单词 | splitting |
释义 | splittingn. 1. The action of the verb; cleaving or rending: a. In intransitive uses. Also with asunder. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > cleaving or splitting > [noun] > becoming cleft or split splittingc1595 cleaving1725 fissuring1830 c1595 Capt. Wyatt in G. F. Warner Voy. R. Dudley to W. Indies (1899) 54 When wee expected nothing less then splittinge of sailes, breakinge of shroudes [etc.]. 1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. 23/1 The cleavinge or splittinge in the lippes,..and in the nose. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Debris,..a breaking, or splitting asunder, as of a ship against a rocke. 1699 A. Boyer Royal Dict. (at cited word) Eclat de rire, A splitting with Laughing. 1798 C. Hutton Course Math. II. 333 It is to be suspected that Mr. Robins's great penetration was owing to the splitting of his timber in some degree. 1838 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 330/1 The failure of the wall, by its separating into two thicknesses along the middle,..is called splitting. 1882 S. H. Vines tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. (ed. 2) 734 The splitting asunder of whole masses of tissue during freezing. b. In transitive uses. Also with out. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > cleaving or splitting > [noun] cleavingc1000 discission1628 hag1825 splitting1872 1872 J. G. Holland Marble Prophecy 102 When the chopping and splitting were done. 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 131 A long spell of bush work—splitting, fencing,..what not. 1899 Westm. Gaz. 5 May 1/2 The Chief Constructor..will personally direct the splitting out of the only twelve blocks remaining under the vessel. 2. a. The action of dividing, separating, or parting. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > [noun] partinga1382 distinctiona1387 partition1517 quartering1555 distincting1570 distinguishing1587 dividedness1656 scission1676 dismembering1677 dismemberment1727 splitting1737 repulsion1771 dipartition1838 splitting1847 piecemealing1853 diaeresis1856 fission1865 split-up1878 1737 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 34/1 Lest the Managers, by Splitting of Votes, should escape the Prosecution commenced against them. 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 173 To prevent the splitting of freeholds. 1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 215 The inconveniences that attended the splitting of estates. 1833 H. Martineau Loom & Lugger i. i. 3 Such a splitting into two parties. 1885 Athenæum 12 Sept. 333/1 It is equally difficult to escape the charge of tedious and needless splittings. b. Similarly with up. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > [noun] partinga1382 distinctiona1387 partition1517 quartering1555 distincting1570 distinguishing1587 dividedness1656 scission1676 dismembering1677 dismemberment1727 splitting1737 repulsion1771 dipartition1838 splitting1847 piecemealing1853 diaeresis1856 fission1865 split-up1878 1847 tr. C. C. J. Bunsen Constit. Church of Future 10 Along with the splitting up of the divine idea in man, the human race also was split up out of unity into plurality. 1862 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. (ed. 2) III. 288 The formation and the splitting up of these saccharides. 1895 Knowledge July 149 The splitting up of the rays which occurs on the transmission of light through a prism. c. spec. in Psychology. The process of division or dissociation affecting the mind or self. Also with off. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [noun] > personality disorders > dissociation self-estrangement1841 disassociation1873 multiple personality1886 splitting1890 dissociation1897 depersonalization1904 dissociated personality1918 split personality1919 dissociative identity disorder1994 1890 W. James Princ. Psychol. I. ix. 227 According to M. Janet these secondary personalities are always abnormal, and result from the splitting of what ought to be a single complete self into two parts. 1910 tr. Freud's Orig. & Devel. Psycho-Anal. in Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 21 191 We followed his [sc. Janet's] example when we made the mental splitting and the dissociation of personality the central points of our theory. 1910 tr. Freud's Orig. & Devel. Psycho-Anal. in Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 21 191. I soon came to another view of the origin of hysterical dissociation (or splitting of consciousness). 1927 D. K. Henderson & R. D. Gillespie Text-bk. Psychiatry v. 101 The most extensive, and at the same time the most profound, of all personality changes is the ‘splitting of the personality’ that occurs in advanced schizophrenia. 1945 M. Klein Contrib. Psycho-anal. (1948) 346 The early splitting of the mother figure into a good and bad ‘breast mother’ as a way of dealing with ambivalence had been very marked. 1967 J. A. Hadfield Introd. Psychotherapy xviii. 134 A severe shock such as a car accident or even a severe illness can result in a splitting off of some part of consciousness. 3. plural. That which is split, cleft, or chopped. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > cleaving or splitting > [noun] > that which is split splittings1867 1867 Morning Star 8 Oct. A Salisbury butcher announces..meat at the following prices:..Beef—brisket, 7d.; splittings, 7½d.; rumps, 8d. 1887 D. C. Murray & H. Herman One Traveller Returns vi. 78 Upon this small logs and splittings, dry and green alike, were thrown. 4. Mining. (See quot. 1883.) ΚΠ 1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining 231 Splittings, two horizontal level headings driven through a pillar in pillar workings, in order to work away the coal. Compounds attributive, chiefly in the sense of ‘used or adapted for splitting’, as splitting-knife, splitting-machine, splitting-mill, splitting-tool; splitting-block n. (see quot. 1711). splitting-board n. (see quot. 18752). splitting field n. Mathematics the least field which includes all roots of a specified polynomial. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > set > in abstract algebra > field field1893 subfield1910 splitting field1942 1711 W. Sutherland Ship-builders Assistant 25 Blocks of hard knotty Stuff..upon which you lay other Blocks, called Splitting-blocks, of the freest Timber that can be got, for the Conveniency of cleaving out again, when you are ready to launch. 1802 A. Young Autobiogr. (1898) 383 I have fixed straw work here,..and my splitting machines are all distributed. 1841 H. Scrivenor Hist. Iron Trade vi. 120 All below that size were cut in the splitting-mill. 1846 C. Holtzapffel Turning & Mech. Manip. II. 459 Paring or splitting tools, with thin edges. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2162/2 The blocks are fed to the splitting-knives by fluted rollers. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2281/2 Splitting-board (Mining),..a dividing board used in mine ventilation to divide the incoming air. 1886 A. Weir Hist. Basis Mod. Europe (1889) 377 The rollers..saved the smaller gauges from being consigned to the splitting mill. 1942 E. Artin Galois Theory ii. 22 A splitting field is of finite degree since it is constructed by a finite number of adjunctions of algebraic elements, each defining a field of finite degree. 1971 E. C. Dade in M. P. Powell & G. Higman Finite Simple Groups viii. 256 If F is algebraically closed, then it is a splitting field for any simple F-algebra. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online December 2021). splittingadj. 1. a. Causing to split or rend. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > tearing or tearing apart > [adjective] rivinga1400 renting1561 ripping1576 splitting1609 divulsivea1626 rending1660 shredding1883 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida i. iii. 48 When the splitting winde, Makes flexible the knees of knotted Okes. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iii. ii. 97 The splitting Rockes cowr'd in the sinking sands. View more context for this quotation 1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia iii. 64 The flashes of fire from heaven, by which light onely we kept from the splitting shore. b. Ear-splitting; deafening. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > [adjective] > deafening deafeninga1616 deafinga1625 obtunding1645 stunning1667 ear-splitting1761 splitting1821 head-splitting1824 shattering1842 ear-sore1859 1821 Ld. Byron Sardanapalus i. ii. 12 Worse than the rabble's shout, or splitting trumpet. 1891 F. W. Farrar Darkness & Dawn II. lv. 223 Splitting outbursts settled into a long continued roar. c. Croquet. Of a stroke: Causing the balls to go in divergent directions. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > croquet > [adjective] > type of stroke splitting1874 1874 J. D. Heath Compl. Croquet-player 37 The Splitting Stroke. In this stroke, the two balls..fly off from each other at an angle. It is the most important of the croquet-strokes. 2. Parting asunder; separating by cleavage. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > cleaving or splitting > [adjective] cleaving1626 splitting1725 fissuring1830 1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey II. vii. 358 The splitting Raft the furious tempest tore. 1883 Good Words Nov. 732/1 Besides the very small disease germs, there are many ‘splitting-fungi’. 1891 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles I. viii. 100 The fore part of the straight road enlarged..the two banks dividing like a splitting stick. 3. Extremely fast; very rapid. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > [adjective] > very seven-leagued1747 ripping1826 seven-league-booted1828 splitting1829 lightning1832 high-speed1844 double-quick1860 mile-a-minute1883 express1897 jet-propelled1947 supersonic1947 light speed1987 1829 in Standard 6 Apr. (1908) 8/2 On the pistol being fired, the boats went off at a splitting rate. 1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iii. xv. 135 A weak-spirited, improvident idiot..racing off at a splitting pace for the workhouse. 1873 Routledge's Young Gentleman's Mag. 270/2 At a splitting gallop. 4. Of a headache: Violent, severe. Also figurative of the head. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > pain in specific parts > [adjective] > in head sorec1550 splitting1828 1828 Oscotian I. 461 Felt a splitting head-ache under my night-cap. 1835 C. Dickens Let. 18 Dec. (1965) I. 109 The noise and confusion here..is so great that my head is actually splitting. 1847 C. G. F. Gore Castles in Air III. xxviii. 49 I woke next morning..with a splitting head-ache. 1857 G. A. Lawrence Guy Livingstone iii. 23 Pale men with splitting heads..after a heavy drink. 1884 Punch 15 Nov. 230/2 Head split open; splitting headache as result. 1893 Earl of Dunmore Pamirs II. 191 I had a splitting headache in consequence of my fall. 5. splitting image, an exact likeness. Also (dialect) splitten image. Cf. spitting image n. at spitting adj. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [noun] > image of a person or thing print1340 imagec1384 similitude?a1425 picturec1475 similitudeness1547 portrait1567 idol1590 model1594 self-imagea1672 duplicate1701 moral1751 ditto1776 fetch1787 double1798 fetch-like1841 splitting image1880 spitting image1901 spit1929 split-image1950 clone1977 1880 T. Clarke et al. Specimens Westmorland Dial. (new ed.) ii. 36 Soa t'kersmas up i't'fells Et just be t'splitten image Ov a kersmas 'mang yersells. 1939 D. Hartley Made in Eng. i. 3 Evenness and symmetry are got by pairing the two split halves of the same tree, or branch. (Hence the country saying: he's the ‘splitting image’—an exact likeness.) This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.c1595adj.1609 |
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