spaten.

Brit.

/speɪt/, U.S.

/speɪt/, Scottish English

/spet/

Forms: α. Middle English– spate, Middle English–1800s spait, 1500s–1600s, 1800s dialect spaitt, 1500s–1600s spat, 1600s spaite, 1800s spaight. β. 1500s–1600s speate, 1600s–1800s speat, 1800s dialect speatt, speeat, speet, spete, spyet, etc.

Etymology: Of obscure origin: the early spelling and rhymes show that the original vowel was ā, the later change of which to ea, etc., is regular.

Originally Scottish and northern.

a. A flood or inundation; esp. a sudden flood or rising in a river or stream caused by heavy rains or melting snow. Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > [noun] > river

land-flood1390

spatec1425

water break1513

flowa1616

overfloat1619

land-watera1631

freshet1638

surflux1660

spring-flood1714

shute1839

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > [noun] > profuseness, luxuriousness, or lushness > a profusion or lavish abundance > viewed as flowing or falling

stream971

flood1340

affluencec1390

showera1425

spatec1425

delugec1430

rain1590

spring tide1592

cataract?1614

flux1678

α.

c1425 Wyntoun Cron. i. vii[i.] (heading) The ark and the spate of Noe.

c1425 Wyntoun Cron. vii. 771 Na spate Þan mycht mak þar kneys wate.

c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 381 Þe watur þat wald cald Padus rase vp opon a grete spate and owryode all þe feldis.

1522 in Aberdeen Reg. (1844) I. 105 The sentrice of the brig..quhilk the spat haid brocht dovne incontinent.

1562 W. Turner Herball (1568) ii. 35 Great heapes of Stones are casten together wyth the myght of a great spat or floode.

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Civ^v/2 A Spate, torrens.

1611 W. Mure Misc. Poems ii. 60 in Wks. (S.T.S.) I. 11 No spaits of teires culd quench ye boyling leede.

c1614 W. Mure tr. Virgil Dido & Æneas ii. in Wks. (1898) I. 478 Nor haile, nor sleet, nor wind, nor weit [Atlas] eschewes; Adoune his shoulders raging spates do spowt.

1710 R. Sibbald Hist. Fife & Kinross i. 34 Others perished in the Water, being carried down with the Spate.

1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd i. ii The spate may bear away Frae aff the howms your dainty rucks of hay.

1832 W. Motherwell Poems 17 In that spate of blood, how well The headless corpse will swim.

1858 W. E. Gladstone Stud. Homer III. 158 That he carried away in sudden spates many of the horses that were pastured on his banks.

1889 F. A. Knight By Leafy Ways 25 Heaps of drifted rubbish,..to mark the tide-line of the winter spates.

β. 1595 A. Duncan Appendix Etymologiae: Index in Latinae Grammaticae Eluvio, diluvium, a speate of watters.c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 81 Throw ane great speat of the water of Die, occasioned be the..extraordinar rayne, thir haill four schippis brak louss.1787 R. Burns Poems (new ed.) 75 While crashing ice, borne on the roaring speat, Sweeps dams, an' mills, an' brigs, a' to the gate.1806 W. M. Morison Decisions Court of Session XXXIII. 14524 The prejudice..did arise..from the running in of mud and gravel, by speats and land-floods.1818 S. E. Ferrier Marriage I. xxi. 296 A Horse and Cart were drowned at the Ford last Speat.1863 W. F. Campbell & J. F. Campbell Life in Normandy I. 54 They [i.e. fish] cannot get into these small rivers without a speat.

b. A sudden heavy downpour or storm of rain.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > [noun] > a or the fall of rain > downpour > sudden

rashOE

waterspout1586

downfall1603

plumpa1688

spate1727

cloud-burst1872

1727 P. Walker Some Remarkable Passages Semple, Welwood & Cameron 16 With a Speat of Rain, to raise the Waters.

1793 T. Scott Poems 389 Routh o' kisses, That fell like speats o' rain.

1825– in numerous northern dial. glossaries.

1871 Daily News 25 Aug. All day long there had been a ‘spate’ of rain in Inverary.

c. figurative. A sudden or violent outburst or outpouring of some quality, feeling, etc.; a sudden rush or flood, an unusual number or quantity, of words, events, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [noun] > bursting violently from rest or restraint > instance of > violent surge of something > specifically of words or feeling

spatec1614

sally1676

torrent1702

shower bath1808

simoom1813

irruption1883

α.

c1614 W. Mure tr. Virgil Dido & Æneas iii. in Wks. (1898) I. 191 Death~bent Dido,..Transported with a rageing spait of ire.

a1689 W. Cleland Coll. Poems (1697) 45 Innocence proves no defence, Against this Spait of violence.

a1732 T. Boston Memoirs (1776) x. 333 The speat ran high for the transportation [to Closeburn], when we came to town.

a1796 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 192 Nae bombast spates o' nonsense swell.

1890 Argus (Melbourne) 17 Dec. 9/2 I already had such a spate of schools to attend that I was unable to accept the invitation.

β. 1629 W. Mure True Crucifixe 564 in Wks. (S.T.S.) I. 221 Thy Crimes the cause, thy sinnes inunding speate.1634 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. xxxvii. 118 God hath dried up one channel of your love by the removal of your husband. Let now that speat run upon Christ.1710 T. Ruddiman in G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneis (new ed.) Gloss. at Flum A speat of language.1731 Plain Reasons Presbyterians Dissent. 138 The most honest cause is often run down with the torrent and speat of law~quirks.1834 Tait's Edinb. Mag. New Ser. 1 428/1 Not a foaming speat, and blether of dictionary words.1858–61 E. B. Ramsay Reminisc. Sc. Life (1870) vi. 168 Sic a speat o' praying, and sic a speat o' drinking, I never knew.

a. Without article: Flooding or inundation, swollen condition of water, etc.; copious downpouring of rain. Now usually without const.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > [noun]

streamc950

water floodOE

floodc1000

waterOE

diluvya1325

waterganga1325

flowinga1340

delugec1374

diluvec1386

Noah's floodc1390

overflowing1430

inundation1432

flowa1450

surrounding1449

over-drowninga1500

spate1513

float1523

drowning1539

ravine1545

alluvion1550

surundacion1552

watershot1567

overflow1589

ravage1611

inunding1628

surroundera1642

water breach1669

flooding1799

debacle1802

diluviation1816

deluging1824

superflux1830

whelm1842

come1862

floodage1862

sheet-flood1897

flash flooding1939

flash-flood1940

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > [noun] > a or the fall of rain > downpour

floodc1275

spate1513

spout1554

gourder1565

squata1640

downpouring1669

deluge1720

pash1722

plout1740

on-ding1776

pelt1785

soaker1789

pelter1791

teem1793

pour1794

oncome1808

downpour1811

plash1820

slashing1829

plungec1841

dispunging1876

steeper1878

splurge1879

soak1891

drencher1892

toad-strangler1938

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ix. i. 74 Sevyn swelland ryveris eftyr spait of rayne.

c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. xii. xii. f. 181^v/1 In this ȝeir al y^e landis of Godowine be spait of seis wes couerit with sandis.

1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 9 Inundation, or spate of water, or anie other suddaine chance or perill.

c1630 in Burton Scot Abr. (1864) II. 323 For as meikle as a greit part of the playfeild.. is spoiled, broken and carriet away in speat and inundation of water.

1848 A. H. Clough Bothie of Toper-na-Fuosich i. 95 As sudden torrent in time of speat in the mountain.

1893 K. Simpson Jeanie o' Biggersdale 51 The water rushed down..angrily in winter and in times of spate.

b. in (or †on) spate, in flood.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > in flood [phrase] > of river

in (or on) spate1513

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ii. vi. 14 Quhen the burne on spait hurlis doun the bank.

1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 111 Lyke burnis that in spait fast rin.

1610 Aberdeen Reg. (1848) II. 299 The said burne, efter great rayne, being in spat, brak out oft and diuerse tymes be vehement force.

1803 J. Jamieson Water Kelpie in W. Scott Minstrelsy Sc. Border (ed. 2) III. 362 Yestreen the water was in spate.

1861 G. H. Kingsley in F. Galton Vacation Tourists & Trav. 1860 133 The burn, high in spate,..rattles harshly at our feet.

c. Broken or turbulent water characteristic of a river in flood. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > system > [noun] > rapids

white water1482

sault1600

shoota1609

stickle1616

swift1661

rift1727

rapid1744

rattle1770

rip1775

riffle1865

spate1884

1884 W. Sime To & Fro 104 The Ilen..breaking into rough currents of brown ‘spate’.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations, as spate river, spate water; spate-created adj.

ΚΠ

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 108 The spate wateris of the grete mountanis may sudaynly cum till jnfest the ost and disloge thame.

1529 in C. Innes Registrum Episcopatus Aberdonensis (1845) I. 396 Gif it sall happin þe said brig be..inundatioun of spaitt water weiring of grund be our inaduertence..to failȝe.

1901 Scotsman 4 Mar. 10/2 Floods are of very short duration on those spate rivers.

1901 Pall Mall Gaz. 17 Sept. 6/2 Those spate-created runs at the heads of pools.

Derivatives

spate v. transitive to flood, swell; intransitive to rain heavily.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > change in level of water > [verb (transitive)] > cause to rise

swell1608

spate1853

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > flood or overflow [verb (intransitive)] > river

flow1495

disbank1660

flood1755

spate1853

to burst its banks1860

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > rain falls [verb (intransitive)] > rain heavily

ropec1450

to ding down1554

to come down1597

to ding onc1650

to rain cats and dogs1661

sile1703

pour1737

teem1753

pepper1767

flood1813

to rain pitchforks1815

rash1824

spate1853

bucket1926

tipplea1930

piss1948

1853 W. Watson Poems 26 Sheughs an' deep fur-drains were jawin' To spate the burns.

1866 Banffshire Gloss. 230 It spaitit on the hail nicht.

ˈspated adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > [adjective] > flooding or overflowing > specifically of river

flow1511

abounding1684

spated1827

1827 J. Aikman tr. G. Buchanan Hist. Scotl. III. iv. 374 The speated Tweed came down heavy two days before.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	spate
释义	spaten. Brit. /speɪt/, U.S. /speɪt/, Scottish English /spet/ Forms: α. Middle English– spate, Middle English–1800s spait, 1500s–1600s, 1800s dialect spaitt, 1500s–1600s spat, 1600s spaite, 1800s spaight. β. 1500s–1600s speate, 1600s–1800s speat, 1800s dialect speatt, speeat, speet, spete, spyet, etc. Etymology: Of obscure origin: the early spelling and rhymes show that the original vowel was ā, the later change of which to ea, etc., is regular. Originally Scottish and northern. 1. a. A flood or inundation; esp. a sudden flood or rising in a river or stream caused by heavy rains or melting snow. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > [noun] > river land-flood1390 spatec1425 water break1513 flowa1616 overfloat1619 land-watera1631 freshet1638 surflux1660 spring-flood1714 shute1839 the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > [noun] > profuseness, luxuriousness, or lushness > a profusion or lavish abundance > viewed as flowing or falling stream971 flood1340 affluencec1390 showera1425 spatec1425 delugec1430 rain1590 spring tide1592 cataract?1614 flux1678 α. c1425 Wyntoun Cron. i. vii[i.] (heading) The ark and the spate of Noe. c1425 Wyntoun Cron. vii. 771 Na spate Þan mycht mak þar kneys wate. c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 381 Þe watur þat wald cald Padus rase vp opon a grete spate and owryode all þe feldis. 1522 in Aberdeen Reg. (1844) I. 105 The sentrice of the brig..quhilk the spat haid brocht dovne incontinent. 1562 W. Turner Herball (1568) ii. 35 Great heapes of Stones are casten together wyth the myght of a great spat or floode. 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Civ^v/2 A Spate, torrens. 1611 W. Mure Misc. Poems ii. 60 in Wks. (S.T.S.) I. 11 No spaits of teires culd quench ye boyling leede. c1614 W. Mure tr. Virgil Dido & Æneas ii. in Wks. (1898) I. 478 Nor haile, nor sleet, nor wind, nor weit [Atlas] eschewes; Adoune his shoulders raging spates do spowt. 1710 R. Sibbald Hist. Fife & Kinross i. 34 Others perished in the Water, being carried down with the Spate. 1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd i. ii The spate may bear away Frae aff the howms your dainty rucks of hay. 1832 W. Motherwell Poems 17 In that spate of blood, how well The headless corpse will swim. 1858 W. E. Gladstone Stud. Homer III. 158 That he carried away in sudden spates many of the horses that were pastured on his banks. 1889 F. A. Knight By Leafy Ways 25 Heaps of drifted rubbish,..to mark the tide-line of the winter spates. β. 1595 A. Duncan Appendix Etymologiae: Index in Latinae Grammaticae Eluvio, diluvium, a speate of watters.c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 81 Throw ane great speat of the water of Die, occasioned be the..extraordinar rayne, thir haill four schippis brak louss.1787 R. Burns Poems (new ed.) 75 While crashing ice, borne on the roaring speat, Sweeps dams, an' mills, an' brigs, a' to the gate.1806 W. M. Morison Decisions Court of Session XXXIII. 14524 The prejudice..did arise..from the running in of mud and gravel, by speats and land-floods.1818 S. E. Ferrier Marriage I. xxi. 296 A Horse and Cart were drowned at the Ford last Speat.1863 W. F. Campbell & J. F. Campbell Life in Normandy I. 54 They [i.e. fish] cannot get into these small rivers without a speat. b. A sudden heavy downpour or storm of rain. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > [noun] > a or the fall of rain > downpour > sudden rashOE waterspout1586 downfall1603 plumpa1688 spate1727 cloud-burst1872 1727 P. Walker Some Remarkable Passages Semple, Welwood & Cameron 16 With a Speat of Rain, to raise the Waters. 1793 T. Scott Poems 389 Routh o' kisses, That fell like speats o' rain. 1825– in numerous northern dial. glossaries. 1871 Daily News 25 Aug. All day long there had been a ‘spate’ of rain in Inverary. c. figurative. A sudden or violent outburst or outpouring of some quality, feeling, etc.; a sudden rush or flood, an unusual number or quantity, of words, events, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [noun] > bursting violently from rest or restraint > instance of > violent surge of something > specifically of words or feeling spatec1614 sally1676 torrent1702 shower bath1808 simoom1813 irruption1883 α. c1614 W. Mure tr. Virgil Dido & Æneas iii. in Wks. (1898) I. 191 Death~bent Dido,..Transported with a rageing spait of ire. a1689 W. Cleland Coll. Poems (1697) 45 Innocence proves no defence, Against this Spait of violence. a1732 T. Boston Memoirs (1776) x. 333 The speat ran high for the transportation [to Closeburn], when we came to town. a1796 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 192 Nae bombast spates o' nonsense swell. 1890 Argus (Melbourne) 17 Dec. 9/2 I already had such a spate of schools to attend that I was unable to accept the invitation. β. 1629 W. Mure True Crucifixe 564 in Wks. (S.T.S.) I. 221 Thy Crimes the cause, thy sinnes inunding speate.1634 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. xxxvii. 118 God hath dried up one channel of your love by the removal of your husband. Let now that speat run upon Christ.1710 T. Ruddiman in G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneis (new ed.) Gloss. at Flum A speat of language.1731 Plain Reasons Presbyterians Dissent. 138 The most honest cause is often run down with the torrent and speat of law~quirks.1834 Tait's Edinb. Mag. New Ser. 1 428/1 Not a foaming speat, and blether of dictionary words.1858–61 E. B. Ramsay Reminisc. Sc. Life (1870) vi. 168 Sic a speat o' praying, and sic a speat o' drinking, I never knew. 2. a. Without article: Flooding or inundation, swollen condition of water, etc.; copious downpouring of rain. Now usually without const. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > [noun] streamc950 water floodOE floodc1000 waterOE diluvya1325 waterganga1325 flowinga1340 delugec1374 diluvec1386 Noah's floodc1390 overflowing1430 inundation1432 flowa1450 surrounding1449 over-drowninga1500 spate1513 float1523 drowning1539 ravine1545 alluvion1550 surundacion1552 watershot1567 overflow1589 ravage1611 inunding1628 surroundera1642 water breach1669 flooding1799 debacle1802 diluviation1816 deluging1824 superflux1830 whelm1842 come1862 floodage1862 sheet-flood1897 flash flooding1939 flash-flood1940 the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > [noun] > a or the fall of rain > downpour floodc1275 spate1513 spout1554 gourder1565 squata1640 downpouring1669 deluge1720 pash1722 plout1740 on-ding1776 pelt1785 soaker1789 pelter1791 teem1793 pour1794 oncome1808 downpour1811 plash1820 slashing1829 plungec1841 dispunging1876 steeper1878 splurge1879 soak1891 drencher1892 toad-strangler1938 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ix. i. 74 Sevyn swelland ryveris eftyr spait of rayne. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. xii. xii. f. 181^v/1 In this ȝeir al y^e landis of Godowine be spait of seis wes couerit with sandis. 1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 9 Inundation, or spate of water, or anie other suddaine chance or perill. c1630 in Burton Scot Abr. (1864) II. 323 For as meikle as a greit part of the playfeild.. is spoiled, broken and carriet away in speat and inundation of water. 1848 A. H. Clough Bothie of Toper-na-Fuosich i. 95 As sudden torrent in time of speat in the mountain. 1893 K. Simpson Jeanie o' Biggersdale 51 The water rushed down..angrily in winter and in times of spate. b. in (or †on) spate, in flood. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > in flood [phrase] > of river in (or on) spate1513 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ii. vi. 14 Quhen the burne on spait hurlis doun the bank. 1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 111 Lyke burnis that in spait fast rin. 1610 Aberdeen Reg. (1848) II. 299 The said burne, efter great rayne, being in spat, brak out oft and diuerse tymes be vehement force. 1803 J. Jamieson Water Kelpie in W. Scott Minstrelsy Sc. Border (ed. 2) III. 362 Yestreen the water was in spate. 1861 G. H. Kingsley in F. Galton Vacation Tourists & Trav. 1860 133 The burn, high in spate,..rattles harshly at our feet. c. Broken or turbulent water characteristic of a river in flood. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > system > [noun] > rapids white water1482 sault1600 shoota1609 stickle1616 swift1661 rift1727 rapid1744 rattle1770 rip1775 riffle1865 spate1884 1884 W. Sime To & Fro 104 The Ilen..breaking into rough currents of brown ‘spate’. Compounds attributive and in other combinations, as spate river, spate water; spate-created adj. ΚΠ c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 108 The spate wateris of the grete mountanis may sudaynly cum till jnfest the ost and disloge thame. 1529 in C. Innes Registrum Episcopatus Aberdonensis (1845) I. 396 Gif it sall happin þe said brig be..inundatioun of spaitt water weiring of grund be our inaduertence..to failȝe. 1901 Scotsman 4 Mar. 10/2 Floods are of very short duration on those spate rivers. 1901 Pall Mall Gaz. 17 Sept. 6/2 Those spate-created runs at the heads of pools. Derivatives spate v. transitive to flood, swell; intransitive to rain heavily. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > change in level of water > [verb (transitive)] > cause to rise swell1608 spate1853 the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > flood or overflow [verb (intransitive)] > river flow1495 disbank1660 flood1755 spate1853 to burst its banks1860 the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > rain falls [verb (intransitive)] > rain heavily ropec1450 to ding down1554 to come down1597 to ding onc1650 to rain cats and dogs1661 sile1703 pour1737 teem1753 pepper1767 flood1813 to rain pitchforks1815 rash1824 spate1853 bucket1926 tipplea1930 piss1948 1853 W. Watson Poems 26 Sheughs an' deep fur-drains were jawin' To spate the burns. 1866 Banffshire Gloss. 230 It spaitit on the hail nicht. ˈspated adj. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > [adjective] > flooding or overflowing > specifically of river flow1511 abounding1684 spated1827 1827 J. Aikman tr. G. Buchanan Hist. Scotl. III. iv. 374 The speated Tweed came down heavy two days before. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1425
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