| 释义 |
bonen.1 Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian bēn bone, (also) leg (West Frisian bien bone, leg), Old Dutch bēn leg, bone (Middle Dutch, Dutch been), Old Saxon bēn bone (Middle Low German bēn, bein leg, bone), Old High German, Middle High German bein bone, leg (German Bein, now chiefly in sense ‘leg’), Old Icelandic bein bone, (lower) leg, Old Swedish, Swedish ben bone, leg, Old Danish, Danish ben bone, leg; further etymology uncertain.As both senses (‘bone’ and ‘leg’) appear to go back to Germanic, it has been suggested that the word originally denoted a long bone of the leg, perhaps specifically the femur. However, a suggestion that the word is related to the Old Icelandic adjective beinn ‘straight’ cannot be either substantiated or disproved, as that word is itself of uncertain origin and without parallels in West Germanic. A suggested relationship with the Celtic base of Early Irish benaid hits, strikes (see pinjane n.) poses semantic problems. A suggested relationship with post-classical Latin femur thigh (see femur n.) poses phonological problems. Use in English to denote the leg. The sense ‘leg’ is not unambiguously attested for the simplex in Old English (or Old Saxon); however, compare the following examples, which may perhaps show a sense ‘limb’, ‘leg’, or ‘long bone (in a limb)’ (compare also quot. OE1 at sense 1a and shank n.):eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in J. J. Quinn Minor Lat.-Old Eng. Glossaries in MS Cotton Cleopatra A.III (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1956) 95 Coxarum, bana, þeona.eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. li. 264 Sar þeoh & lira & him se maga micla þindeþ & ban & fet fela swellende yfele swilas unfelende.OE Daniel 434 Wæron þa benne [probably read bende] forburnene þe him on banum lagon, laðsearo leoda cyninges. In both Old English and Old Saxon, the sense ‘leg’ appears to be reflected more clearly in compounds denoting types of leg covering, such as Old English bān(ge)beorg , Old Saxon bēnberga , Old High German beinberga , all in sense ‘leg covering, greaves’ (compare bergh n.), and Old English bānrift leg covering, greaves, Old High German beinreft leg covering, pantaloons (compare rift n.1); the existence of Old High German parallels may suggest that these reflect currency at an earlier stage of the language. Compare also Old English bānece , apparently in sense ‘sciatica’ (see quot. OE for bone ache n. at Compounds 6) and Old Saxon bēnbrāda fleshy hind part of the lower leg, calf. Specific senses. With use in sense 2b compare Old English bānsealf , probably in sense ‘salve made from bones’ (compare salve n.1). In use with reference to the stones of certain fruit (see sense 10) after classical Latin os, specific use of os bone (see os n.1). With use with reference to coal (see sense 12) compare earlier bony adj. 3. With use with reference to whalebone used to stiffen clothes (see sense 17) compare earlier boned adj. 2a. I. Any of the pieces of hard whitish tissue making up the skeleton in humans and other vertebrates; the substance of which these are composed. 1. the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > [noun] OE tr. (1995) §22. 238 Ic..het hie þa gebindan & him þa ban & sconcan forbrecan [L. crurifragio puniri iussi]. OE Ælfric Old Test. Summary: Maccabees (Julius) in W. W. Skeat (1900) II. 104 Ylp is ormæte nyten mare þonne sum hus, eall mid banum befangen binnan þam felle butan æt ðam nauelan. OE (Corpus Cambr.) xix. 36 Ne forbræce ge nan ban on him [L. os non comminuetis ex eo]. ?a1200 (?OE) (1896) 19 Oft mann smeaþ, hwæþer teþ bænene beon, forþan þe ælc ban mearh hæfþ and hy nan mearh nabbaþ. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1963) l. 961 His ban to-cluuen. 1340 (1866) 148 (MED) Ase þe buones bereþ þe tendre uless. c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Ezek. xxxvii. 7 Bones wenten to boones, eche to his ioynture. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. v. i. 165 Þe bones of þe brest deffendiþ the herte. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. xxx. 1178 Þat bone þat is yfounde in þe herte of an hert is passynge profytable aȝeins many yueles. a1400 tr. Lanfranc (Ashm.) (1894) 166 (MED) Þe boon of þe tail is maad of iij rigge boones. ?c1475 (BL Add. 15562) f. 8 Fro bane to bane, ossim. c1550 (1979) xvii. 120 The corrupit flesche is consumit fra the banis. 1597 W. Shakespeare ii. iv. 26 Lord how my bones ake. a1641 J. Everard tr. (1649) v. 67 Who channelled the veins? who hardened and made strong the bones? 1681 E. Sclater 11 Weapons, that to be sure, draw no Blood, nor break any Bones. 1722 W. Cheselden (ed. 2) i. i. 2 I have never seen but one instance of a Bone in an adult Body unossified. 1788 R. Briggs iii. 113 Lay the fish on the dresser and take away all the bones and fins. 1817 J. Gilchrist 157 He could wrench out a tooth, broach a vein, splice a bone. 1873 St. G. Mivart ii. 23 In the earlier stages of existence there are no bones at all. 1923 7 Dec. 5/4 The bones of a Columbian mammoth 12 feet high and 24 feet long were dug from the sand, shell marl and muck bed of Cranes Creek. 2005 16 July 20/2 A broken bone is as much a part of your childhood as your first crush. the world > life > the body > bodily substance > [noun] > bone as substance the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > substance of bones > [noun] OE Handbk. for Use of Confessor (Corpus Cambr. 201) in (1965) 83 17 Ic andette þe ealles mines lichamon synna, for fel and for flæsc, and for ban and for sinuwan, and for æddran and for grislan. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1963) l. 3768 Al þat he þer-mid at-ran, weore hit flæs weore hit ban, þurh þeos sweordes wunde heo fullen to þon grunde. a1400 tr. Lanfranc (Ashm.) (1894) 22 Þe boon is þe first of þe consimile membris. ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 10 Cartilage is as it were of nature of bone. Neþerlez it is more softe þen it, And it is made to fulfille þe defect of þe bone as in palpebrez, þe noseþrillez, & þe erez. ?1541 R. Copland sig. Diij It [sc. cartylage] is softer or sowpler than the bone is. 1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby i. 1 A circle of small plates of bone placed scalewise under the outward coat..encompasses the pupil of each eye in Birds. 1784 A. Hamilton i. i. 21 The three portions of bone..are connected posteriorly..by thick cartilaginous agglutinations. 1797 W. Godwin i. iii. 15 What at first was cartilage..gradually becomes bone. 1813 H. Davy vi. 252 The basis of bone is constituted by earthy salts. 1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in I. 165 The primitive basis, or ‘blastema’, of bone is a subtransparent glairy matter. 1932 100 262 (heading) Heterotopic bone formation in thyroparathyroidectomized dogs. 1989 G. J. Armelagos et al. in T. D. Price ix. 230 In life, bone is a dynamic tissue that has four important functions. 1996 C. Vogel 210/2 X-rays of the hock will show new bone being formed at the edges of one or more of the joints. 2017 No. 27. 14 Bone is stronger than the same weight of steel. the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > [noun] 1829 12 Dec. The industrious classes have been called the bone and marrow of the nation. 1911 ‘P. Harding’ xx. 171 It's the term's work..that is the bone and marrow of your pre-graduate education. 1985 6 116 The fact that the present agreement spans the length of a decade is simply a testament to how much fat can be trimmed before reaching the bone of the problem. 2006 B. Joeng & H. Gak tr. So Sahn Epil. 123 This text contains the essence of the eighty thousand sutras and the bone of the Five Schools of Zen. 2. society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > bone or horn > [noun] > bone eOE Runic Inscription on Franks Casket in R. I. Page (1999) 174 Hronæs ban. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 251 Romayns ordeyned þat no man schulde write wiþ poynteles of yren but wiþ poyntels of boon. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. xviii. 917 A knyf of bone. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 979 They broghten bemys..Of horn, of boon, in whiche they blewe and powped. tr. Palladius (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iii. l. 356 (MED) A wegge of boon or yron putte bytwene The bark & tre, welnygh iij finger depe. 1500–1 in G. Neilson & H. Paton (1918) II. 477 Ane ymage of Our Lady of bayne. 1609 W. Shakespeare Louers Complaint in sig. K2 Many a ring of Posied gold and bone. a1672 F. Willughby (2003) 112 A Die is a little cube made of bone. 1769 J. Cook 12 Nov. (1955) I. 200 They have short Truncheons about a foot long, which they call Pattoo Pattoos, some made of wood some of bone and others of stone. 1869 C. Engel 4 Baghlama, a small kind of tamboura of wood inlaid with bone and mother-of-pearl. 1963 J. Hawkes in J. Hawkes & L. Woolley i. iii. 71 Points and picks made from bone and antler. 2008 U. McGovern (2009) 362 Working with bone to make small items such as needles, jewellery, tools and whistles or pipes. the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > fertilizing or manuring > [noun] > use of other natural fertilizers > other natural fertilizers OE (2001) I. xxxi. 18 Somnige mon þonne ealle þa ban tosomne ðe man gegaderian mæge, & cnocie man þa ban mid æxse yre & seoðe & fleote þæt smeru. ?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac (Paris) (1971) 371 Take of brynte bone iwasshed and dryed, of hermodactiles, [etc.]. 1684 307 If the Eyes be dark and cloudy, so that the sight is rendred imperfect, take white sugarcandy, burnt Bone, and burnt Allum, beat them to powder, and blow them into the beasts Eyes. 1686 W. Harris tr. N. Lémery (ed. 2) 464 This liquefied salt might then be mixt with a sufficient quantity of Calcined bones powdered, to make thereof a Paste. 1755 S. Harrison (ed. 6) 203 Take out the Grease with..Powder of burnt Bone. 1813 H. Davy vi. 252 Bones are much used as a manure. 1870 J. Yeats 307 Bones are extensively employed by the cutler, comb and brush maker, chemist, confectioner, and agriculturist. 1880 E. P. Roe x. 81 Being so well pleased with the appearance of our one acre manured with bone and ashes, we planned to fertilize all of our fruits in the same way. 1985 Oct. 37/1 Raw sugar is shipped..to a refinery, where it is..put through a column of charred beef bone. 2001 (Nexis) 7 Mar. 37 Fertiliser like blood, fish and bone or Growmore..is best applied at about a handful to the square yard. the world > animals > animal body > general parts > constituent materials > [noun] > bone-like substance eOE (1974) 19 Ebor, elpendes ban. eOE Acct. Voy. Ohthere & Wulfstan in tr. Orosius (BL Add.) (1980) i. i. 14 Hie [sc. horshwalas] habbað swiþe æþele ban on hiora toþum. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1978) l. 11866 Anne scelde gode. he wes al clane of olifantes bane [c1300 Otho bone]. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. v. lvii. 272 Þe bones hatten ossa in latyn... In eueryche place [þey ben] ihid..wiþ fleisch and felle outtake þe mouþ allone, þerinne þe bones of teþ ben iseie. c1440 (a1400) (Thornton) (1965) l. 1086 Ȝowre nece..es whytte as þe bone of qwalle. 1598 W. Shakespeare v. ii. 332 His teeth as white as Whales bone . View more context for this quotation 1616 W. Browne II. ii. 49 An Iuory dart she held of good command, White was the bone, but whiter was her hand. 1726 P. Dudley in (Royal Soc.) 33 257 The Whale-bone, so called, grows in the upper Jaw on each Side... A good large Whale has yielded a thousand Weight of Bone. 1846 7 105 I've no notion having bones wrenched out of my skull by any bungler that chooses to put the corkscrew on them... As if one's teeth, like mushrooms, spring up one night, and fit for plucking in the morning. 1867 Mar. 129/2 It is interesting to compare a hard, firm bone of one of the higher vertebrates with the soft bone of cartilaginous fishes, sharks, etc. 1872 T. H. Huxley (ed. 6) i. 10 The bones..are masses either of cartilage, or of connective tissue hardened by being impregnated with phosphate and carbonate of lime. 1909 30 Nov. 7/3 The finest pounce was that made from the pulverised bone of the cuttle-fish. 2018 27 May 35/2 Frantzis now has a large white bone—one of its [sc. a whale] teeth—on his desk. 4. the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > part or joint of animal > [noun] > bones eOE (Royal) (1865) i. iv. 48 Sceal þeah se hund ban gnagan ær, þy biþ se þost hwit & micel. OE (2011) 66 Spumaticum, mete of meluwe & of bane gesoden. a1300 in (1900) 31 8 (MED) Wil ðe hund gnagþ bon, ifere nele he non. c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 319 We stryue as dide the houndes for the boon. ?a1500 in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell (1845) I. 233 Two dogges and one bone, Maye never accorde in one. 1589 Ship Accts.: Rye, Sussex in B. Cusack (1998) 71 Payd to the porter for carege of 6 hocshed & one bonne of befe. 1611 Ezek. xxiv. 4 Gather the pieces thereof into it [sc. a pot], euen euery good piece, the thigh, and the shoulder; fill it with the choice bones. 1689 Ess. Satyr in 29 Will any Dog..leave his Bitches and his Bones? 1749 H. Walpole Let. 18 May in (1818) 58 They found him banquetting..on some cold mutton and a bone of ham. 1755 J. Shebbeare (1769) I. 85 Like an old hound gnawing a bone. 1816 W. Scott II. xii. 312 I'll gie ye something better than that beef bane, man. 1837 B. Disraeli (1886) 76 I..supped..with a large party off oysters, Guinness, and broiled bones. 1889 J. Whitehead 244/1 Broiled bones with fried apples and apple sauce, bones with Robert sauce, bones with onions. 1919 A. P. Terhune i. 2 She [sc. a puppy]..bossed the gentle giant in a shameful manner.., snatching from between his jaws the choicest bone of their joint dinner. 1978 K. Bonfiglioli iii. 25 The table was adorned with beautifully-dressed dishes of shrimps, lobsters, broiled bones..an aitch-bone of beef, fried ham, a few grouses and some poached eggs. 2008 E. Bell 182 Killed by a great bone of gammon falling from the rafters on his head. 1574 R. Scot Ep. Ded. sig. A.ivv Greedy to taste of the marrowe of gaynes, and loth to breake the bone of labour. 1613 T. Myriell 6 The letter is but the bone, the marrow is the meaning... Breake with mee the bone of the letter, and you shall finde the marrow of sense and vnderstanding. 1640 C. Harvey 13 Profit picks bones, And chewes on stones that choak. 1745 30 Their Agents tell us, it is our Duty to be content, and to chew this bare Bone contentedly. 1771 W. Kenrick Addr. p. i I was in hopes the..explicit evidence..would have had more weight..: all it seems to have had on you, being to induce you to scoop out the marrow of my pamphlet for the entertainment of your readers, and to leave the bare bone to be picked by my bookseller. 1844 M. F. Tupper vii. 61 ‘Now, that's what I call bones.’ It was a currish image, suggestive of the choicest satisfaction. 1887 7 Dec. 2/3 The office of state printer seems to be an extremely large and juicy bone. 1936 9 Jan. 12/2 Byrd..referred to the hike [in oil prices] as ‘a bone on the table.., apparently just enough to keep the Independents stringing along.’ 1969 25 Mar. 3/1 Sen. Tom Lee..complained..that the Indians had been ‘given a bone, without any meat.’ 2000 23 Mar. 31/2 The rise in the tax burden..is the juiciest bone for the Opposition to gnaw. 5. 1849 J. D. Lewins Diary 3 Oct. in (1996) Consulted for fun the Mantatee doctor with his bones, who for a sixpence told me as many lies as he spoke words. 1887 16 Mar. 428/2 The witch-doctor performed antics with his charms and bones [to predict the weather]. 1909 39 544 The seeds of the umgoma..are also used as bones, but no marks are made upon them, they being read by the natural markings only. 1974 C. T. Binns xii. 261 There is a wide variety in the bones themselves... Each bone has its own particular praise name. 2012 R. Finnegan vii. 184 As the diviner begins his session, he handles the bones and praises them. the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > enchantment or casting spells > [noun] > spell > malignant enchantment or curse > pointing-bone 1878 R. B. Smyth I. 102 The natives attribute great power to a bone... As soon as a native becomes at all unwell, fears are entertained that some enemy has used the power of the bone to his injury. 1906 6 79 When enough magic has been ‘sung’ into the bone it is taken to the camp and very secretly pointed at the unsuspecting victim. 1933 20 Apr. Should a member of a tribe fall ill, in special circumstances, a council was held to as certain who had given him the bone. 2017 A. Troisi xii. 179 The bone, or ‘kundela’, used in this curse is endowed with magical power by being ‘sung over’. II. The bones of the skeleton considered collectively; the bone structure or frame of the body. OE 18 Ne hafaþ hio blod ne ban. OE Ælfric (Royal) (1997) xv. 301 Grapiað & sceawiað gif ic gast were þonne næfde ic flæsc & ban, swa swa ge geseoð þæt ic hæbbe. c1225 (?c1200) (Bodl.) l. 599 Þu..nome blod & ban i þet meare meiden. c1250 in (1935) 70 241 (MED) Hider thomas..poit in þine honde; mit flece & mit bone þu me hauist ifunde. a1325 (c1280) (Pepys 2344) (1927) l. 1557 Clerkes..vnderstode of godes kunde þat he was fflesch & bon. c1330 (?c1300) (Auch.) (1898) l. 157 Many sinful men..þinkeþ it were muchel [emended in ed. to muche] for hem To haue..Hele of bodi in bon and huide. a1400 (a1325) (Gött.) l. 194 Iesu him raysed in fless and ban. 1550 tr. A. Corvinus sig. J.iii Touche me on euerye parte, and looke vppon me, for spirites haue not fleshe and bone as you see me haue. 1597 R. Hooker v. lvi. 123 As though our very flesh and bones should be made continuate with his. 1607 G. Wilkins sig. G2v Hees not of mortals temper but hees one, Made all of goodnes, tho of flesh and bone. 1653 Duchess of Newcastle 125 Fancy is the Form, Flesh, Blood, Bone, Skin; Words are but Shadowes, have no Substance in. 1723 A. Hill i. 20 Policy requires Spirit, and Thought! mere Blood and Bone can't reach it. 1788 T. W. Tone (2009) I. 15 My Idea is to..train the rising generation to Arms and adventure; to create a small but impenetrable Nation of Soldiers, an Army of sinew and bone. 1830 A. E. Bray II. xi. 226 Falsehood, braggery..a cruel heart, are fiends that walk in flesh and bones. 1884 Mar. 517/1 The..bone and sinew of the country. 1917 A. M. Schlesinger v. 217 The bone and sinew of the non-importation movement were the agreements of the great trading towns of Boston, New York, and Philadelphia. 1987 R. Leviton & R. Coons in D. H. Childress (2001) vi. 143 A series of overlapping multidimensional bodies which form a kind of Jacob's Ladder away from the familiar body of bones and flesh into the Body of Light. 2001 N. Griffiths 255 The wind whistles through the long grass and between the still legs of the people standing like statues, like sentinels, menhirs carved not from rock but from flesh and bone. 7. In plural. the world > life > the body > [noun] the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skeleton > [noun] OE (Tiber.) (1994) 126 Ahefe þinne fot of minan swiran, þæt ic mine ban lithwan gereste. a1250 Wohunge ure Lauerd in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 279 Alle Gate þu hafdes hwer þu mihtes wrihe þine banes. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. v. lvii. 272 Þe bones ben þe sadnes of þe body. c1440 (?a1400) (1930) l. 267 No thyng..Þat he myȝte inne his bones hyde, Bot a gaytes skynn. 1490 W. Caxton tr. (1885) iii. 108 Alarde..beganne to deffende well hys bones. 1570 J. Foxe (rev. ed.) II. 1633/1 He [sc. Latimer] ranne as fast as hys old bones would cary him. 1605 sig. D What, breedes young bones already! a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) v. v. 41 Night hangs vpon mine eyes, my Bones would rest. View more context for this quotation 1699 R. L'Estrange (ed. 3) i. ii. 2 Puss had a month's mind to be upon the bones of him. 1709 J. Stevens tr. F. de Quevedo (ed. 2) 305 Feeding on me Day and Night, which has brought me to the very Bones. 1740 (1883) iii. 16 Now (says she) take care of your bones between this and home. 1806 R. Bloomfield Abner in 1 Gee, Bayard! move your poor old bones. 1886 Feb. 152 She told me to-day that the minding of children, after the cares of my place, would be like a rest to her bones. 1918 E. Wharton 15 Feb. (1988) 404 I am picking up my tired bones & crawling on to Hyères on Monday. 2004 L. Erdrich (2005) xi. 141 Standing proud and straight as her old bones would allow. the world > life > the body > dead body > [noun] OE (Claud.) l. 24 He cwæþ: Lædaþ mine ban [L. ossa mea] of þisum lande. c1175 ( Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine (1993) 198 Geseoh mine ban & mi dust. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1978) l. 16076 His ban [c1300 Otho beone] beoð iloken faste i guldene cheste. c1325 (c1300) (Calig.) l. 4594 At glastinbury..at uore þe heye weued..As is bones liggeþ is toumbe wel vair is. c1390 (a1376) W. Langland (Vernon) (1867) A. vii. 84 Þe Chirche schal haue my Careyne And kepe mi Bones. 1444 in J. Raine (1855) II. 112 (MED) William Daubeney, whoos bones restith in ye same chapel. 1563 T. Becon (rev. ed.) f. 237 For all those soules, whose bones rest in this church, or Churchyarde or in any other holye place. 1592 T. Nashe (Huntington Libr. copy) sig. F3 Hee should..haue his bones newe embalmed with the teares of ten thousand spectators at least. c1616 Blese [sic] be ye man yt spares thes stones, And curst be he yt moves my bones. 1651 No. 82. 1255 He will reduce the place, or leave his bones before it. 1718 53 The Man whose Bones lie here at rest, Was once as merry as the Best. 1751 T. Gray xx. 9 These bones from insult to protect Some frail memorial still erected nigh. 1822 J. Wilson 65 If you will let my bones lie quiet in the grave, near the dust of your mother, depart not from my burial till..you promise to love one another as you used to do. 1880 Ld. Tennyson Columbus in 84 Then some one standing by my grave will say, ‘Behold the bones of Christopher Colòn’. 1966 J. L. Shepherd tr. F. Gaillardet x. 119 There lie the bones of the sublime adventurer, lost in the wilderness. 2005 J. O. Cofer i. 12 My father's bones lie under a headstone listing all the wars since his last game. 8. the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > [noun] a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) l. 4569 (MED) Þair [sc. cow's] hidd was clongun to þe ban. 1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Scotl. 361/1 in I Not ouercharged with flesh, but bigge of bone, a mightie personage, vpright and tall. 1609 W. Shakespeare iii. iii. 166 High birth, vigor of bone, desert in seruice. View more context for this quotation 1614 G. Markham i. 65 These Sheep are very little of bone, blacke faced, and beare a very little burthen. 1663 T. Jordan 22 Forty and fifty, Wenches of fifteen; With bone so large, and nerve so incomplyant, When you call Desdemona, enter Giant. 1796 56 The best feeding pigs, like oxen, are wide, plump, and round of carcase, light of bone, and have short legs and soft hair. 1897 29 541/2 The Spanish pointer was huge of bone, coarse in head and muzzle, very throaty. 1943 R. P. Warren xiii. 182 An athlete's body, not old yet, modeled steelily, almost sparely, over an Egyptian delicacy of bone. 1959 I. Compton-Burnett i. 24 All four [men] had the straightness of bone and suppleness of hand that went to the family type. 1998 W. C. Jameson iii. 66 Thick of brow, beady of eye, and heavy of bone, Bolton possessed a sinister look and rough demeanor. 1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. (rev. ed.) i. xxv. 117 Your doded white fast sheepe..is euer profitable both to the sheares and the shambles, being commonly of good bone, and good burthen. a1644 F. Quarles (1646) vii. 73 Their Pasture's green and fresh; They'r of good bone, and meetly struck in flesh. 1704 at Mares Which will make him [sc. a foal] more Lusty, and of greater Bone and Stature,..than the Colt foaled in May or June. 1785 J. Weatherby 13 315 A superior stallion to most other horses, being 16 hands and one inch high, remarkable full of bone, great sinew, well shaped. 1829 7 26 Two or three thorough-bred mares, which had thrown foals, small in size, and deficient in bone, to a blood-horse. 1877 Feb. 31/1 She [sc. a bay mare] was well spread, on short legs, with plenty of bone and muscle. 1900 18 Aug. 1049/2 A light-coloured bay..full of bone and good in shoulder. 1955 3 Aug. 4/7 We have seen a few really useful heavyweights, notably..a fine, deep horse with tremendous bone,..obviously up to all the weight in the world. 2009 F. Lynghaug 438/2 Body: Well muscled with good bone and substance, well sprung ribs, and level topline. 9. figurative and in figurative contexts. the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > that which supports > supporting framework 1542 T. Elyot at Deucalion Deucalion beynge verye wytty, perceyued that the erthe was mother of al thynges, and that stones were the bones of the erth. 1634 T. Herbert 209 The shipwracke of a Dutch Ship cald the Mauritius, that laid her bones here. 1836 ix. 237 I now saw her [sc. a ship's] naked bones abandoned to be the sport of the waves. 1853 W. M. Thackeray (1854) I. ix. 89 Curtains were taken down, mattresses explored, every bone in bed dislocated and washed. 1878 126 106 The bones of the language gradually were weakened. 1938 D. C. Peattie ii. 7 Of the prairie province they say that the seas made it. Its bones are of coral, of diatoms, and protean microscopic animals. 1969 23 May Suppl. 10/3 The basic construction consists of poured concrete and reinforcing steel. This is the building's bones. 1972 21 May 32/5 The bridge's granite bones, made rheumatic by 140 years' exposure to London's damp fog. 2000 7 Dec. a1/6 The..design decision to build the new sport utility on the bones of a pickup truck instead of all in one piece, like a car. the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > [noun] > essential elements > mere essential elements society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > fiction > [noun] > plot 1647 M. Nedham 2 The bare bones, the very Skeleton of a Monarchie. 1673 J. Dare 67 The Dice he delights in will in the end waste his Estate to the very bones. 1722 H. Prideaux Let. 5 Feb. in (1748) 278 These are only jejune epitomees, containing no more than the bare bones of the Oriental History. 1811 W. M. Morison XXXV. 15720 They might have left their successors in office nothing but the bare bones of a small elusory tack-duty. 1888 15 Dec. 714/2 There are ‘the bones of’ something like a novel of some merit in The Jewel Reputation. 1905 23 Mar. 7/3 Counsel did not allege that Mr. Tanner had copied plaintiff's dialogue, but the ‘bone’ was the same. 1962 A. Nisbett xiii. 233 He will need time..to present the bare bones of the argument. 1999 8 Nov. 88/2 What he had was the bones of a story in exquisitely bad taste. 2015 (Nexis) 23 Mar. (Sport section) 12 We still have the bones of a good squad and some new girls have come in. III. Extended uses. the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > fruit or reproductive product > [noun] > stone-fruit or drupe > stone or formation of stone c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Baruch vi. 42 Wymmen..sitten in weyes, brennynge boonys of olyues [L. ossa olivarum]. tr. Palladius (Duke Humfrey) (1896) ii. l. 394 Now sette is pechis boon. 1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner ii. f. 99v Take..of the ashes of ye bones of Oliues burned two ounces. 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault iii. li. 546 After to presse the bones or stones of the oliues by themselues. 1658 tr. G. della Porta iv. xxi. 148 There is a kind of Lote without any inward kernel, which is as hard as a bone in the other kind. the world > life > the body > sex organs > male sex organs > [noun] > penis > erect 1654 No. 26. 225 I mean such a Mary-bone that the Mary-bone man held in his hand when he was pissing against Hatton-Wall; methought it was the finest white bone I ever saw in all my life. 1906 Bawdy N.Y. State MS (typescript) 3 in www.horntip.com (O.E.D. Archive 2018) Old Mother Hubbard, went to the cupboard, To get her poor dog a bone; But while she was gone, a bitch came along, And the dog had a bone of his own. 1936 23 72 The common slang for erection is ‘to have a bone on.’ 1993 13 Oct. 11/2 (heading) What's happened to your bone? Does your penis have a weird story?.. We'll pay $50 for your tool's tale. 2010 S. Hunter 195 Maybe the great Bob Lee Swagger has a bone on, and he's come down here to Chinatown to get it off. the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [noun] > coal > other types of coal 1817 18 Jan. 1/2 Five valuable mines of coal, called by the names of the Arley Mine (six feet thick)—The Five Feet Mine (five feet thick)—The Bone Coal (two feet six inches thick) [etc.]. 1860 E. Hull 15 The ‘Bone Coal’... It derives its name from the intermixture with more bituminous bands, of a peculiar stony coal, called ‘bone’, which, after burning, leaves a white ash. 1916 E. A. Holbrook (University of Illinois Engin. Exper. Station Bull. 88) 55 These impure coals are called bony coal or simply ‘bone’, and by English engineers ‘bass’. 2002 49 129/1 In addition, coal with a significant amount of disseminated fine clay and/or silt in the organic matter is referred to as bone. the world > the earth > land > ground > [noun] > hard the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > [noun] > hard substance or thing > a hardness of ground due to frost 1864 6 Feb. 101/1 In order that there should be as little ‘bone’ in the ground as possible, the first race..was postponed for half an hour. 1895 2 Mar. 135/3 Although there is still much bone in the ground, Rugby Football has been started again. 1941 25 Oct. 11/1 Although..the much-used roads are deep in slush, there is still sufficient ‘bone’ in the ground to make cross-country traffic easy. 1988 July 94/2 Modern fairway irrigation..has taken much of the bone out of the ground. 2000 (Nexis) 30 Dec. 25 It got down to -3C last night... The course was raceable at midday—there is no bone in the ground. society > trade and finance > money > sum of money > [noun] > specific sums of money > a dollar 1889 S. A. Bailey ii. 26 Mickey struck me for the loan of a hundred ‘bones’. 1921 6 Apr. 4/3 Tory and Grit, Tom Uphill too, Declared that they were speaking true, Two thousand bones to each was due, Or else they would be scabbing. 1951 15 Nov. He's just a hundred ‘bones’ to spend To buy supplies and build their bridge. 2014 M. Garriga iii. 208 That makes seventeen total, and at forty bucks a pop, that equals..shit if I know, like a thousand bones, I guess. 1935 28 June 3/3 (advt.) 5-pc. oak dinette... Strictly modern in design and finish. Available in bone oak; white enamel [etc.]. 1976 24 Jan. 15/3 (advt.) Cavalier pant boot... Brown, white, black, bone, luggage tan, navy, or red. 2015 (Nexis) Apr. 139 Stone-effect ceramic mosaics..available in Bone, Taupe and Country. IV. Senses relating to articles originally or usually manufactured from bone or from a substance resembling bone. society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > dice-playing > [noun] > die or dice c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer (Ellesmere) (1872) l. 656 This fruyt cometh of the bicched bones two fforsweryng Ire falsnesse Homycide. c1425 J. Lydgate (Augustus A.iv) ii. 838 Ȝif on haue Ioye, anoþer suffereþ wo, Liche as þe bonys renne to and fro. ?1499 J. Skelton (de Worde) sig. Bijv On the borde he whyrled a payre of bones. a1625 J. Fletcher (1640) i. 9 Thou wan'st my mony too, with a pair of base bones. 1735 J. Swift Full & True Acct. Execution W. Wood in IV. 246 Gamester. I'll make his Bones rattle. 1848 W. M. Thackeray lxvii. 617 No, no, Becky..We must have the bones in. 1907 C. Born iv. i. 133 Here is the wager and there the wine. Shake the bones! 1996 June 64/2 When a new shooter tosses the bones, his first roll is called a ‘come-out’ roll. the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > stiffening > whalebone > strip of 1595 sig. B These priuie coates, by arte made strong, With bones. 1788 J. O'Keeffe ii. 50 Here, my Mistress desires you'll add two Bones to her Stays, and bring 'em against To-morrow. 1823 31 May Ladies..will please to send..the exact length of one bone (the bone only) of any Umbrella or Parasol they may wish to have covered. 1876 6 Jan. 3/5 She..found a bullet lodged in one of the bones of her corsets, directly over her heart. 1931 28 Mar. 538/2 She was very stout, of short stature, and in the sitting position the bones of her corset pressed deeply into the flesh of her thighs. 1961 28 Feb. 6/9 Attach the boning to the dress bodice by placing the bones over the seams and edge stitching it..to the seam allowances. 2016 M. Barrington xi. 145/3 The lack of bones means that the corset cannot be pulled in as tightly. the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > lacemaking > bobbin(s) 1599 J. Minsheu at Majaderuélo A little pestle. Also the bones or wooden things that women make bone lace with. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) ii. iv. 44 The free maides that weaue their thred with bones . View more context for this quotation 1691 J. Ray (ed. 2) 9 Bones, bobbins, because probably made at first of small Bones. Hence Bone-lace. [Also in later dictionaries.] 19. society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > percussion instrument > [noun] > bones 1600 W. Shakespeare iv. i. 29 Wilt thou heare some musique..Lets haue the tongs, and the bones. 1846 15 Feb. 3/1 They sit in a line, like the Ethiopian Serenaders, but they have no other feature in common with those famous masters of bone and banjo. 1846 28 Feb. 4/2 Five dark gentlemen, from the state of ‘Ould Virginny’, who chant sweetly and lustily, and accompany themselves on banjoes, tambourine, accordion, and bones. 1865 17 July Amateur negro melodists..thumbed the banjo and rattled the bones. 1918 3 452 A totally uneducated Negro, dancing or playing the bones, is often a consummate artist in rhythm. 1986 B. Bastin 35 A five-piece Florida jug band..comprised three jugs, a harmonica and jug player, and bones, all played by boys. 2016 (Nexis) 25 Aug. She was learning how to play the bones, an ancient homemade rhythm instrument. society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > instrumentalist > percussion player > [noun] > player on bones 1846 R. Ford xxiii. 325 Many a performer [on the castanets], dusky as a Moor, rivals Ethiopian ‘Bones’ himself. 1853 23 July 276/1 Their performances are greeted with unbounded applause. That Mr. ‘Bones’ will be the death of some one yet, if he perseveres in his comicalities much longer. 1865 19 July Mr. W. P. Collins, the bones of the company, possesses a large amount of genuine humor, and is an actor of no mean ability. 1928 6 May 6/3 The end men were ‘Bones’ and ‘Tambo’ respectively. 1972 17 Sept. 34/2 Mr Interlocutor and his corps of minstrels (Tambo, Bones, Rastus, etc.). 2008 K. A. Boon v. 140 The characters of the minstrel show—Brudder or Mister Bones, Tambo, Mr. Interlocutor, and M.C.—were grotesque exaggerations of the life African Americans led at the time. society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun] > document which permits or authorizes > ticket > other forms of ticket society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > a theatre > theatrical equipment or accessories > [noun] > ticket > others 1788 Oct. 450/1 I shall thank you for a couple of your bones for to-night. 1819 C. Lamb Let. 9 July in (1935) II. 253 If your Bones are not engaged on Monday night, will you favor us with the use of them? 1841 Dec. 690/1 He acknowledged the emphatic greeting of his two bones in the pit. 1853 R. S. Surtees xxxi. 190 Innumerable were the invitations that poured into his chambers in the Albany—dinner parties, evening parties, balls, concerts, bones for the opera. 1922 17 424 Prominent players of the company were allowed a certain number of passes nightly to the boxes and gallery for the service of their friends... These were the ‘bones.’ 1998 K. Hughes xi. 134 Those who only took a box to keep up appearances often sold their unused seats (commonly called ‘bones’, after the round, numbered bone tickets of admission) to their friends. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > equipment > [noun] > club > parts of club 1890 H. G. Hutchinson xvii. 478 Bone, see Horn [A piece of that substance inserted in the sole of the club to prevent it splitting]. 1891 16 Jan. 276/1 The bone and lead should fit nicely into the head, as unless this be the case it is apt to break. 1896 R. J. B. Tait in J. Kerr 430 A favourite pastime of ours was to lay down a lucifer match and light it by hitting the brimstone with the bone of the club at full swing. 1915 237 Bone, a piece of ram's horn inserted in the sole of the club to prevent it from splitting. society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > table game > dominoes > [noun] > domino 1897 R. F. Foster 564 Each player draws seven bones. 1902 J. Conrad Heart of Darkness in 48 The accountant had brought out already a box of dominoes, and was toying architecturally with the bones. 1970 26 Aug. 16/4 He wins the hand, scoring as many points as there are pips on the bones still held by the opponent. 2000 V. A. Arnold 5 All of the older men would..play dominoes all day long. They would slap those wooden picnic tables real hard with their ‘bones.’ Phrases P1. a. Phrases with to. (a) to the bone (also to the bare bone). the mind > possession > poverty > in impoverished state [phrase] the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > intuition > perceive by intuition [verb (intransitive)] society > occupation and work > working > [verb (intransitive)] > work hard or toil the mind > possession > poverty > [adjective] > poor > lacking money the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > [adjective] > marked by or betokening meanness the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > completely [phrase] > thoroughly > from beginning to end or through and through society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > moral or spiritual impurity > indecency > indecent [phrase] OE Ælfric (Laud) 61 On weallendum ele he het hine baðian, for ðan þe se hata ele gæð in to ðam bane. ?a1300 (c1250) Prov. Hendyng (Digby) xxxv, in (1881) 4 198 Betere is þe holde loverd þen þe newe, þat þe wole frete and gnawe To þe bare bone. a1350 in R. H. Robbins (1959) 7 Ȝet þer is a bitterore bid [read bit] to þe bon, for euer þe furþe peni mot to þe kynge. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) l. 15788 Ilk dint þat þai him gaf, it reked to þe ban. a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer (Hunterian) (1891) l. 1059 They prile and poynten The folk right to the bare boon. a1535 T. More (1553) iii. sig. N.iii With occasyons of his warres he pylleth them with taxis and tallagis vnto the bare bones. 1596 tr. vii. 57 The prince..hit him such a gash vnder his roundache, with his full force, that peircing his harnesse cleane thorow, he cut his flesh to the bone. 1619 T. Medeley 186 He shall be catched, dragd, and haled to prison, he shal be pincht & flieced to the bare bones, yea they will hardly leaue, till they haue pluckt from him all that hoe is able to make. 1676 R. Wiseman i. xi. 57 His Thumb being inflamed..I made Incision into it to the Bone. 1709 R. Steele No. 62 There was lately a young Gentleman bit to the Bone. ?1774 II. xlv. 243 If we..quietly hold out our necks for the yoke of slavery, we shall not only be plucked and picked, but pared to the bone. 1800 W. Holland Diary in (1984) 29 Robert called me down rather early to see the horse's leg dressed. 'Tis a nasty wound quite to the bone. 1875 1 Feb. 43/2 The muscles were then divided down to the bone with a clean cut by a catlin from the heel to its point. 1913 L. Woolf i. 11 There were few in the village without the filthy sores of parangi, their legs eaten out to the bone with the yellow, sweating ulcers. 1989 R. Swindells (1991) 144 I was walking head bowed and half blind in the teeth of a wind which keened like a mourner and cut me to the bone. 2002 N. Tosches 18 I long ago had been stabbed to the bone in the metacarpal thenar of my left hand. 1756 22 The Thing scarce deserves an Answer, yet I am resolved to give it one, and make these French Scoundrels blush to the Bone. 1843 Apr. 125/2 Chilled to the bone by the immersion he had undergone. 1858 T. Carlyle I. iii. xx. 375 He being Calvinist..she Lutheran..and strict to the bone. 1916 W. Owen 16 Aug. (1967) 405 My poor troops were wet to the bone. (But I had my Trench Coat.) 1948 B. Griffith iii. iii. 302 They started jiving with the other kids between the tables like they was happy to the bone. 1997 Jan. 61 I was thrilled to the bone every time it rang. 2013 K. J. Fowler (2014) i. i. 6 My father was himself a college professor and a pedant to the bone. 1813 XVII. 1224 Then you charged the duty..payable in the colonies; where it was certain the collection would devour it to the bone; if any revenue were ever suffered to be collected at all. 1870 J. A. Froude XII. xxxiii. 219 The public service had been pared to the bone, as even the supplies of ammunition had been cut short. 1937 Apr. 9/2 (advt.) There's no wasted heat—no wasted oil. Fuel costs are cut to the bone. 1974 22 June 48/4 I am determined not to cut any prices—I would rather have a smaller turnover but still show a profit than cut my margins to the bone. 2013 28 Aug. 2/4 The London housing market is currently experiencing a bubble..and that when this bursts there will be an almighty slowdown that will pare profits to the bone. c1475 (1969) l. 356 Alasse, goode fadere, þis labor fretyth yow to þe bone. 1593 sig. C2 Neighbourly loue is made a hacknie, being so worne to the bones. 1729 C. Coffey ii. 32 And if we offer to complain, we are immediately whipt into the Work-House, where we must work our Fingers to the Bone, and be half-starved for our Labour, in order to enrich our Tyrannical Masters. 1786 W. M. Trinder xii. 215 Sharp misery hath worn him to the bone. 1838 C. Gilman xxvii. 189 I worked my fingers most to the bone for them pictures. 1855 June 47/2 The victim might wear her fingers to the bone in writing petitions before one could reach him. 1900 F. D. Byrne & L. Strachey tr. H. de Balzac Mad Musician in XXIII. 123 His poor wife is compelled to work herself to the bone! 1911 J. M. Barrie ii ‘Much good,’ he said bitterly, ‘my wearing myself to the bone trying to be funny in this house.’ 1987 F. Gasdner tr. J. Derrida in (1998) iv. 105 Metaphor is perhaps not only a subject worn to the bone. 2005 C. Alliott ii. 23 He..works his fingers to the bone to pay the mortgage and the school fees. b. Phrases with in. a1470 T. Malory (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) II. 550 Than sir Launcelot smyled and seyde, ‘Harde hit ys to take oute off the fleysshe that ys bredde in the boone!’ 1546 J. Heywood ii. viii. sig. Kii It will not out of the fleshe, thats bred in the bone. 1598 F. Meres tr. Luis de Granada i. xxviii. 330 How may such a conuersion be possible, that that should speedily and on a sodaine be put off, which eyther being bred in the bone, is soundly confirmed by reason of the solidity of naturall matter, or being accustomed, is so deeply rooted by the customary frequentation of continuall practise? 1621 tr. J. De Nicolas sig. B3 Doating adoration of the Virgin Mary, a disease which had long bin my bosome-darling, and being bredde in my bones, would very hardly come out of my flesh. 1699 R. Atkyns 9 And that it may appear, that this humour of the Nation was, as we use to say, bred in the bone. 1719 D. Defoe 1 What is bred in the Bone will not go out of the Flesh. 1798 J. S. Murray I. ii. 36 What is bred in the bone will never come through the skin, as the saying is. 1852 H. B. Stowe (U.K. ed.) xix. 191 His old court pride..was ingrain, bred in the bone. 1892 14 The children of drunken parents with the evil already seething in their bodies and bred in their bones. 1918 Jan. 6/2 The Glenwood boys had been brought up to play fair; it was bred in their bones as surely as was the courtesy and mutual consideration which characterized their manners. 1962 6 July 13/1 His ancestor was an informer.., but what's bred in the bone, they say, comes out in the flesh. 2003 Feb. 28/2 Here's my list of what's bred in the bone of a real boater. 1535 Prov. xii. A She that behaueth herself vnhonestly, is a corrupcion in his bones [Ger. ynn seynem gebeyne]. 1620 C. Fitz-Geffry 11 The Wormes take possession of vs, almost as soone as we doe of life... Thus haue we Death alreadie in vs and on vs... We haue it in our bones, we carrie the hansell of it in our bowels. 1819 J. B. White i. ii. 8 Their badness is in their bones—They never will be good, not while the sun shines. 1866 15 Dec. 1400/2 A consummate coquette, with inconstancy in her very bones. 1932 ‘L. G. Gibbon’ i. 50 You felt fine and tingly and above all the rest of the queans who weren't learning Latin or anything else, they were kitchen-maids in the bone. 1983 C. C. Gillispie v. 138/2 Of Joseph's command of chemistry, Matthieu Duret observed that he had the science in his bones and not from books. 2005 in B. Wright 88 She didn't think about it very much, it was just in her bones. The Jewish calendar was what organized her life. 1605 W. Leigh sig. A7 Come we neerer home, euen to that which wee feele in our bones, and finde in our flesh as harbengers of deathes approach, and deeper printes of our mortalitye. 1823 11 July We feel it in our bones, that the victory will be an easy one. 1878 J. H. Beadle ii. 42 I felt in my bones no good could come of it. 1923 J. A. Spender in 13 Oct. They know in their bones it is nonsense. 1940 16 Feb. 1/1 O. W. Killam believes in his bones that nothing will stop the Laredo district from getting back on the oil map. 2000 S. Vickers 238 I had not met his brother but twins are alike, and so I felt in my bones I could trust the other brother too. OE Ælfric (Claud.) ii. 23 Adam ða cwæð: Ðis is nu ban of minum banum & flæsc of minum flæsce [L. os ex ossibus meis et caro de carne mea]. ?1529 R. Hyrde tr. J. L. Vives ii. sig. U The fyrst father of mankynde, as sone as he sawe her, sayd..that it was a bone of his bones [L. os ex ossibus meis]. ?1546 W. Peryn ii. f. lxvi And certainly it is, not breade..that can (by eatinge therof) incorporate vs, vnto the naturall bodye of Christe, and make vs of his bones, sauinge onelye, the naturall body and bloud of oure sauiour Christ. 1611 2 Sam. xix. 13 Art thou not of my bone, and of my flesh? View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton ix. 914 I feel The Link of Nature draw me: Flesh of Flesh, Bone of my Bone thou art. 1732 H. Fielding i. 7 'Tis true, my good Dear, I am Bone of your Bone, Thank the Parson who stitch'd two Wretches in one. 1764 Aug. 478/1 Her young child, Flesh of her flesh, and of her bone the bone. 1822 R. Barrow in Jan. 245 Thus England may for her past errors atone, By making America bone of her bone. 1880 A. Trollope III. viii. 96 Yes,—he liked Isabel Boncassen. But how different was that liking from a desire that she should be bone of his bone, and flesh of his flesh! 1931 25 June 10/2 Blood of our blood, and bone of our bone, educated in establishments calculated to thoroughly fit the cadet for such command. 2017 (Nexis) 22 June c4 She has made it clear that he was her ‘best friend and bone of her bone’. d. Figurative phrases relating to bones in or used for food. Cf. sense 4. the world > action or operation > difficulty > [noun] > that which is difficult > a difficult problem c1450 C. d'Orleans (1941) 172 Y tolde yow now right wel a fyn When ye had sene parcas ye neuyr saw It myght wel happe yow fynde a bon to gnaw. 1565 J. Calfhill f. 129v A bone for you to picke on. 1579 S. Gosson f. 12v Some Archeplayer..will cast mee a bone or two to pick. a1605 (c1422) T. Hoccleve Complaint (Durh.) l. 398 in (1970) i. 109 He [sc. God] me gave a bone on for to knaw[e], me to correcte and of hym to have awe. 1647 J. Lilburne (title page) There is thrown unto Tho. Edwards, the Author of the 3. Vlcerous Gangrænes, a bone or two to pick. 1703 iii. 42 I'll engage to throw 'em such a Bone to pick shall make their Eye-teeth crack. 1766 12 Feb. Squintum has said, The Devil had, a bone to picke with Footé. 1817 3 Oct. Canada would be no longer..a bone to pick between England and America. 1850 H. Rogers (1874) II. ii. 103 Many a ‘bone’ in these lectures which a keen metaphysician would be disposed to ‘pick’ with the author. 1884 H. R. Haggard I. iv. 52 I consider that I have got a bone to pick with Providence about that nose. 1941 65 78 The merchants for their part had a bone to pick with the customs office. 2001 P. Burston xiii. 175 I've got a bone to pick with Neil. (b) 1459 J. Brackley in (2004) II. 186 And fond that tyme no bonys in the matere. a1529 J. Skelton Tunnyng of Elynour Rummyng in (?1545) 381 Supped it up at once; She founde therein no bones. 1577 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin xxxii. f. 227 For it seemeth too bee no euill at all too vse iesting and scoffing talke, insomuch that men would make a vertewe of it, and fynd no bones at all in it. the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > hesitate or scruple at [verb (transitive)] 1520 sig. a.vv Beware also ye make no bande ne bone of nombre of psalmes or prayers, but vse them for the tyme that ye haue pleasure and deuocyon in them. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus I. Luke i. f. 28 He made no manier bones ne stickyng, but went in hande to offer up his only son Isaac. 1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin (lxxiii. 9) i. f. 275v/2 As for mans hand, they make no bones at it. 1581 J. Marbeck 325 What matter soever is intreated of, they never make bones in it. 1608 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas (new ed.) ii. iv. 113 Hee..makes no bone To swear by God (for hee beleeues ther's none). 1670 G. Havers tr. G. Leti i. ii. 40 The Pope makes no bones to break..the Decrees. 1725 9 Jan. It would set the People together by the Ears, and keep them clashing and mistrusting one another, while the French King should gain Flanders, and then he would make no Bones of getting England too. 1798 G. Colman i. i Most of your proud folks make no bones of tippling with a tallow-chandler, in his back-room, on a melting day. 1850 W. M. Thackeray II. xxvi. 263 Do you think that the Government or the Opposition would make any bones about accepting the seat if he offered it to them? 1878 R. Simpson I. 51 Elizabeth was thus making huge bones of sending some £7000 over for the general purposes of the government in Ireland. 1908 24 289/2 As I don't believe in making bones about a small thing, I'll charge you nothing. 1955 Sept. 256/1 On the other hand, Dr. Libby makes no bones about the catastrophe of a nuclear war. 2010 V. H. Mayne i. 35 Despite his total lack of driving skills, Bud decided this was no time to be making bones about it. 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus ii. f. 245 And when Caesar had thus aunswered, yes, why should ye not? The other without any more bones [L. protinus] cast me the byrde..out at the wyndoore. ?1589 T. Nashe sig. 12v A boule of Beere, which..you tooke..and trilled it off without anie more bones. (c) With allusion to dogs fighting over a bone. society > society and the community > dissent > become at variance with [verb (transitive)] > cause (dissension) > set (people) at variance 1498 (de Worde) sig. Cij/1 Wherfore dethe thought he wolde auenged be..And at banket made of soo lyte Whiche caused hym among them to cast in a bone þt founde them gnawyng ynough euerychone. 1528 W. Tyndale f. lxxv And if moch landes by any chaunce fall to one man ever to cast a bone in the waye, that he shall never be able to obteyne it, as we now se in the Emperoure. 1546 J. Heywood ii. ii. sig. G The diuell hath caste a bone..to set strife Betwene you. 1660 79 But you cast in Bones here to make some difference. 1702 R. L'Estrange tr. Josephus Jewish Antiq. xvi. xi, in 457 By this Means she..cast-in a Bone betwixt the Wife and the Husband. 1996 Li Xiaobing et al. tr. in Nos. 6–7. 223 Jiang Jieshi will likely hold a press conference..accusing us of attempting to cast a bone between him and America. (ii) society > society and the community > dissent > [noun] > causing dissension > cause or subject of dissension 1590 in Sir P. Sidney ii. xxvi. f. 216 (chapter summary) Zelmanes confident attempt to appease the mutinie... A bone of diuision cast by her,..and caught by them. 1596 W. Lambarde (rev. ed.) 472 This became such a bone of dissention between these deere friends. 1606 W. Bradshaw xvi. 144 That thes things are become bones of contention, is onely the fault of the Prelats. 1711 J. Anderson 33 The Liturgie, since it was first Hatched, has been the Bone of Contention in England. 1803 Duke of Wellington (1837) I. 517 A great bone of contention between Scindiah & Holkar. 1831 12 Dec. 3/2 He had intended to propose something, but would not introduce any bone of dissension. 1912 10 June 10/2 The election of such an outspoken tariff reformer..still remains as a bone of discord in the party. 1935 Oct. 103 At present, the bone of dissension is the matter of establishing Asiatic bases for the Pan-American trans-Pacific line. 2005 (Nexis) 29 Apr. 12 Dominus Iesus..has been a frequent bone of contention between the Vatican and Protestant churches. 1829 4 Aug. The special wish of the Government that no opposition should be made to Mr. O'Connell, and that by throwing a bone to the agitator, he might be induced to cease from giving disturbance. 1871 E. C. G. Murray II. xv. 87/2 If we release this man and throw him a bone, it must be an understood thing that his paper leaves off poking fun at me. 1900 J. Scoble & H. R. Abercrombie ix. 119 Better to throw them a bone..and make them part of the fighting machine which was to dominate Africa. 1959 F. O'Connor Let. 17 Oct. in (1980) 356 Somebody sent me that issue of Harper's as I am thrown a bone in it. 2014 Sept. 68/2 Truck operators are ‘thrown a bone’ in the form of tax relief to help jumpstart a market for advanced truck technology. c1450 (?a1449) in (1934) ii. 459 Hit may well hap he shall haue an horn, A large bone to stuff wythall his hood. a1500 in R. L. Greene (1935) 268 Some of them be trewe of love Beneth the gerdell but nat above, And in a hode a bone can chove. c1500 Piers of Fulham (Rawl.) in W. C. Hazlitt (1866) II. 15 (MED) Such foules..The lampwynkes and thise calmewes..That can make and put a bone In the hoodis of their hosbondes, Whan they be goon fer oute of londe. 1560 Nice Wanton in W. C. Hazlitt (1874) II. 170 Then, by the rood, A bone in your hood I shall put, ere it be long. 1618 tr. L. Spirito sig. Dviij Though thou thinke her neuer so good, Thou shalt the bone beare in thy hood. f. (a) 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus f. 337v He refused to speake, allegeyng that he had a bone in his throte, & could not speake. 1623 J. Wodroephe 496/2 Hee hath a Bone in his Mouth. So said to him that answeres not quickely being spoken to. 1659 J. Howell Ital. Prov. 6/1 in He hath no bones in his mouth, he is a smooth-toungd fellow. a1791 W. Williams (1969) xvii. 191 I have no bone in my throat. I think I speak clear enough. 1894 E. C. Brewer (1895) 159/2 I have a bone in my throat. I cannot talk; I cannot answer your question. 1855 Dec. 417 Thrice he [sc. a racehorse] has proved a bone in the throat of Stork, a more sturdy but not so lengthy a little fellow, but still his size is against him. 1930 11 Mar. 5/5 Any new producer that comes into the market is a nuisance to the syndicate, and is called a ‘bone in its throat’. 1962 5 Oct. 53/2 Castro began as a bone in the throat of the Eisenhower administration four years ago. 1979 E. Abbey xv. 155 'Gator Roberts, the most famous alligator poacher in the state of Florida..and a bone in the throat of Everglades park rangers. 2001 C. M. McCurdy ix. 222 Anti-rent agitation had been a bone in his throat since he accepted the Democratic nomination for governor. the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > pretend, dissemble [phrase] > specific illness 1614 T. Tuke 77 If thy companions whistle, thou trudgest: But Christ cals thee, thou tarriest, thou findst excuses; there is a bone in thy legge, thou canst not come. 1634 W. S. 49 Many men would gripe at great matters, but they haue a bone in their armes which hinders them. 1738 J. Swift 203 I can't go, for I have a Bone in my Leg. 1844 A. Smith Fortunes Scattergood Family xxii. in 16 4 Having successively stated that he was labouring under elephantiasis, with the additional infliction of a bone in his leg, and something green in his eye. 1906 June 95/2 David, I've got a bone in my arm; won't you carry a book for me? 1924 C. Mackenzie (1960) xiii. 168 I'm not going to bathe this morning, Miss Horton. I've got a bone in my leg. 1972 J. Gaythorne-Hardy 350 ‘Play with me Nanny.’ ‘I've a bone in my leg.’ 2018 @Okeating 21 Jan. in twitter.com (O. E. D. Archive) I won't go. I'm going to tell them I need to be excused because I've got a bone in my leg. g. Proverbs. a1250 (?c1200) (Galba) (transcript of damaged MS) (1955) 119 Ofte tunȝe breceþ bon, Þeih he habbe him-selue non. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) iii. l. 463 (MED) Men sein that the harde bon, Althogh himselven have non, A tunge brekth it al to pieces. 1555 J. Heywood Sig. C.vi Tongue breaketh bone, and bone it hath none. 1701 A. Pleunus 265 The tongue breaks bones, though it self has none. 1874 11 Mar. 6/4 The tongue breaketh bone, though itself hath none. 1584 R. Greene 38 As words breake no bones, so we cared the lesse for hir scolding. a1623 W. Pemble (1628) 34 Let God and his Ministers threaten never so much, we then thinke within our selues that threatned men liue longest, & such angrie words breake no bones. 1734 H. Fielding ii. vi. 31 High words break no Bones. 1799 49 Though ill words break no bones, they raise the cudgel. 1867 A. Trollope I. xlii. 363 I often tell 'em how wrong folks are to say that soft words butter no parsnips, and hard words break no bones. 1920 J. Galsworthy i. 19 Well, bad words break no bones, an' they're wonderful for hardenin' the heart. 1992 22 Mar. (Review section) 5/4 The speeches are full of invectives. But hard words break no bones. society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > make progress > move swiftly 1627 J. Smith ii. 10 If the Bow be too broad, she will seldome carry a Bone in her mouth or cut a feather, that is, to make a fome before her. 1734 J. Serenius sig. Qqq2v/2 The ship carries a bone in Her mouth. 1851 H. W. Longfellow v. 257 See how she leaps..and speeds away with a bone in her mouth. 1898 7 May 7/5 She came on under full steam, carrying ‘a bone in her teeth’ as the sailors say. 1922 2 Sept. 244/2 Then shaking her reefs out she turned to the South, Her canvas all gleaming, a bone in her mouth. 1947 4 Aug. 3/2 Felma had a bone in her teeth as she crossed the finishing line in fourth place, well ahead of her own class and of many of the bigger craft. 2014 P. Taylor xiv. 135 One of the ships.., a sleek destroyer, rushed by with a bone in her teeth. 1821 26 Sept. On occasion of a late slight indisposition, she observed to her nephew, who is aged 84 years—‘Ah! my child, I believe I shall not make old bones!’ 1829 20 June 46/1 We are beginning to make old bones already—for three Masquerades in little more than a month, besides our dramatic attendances, are almost too much for us. 1873 M. F. S. 28 Poor, pale, pretty little dear..she'll never live to make old bones. 1924 R. H. Mottram i. 75 Poor old father, he's making old bones; it's the boys he misses. 1953 ‘N. Shute’ viii. 259 Edward the Seventh and George the Fifth—they neither of them made old bones. 2017 (Nexis) 14 Sept. If your parents or siblings live to make old bones, you've probably got a head-start. 1850 14 Jan. I know that she has'nt [sic] a lazy bone in her body. 1865 18 Oct. 1/2 Ellis had'nt [sic] a Quaker bone in her body nor Methodist drop in her blood. 1904 1 Sept. 4/2 Do not encourage a man who has not an honest bone in his body. 1940 31 Mar. 30/2 My wife doesn't have a jealous bone in her body. 2014 S. May xxii. 157 I haven't got a Sapphic bone in my body, worse luck. k. near (also close to) the bone. 1866 W. Gregor (Philol. Soc.) 117 He's unco near the bane, wi' a' thing it he gees. 1901 30 Mar. I hate yer near the bane wyes. 1904 2 Apr. Farmer Wilson was rather near the bone, and kept his hinds on short commons. 1929 J. Milne 11 The folk o' Aiberdeen are a' byous near the been. 1985 436/1 Near the bane, miserly. 1873 6 Apr. 6/2 He has had a hard time and has lived close to the bone. 1891 11 Sept. 3/5 The league schedule is getting close to the bone. 1919 9 Apr. 2/6 Aren't they running this Domestic Economy Stunt rather close to the bone? 1947 N. Cardus 9 He declined, in a family which was always living close to the bone, to take on any job. 1990 P. Auster i. 18 He had always lived too close to the bone to think much about them, and once the novelty of the inheritance had worn off, he reverted to his old modest habits. 2001 Dec. 87/2 Undoubtedly, many companies, running close to the bone, couldn't afford to safely clone their archives in more than one place. 1929 29 June 14 Getting rather near the bone. After all, there are some things you simply can't make jokes about. 1941 A. L. Rowse xiii. 337 Charging him..with having ‘two harlots begotten with child in his own house’... This was getting pretty near the bone. 1980 3 May 13/6 It is an utterly gripping story, but..too close to the bone, and too lacking in light relief. 2013 11 June 20/4 The self-mocking has to be close to the bone, it has to hurt, or it doesn't work. 1880 1 92 The same doctor was good enough to throw the bones (dolosi) at my request to indicate the whereabouts of some missing oxen. 1890 P. Gillmore xxii. 140 One of my Zulus has cast the ‘bones’ to learn what luck..[Dillon] has had, and these say that he has already killed four big elephants. 1970 28 June Khotso, who last year threw the bones and successfully tipped Naval Escort, says that Golden Jewel will win the Durban July next Saturday. 2004 D. Cumes (2007) iv. 51 ‘Mazia is having a problem,’ PH said. ‘You must read the bones for him.’ m. on the bone. 1891 21 Nov. His sweet companion fell head over heels in love with another member of the sterner sex..leaving our manufacturer of rhyme (to speak in vulgar phraseology) fairly ‘on the bone’. 1898 29 July We don't know any of our chaps that won't pay it..that the poor old chaps, who are ‘on the bone,’ may have a good old rest. 1922 J. Galsworthy i. i. 13 Ronny Dancy's on his bones again, I'm afraid. 1925 25 Dec. When Murray's colony went ‘bung’, and the colonists were ‘on the bone’. 1959 D. Hewett 104 You only took State kids when you were on the bones of your arse..to [help] feed your kids and kept them out of a Home. 2012 Mar. 69/3 They've got 33 professional players. We're on the bones of our arse with 20 part-timers. 2017 (Nexis) 21 Oct. 17 The department..would not give him any financial support, despite him being able to demonstrate that he was on his bones. 1935 2 May 14/7 Make the [dog's] evening meal one of good raw beef on the bone. 1956 1 May 8 (heading) Salmon off the bone. 1978 D. Smith I. 126 Do buy, and cook, your joint on the bone. You won't be paying any extra, since meat bought on the bone costs less per pound. 2003 Apr. 74/1 Lamb cooked on the bone for extra flavour but served off the bone for convenience. 1878 18 Oct. 6/1 Cover a knuckle of veal with water..and let the meat boil until it is ready to fall off the bone. 1951 26 Mar. 5/6 To prepare them [sc. short ribs]..so that the rich tasting meat is nearly falling off the bone, cook them slowly for several hours. 2014 13 June 29/4 The man-sized 16oz shoulder of lamb is cooked for 10 hours, ensuring it falls off the bone and melts in the mouth. 1911 10 Feb. 8/5 Claude Hunter tried to have some fun and pulled a bone by trying to put out the lights by pulling the wrong chain. 1911 19 May Then Hyatt tried to get away with a bluff and ‘pulled a bone’ that gave the Indians an extra run. 1931 M. Hellinger ii. 32 Listen, kid..something tells me that you're gonna pull an awful bone. 1938 9 June 9/2 The backstop pulled a bone on calling for a pop fly and allowed a run to score. 1976 in D. Wepman et al. 163 You must do time Whenever you pull a bone. 2012 R. S. Telford 141 Yesterday we spruced up some more on our drill and marching..and shivered at the prospect of ‘pulling a bone’ and being held for further training as punishment. 1964 N. Lewis Honored Society iii. in 22 Feb. 80/2 Di Pisa..had tried to force his way into the building racket—the preserve of the highest level of the Mafia hierarchy—'prima di aversi fatte le ossa'; that is, 'before making his bones'. (Angelo La Barbera had made his bones at the age of twenty-five, in a bloody episode straight out of the Pentateuch, killing the famous capo-mafia who had been his protector). 1969 M. Puzo iv. 94 I ‘made my bones’ when I was nineteen, the last time the Family had a war. 1981 22 Mar. xxii. 9/2 ‘A lot of them will make their bones’ by attempting to intimidate her ‘physically and emotionally’. ‘They'll make their bones,’ he said. ‘They'll make a name for themselves.’ 1983 90 219 Where could a first-year graduate student in mathematics or physics begin to make his bones in this subject? 1990 N. De Mille iv. xxiii. 357 At the core of his organization are three hundred of what we call ‘made’ men. Men who have made their bones. 2009 (Nexis) 21 Nov. 24 Directors who make their bones in horror often have a tough time shaking off the ghosts of their younger, less respectful selves. the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > [adjective] > very the world > matter > liquid > dryness > [adjective] > very ?a1300 Maximian (Digby) l. 242 in C. Brown (1932) 99 (MED) Leuedies wiit so swon, Maidenes so briȝt so bon. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) v. l. 3806 (MED) Into his bath he [sc. Jason] wente anon And wyssh him clene as eny bon. a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer (Pierpont Morgan) (1881) ii. l. 926 An Egle feþered whit as bon. c1475 (Rawl. F.32) (1911) 22 (MED) Til the be made frome the erthe As bare as any bon. a1550 in R. Dyboski (1908) 85 Pray we þat byrde so bright as bon. 1566 T. Blundeville Order curing Horses Dis. cxxvi. f. 92, in Which swelling in continuance of time, becommeth so hard as a bone, and therfore is called of some ye bone Spauen. 1582 sig. A6v In like maner he is to vse al such as fil & enriche themselues with his treasure..whom with their subtill slightes and practises, catching at their goodes, they wring as drye as a bone. 1637 J. Shirley iv. sig. G3v When other men have beene Wet to the skin through all their cloakes, I have Defied a tempest and walk'd by the Tavernes Drie as a bone. 1757 A. G. II. iii. 53 There you may walk all day long, upon a fine smooth pavement, as dry as a bone, let the weather be what it will. 1834 F. Marryat I. i. 5 It's as dry as a bone. 1891 19 537 Pat's Sunday shirt is white as bone. 1946 19 Apr. 711/2 If you'd got stuck proper the owd crabs ud ha' had yer! They'll strip a man clean as a bone give 'em time! 1993 13 May (Washington Home section) 20/3 The Navy had left the house bare as a bone when Congress ordered the keys turned over to Rockefeller's predecessor, Gerald R. Ford. 2013 (Nexis) 28 Oct. (Sport section) 32 Bayswater..batted on a wicket that was as hard as a bone, reaching 238 on day one. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 607 I shrewe my self bothe blood and bones If thow bigile me any ofter than ones. ?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif (1880) 120 (MED) Ydel sweryng of herte & bonys of crist. ?1553 (1952) i. iii. 8 Bones knave wilt thowe have ytt ere yt can be spoken? 1578 G. Whetstone iii. ii. sig. K.iij Bones of me, a man were better speak to great Lords..Then to our proude, Jostlers of peace, that byn in the cuntry. 1598 sig. F3v Why harke you maister, bones what have you done? 1606 T. Heywood sig. B2v Bones a me, knaues, I haue pa'yd soundly for my Countrey newes. 1690 iii. vii. 57 By the Bones of my Father, I'le take the Lye from ne'er a French Bougre. 1832 F. A. Butler 8 Oct. (1835) I. 131 Bones of me! what a road! Compounds C1. General attributive. the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > substance of bones > [noun] OE (2008) 1567 Yrringa sloh, þæt hire wið halse heard grapode, banhringas bræc. a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in (2002) i. 146 Of alle maner smale bryddis, þe whyngis on þe trencher leyinge, with þe poynt of youre knyfe þe flesche to þe boon end ye brynge. ?1741 E. Moxon 20 Cut off the bone Ends, and score it with a Knife. 1813 H. Davy vi. 252 Bone shavings, the refuse of the turning manufacture. 1850 2 Mar. 266/2 The dead bone has thus found itself deeply situated in the interior of the tibia, not by the absorption of the bone tissue around it, but by the deposition of successive layers above it. 1860 G. E. Day xvi. 394 The bone-cartilage..is obtained in the manner we have already described by means of dilute hydrochloric (or nitric) acid. 1927 3 281/1 Bone tissue, because of its peculiarities in vascular structure, seems particularly prone to the blocking of these thrombo-emboli. 1961 W. R. Russell & M. L. E. Espir i. 2 Infection is carried into the brain along with the bone fragments. 1986 R. Bakker (1988) ii. 31 The bone surface pitted and rough where tendons and ligaments were anchored to the femur. 2008 N. Shubin (2009) v. 87 Of the cells inside each blob, known as arches, some will form bone tissue and others muscle and blood vessels. eOE (Royal) (1865) i. xxxviii. 92 Gif banbrice on heafde sie, mageþan & gotwoþan gecnuwa wel on hunige. OE (1966) 55 Caradrum, dolor ossuum, banwærc. 1656 A. L. Fox tr. F. Würtz ii. xxiv. 144 To cure Bone-fractures [Ger. Beinbrüch] is common, and known almost to all. 1662 tr. F. Plater et al. (new ed.) ii. xvii. 412/2 (note) A Wound with a Fracture or bone-hurt. 1833 27 Feb. 258/2 I believe it is what we call a bone cancer. 1864 34 274 He says the expectative method..leaves an unsymmetrical bone-tumour, which may remain for years. 1875 J. F. Payne (ed. 2) xlvi. 859 It is impossible, in the standard descriptions of bone cancer, to separate the carcinomatous from the sarcomatous forms. 1935 31 724 One is dealing here with a benign bone neoplasm. 1949 H. Bailey (ed. 11) v. 52 An exception may be made in the case of the bone necrosis, for probing is a valuable method of ascertaining whether a sequestrum is loose. 1981 R. N. Hardy ii. 15 [Other] patients may show signs of generalized decalcification and sometimes the formation of bone cysts. 2013 30 May 9/5 A number of health issues have been identified, including..bone demineralisation and diabetes. 1488 in T. Dickson (1877) I. 393 Item, a bane coffre, and in it a grete cors of gold. 1607 J. Cleland i. ix. 82 The Iews rubbe only their Palme trees without, with a woodden or bone knife, when they would haue aboundance of balme. 1620 Accompt Sept. in S. M. Kingsbury (1933) III. 386 5. paire of double boxcombes, & .6. bone combs. 1676 in C. Innes (1859) 327 A sillwer seill with a bon heid. 1743 W. Stukeley ix. 42 An iron knife with a bone handle. 1776 Bothwell in D. Herd (ed. 2) I. i. 161 Then she's gi'ed him a little bane-knife, And frae his sark he cut a share. 1829 R. C. Hoare 21 Of these bone tools sharpened at one end, I have several in my Museum. 1879 J. Lubbock v. 150 These cavemen were very ingenious, and excellent workers in flint..their bone pins, etc. are beautifully polished. 1922 Guide Museum First Floor in F. W. Hodge (Mus. Amer. Indian, Heye Foundation) 238 Foreshafts of wood with points of stone, and others with blunt bone tips. 1970 100 71 A bronze ringed pin and a bone comb. 2011 Nov. 23/1 Warm, tailored hide garments stitched together with sinew and bone needles. society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > other manufactured or derived materials > [noun] > from animals 1812 July 358 A dry, light, or gentle soil, is best adapted for the use of bone manure. 1841 11 Sept. 275/3 A solution of bone gelatine in water. 1858 13 Mar. The attention of Farmers is particularly called to the bone fertiliser, which is a first-class Manure. 1907 R. L. Fernbach i. 9 Where the stock has been carefully selected and manipulated, bone gelatine is produced. 1951 16 255/1 The amount of osseous debris or bone fertilizer in the soil. 2016 (Nexis) 22 Apr. Animal manure, leafy manure and bone manure are the main organic fertiliser types that are in use. C2. Objective. the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > action of boiling > [noun] > boiling of bones 1830 24 July He therefore hoped that his clients would be able to carry on their trade of bone-grinding without interruption. 1841 T. De Quincey Homer & Homeridae in Nov. 706/1 There were many establishments for bone-boiling..in the most crowded districts of London. c1865 H. Letheby in J. Wylde I. 96/2 Refuse grease from glue-making and bone-boiling. 1898 T. Wilson Prehistoric Art in 354 The flint chipping and bone polishing..at last ended in the art objects presented in the first chapters. 1966 P. Fairclough in C. Dickens (1985) App. 485 Despite the strong aversion expressed in the Report against repulsive types of labour, the bone-grinding and oakum-picking remained features of the operation of the Act. 1984 11 397/1 To investigate the impact bone-working may have had on other faunal assemblages at the same site. 2014 (Nexis) 26 Jan. The restrictions banned everything from red doors—signifying a house of ill repute—to bone boiling. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders of bones > [adjective] > decayed or decaying a1639 W. Whately (1640) xxxii. 127 The bone-rotting vice of envy. 1657 A. B. tr. J. Buxtorf xxv. 248 For soft feather and down-bed they embrace some bone pinching mattress. 1838 14 July 334/2 He has renounced..the use of the bone-rotting, flesh-consuming minerals, falsely called remedies, which generate cramps and convulsions. 1872 9 Jan. 5/5 Even these showers have brought with them none of that bleak, bone-piercing chill which winter rains usually involve. 1900 12 Sept. 4/3 We..had a lift in a rambling, bone-jarring, ‘one hoss shay’ kind of machine. 1923 26 May 887/2 It does not follow that because the blood has a normal calcium content the whole of it..is available for bone-building purposes. 1947 43 75 Marble bone disease is due to..an unknown agent which damages the bone-forming blastema at the beginning of the second period of development of each individual bone. 1961 (U.S. Public Health Service) 76 974/1 Osteoporosis, a bone-thinning disease marked by excessive calcium loss. 2014 (Nexis) 16 June Their tools..[are] syringes, bone-piercing needles, catheters. 1612 E. Coffin in R. Parsons Pref. sig. m4v A Curr that snarles, a currish bloudhound, an opprobrious curr, base bone-gnawer. 1762 E. Collins 58 These I presume were the original Bone-Eaters; the very first Ostrophagi. 1884 6 Dec. 727/1 The..bone-gnawer of ‘Kent's Cavern’. 1984 11 397/1 An unusual assemblage of industrial bone waste that allows one to study the selection criteria employed by a bone-worker. 2015 (Nexis) 16 May 30 A Scottish schoolboy and avid bone collector has been shortlisted alongside the world-renowned scientist Professor Robert Winston for a leading UK book award. 1728 33 Bone handled Knives. 1849 4 16 Its means of defence may consist partly in the bone-studded skin. 1916 28 Dec. They will apologise to the fierce white bear..before advancing to a close attack with bone tipped arrows and spears. 1943 20 Nov. 586/1 The bark is peeled off with bone-bladed knives. 2010 R. Pilcher v. 20 In the long middle drawer in the sideboard, Claire found plates and the bone-handled knives and forks. the world > matter > colour > named colours > grey or greyness > [adjective] > light grey the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > [adjective] > very 1884 ‘M. Field’ iii. vi. 108 Ah! I must give a better rendering From Death's old bone-grey parchment. 1924 A. J. Small i. 23 The bone-hard stamp of starvation. 1959 19 Mar. 516/3 The bone-hard ground. 1980 (Nexis) 19 Oct. 34 A dying locust [tree] shook off its bark, turned pewter-gray, bone-smooth, granite-hard. 2003 Jan. 51/1 (advt.) Vig-Rx gives you a bone stiff erection. 2012 J. D. Moore ii. 21 We dug through another thick stratum of oyster, removing over 500 kilograms of bone-grey shells. the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > sloth or laziness > [adjective] the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > sloth or laziness > [noun] the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > [adjective] > affected with or having sensation of cold a1825 R. Forby (1830) Bone-lazy, bone-sore, bone-tired, adj. so lazy, sore, or tired, that the laziness, the soreness, or the fatigue, seem to have penetrated the very bones. 1840 E. Elliott 133/2 Bone-weary, many-childed, trouble-tried! Wife of my bosom, wedded to my soul! 1875 24 July 19/3 If the young man wants a tie I'd rather buy him one myself than discourage such bone laziness. 1881 31 Dec. 849/4 Even those who escape personal injuries of the grave kind suffer from sunburnt skin, headaches, bone-weariness, and mosquito bites. 1920 R. Graves 51 Honest men..with glaring eyes, Bone-chilled. 1939 G. Greene i. ii. 78 That doesn't mean a thing to me... I'm bone-ignorant. 1950 21 Apr. 2/4 It [sc. a doctor's service] is cold rain and pounding storm and bone weariness and the new-born babe gasping its first breath. 2000 T. Steinberg iii. xiii. 194 Caught in a so called heat or eat dilemma, bone-chilled residents of northern climes were brought to the brink of one kind of calamity in order to pay for another more visible one. a2012 C. Brooke-Rose (2014) xxiii. 166 He smiled at her and said in a loud stage whisper, ‘I'll tell you a professional secret: all authors are bone lazy. They seize on any excuse not to write.’ C6. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > venereal disease > [noun] OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius (Vitell.) (1984) cxxxv. 176 Wyð nyrwyt & wið banece [L. sciaticis] & wið þæt man earfoðlice gemigan mæge, þysse wyrte sæd wel fremað. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. v. lvii. 274 Þe boneache is irotid. a1529 J. Skelton (?1530) sig. Fiiv To cry out of the bone ake. 1602 S. Rowlands sig. C4v So crazed with the Italian bone-ache, that they are afraid to bee crusht..if they should earne their liuing in a crowde. 1609 W. Shakespeare ii. iii. 18 The vengeance on the whole campe, or rather the Neopolitan bone-ache . View more context for this quotation 1855 M. L. Knapp 95 I would try to bleach the yellow Scorbutic hue out of some few..with lemon juice, and drive away the rheumatic bone-aches with it. 1900 15 Nov. 6/5 He was attacked with headache, bone-ache, lassitude, [etc.]. 2009 T. J. Hahn in N. Lavin (ed. 4) v. xxvi. 378 The symptoms most likely to be relieved by treatment include bone aches or pain at pagetic sites. 1864 2 313 This would constitute the wood and bone age, of which, from the perishable nature of the materials, we can, of course, possess but slender records.] 1867 Nov. 785/1 The wondrous romance of Man, which is being recovered chapter by chapter—Stone Age, Bone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age. 1920 T. W. Todd in 3 317 No. 26 of age forty.., is from a skeleton the bone age of which, like the pubis in particular, indicates an age of about thirty-five years. 1938 Feb. 27 The objects shown..cover a period of some eight thousand years, from the bone age to our present century. 2012 24 July d2/5 If a 10-year-old is unusually short and has a bone age of only 8, we can reassure him that he's got several more years of growing yet to do. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > venereal disease > [noun] 1659 C. Clobery 35 They a bone-ague get to plague their crimes. 1893 2 110 The diagnosis was ‘bone ague’, and large doses of quinine, tincture of iron, and digitalis were used. 1943 C. M. Sublette & H. H. Kroll 401 He had too strong a constitution for even what Ditus had called ‘the yaller chill and bone ague’ to weaken him for long. the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > products of burning > [noun] > ashes or cinders > specific ashes 1594 H. Plat 36 Get a large panne, such as they make their testes of bone ashes in. 1622 G. de Malynes 284 The Assay-master tooke foure copples or teasts, which are made of Bone-ashes. 1707 J. Stanley et al. Let. 12 Apr. in I. Newton (1967) IV. 485 For the Assay Office..Fine bone ashes one bushel. 1809 W. Nicholson I. at Assaying The above operation is called cupellation, and is performed on a flat round cake of bone ash. 1922 T. M. Lowry xxxiii. 639 Tricalcium diphosphate... The bone ash, prepared by igniting the bones of animals, consists mainly of this substance. 2000 Jan. 42/2 I then began by testing every flux and opacifier on my shelves, barium carbonate, bone ash, calcium borate frit, [etc.]. 1945 Mar. 257/1 Bone banks are less common but have proven successful. 1962 T. W. Torrey xii. 224 One case is found in birds where calcium for the egg shell is drawn from the bone bank. 2012 (Nexis) 17 Oct. 18 The not-for-profit Bone Bank accepts donations of bone and tissue from hip surgery patients which would otherwise be destroyed. 2015 J. Turley & J. Thompson vi. 260 It is advantageous to build your calcium bone bank, or maximize your bone mineral density early in life. society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > club or stick > [noun] > pole or staff 1600 S. Rowlands iv. 64 And lets him see Bone-baster; thats his staffe. 1824 W. Buckland & W. D. Conybeare in 1 301 These siliceous strata, from the abundance of their organic remains,..are known by the name of the ‘Bone-beds’. 1880 A. Günther 194 In the upper Silurian Rocks, in a bone-bed of the Downton sandstone. 1969 G. M. Bennison & A. E. Wright xii. 281 A conglomeratic sandy limestone, the Bone Bed—usually several thin fossiliferous beds totalling about 8 feet—occurs about 20 feet above the base of the Rhaetic at Blue Anchor, Somerset. 2000 21 25/2 This trench complex also contained a significant bone bed, consisting of bison and pronghorn antelope remains and bone fragments. the world > matter > colour > named colours > black or blackness > blackening agent > [noun] > pigment 1665 R. Hooke 78 To which may be added their Black and White, which they also usually call Colours, of each of which they have several kinds, such as Bone Black, made of Ivory burnt in a close Vessel. 1704 J. Elsum (new ed.) xxxviii. 122 It [sc. Terravert]..is Shadowed with Brown-Pink, and a Third of Bone-Black. 1815 J. Taylor Bones converted either into ivory or bone black, animal charcoal, or into white bone ash. 1938 R. Hum xxvi. 711 The wax is then melted again and filtered through bone black and gives the familiar white solid which may be used for candles, etc. 2013 May 16/1 Doug uses carbon black and bone black for ‘their softness’, and he usually adds a little purple to the mix to soften them even more. the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitening > [adjective] > bleached 1840 22 Jan. The bone-bleached plains of Europe. 1896 R. Kipling 73 Bone-bleached my decks, wind-scoured to the graining. 2004 Dec. 97/2 In the foreground beneath the horizon's bone-bleached spires. society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > other manual or industrial workers > [noun] > who boil bones 1800 6 Aug. Mr. —— took 1 chaldron out of 20 Pool measure, that he was sending to a bone boiler at Hoxton. 1906 26 May 2/7 Bone boilers and tallow melters. 1991 A. Nikiforuk vii. 124 They took the foulest kind of jobs as bone boilers, horse skinners, street cleaners and glue makers. 1785 F. Grose Bone box, the mouth. Shut your bone box. 1858 A. Mayhew 190 Jack jerked his drumsticks against Ned's ‘bone box’, with a force that must have loosened every tooth. 1868 July 111/2 The bones are arranged as nearly as possible in their natural position in a new coffin or ‘bone box’. 1907 C. 26 450 They [sc. the stone boxes] are rarely over 6 feet long, and some so short as to be mere ‘bone-boxes’. 1944 G. Heyer xxiv. 292 Seemed to me if I was to go and tell the missus as how we miss her mortal bad—but I never had no chance to open me bone-box! 2001 8/2 (caption) The tomb and an ossuary, or bone box, of Caiaphas, the high priest who reportedly presided at Jesus's trial, were found here [in Jerusalem] in 1990. 2007 T. Chevalier (2008) 45 ‘Shut your bone box, Charlie,’ Maggie retorted. the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > [adjective] > breaking specific things 1644 W. P. 2 It is..a Bed-abandoning, a Bullet-blowing, a Brain-beating, a Back-bruising, a Bone-breaking, a Body-wounding..Tempest. 1799 G. S. Carey 215 Upon the rough pavement in the town, you are electrified with the bone-breaking motion. 1808 J. Bentham 50 The bone setting and bone breaking hundred-mile road. 1910 42 674 Heavy nuts that fall 100 feet or more with bone-breaking force. 2014 A. Shearer (2015) xvi. 118 He was getting visitors and squeezing their hands with bone-breaking handshakes, just to illustrate how strong he still was. the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > composite rock > [noun] > breccia > specific 1829 A. Ure iii. v. 584 On the Bone Breccias of the Mediterranean coast. 1946 76 106/1 The bone breccia yielded Rhinoceros Merckii, Bufalis antiquus, and Hippopotamus. 2011 C. Stringer (2012) ix. 252 Chunks of sediment and bone breccia were saved from the mine. 1737 J. Ozell in tr. F. Rabelais III. xvii. 105 Poor broth..: A Limosin Word..for this same Bone-broth; not very Savoury I reckon, for all it's Name. 1886 13 Feb. 6/3 Put the vegetables and mutton in a large saucepan.., and strain the bone broth over them. 2014 3 Nov. 83 Canora has opted instead for bone broth—that clear, ascetic liquid normally prescribed to convalescents. the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > colouring matter > [noun] > pigments 1831 31 579 Visions of scarlet and yellow, of brown-pink, and cobalt, and madder, of Venetian red, and bone-brown, seemed to dance before their eyes. 1895 Spring & Summer 252/3 Artists Tube Oil Colors..Blue Black—Bone Brown—Brown Pink. 1914 66 129 Tarsi of the same limbs more or less clouded with bone brown. 1988 12 50/2 The most heterogeneous pigment mixtures are to be found for the deepest greens used for the leaves of the tree. These contain..varying small amounts of charcoal black, bone brown, calcite, lead white and even a little vermilion. 1849 (F. White & Co.) 127/2 (list) Clark, William, ivory and bone carver. 1919 Oct. 604/1 [It's] like giving a keen-edged, tempered tool to a primitive bone-carver. 2009 P. Van de Grijp xiii. 235 He became involved as a bone carver in the Craft Council of New Zealand. 1851 I. p. xxxviii Bone carving. 1852 (Exhib. Wks. Industry of all Nations, 1851) 657/2 The ivory and bone carving..bears no comparison, in point of design and execution with the carving of the Meerschaum pipe-bowls reviewed in another article. 1922 22 Sept. 4/6 Some of the bone carvings are mounted on black medallions. 1996 50 372/2 Bone carving, which relied on a readily available raw material, produced large amounts of debris from parts of bones that were not utilized. 2015 (Nexis) 18 Aug. Pettigrew has been..making a living off intricate bone carvings inspired by what he witnesses in the wild. 1871 May 464/2 Children's dresses are better without bones at eight years of age; otherwise bone casings are run on before the pipings. 1889 10 May 5/5 (price list) Bone Casing (12 yds) 30c per pc. 1909 9 Oct. 5/4 One inch of the bone-casing is turned over at the top, forming a little pocket. 2002 F. Klickmann 112 When making a bone-cased bodice-lining, all the bone-casings should be eased when sewing on, and sewn very strongly down each seam. the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun] > cave > other 1813 D. T. Maddox Let. 17 Aug. in (1814) 26 Feb. 175/1 I was arrested by curiosity to visit the Big Bone Cave. 1831 2 244/2 (heading) Bone caves discovered in New Holland. 1878 A. C. Ramsay xxviii. 459 Bone-caves..always occur in limestone strata. 1959 89 201 The relationship of this new site to the ‘Bone Cave’ in which the remains of Broken Hill Man were found. 1998 164 101/1 Bone caves, i.e. those with Pleistocene palaeontological or archaeological remains are mostly missing (Victoria Cave near Settle is not mentioned). the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > substance of bones > [noun] > cell or corpuscle of 1846 T. R. Jones in III. 856/2 These are the bone-cells in the rudimentary condition, and form the outer layer of cells in the Haversian system. 1928 S. Moore & J. A. Key tr. R. Leriche & A. Policard iv. 78 In osteoclasis the bone cells disappear. 2007 16 Oct. (Washington Final ed.) d1/4 Osteocalcin, a hormone released by bone cells, seems to both direct the pancreas to produce more insulin and signal fat cells to increase their sensitivity to insulin. the world > the earth > minerals > mineral deposits > [noun] > mineral incrustation the world > plants > part of plant > plant substances > [noun] > deposit on plant 1864 J. Thomas 382/2 Osteocolla, bone-glue, or bone-cement. 1915 A. H. Hopkins 302/1 Bone Cement.—1.—Take of isinglass, 1 oz.; distilled water, 6 oz. [etc.]. 1968 26 Oct. 912/1 Treatment [of pathological fracture of the femur] consisted of curettage or resection of the lesion, packing of the resultant cavity with bone cement, [etc.]. 2009 9 Mar. 26/3 New techniques, such as vertebroplasty, where bone cement is injected to reinforce crumbling vertebrae caused by osteoporosis and cancer, are changing patients' lives. 1850 16 Sept. (advt.) About five tons Bone-Char Manure. 1870 7 Jan. 1/1 The saving of time..over the most expeditious of the ordinary gravimetric methods (which alone are applicable to substances like bone-char) will be found to be very great. 1989 Apr. 150/1 The sweet sugarcane extraction is centrifuged, filtered and passed over bone char, which removes color, ash, minerals and impurities. 2017 (Nexis) 4 Sept. Processed white sugar is decolorized using a filter that is often created using bone char from cows, sometimes referred to as ‘natural charcoal’. 1679 ‘Misomastropus’ 2 Her Lips..served no longer as a Screen to hide her rotten Teeth; for those Bone-Charcoles burnt almost to dust with the liquid Fire of hot Drinks, appeared through her Tissany Lips, as black as Night. 1813 Mar. 237/1 In order to take away the colour of vinegar, a litre of the red sort, cold, is mixed in a glass vessel with forty-five grammes of bone charcoal. 1938 (ed. 4) II. 29/2 ‘Dippel's oil’..is obtained by the destructive distillation of bones in the preparation of bone charcoal. 2015 June 32/2 I have been making my own bone charcoal, which..is basically bones that have been gently burned down until they blacken and harden, becoming effective heating elements in and of themselves. 1861 C. Dickens in 2 Feb. 402/2 This last cold bone-chilling month of December. 1932 1 Mar. 6/1 Soviet Russia, by mobilizing her troops and strengthening her defenses in Siberia, has given Japan a bone-chilling scare. 1956 7 Jan. 4/7 I left the Gare de Lyon in a steady, bone-chilling downpour. 1977 Apr. 52/1 The Sentinel is bone-chilling, effectively horrifying nonsense about a haunted house that serves as the gateway to Hell. 2005 June 162/1 Oppressive heat, bone-chilling cold and tornado-spawning thunderstorms are all distinct possibilities. 2010 10 June 72/1 (advt.) Alexandros Papadiamantis's astonishing and bone-chilling tale of crime and punishment. society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > pottery or ceramics > [noun] > porcelain > bone china 1879 Apr. 52/3 The ware thus described is similar to English bone china in appearance. 1892 24 Feb. 8/5 (advt.) Bone China Teas, pretty patterns, dainty designs. 1903 L. M. E. Solon 220 Josiah Spode..composed a new china body which..from the nature of its chief constituent..received the vulgar name of ‘Bone China’. 1975 24 Feb. 114/1 Tea from a bone china teapot. 2005 Jan. 7/1 Fine bone china of this type represents the very best of the historic ceramic tradition of Stoke-on-Trent. 1817 18 Jan. 1/2 Five valuable mines of coal, called by the names of the Arley Mine (six feet thick)—The Five Feet Mine (five feet thick)—The Bone Coal (two feet six inches thick) [etc.]. 1844 Mar. 178 The calcareous earth must be removed before the boiling down, which requires either acids,..or bone coal, which is expensive. 1940 F. F. Grout (ed. 6) viii. 181 Other recognizable varieties of coal are the thin layers of mineral charcoal or mother-of-coal, looking like wood charcoal.., and bone-coal, the lean sandy or shaly partings in some coal beds, which contain too much ash to be good fuel. 1999 14 434/1 (caption) The seam is comprised of a series of benches split by partings and bone coal that can be correlated between mines. 1856 W. White v. 103 Some showy tombs, their railings tipped with gilt hearts, and deaths' heads painted of a bone colour at the corners. 1868 C. Spence Bate & J. O. Westwood II. 166 It is of a pale bone colour, covered with minute black dots. 1906 H. P. Keith & E. A. Cummins x. 135 The bone-color background..brings out the design. 2014 Mar. 54/1 The velvety, bone-colour carpet was chosen for reasons beyond pure aesthetics. the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > [adjective] > pure white > as ivory or bone 1837 21 Oct. The representation of the ‘Death's-head’ is bone-coloured, surrounded by a black ground. 1951 S. Spender 229 A full moon..exposing walls of bone-coloured palaces. 2016 (Univ. New Mexico) (Nexis) 8 Sept. (Home section) 1 Pristine, bone-colored sand dunes. 1865 5 Aug. 90/1 Inflammations of the nervous tunic are very frequent, the characteristic symptoms are the continual humming unattended with pain, together with abolished bone conduction. 1944 15 May 3/1 (advt.) The Audiogram also shows the Consultant whether bone conduction or air conduction will be more helpful. 1971 (Sci. Service) 53 We do not..hear ourselves as others hear us, because many of our vocal sounds reach our own cochlea by bone conduction. 2006 Apr. 29/2 Bone conduction hearing aids are available free from the NHS. the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > substance of bones > [noun] > cell or corpuscle of 1842 tr. F. Gerber 30 (caption) More compact layers of bony substance, in which the bony cells with their nuclei,—the bone-corpuscles [Ger. Knochenkörperchen], lie in compressed rows. 1887 G. V. Black v. 42 The osteoblasts in flattening down very generally lie lengthwise upon the long bones, therefore the resulting bone corpuscle lies in the same manner. 1941 29 28 It is certain that they [sc. osteoclasts] do not result from the accumulation of liberated bone corpuscles. 1871 Apr. 216/2 Who knows what vermin or wild beast, or bone-crunching giant may be lying in wait behind the doors? 1902 23 Oct. 7/3 The contest developed into a rough-and-tumble riot... It was a bone-crunching, flesh-bruising, knock-down game. 1967 10 Aug. 1/1 The largest alligator alive in captivity with 83 bone crunching teeth. 1990 69 v. 147 A bone-crunching austerity program built around a massive increase in consumer prices. 2012 20 Oct. 10 a/4 Those who knew him remember his strong handshake and bone-crunching hugs. 1931 30 Sept. 8/2 The man with the bone-crusher handshake. 1936 6 July 8/3 There is the guy with a grip like a vice and a shake like a bull dog..a bone crusher. 1967 Mar. 49/2 Bad handshakes include the bone crusher—the grip that makes the other person, especially a woman wearing rings, wince. 2013 25 Apr. 20/1 Business gurus are all too eager..to classify the different typologies—the ‘dead fish’, the ‘controller’, the ‘bone crusher’ and so on. 2016 S. H. Wright 68 Because a hand shake is the first opportunity for physical contact, avoid a bone crusher or limp-rag response. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders of bones > [adjective] > bone-crushing a1698 W. Row Suppl. in R. Blair (1848) (modernized text) x. 168 Mr Blair..finds the burden of that congregation very ponderous and only not bone-crushing. 1859 2 July 2/2 That..bone-crushing appearance of destructive power so fearful to contemplate in bears and certain monsters of the deep. 1914 E. Heller in 61 11 The preservation of such skulls is due largely to their great size and density, which prevents such bone crushing carnivores as hyenas from breaking them up for food. 1960 27 123/1 A candidate for the doctorate submits his dissertation after the usual amount of bone-crushing labor. 2008 W. Schneider 118 He grabbed my hand in a bone crushing handshake. 1907 E. H. Nichols in W. W. Keen II. 21 The areas of increased bone density seldom show on exploratory incision any evidences which increase our ability to make a definite clinical diagnosis. 1983 (Nexis) 25 Mar. c3 Estrogen prevents other hormones from adversely affecting bone density. 2009 27 Jan. (Life section) 12/2 Walking..can also improve our bone density, because it is a weight-bearing activity. 1810 Oct. 625/1 A threshing machine, or a crucible, or a bone digester, are the only just images we can find for his Lordship. 1898 31 Aug. 7/2 A large cylinder, technically called a ‘bone digester’. 1968 T. M. Fraser 378 Table 19 shows the average daily cost analysis for operating the bone digester over a period of one week at Barpali. 2015 40 99/1 The possibility of turning waste into wealth, for instance, through..production of bone manure through bone digesters, soap making out of non-edible oils, etc., will further provide scope for the development of village industries. the world > animals > fish > subclass Elasmobranchii > order Pleurotremata > [noun] > family Scyliorhinidae > dogfish 1825 14 Nov. The Brighton fishermen..also complain of the ‘bone-dog’, as being injurious to the voyage. 1859 J. Richardson (ed. 3) II. 519 The Picked Dog-fish..along the south-eastern coast..is almost universally called the Bone-Dog. 2011 J. I. Castro 55/1 Common name Spiny dogfish, picked dogfish, spiked dogfish, bone dog, often just dogfish, or simply dog. 1917 16 Oct. 3/1 Did I ever tell you about my brother Albert Bone Dome, or, A. Bone Dome, as he signs it? 1943 3 Feb. 7/2 What's the big idea, Bone-dome? 1956 Jan. 112/1 The Warren safety helmet was a popular piece of protective headwear in pre-World War I days, though the shock-absorbing qualities of this contemporary ‘bone-dome’ was [sic] just as likely to be tested when its wearer inadvertently tripped over. 1974 27 Apr. 4/8 It's still mildly astonishing to see..[a child] togged up in a ‘bone dome’ helmet and zipping along on a gasoline powered mini-motorcycle. 2011 (Nexis) 11 Jan. 11 You've got a chance to thank Bob now, I guess?..You guess wrong, bone dome. 2015 R. Pike xvii. 149 When my feet touched terra firma I removed my bone dome. the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > fertilizing or manuring > [noun] > use of other natural fertilizers > other natural fertilizers 1771 A. Young I. v. 291 This manure..was spread on the same field, and the effect was exactly the same as of the bone dust. 1848 1 July 437/3 The clergyman had..put a handful of bone-dust under every tree and shrub. 1989 A. C. Davies (ed. 9) I. ii. 80 Bone dust, sand and burnt clay are used for packing in place of iron oxide, the temperature being about 850°C. 2012 93 210 In 1836–1838 Lawes used bone dust as a fertilizer for turnips, without effect. the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > products of burning > [noun] > ashes or cinders > specific ashes 1770 13 (heading) Bone-Earth. 1851 Feb. 246/2 They have a cheap substitute in superphosphate of lime, a soluble form of bone-earth. 1885 A. H. Church iii. 29 There can be no difficulty in identifying the earth produced by the calcination of certain animal and vegetable matters with bone-earth, that is, calcined bones which consist mainly of phosphate of lime. 1938 W. Seifriz iii. 30 As for the other three fertilizers.., phosphoric acid, potash, and nitrates, the first may be added as phosphate, prepared from phosphate-containing minerals or from bones, the ‘bone earth’ of which yields superphosphate. society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > greasy or fatty material > [noun] > derived from animals > other animal grease 1791 P. Fidler Jrnl. 12 Oct. in (1934) 21 511 The Women employed making Bone fatt in a Birch rind kettle. 1873 E. Spon 1st Ser. 373/2 For purifying bone fat, melt the fat and a small quantity of saltpetre together. 1927 T. P. Hilditch iii. iv. 237 Manufacturing fatty acids from low-grade material such as bone fat. 2012 Z. I. Gilmore in N. A. Kenmotsu & D. K. Boyd vi. 118 The dependability of bone fat makes it an extremely effective fall-back food during times of stress. 1850 18 Sept. Hon. A. H. Stephens..was dangerously ill at his home..of ‘bone fever’. 1851 R. Dunglison (ed. 8) 473/1 Of this variety [of inflammation] is the diffusive inflammation produced by morbid poisons; as during dissection, where solutions of continuity exist on the fingers of the operator. It is seen, too, in workers in bone, and hence has been called bone fever. 1859 16 835 Hence the records abound with non-specified fever (and what is no better) with country fever, jungle fever, swamp fever,..stranger's fever, bone fever, [etc.]. 1922 15 191 She began to suffer from pain in the knee-joints and waist, and this was accompanied by a low fever (bone fever). the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > fertilizing or manuring > [noun] > use of other natural fertilizers > other natural fertilizers 1758 E. Collins (ed. 2) 19 Can you think that Bone-Flour will drink up Water like this? 1896 H. M. Stringfellow iii. 24 He had excellent words for pure bone flour (not coarse meal). 1931 E. T. Halnan 24 When soya bean meal is fed, mineral supplements such as steamed bone flour, calcium carbonate, and common salt should be added. 2013 (Nexis) 17 May 12 The addition of bone flour to the soil at planting time provides the plant with a slow-release form of phosphate. 1781 J. Hutton (ed. 2) Gloss. 87/1 Boneflower, a dazie. 1838 W. Holloway 15/2 Bone-flower, a daisy. North. 1997 R. J. Favretti & J. P. Favretti (ed. 2) 106 Bellis perennis. English Daisy, Herb Margaret, Ewe- or May-gowan, Childing Daisy, Bone- or Bruisewort, Bone Flower, March Daisy, Bairnwort. 1807 12 Nov. Ivory and Bone Folders and Seals. 1879 18 Jan. 16/6 Taking up the bone folder, he passed it lightly over the paper. 1901 2 73 Each student will be required to furnish himself with a bone folder, a pair of compasses, a straight-edge or tri-square. 1975 M. Banister 41/2 Finally, take a bone folder and rub the back down all over, with special attention to the edges. 2004 Apr. 17/1 Score and fold a sheet of the smooth ivory card using a bone folder. the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > surgical instruments > [noun] > scissors 1752 W. Smellie I. Introd. p. xxxiii The skull must be squeezed together, the bones pulled out with the fingers or bone-forceps, and the crochet fixed for delivery. 1879 9 259 One of these presented a bony growth..the end of which was cut off with bone-forceps. 1960 23 July 188/2 Bone forceps designed to grip the shafts of long bones either do not grip the [vertebral spinous] process or they damage it. 2010 S. Sittitavornwong & R. Gutta in P. D. Waite 320/2 The coronoid process is stabilized with bone forceps during cutting with a reciprocating saw or drill. 1883 25 Nov. 10/5 On Thursday..he passed..the vertebra of something resembling the bone framework of a lizzard [sic] or fish about three inches in length. 1902 11 Aug. 7/2 The horses were different, for their bone-framework was no longer visible. 1959 47 320 The better grazings of the lowlands supplying them [sc. ewe lambs] with the mineral wherewithal to build a sturdy bone framework for the rest of their lives. the world > the earth > minerals > mineral deposits > [noun] > mineral incrustation 1741 tr. H. Boerhaave mcccl. 185 Take of Crabs-eyes, Bone-glue [L. Osteocoll.], Chalk, the Jaw-bone of a Pike, and Oyster-shells prepared, each 3 ij. 1799 P. A. Nemnich (Dutch Dict. section) Beenlym, bone glue. 1825 15 Jan. Hats prepared with this bone glue are less liable to cockle and blister from the effects of rain. 1959 34 53/1 Cooking in pressure tanks to extract the bone glue. 2006 M. Kite & R. Thomson xviii.193/1 Bone glues are considered inferior to skin and parchment glues. 1825 J. Jamieson Suppl. Bone-grease, the oily substance produced from bones, which are bruised and stewed on a slow fire. 1842 15 July 7/4 Else Maria, Holm, from Randers, 188 qrs oats, 130 pieces salted hides, 16 firkins bone grease, 140 cwt old rope. 1914 Dec. 175/2 Yellow laundry soaps are made from tallow, bone grease, house grease and cotton-seed oil. 2011 76 33/1 Although bone grease was used in a variety of ways, it is especially important because it is an essential ingredient in pemmican. the mind > possession > poverty > [noun] > poor person > very poor person 1817 18 Sept. She does not outrage humanity so far as to term them [sc. the royal family of France] ‘bone-grubbers’. 1842 11 576 More than half our modern scribes..are little better than literary bone-grubbers, pickers and stealers of unconsidered trifles. 1911 F. W. Hackwood xx. 249 Mary Wilkinson, a beggar and bone-grubber, in whose ragged clothing no less than £300 was found to be concealed. 2003 D. Cadbury (2004) iv. 159 The city's poorest, less fortunate than the paid nightsoil men, struggled to get by as street sweepers, bone-grubbers or ‘finders’ of one kind or another. the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > refuse or rubbish > [noun] > bones 1835 Jan. Suppl. 43/2 As soon as a head began to crumble with age, the priest supplied its place with a fresh one, from the bone-heaps. 1840 C. Hooton Colin Clink in Jan. 285 The bone-heap was hard by, and he possessed himself of the thigh-bone of a horse..from amongst a collection of similar relics. 1940 ‘G. Orwell’ 142 The ancient boneheap of Europe, where every grain of soil has passed through innumerable human bodies. 1986 23 60/2 Layer 3 can be characterized as a bone heap without internal stratification and containing an overwhelming number of bone fragments. 1994 57 242/2 The interior [of the tomb] contained an impacted bone heap, with some traces of articulation, of some 20 individuals. the world > life > the body > [noun] the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > burial-chamber > [noun] > repository or ossuary OE (2008) 2507 Ne wæs ecg bona, ac him hildegrap heortan wylmas, banhus gebræc. 1652 Let. 24 Nov. in S. Chidley (1656) Postscript (verso fourth leaf) Under the Quire is a place called The Bone-house, where at this day are heaps of dead mens sculls, and dead bones, piled up like piles of faggots. 1801 (Otridge ed.) ii. Chron. 3/2 The bone-house in the church-yard. 1870 R. W. Emerson 130 This wonderful bone-house which is called man. 1875 (ed. 12) 74 The celebrated ‘Bone-house’ no longer exists. 1989 N. Alitzer 30 These skin-high nerves and muscles that you've touched and startled, felt shake, quarrel, shift, fault in this abandoned bone house called the body. 1999 42 248 As early as 1818 a bone house was built at St Pancras to house such remains. the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > sloth or laziness > [adjective] 1836 T. Carlyle (1904) I. 8 For the last three weeks I have been going what you call bone-idle. 1891 R. Kipling vi. 98 Bone-idle, is he? Careless, and touched in the temper? 1923 18 June 8 They are bone-idle and pleasure-seeking. 2016 (Nexis) 23 Aug. 32 She's simply bone idle and completely self-obsessed. 1876 C. C. Robinson 81/1 They are marrows in bone-idleness. 1959 15 Apr. 511/1 Unemployment..until then had been regarded as a cross between an act of God and sheer bone idleness. 2001 21 Jan. (Business section) 32/2 A few companies have introduced what they call Duvet Days—extra, paid days off, to be taken in the event of a terrible hangover or a bad case of bone idleness. 1897 9 Apr. 5/4 One of the greatest improvements in bicycles..is the overcoming of bone-jarring vibration by the substitution of partly wooden for metal frames. 1941 19 Oct. ix. 5/1 (caption) Paulette Goddard takes a bone-jarring fall. 2002 22 Aug. (Business section) (back cover) The impacts are shuddering, the collisions bone-jarring in their intensity. society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > producer > makers of other manufactured materials > [noun] > of other materials 1834 10 Dec. ‘The old bone-man's horse had been owned’; (meaning a horse sold by the party to be slaughtered). 1899 21 July 5/2 Defendant gave instructions for the bone man to take away the bad meat. 1925 26 Feb. Will you kindly give this letter to a bone man. What can you pay for dry bones in carload lots. the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > substance of bones > [noun] > bone-marrow 1590 W. Clever 80 The bone marrowe is perfected and made pure. 1656 A. L. Fox tr. F. Würtz ii. xv. 121 Some use to take Hares grease, and Bone-marrow, and apply it to the Wound. 1850 Mar. 237 I have been informed, that in some parts of America the cure consists in living on the bone marrow of the buffalo. 1927 J. B. S. Haldane & J. S. Huxley ix. 189 An extra production of red blood-corpuscles by the bone-marrow. 2015 21 May 64/2 The main course is often an old classic of braised shin and oxtail cobbler with bone marrow popping through the cobbled pastry. 1954 S. Moeschlin in 193 Dr. Lorenz could transfer leukæmia by bone marrow transplants to the other animals before leukæmia was manifest. 1983 (Nexis) 22 Oct. i. 46/4 A 12-year-old boy who has spent his life in a sterile plastic bubble received a bone marrow transplant today..in a procedure doctors hope will free him to live in the outside world. 1999 Jan. 53/1 A blood test revealed that she was suffering from myelodysplasia—a potentially fatal disease of the bone marrow—and is urgently in need of bone marrow transplant. 2015 11 July (South/West ed.) 84/3 Nine-year-old Keano needs a bone marrow transplant to treat a condition called congenital neutropenia. 1895 16 Feb. 126/2 After some manipulation, succeeded in turning and removing the rounded necrotic bone mass from the posterior sinus. 1912 H. T. Brooks 937 In this condition [sc. myositis ossificans] spongiosa-like, partly spiculate bone masses are formed in the intermuscular connective tissue. 1954 25 207 Calcium excretion in excess of 150 mg. daily may indicate loss of bone mass. 1968 4 May 958/2 There is a gradual and steady decline in bone mass beginning in the fourth decade and continuing throughout life. 2006 J. C. Buckley i. 16 [This]..supports the importance of muscle power in maintaining bone mass. 2013 3 56/2 Tumours usually consist of mixed lytic and sclerotic tissure, which makes large irregular bone masses. the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > substance of bones > [noun] 1869 33 Inflammation in bone..dilates the lacunal and Haversian spaces, and this through the luxuriant growth of cells and a cotemporaneous softening of the bone matrix,—the inter cellular bone substance. 1873 29 Jan. 53/1 Osteoblastic areæ stand in a very intimate relation to the new formation of bone-cells as well as of bone-matrix. 1956 28B 378 The essential abnormality arises from a defect in the formation of the fibres of the bone matrix. 2007 T. D. Pollard et al. 590/2 Osteoblasts lay down struts of bone matrix in the loose connective tissue. 1812 July 358 The primary object of keeping a bone-mill is the bruising of bones, which pays better than selecting and selling such as are suitable for buttons, &c. 1822 Jan. 175/1 One of the patent rotatory engines is attached to a machine somewhat similar to a bone mill. 1935 4 Feb. 4/7 Crossing the main Wantage road by Challow bone mill. 1997 25 1297/1 Rats are inexpensive..and their bones are small and amenable to pulverization in an inexpensive bone mill for quantitative bacterial counts. 2016 (Nexis) 10 May Pupils from Narborough Primary School have buried a time capsule at the site of the village's old bone mill. 1920 15 422/1 With rachitis we are told the alterations in the bone are due to a lack of, or an inability to assimilate, some of the necessary bone minerals. 1970 Aug. 72/3 All individuals, whether normal or osteoporotic, therefore lose a small amount of bone mineral at night which is made up during the day. 2010 W. Trevathan ix. 165 Bone mineral density..declines at the time of the menopause. 1930 13 360 (title) The biometry of calcium and inorganic phosphorus in the blood plasma of dairy cattle: application of results to bone mineralization. 1989 P. Horner v. 92 Added phosphate may decrease urinary calcium excretion as a consequence of increased bone formation and bone mineralization. 2013 (Nexis) 2 Jan. 4 Most bone mineralization occurs between the ages of 12 and 25, beyond which it is difficult to catch up in later life. 1866 H. Watts IV. 2 Bone Naphtha, Bone oil, Dippel's animal oil.., consists chiefly of a mixture of hydrocarbons which have not yet been investigated with certain volatile bases. 1884 XVII. 175/1 Bone naphtha, or bone oil, known also as Dippel's animal oil, is a most offensively smelling product of the distillation of bones in the preparation of animal charcoal. 1935 7 Jan. 41/3 Greases..; bone naphtha. ?1783 R. Mynors 22 If any rough points should appear at the edge of the bone, they must be pinched off, with the bone nippers, or cut away smooth with a strong knife. 1852 B. B. Cooper xv. 169 The operation, however, of removing these tumours, either by saw or bone-nippers, requires some anatomical knowledge. 2013 36 87/1 After exposure of the spine, fine-tipped offset bone nippers..were used to make a small cut in the lower lumbar spine. 1788 5 July The Edward, Capt. Backhouse, of York, is arrived from the Southern Fishery safe in Torbay, with 110 tons of bone oil, nine tons of spermaceti, and 42 cwt. of bone. 1884 XVII. 175/1 Bone naphtha, or bone oil, known also as Dippel's animal oil, is a most offensively smelling product of the distillation of bones in the preparation of animal charcoal. 1936 J. M. Jones in P. Van Ewing iii. 54 Wounds coated with bone oil healed rapidly. 2004 S. A. Lawrence iv. 133 Pyrrole was first isolated by Runge in 1834 from a distillation of coal tar, bone oil and a few other undefined protein derived fractions. 1861 F. B. Goodrich i. 16 Call the Communion ‘a free lunch’, and Greenwood ‘a bone orchard’. 1932 31 Dec. 9/5 All too quickly those dear old faces disappear..and their bodies are laid to rest in the ‘Bone Orchard’. 2016 (Nexis) 22 Apr. (Features section) 40 It turns out the wicked Bishop Boys..tried to send him to the bone orchard and are now in pursuit to finish the job. the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > salts > [noun] > salts named by atomic number > phosphates or phosphites > specific named 1834 4 235 It [sc. lactic acid] rapidly dissolves bone phosphate of lime. 1866 H. E. Roscoe xx. 177 Calcium phosphate, or bone-phosphate. 1927 R. A. Clemen xii. 329 Special steamed bone meal..supplies the bone phosphate of lime that is deficient in most grain feeds. 1946 S. A. Wilde xvii. 178 Bone phosphate is a favorite source of phosphorus in greenhouse and commercial nurseries. 2009 V. Gowariker et al. 99/2 In commercial trading, the phosphorus content of phosphate rock is calculated as the weight percentage of tri-calcium phosphate and is expressed as bone phosphate of lime or the total phosphate of lime. the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > burial ground or cemetery > [noun] > native American 1849 26 Nov. 3/4 Dr. Milroy put a variety of questions to the sexton, and amongst others whether they had not such a bone pit in which they deposited the bones collected from the graves which were opened. 1872 M. S. De Vere i. 25 In the State of New York and in Canada there are..many places..where the Indians buried their dead, and these are known as bonepits. 1934 Dec. 290/2 Curiously enough, segregated into restricted sections or bone pits, there have been unearthed..mammoths..extinct bears..and..the skull of an African type of lion. 2003 33 39/2 While cleaning a small trench east of Bone Pit 1, another deposition of human bones was found at a distance of about one metre. 1910 Nov. p. xvi (advt.) Bone Plates, various sizes and shapes. Patterns of Dr. W. Arbuthnot Lane. 1911 93 150/1 Dr. J. Herman Branth said that the use of the Lane bone plate was one of the greatest advances as yet made in bone surgery. 1914 W. A. Lane (ed. 2) 184 The metal bone plate is in the vast majority of cases the best and most efficient means of establishing union. 1966 194 Until recently, the use of bone plates and screws in jaw surgery had few advocates. 1980 11 204/1 The details of the machining operations used in manufacture have a very significant influence on the fatigue life of bone plates. 2007 Aug. 161/3 The goal of the surgery..was to stabilize the lower right limb with a graft and a bone plate through a procedure known as internal fixation. 1895 27 May 6/2 This case has all the appearance of an instance of death caused through the bone-pointing custom so common amongst Australian aborigines in the north. 1906 6 79 If the man's relations find out who has done the bone-pointing they will go and ‘sing’ him in revenge. 1962 22 Mar. 266/1 An aborigine stockboy..is found to have been the victim of ‘bone-pointing’. 2001 (Nexis) 21 May (Guide) 18 Cue..a great deal of bone-pointing at middle-class polity, artifice and hypocrisy. society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > [noun] > one who scourges or whips society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > instrument or place of corporal punishment > [noun] > whip or scourge > cat-o'-nine-tails 1803 J. Davis x. 431 I your superior officer. Put a handle to my name when you speak to me, you bone-polisher. 1859 June 198 I and my boatswain don't hit it off very well, for I can't see that a bit of lace can turn a bone-polisher into my superior officer. 1877 6 185/1 As a bone-polisher we have rarely met the equal of the elder boy. 1882 July 198/1 I was promoted to his rather unenviable position of ‘bone polisher’, by which term the officer who dines upon what the captain and mate may have left used to be designated. 1919 W. S. Hart vii. 69 We had a feller here who was some strong as a table-finisher an' bone-polisher, an' we issed a challenge to eat him agin any man in the West. society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > pottery or ceramics > [noun] > porcelain > bone china 1845 P. Barlow Manuf. in VIII. 461/1 Bone porcelain. 1928 18 Aug. 314/1 This bone porcelain is one of the triumphs of English ceramic art. 2016 i (Nexis) 2 Apr. 34 The collection of Premium Bone Porcelain is decorated with four different blossoms using traditional lithographic techniques. 1865 21 160 The ‘bone-pots’ vary from nine inches and a half to eleven inches and a half in height, and average about seven inches in breadth. 1889 Bone-pot, a cast-iron pot in which bones are carbonized: used in the manufacture of animal charcoal. 1971 No. 1. 102/2 Baker seems to have failed to spot the significance of the ‘gap’ which exists between the upper limit of bone-pot worship and the lower limit of tomb worship. 1991 J. L. Watson in K. Lieberthal et al. iv. xv. 372 On numerous occasions I have witnessed northern cadres recoil in absolute horror when the purpose of Cantonese bone pots is explained to them. the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > fertilizing or manuring > [noun] > use of other natural fertilizers > other natural fertilizers 1758 i. 17 Above one hundred bushels of impalpable bone powder, ready prepared for baking. 1888 7 133/1 The bone-powders of commerce are not always products of manufacture solely derived from the grinding of bones. 1980 62 2/1 The wholesomeness of MDM [= mechanically deboned meat] was questioned because it contains small amounts of pulverized bone powder. 2008 (Nexis) 8 Mar. 33 By drilling a hole about half a centimetre thick into the interior of the skull she hopes to obtain about a gram of bone powder—enough to conduct tests. 1857 9 Aug. 7/1 Some bone-rattling exchanges followed..—and, in fact, this was a good fighting round. 1935 1 Nov. 14/2 Big Sheldon Belse, 190 pound fullback..gets..satisfaction out of a well-timed bone rattling block. 1966 July 63 (heading) Bouncing over impossible terrain on bone-rattling wheeled carts, dog mushers have made sledging an all-season sport. 2008 43 58 The bone-rattling volume of the funk music..is so loud as to be physical. the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > substance of bones > [noun] > salt 1843 11 148 In a fourth large and old male [Thylacinus] a few particles of the bone-salts were deposited in the centre of the fibro-cartilage. 1932 R. Robison ii. 41 In this matrix the granules of the bone salt are deposited until the intercellular spaces have been densely calcified. 2006 A. S. Khokhar & D. L. Seidner in A. L. Buchman xiii. 153/2 Bone is composed of an organic matrix, bone salts, and cells. the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > surgical instruments > [noun] > other saws 1833 D. H. Whitney 444 If the proper amputating instruments are not to be had; Take..a carpenter's tenon saw, for the bone saw. 1908 T. Hardy vii. v. 308 A surgeon's horse..laden with bone-saws,..and other surgical instruments. 2014 A. A. Danforth 45/1 The quality of cuts that can be made with a bone saw far exceeds those made by other saws. the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > bone-seed plant or fruit 1811 D. Hosack (ed. 2) 40/2 (table) Osteospermum... Bone Seed. 1941 18 Oct. 10/1 The National Herbarium has identified plant as Osteospermum moniliferum, otherwise Bone-seed, native of South Africa. 1973 W. T. Parsons 100 ‘Boneseed’ refers to the colour and hardness of the seed... Boneseed was first introduced to Victoria in 1858. 2015 (Nexis) 23 Oct. 4 It was the last of numerous working bees to remove boneseed that threatened more than 700 native plant species. the world > life > biology > substance > [noun] > other types of 1947 93 226 The comparable distribution, particularly of bone-seekers, on immersion injection, indicated that these elements were taken up through gill and oral membranes were distributed by the blood. 1955 Aug. 37/1 Most fission products are known as ‘bone-seekers’: they tend to concentrate in the skeleton. 2000 92 211/2 Generally speaking, a large majority of osteosarcomas has been observed among mice, rats and dogs exposed to alpha- and beta-emitting bone seekers. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders of bones > [adjective] > tending to affect bones 1947 49 347/1 In the case of rats, the effect of the bone-seeking isotopes is a bit different. 1980 16 Feb. 374/1 The bone scan may show less uptake of the bone-seeking isotope. 2014 S. T. Treves (ed. 4) xv. 365/2 The distribution of bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals varies with age and with the activity of growth centers. 1829 11 July He..[was] wielder of the sledge-hammer—until..tired of this bone-shaking exercise. 1853 10 June 1/2 In the omnibuses also, Nong-chong and Chi-yan-too..may have been seen..apparently enjoying their ride, as if they were well used to that bone-shaking mode of conveyance. 1973 V. C. Ike (1974) xxv. 202 He was thirsty after the sixty-mile ride on Mazi Laza's bone-shaking Eagle bicycle. 2000 A. Rashid (2001) 18 A bone-shaking two-day camel ride to Quetta. 2011 T. Virgo vii. 67 We endured American football on television... Men crunched one another with bone-shaking tackles. 1855 30 June (Supplement) 690/1 The bone-shaped double comet of Biela. 1930 6 Mar. 16/2 Over the bone-shaped, decomposed granite hills he'd race his car. 2008 S. W. Sullivan 103 (caption) To create a fetching gift for a new pet owner, dress up a brown bag with raffia, a bone-shaped cookie cutter, and puppy cut-outs. the world > animals > fish > subclass Elasmobranchii > order Pleurotremata > [noun] > member of family Cetorhinidae (basking shark) 1802 1st Ser. VIII. 199 There is a large shark in the harbour, named the bone-shark, and similar in shape to the man-eating shark. 1917 Sept. 590/1 The tiger shark of the Indian Ocean and the ‘bone shark’. 2006 (Nexis) 25 July 2 The basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus), also known as the bone shark, is the second largest fish. 1790 4 Nov. Bone Soup is now the rage. 1854 21 Oct. 42/2 During the long Napoleonic Wars, bone soup was made in some of the hospitals. 1915 13 Sept. 4/1 (heading) Bone soup. Economical French recipes. 2016 (Nexis) 8 Jan. The tasty bone soup is made by simmering pork for hours to develop a rich flavor. the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of horses > [noun] > disorders of legs > caused by tumours > tumour 1566 T. Blundeville Order curing Horses Dis. cxxvi. f. 92, in Which swelling in continuance of time, becommeth so hard as a bone, and therfore is called of some ye bone Spauen. 1607 E. Topsell 406 The dry Spauin..is a great hard knob..in the inside of the hough..called of some the bone-Spauen. 1794 J. Woodforde 24 Mar. (1929) IV. 101 The only blemish in him, is a bone Spavin in the off hind Leg, which at present is by no means bad. 2003 R. O. Parker (ed. 2) vii. 167 Bone spavins, like ringbones, may fuse bones and render joints inarticulate. 1815 2nd Ser. 28 2 The distillation of bones and other animal matter has heretofore been commonly carried on for the mere purpose of producing the said substance, namely, the ammonia, hartshorn, or bone spirit, and animal oil, and the ivory or bone black, animal charcoal, or white bone ash. 1856 H. Beasley (ed. 6) 26 Sal Ammoniac. It is made by saturating ammoniacal gas liquor, or bone-spirit, with sulphuric acid; [etc.]. 1925 31 Jan. 152 Various processes have been employed for the preparation of ammonium chloride but the two most common sources of the salt are ‘gas liquor’ and ‘bone spirit’. ?1874 J. S. Roberts I. 42 The wings and tail are long, and the former are armed with a bone spur at the shoulder, which is used for stunning its prey. 1927 3 312/1 He thinks the calcification developed before the tuberculosis because the bone spurs also showed atrophy due to arthritis. 1991 Summer 178 He's had so much trouble with his own back—bone spurs, compression, the tenth thoracic, thinning jelly. 2008 (National ed.) 30 Sept. a3/1 Eventually, a podiatrist ascertained that she had a bone spur. the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > slim shape or physique > [adjective] > thin 1899 25 Sept. 2/1 His legs were what was called ‘bone-thin’ by the village blacksmith. 1939 D. Cecil vi. 171 Ghastly pale, bone-thin..she looked insane. 2007 24 Dec. 100/1 She was a bone-thin woman with a pretty face, dark eyes, and brown hair that hung down her back. the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > divination by natural phenomena > divination from bones > [noun] > by throwing bones > one who practises 1887 Dec. 608 Then did thy son Ungulube seek the bone-thrower to consult his great wisdom, as do all true children of the king. 1953 P. H. Abrahams v. 180 In desperation she went to a ‘bone-thrower’. 2009 (Nexis) 12 June 7 That standing army of prognosticators, from palm readers to bone throwers and quantitative analysts, who throughout history have made money in the present by selling us the future. 1788 Oct. 450/1 The regulation respecting free admissions..leads the actors into unnecessary expence, the rule being to charge for the bone ticket, if sent in on a full night. 1825 H. Wilson III. 229 The party produced three bone tickets, which they had purchased, for eight shillings each..[that] I am in the habit of disposing of every night..for the pit. 1998 K. Hughes xi. 134 Those who only took a box to keep up appearances often sold their unused seats (commonly called ‘bones,’ after the round, numbered bone tickets of admission) to their friends. the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > [adjective] a1825 R. Forby (1830) Bone-lazy, bone-sore, bone-tired, adj. so lazy, sore, or tired, that the laziness, the soreness, or the fatigue, seem to have penetrated the very bones. 1869 9 Dec. 7/5 Colliers, when they have done their day's work,..are bone tired and weary. 1965 G. McInnes x. 178 The Baas..strode up and down the line of bone-tired scouts. 2017 (Nexis) 7 June 13 An electorate that is becoming bone-tired of posturing and wants every leader..to get on with the day job. 1839 A. Ure 744 A totally different kind of turquois, called bone turquois, which seems to be phosphate of lime coloured with oxide of copper. 1948 R. M. Pearl iv. 174 Odontolite or ‘bone turquoise’ has often appeared as a substitute for true turquoise. 2011 13 Aug. 13 Emperors Charles V, Rudolf II, Ferdinand III and a cast of lesser kings, archdukes and African servants are commemorated in tortoiseshell, diamond, brass, ivory and bone turquoise. the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > [adjective] > pure white > as ivory or bone 1850 ‘H. Hieover’ p. xiii She [sc. a mare] is the ‘milk-white’. Now there is a breed of ‘bone-whites’, of a bluish tinge, with blackish muzzles. 1873 15 Apr. 2/3 Bone-white teeth. 1954 J. R. R. Tolkien iv. iii. 253 Arms and legs almost bone-white and bone-thin. 1985 R. LeMaster xvii. 191 The bone colour is more a bone white than a true white. 2007 May 153/2 The island is circled by bone-white sand. Derivatives the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > [adjective] 1657 N. Culpeper & W. Rowland tr. J. Johnstone viii. 10/2 Medicaments both actually and vertually dry together with drying liniments, (and of a bone-like temperament [L. temperamento ossis simillimis]) are to be applied. 1721 F. Bellinger Pref. p. vj Bone-like substances, or those sublim'd from other Saline Bodies as Sal Salis Armon. 1849–52 IV. ii. 930/2 Covered with the bone-like substance. 1908 21 215 Grey round leaves, red bone-like branches, and small waxy bell-shaped flowers. 1998 July 45/2 Cementum—the sensitive, bone-like tissue surrounding the root of a tooth. 2006 A. Ursu xx. 290 Philonecron stroked Zee's face with a bone-like finger. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † bonen.2Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a borrowing from French. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: French bon , bone n.1 Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps (i) < French bon pleasant or desirable thing (12th cent. in Old French), good thing (13th cent. or earlier), the best choice (14th cent.), the best part of something (15th cent.), use as noun of bon good (see boon adj.), although apparently none of these senses are attested in a gambling context; or perhaps (ii) a transferred use of bone n.1 (although the semantic motivation is unclear). Earlier currency is probably implied by bone ace n. Obsolete. rare. society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > other card games > [verb (intransitive)] > actions in specific games > in bone-ace 1674 C. Cotton xv. 129 He that hath the biggest Card carries the Bone, that is one half of the Stake. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018). † boneadj. Origin: Either (i) variant or alteration of another lexical item. Or (ii) a borrowing from French. Etymons: bona adj.; French bon ; boon adj. Etymology: Either a variant or alteration of bona adj. (although this is first attested later), or < French bon good (see boon adj.), or perhaps a variant of boon adj. (although this apparently became obsolete in its basic sense ‘good’ in the 17th cent: compare sense 1 at that entry). cant and Criminals' slang. Obsolete. the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > [adjective] 1793 (new ed.) Dict. Cant Bone darkmans [?1750 Bene-Darkmans], a good night. 1856 H. Mayhew Introd. 6 ‘Bone’, which is slang for good. 1859 J. C. Hotten p. xviii ‘ Bene’, or Bone, stands for good in Seven Dials, and the back streets of Westminster. 1862 H. Mayhew I. 364/1 A mark..placed on the door post of such as are ‘bone’ or ‘gammy’, in order to inform the rest of ‘the school’ where to call. 1889 A. Barrère & C. G. Leland I. 158/1 Bone, this word is used with the sense of good by English vagabonds. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). bonev.1 Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: bone n.1 Etymology: < bone n.1With use with reference to dressmaking (see sense 3a) compare earlier boned adj. 2a. With use with reference to agriculture (see sense 3b) compare earlier boned adj. 2b and boning n.1 2. In use with reference to Australian Aboriginal tradition (see sense 7) probably after to point the bone at point v.1 10d (compare bone n.1 5b and also bone-pointing n. at bone n.1 Compounds 6). With use with reference to sexual intercourse (see sense 8) compare slightly earlier boning n.1 4; compare also earlier boner n. 4. the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparation of meat > dress animals for food [verb (transitive)] > remove bones 1483 (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1483 §26. m. 2 Fissh..not boned nor splatted. 1552 R. Huloet Bonen, or plucke oute bones, exosso. 1656 H. Seaman 8 He and Cadmus together make a shift to kill the Dragon, and having boned his jaws, he perswadeth this Wise-acres to sow the ground with the teeth. 1674 A. Cremer tr. J. Scheffer xviii. 92 Having boiled the fish they first bone them. 1704 sig. G4v/2 Take fat Brawn, about three years old, and boning the sides, cut the Head close to the Ears, and cut fine Collars of a side Bone. 1797 86 Bone the ham, and trim it properly. 1806 3 Apr. 1/3 Skill and Co.'s truly delicious Anchovy Butter, which consists of anchovies that have been boned and pounded in a marble mortar. 1880 J. Ruskin No. 7 You give it [sc. a book] to a reviewer, first to skin it, and then to bone it, and then to chew it, and then to lick it, and then to give it you down your throat like a handful of pilau. 1939 (U.S. Public Health Service) 54 1971 An occupation in the meat packing industry which involves..cutting, trimming, and boning the cold meat. 1978 D. Smith I. 133 Ask the butcher—giving him a bit of notice—to bone out a hand and spring of pork for this recipe. 2007 30 119 I prepared and chopped the vegetable leaves, boned the fish, and peeled the eggplant and the makeke fruits. the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (intransitive)] > be injured > be wounded > throw out spicules of bone 1664 in S. Pepys 31 Dec. (1971) V. 362 [Charm against a thorn] Jesus..Was pricked both with nail and thorn; It neither wealed, nor belled, rankled nor boned. 3. To provide with bone or bones. the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > tailor or make clothes [verb (transitive)] > stiffen 1688 R. Holme iii. 94/2 Boning the Stays, is to put the slit Bone into every one of the places made for it between each stitched line which makes Stayes or Bodies stiff and strong. 1831 12 July (advt.) Ladies' stays and corsets boned to order. 1871 49 Having my stays very fully boned and fitted with shoulder-straps. 1919 19 591 Have the stiff inside belting boned in casings so that the bones can be removed when the skirt is washed. 1986 D. de Marly ii. 34/1 The sewing of canvas, and boning corsets required stronger fingers than women were believed to possess. 2011 C. B. Shaeffer (rev. ed.) 226/2 (heading) Boning the corselette. the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > fertilizing or manuring > fertilize or manure [verb (transitive)] > treat with other natural fertilizer 1835 26 Sept. A precipitous and rather extensive hill..has been boned with ease for several years. 1873 R. Caldecott in 11 June (1886) 4/1 A fine grass field..well boned last winter. 1900 14 Apr. 3/1 Nor was there any compensation for boning land. 1942 D. R. Denman v. 54 The second class improvements consisted in boning land with undissolved bones, chalking, clay burning, [etc.]. society > education > learning > study > [verb (intransitive)] > study diligently or hard society > education > learning > study > [verb (transitive)] > study diligently or hard 1832 H. L. Ellsworth Let. 17 Nov. in (1937) 74 He was a poor scholar..with no disposition to bone down to study. 1841 H. Greeley in W. M. Griswold (1898) 53 Webb..has been round boring every big-bug in the State to bone for him. a1861 T. Winthrop (1863) 148 We was about sick of putty-heads and sneaks that..didn't dare to make us stand round and bone in. 1887 E. Custer (1889) ix. 286 I have known the General to ‘bone-up’, as his West Point phrase expressed it, on the smallest details of some question at issue. 1899 3 That evening I had some hard work to do and was bohning away like sin. 1924 M. Currie 72 That old stick-in-the-mud, Smith, who spends every evening boning away at dry old books. 1949 9 Nov. 16/6 Boning hard for their ‘grudge’ game against California Saturday at Berkeley, the Oregon Ducks went through a rough scrimmage here yesterday. 1959 14 Oct. 309/1 The Wrens..boned up on Russian to be ahead for the next war. 1993 J. Dickey 124 This was not one of those times, though, and I boned down on what choices I had and what advantages I could give myself. 2009 D. O'Briain iii. 22 Coventry was..one of the great car-producing areas, so I should have boned up on my manufacturing-process terminology before gigging there. 5. slang. the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > urge or importune 1856 C. A. Abbey Diary 14 Sept. in H. A. Gosnell (1937) vi. 74 One of Bills greatest desires was, to be shewn the ‘great wall’ of China of which he had read, and no argument of mine could convince him but that it passed near Canton so he must needs ‘bone’ Sam about it. 1883 G. Smith vii. 154 A big, idle, hulking-looking fellow of a gipsy now ‘boned’ me. He wanted me to lend him a shilling—as he said—for his wife and children. 1913 Sept. 567/2 After Hiram gave her the Black Silk and paid for the Crayon Enlargments of her Parents, Jennie did not have the Face to bone him for anything more. 1944 May 11/1 That's old Fred Harlow... Been knocking around rodeos for the last twenty years, always playing in hard luck, always dead broke. He boned me for entrance fees. 2010 A. Van Heugten xxv. 220 ‘Why did the old bat drag my fifty-six-year-old ass up here if all I was gonna get was a handful of wet rat turds?’ he mutters. ‘Just tryin' to bone me for a few more bucks.’ 1863 Frogland Olmenac in (1898) I. 336/1 I doan't like to see a lot o' chaps boanin' at wun o' ther shopmaites for a fooitin'. 1887 T. Darlington 126 Yo shoulden ha' boned upon him, when you knowed he'd the brass abowt him. 1891 14 Nov. 8/8 Tom knew ah'd a seacrit, an' he boned at muh wol ah tell'd him what 'twor. 1898 14 5 Boots and shoes in use should be..boned and brushed..to preserve the leather and keep it free from creases. 1956 C. Beaton Diary in (1979) xxi. 309 He's spend hours boning my boots. Who has boots boned today? 1976 30 Dec. 1294/4 If you want to restore lustre with water resistance, ‘bone’ the cream or polish in with a flat, smooth bone and pressure. 2015 T. Ballinger ii. 37 An agonisingly slow process of ‘boning’ the boot into a shining, gleaming thing that you could shave yourself looking at. the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > enchantment or casting spells > [verb (transitive)] > put an evil spell on > point bone at 1901 F. J. Gillen 20 Aug. (1968) 235 The Puntudia crept up and ‘boned’ him with their pointing sticks... He became very ill and finally died. 1934 A. Russell x. 80 One of their number ‘boned’ him; that is, pointed the magic bone at him. Eight weeks later he was dead. 1985 B. Rosser 47 They think the other tribes are out to kill them or bone them. 1999 (Nexis) 27 Feb. 44 I saw a bloke who'd been boned almost dead until the curse was lifted off him. the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > engage in sexual activity with [verb (transitive)] > penetrate 1969 K. Tindall viii. 154 They kissed in a frantic frenzy and collapsed on the sofa, she boning her split with his boner. 1971 F. Hilaire xxvii. 159 Any chance a me bonin' that gal? 1989 S. Lee (1990) (film script) 275 Shadow is boning Clarke... Flash cut to:..Shadow and Clarke. They are boning. 1993 H. Stern xii. 379 Then a guy would come into the room and start boning him in the ass. 2007 5 Nov. 70/1 I..told him to..take care of her... I don't know why he had to bone her. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022). bonev.2Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: bone v.1 Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps a further sense of bone v.1 (with an underlying sense ‘to seize as a dog does a bone’). A relationship with bone adj. has also been suggested. slang (originally cant and Criminals' slang) and regional. society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > arrest > [verb (transitive)] 1699 B. E. at Bone The Cove is Bon'd and gon to the Whit, c. the Rogue is taken up and carried to Newgate, or any other Goal. 1729 31 They seldom or never happen to be bon'd, viz. taken. 1796 Dec. 164/1 And when death claims his due, like a merciless dun, Let him bone me, who cares. 1819 J. H. Vaux New Vocab. Flash Lang. in II. 157 Tell us how you was boned, signifies, tell us the story of your apprehension. 1850 T. Kerr Jrnl. 16 Sept. in (1929) 8 272 He at last got off his Guard, when a police man Boned the lad. 1910 F. E. Channon xxvii. 262 All we have to do, if we're boned, is to deny we were there at all. the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > steal [verb (transitive)] 1699 B. E. at Bone I have Bon'd her Dudds, Fagg'd, and Brush'd, c. I have took away my Mistress Cloathes, Beat her, and am troop'd off. ?1780 (new ed.) 27 The cash that she bon'd for a bucket of water. 1833 M. Scott II. v. 187 A confounded gormandizing Lord Mayor had that very evening boned the entire contents of the only remaining pot. 1843 P. Leigh 6 For not the slightest ‘bones’ made he Of ‘boning’ people's ‘grub’. a1870 W. Lutton (2007) 10 Bone, to take hold of a thing with a firm, determined grasp. 1879 F. T. Pollok II. 22 I wounded a tusker..but the Karens..found it dead and boned the tusks. 1927 ‘R. Bird’ v. 55 I'm bound to be sacked twice over—for being out at night, and for boning Wong's idol. 1954 J. R. R. Tolkien i. xii. 220 Troll don't care, and he's still there With the bone he boned from its owner. 2012 Feb. 14/1 Bone, to catch quickly, to snatch: ‘The dog boned the rabbit’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2021). bonev.3Origin: Apparently a borrowing from French. Etymon: French bornoyer. Etymology: Apparently < French bornoyer (1691 or earlier) < borne boundary marker, boundary (see bourne n.2 and compare bound n.1) + -oyer, suffix forming verbs.With the β. forms compare Middle French boneer to set up a boundary (1325), and see forms and discussion at bound v.1 Compare also bourn v. Surveying, Building, etc. Now somewhat rare. the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > surveying > survey [verb (transitive)] > in specific manner 1712 J. James tr. A.-J. Dézallier d'Argenville ii. iii. 122 Cause a pole to be held six Foot beyond it, which, according to the Profile, is the Foot of the Slope..and borning it [Fr. bornoïés-la] to the exact height of the other Stakes. 1729 S. Switzer I. vii. 109 And if you can see any great Length, you may with Boning-Staves, with which a good Workman ought always to be provided, bone quite through that view... You are to allow ten Inches lower to your Gauge-Stake, and bone in new Pins or Stakes. 1846 ‘A Civil Engineer’ i. 13 If the line is correctly boned, the whole of the boing rods will be ‘on’ the object at the termination of the line. 1880 16 Jan. 28/1 There is sometimes difficulty in obtaining men to ‘bone’ the pipes in to the precise line and inclination determined upon. 1906 22 Sept. 349/1 The two boning-rods are set at such levels that the shield will follow the correct gradient if the rods bone through. 1965 T. Cooper i. 20 In practice it will be found that, however fine a trench is ‘boned’, there is always a very slight error which is particularly evident along a flat trench. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2021). <  n.1eOE n.21674 adj.1793 v.11483v.21699v.31712 |
