phlegmatica1400
listlessc1440
owlist1440
unlisty1440
phlegmyc1450
sweyntc1450
supine1554
resty1565
unactive1591
sleepy-headed1600
log-like1602
inertious1611
stupefied?1611
lethargic1612
sedentary1625
torpent1647
torpid1656
torpulent1657
softly1664
inert1774
vegetative1789
spiritless1798
unenergetic1805
sloomy1820
slow-going1825
inenergetic1826
comatose1828
moony1847
mooning1864
torpid-minded1909
narcoleptic1965
vegged1986
1798 W. Marshall Rural Econ. Southern Counties II. 133 The tenantry..are as poor, weak, and spiritless, as their lands.
a1854 Ld. Cockburn Memorials (1856) iii. 168 The publishers we had were too spiritless even for their position.
1861 S. Smiles Lives Engineers II. v. 49 The country was too poor or too spiritless to undertake their improvement on any comprehensive scale.
1958 Western Polit. Q. 11 380 Bored, spiritless, and apathetic students.
2010 Sunday Times (Nexis) 28 Feb. 32 The younger contenders have been a weedy, spiritless bunch, all too happy to tailor their routines, personalities and aspirations to the narrow demands of a tinpot television show.
5. Lacking liveliness or vivacity; depressed, dejected, melancholy.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective]
ungladc888
wearyc888
drearyc1000
dreary-moodOE
heavyc1000
unmerryOE
droopy?c1225
mournc1275
sada1300
languishinga1325
amayedc1330
matec1330
unlightc1330
unblissful1340
lowa1382
mishappyc1390
dullc1393
elengely1393
droopinga1400
heavy-hearteda1400
joylessa1400
sytefula1400
mornifc1400
tristy?c1400
lightless?1406
heartlessa1413
tristc1420
amatec1425
languoring?c1425
mirthlessc1430
heavisome1435
darkc1440
gloomingc1440
comfortlessc1460
amateda1470
chermatc1475
tristfula1492
lustless?1507
dolorous1513
ruthful1513
downcast1521
deject1528
heartsicka1529
lumpisha1535
coolc1540
dowlyc1540
glum1547
discouraged1548
uncheerfulc1555
dumpish1560
out of heart1565
sadded1566
amoped1573
tristive1578
desolated1580
dejected1581
à la mort1586
delightless1589
afflicted1590
gladless1590
groanful1590
gloomya1593
muddy1592
sitheful1592
cloudy1594
leaden-hearted1596
disconsolated1598
clum1599
life-weary1599
spiritless1600
dusky1602
chop-fallen1604
flat1604
disanimated1605
jaw-fallen1605
moped1606
chap-fallen1608
decheerful1608
uncheerful1612
lacklustrea1616
pulled1616
dumpya1618
depressed1621
head-hung1632
grum1640
downa1644
dispirited1647
down-at-mouth1649
down in (rarely of) the mouth1649
unhearted1650
sunlessa1658
sadful1658
unlightened1659
chagrin1665
saddened1665
damp1667
moping1674
desponding1688
tristitious1694
unenjoying1697
unraised1697
unheartya1699
unked1698
despondent1699
dismal1705
unjoyful1709
unrejoiced1714
dreara1717
disheartened1720
mumpish1721
unrejoicing1726
downhearted1742
out of spirits1745
chagrineda1754
low-spirited1753
sombrea1767
black-blooded1771
glumpy1780
oorie1787
sombrous1789
morose1791
Novemberish1793
glumpish1800
mopeful1800
die-away1802
blue-devilish1804
blue-devilled1807
malagrugrous1818
down in the hip1826
yonderly1828
sunshineless1831
downfaced1832
broody1851
in a (or the) trough1856
blue-devilly1871
drooped1873
glummy1884
pippy1886
humpy1889
pipped1914
lousy1933
pissed1943
crappy1956
doomy1961
bummed1970
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 i. i. 70 Euen such a man, so faint, so spirritlesse, So dull. View more context for this quotation
1643 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce 9 Whereof who misses by chancing on a mute and spiritles mate, remains more alone then before.
1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture III. f. 18/1 Those that grieve..seem fatigued and spiritless.
1778 F. Burney Evelina III. xv. 156 I was totally spiritless and dejected.
1816 C. Hutton in W. Hutton Life & Hist. Family Concl. 314 I..found my father thinner, weaker, and more spiritless than I left him.
1876 Trans. Clin. Soc. 9 189 The child..ceasing to play about, became spiritless.
1927 Internat. Jrnl. Ethics 37 181 Nor is the accession of such a mood an unfailing index of a spiritless melancholia.
1988 Washington Post (Nexis) 13 Apr. b3/4 If you people have any idea that our people in South Africa are a depressed, spiritless people, just come there and see.
2004 Sunday Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 20 June 5 The Tigers slumped to a 55-point deficit..and looked dejected and spiritless.

Derivatives

ˈspiritlessly adv.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > [adverb] > without animation
spiritlessly1669
lifelessly1748
inanimately1876
entropically1883
the mind > emotion > calmness > unexcitability > [adverb] > in phlegmatic manner
spiritlessly1669
phlegmatically1673
phlegmaticly1673
torpidly1820
soggily1939
1669 H. More Expos. 7 Epist. ix. 142 The same [formal profession] will this Church of Laodicea hold on spiritlesly and lazily, with little life or zeal.
1873 R. Broughton Nancy III. ii. 30 We part without a word, and I, spiritlessly, mount the staircase alone.
1969 Life 10 Oct. 14/1 Mr. Nixon's television campaign was..maladroitly and spiritlessly executed.
2015 Daily Aztec (San Diego State Univ.) (Nexis) 16 Mar. 1 Students then waited an additional 58 seconds until they were allowed to spiritlessly jog onto the court.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.1566
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