单词 | spastic |
释义 | spasticadj.n. A. adj. 1. a. Pathology. Of the nature of a spasm or sudden contraction; characterized or affected by spasmodic symptoms or movements. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders affecting muscles > [adjective] > spasm or cramp crampy1551 spasmous1563 spasmatic1603 spasmatical1647 spasmodic1681 spastic1753 spasmodical1766 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Gout The podagra in particular is thus defined to be a spastic and painful affection of the foot. 1756 Philos. Trans. 1755 (Royal Soc.) 49 243 To compose these spastic motions of the parts. 1822 J. M. Good Study Med. I. 272 The graft of a spastic disease upon a spastic temperament. 1878 A. M. Hamilton Nerv. Dis. 155 There are occasionally spastic contractions, which last for some little time. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VI. 314 Amentia, in association with..spastic limbs. b. spec. in names of special ailments. spastic paralysis, a condition in which some muscles undergo tonic spasm (sometimes resulting in abnormal posture) and resist passive displacement, so that voluntary movement of the part affected is difficult and poorly co-ordinated. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > convulsive or paralytic disorders > [noun] > palsy or paralysis > types of mollification?a1425 hemiplexy1576 paraplegia1583 dead palsy?1594 hemiplegia1600 sideration1612 astrobolism1651 paresis1668 hemiplegy1755 general paralysis1820 refixation1825 Pott's disease1827 pamplegia1842 pamplegy1857 crossed palsy1858 transverse palsy1858 neuroparalysis1859 general paresis1862 athetosis1871 monoplegia1876 spastic paralysis1877 Landry's paralysis1882 Little's disease1884 cerebral palsy1889 paraparesis1890 hemiparesis1893 Pott's paraplegia1895 sleep-palsy1896 quadriplegia1897 pressure paralysis1899 Bell's palsy1904 taboparesis1910 tetraplegia1911 tick paralysis1914 quadriparesis1948 Landry–Guillain–Barré syndrome1957 1822 J. M. Good Study Med. III. 311 Spastic wry-neck. From excess of muscular action on the contracted side. 1876 J. Van Duyn & E. C. Seguin tr. E. L. Wagner Man. Gen. Pathol. 340 Spastic anæmia of the small and smallest arteries. 1877 tr. W. Erb in London Med. Rec. V. 435/1 (heading) On spastic spinal paralysis (tabes dorsal spasmodique, Charcot). 1879 Glasgow Med. Jrnl. 11 147 (heading) Paraplegia, with great muscular rigidity (Erb's spastic paralysis?). 1889 W. Osler Cerebral Palsies of Children i. 2 The cases are usually arranged under the generic terms cerebral palsies—the German Cerebrale Kinderlähmung—or spastic palsies, while the specific designation indicates the distribution of the paralysis, whether unilateral, bilateral, or paraplegic. 1891 Lancet 15 Aug. 354/1 Among the cases of apparent cure..were cases of spastic paralysis. 1903 A. H. Tubby & R. Jones Mod. Methods Surg. Paralyses ii. 203 Examples of Little's disease or spastic paralysis. 1937 E. Kenny Infantile Paralysis & Cerebral Diplegia viii. 92 In spastic paralysis, if the patient is asked to do something with the fingers, all the muscles controlling the fingers, as well as all the other muscles of the forearm and those of the arm and shoulder girdle, go into spastic contraction. 1938 Times Lit. Suppl. 22 Jan. 50/2 Recent researches would appear to have established that the trouble from which Byron suffered was not an ordinary club-foot: that he was the victim of some obscure nervous malady—Little's disease, otherwise spastic paraplegia, has been suggested. 1954 S. Duke-Elder Parsons' Dis. Eye (ed. 12) xxix. 586 Spastic entropion is due to spasm of the orbicularis. 1973 W. Barlow Alexander Princ. ix. 141 The diagnosis of ‘spastic colon’ is very often accompanied by such unnoticed abdominal misuse. 1977 Lancet 22 Oct. 844/2 He was hypertonic, with mild spastic diplegia. 2. Performing involuntary contractile movements. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > [adjective] > muscular movement extensive1646 abducent1649 peristaltic1652 metaleptic1656 spastic1822 spasmodic1836 ideomotor1854 idiomuscular1860 fibrillary1875 motor1878 myotatic1881 antergic1890 isometric1891 isotonic1891 neurogenic1901 synkinetic1901 ballistic1905 motoric1926 1822 J. M. Good Study Med. III. 540 Such has been the force of the spastic muscles. 1834 S. Cooper Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) IV. 144 The contraction was here a spastic ring bordering immediately on the orifice of the uterus. 3. a. Affected with spastic paralysis. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > convulsive or paralytic disorders > [adjective] > palsy or paralysis > types of paraplectic1661 hemiplegiac1802 hemiplegic1822 paraplegic1822 hemiplegian1842 athetoid1875 apraxic1892 monoplegic1896 quadriplegic1897 athetotic1898 spastic1903 tetraplegic1911 quadriparetic1956 cerebral-palsied1961 Tasered1976 1903 A. H. Tubby & R. Jones Mod. Methods Surg. Paralyses ii. 228 Transformation of the pronator radii teres and transplantation of the carpal flexors were effected in spastic children. 1937 P. M. Girard Home Treatm. Spastic Paralysis i. 10 As a spastic child later learns to walk, a typical ‘scissors gait’ is frequently observed. 1977 Whitaker's Almanack 26 (advt.) Jonathan has been severely spastic since birth, and is unable to walk unsupported. He also has difficulty with speaking and writing. b. In weakened use: uncoordinated, incompetent; foolish, stupid. slang (offensive). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > weakness of intellect > confusion, muddle-headedness > [adjective] redelessOE mopishc1300 tottedc1500 addle1534 muddy?1571 addle1576 foggya1591 foggy-brained1594 addled1599 addle-headed1600 bezzled1604 addle-pated1614 addle-brained1619 buzzle-headeda1644 puzzle-headed1729 puzzle-pated1736 muddle-headed1760 ramble-headeda1761 hulver-headed1785 ramfeezled1786 muddled1790 hoddy-doddya1798 muzzy-headed1798 bother-headed1820 muddle-pated1823 pixilated1848 woolly1864 bungle-headed1865 mixed1880 muddlesome1887 wifty1918 woozy1941 spastic1981 the world > action or operation > ability > inability > [adjective] > unable or incompetent > and stupid prunish1942 spastic1981 1981 [see sense B. 2]. 1982 A. Barr & P. York Official Sloane Ranger Handbk. 159/3 Spastic, temporarily unintelligent. Sloanes don't consider lack of intelligence should be insulted; one, they are basically kind; two, they are unintellectual themselves. B. n. 1. A person with spastic paralysis. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders affecting muscles > [noun] > spasm or cramp > person spastic1896 1896 Pediatrics II. 194 The staggering, uncertain gait of the spastic, often with knees striking or actually crossed, with knees flexed and heels raised, is well known. 1937 E. R. Carlson in P. M. Girard Home Treatment Spastic Paralysis p. xix Through repeated exercises..the spastic gradually acquires muscular coordination. 1953 M. McCarthy Groves of Academe ii. 22 The male part of the college included an unusual number of child prodigies,..as well as some spastics and paraplegics. 1976 National Observer (U.S.) 25 Sept. 21/1 Christy Brown, you will remember, is the Dubliner..and almost total spastic who, a few years ago, with his left foot tapped out a novel. 1978 R. B. Scott Price's Textbk. Pract. Med. (ed. 12) xvi. 1347/2 Even with the most skilled and sympathetic management, the emotional needs and problems of the ‘spastic’ and of the immediate family may present insoluble problems. 2. In weakened use, esp. contemptuously: one who is uncoordinated or incompetent; a fool. Cf. spaz n. slang (offensive). Although current for some fifteen years or more, it is generally condemned as a tasteless expression, and is not common in print.—R.W.B. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupid, foolish, or inadequate person > person of weak intellect > confused, muddled person > [noun] mafflardc1450 juffler15.. dromedary1567 madbrain1570 batie buma1586 addle-head1592 blunderkin1596 nit1598 addle-pate1601 hash1655 blunderbuss1692 blunderhead1692 shaffles1703 fog-pate1732 blunderer1741 puzzle-pate1761 slouch1767 étourdi1768 botch1769 puddle1782 bumble1789 scatter-brain1790 addle-brain1799 puzzle-head1815 shaffler1828 chowderhead1833 muddlehead1833 muddler1833 flounderer1836 duffer1842 muddle-pate1844 plug1848 incompetent1866 schlemiel1868 dinlo1873 drumble-dore1881 hodmandod1881 dub1887 prune1895 foozler1896 bollock1916 messer1926 Pilot Officer (also P.O.) Prune1942 spaz1965 spastic1981 the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > condition of being held in contempt > [noun] > state or quality of being contemptible > contemptible person wormc825 wretchOE thingOE hinderlingc1175 harlot?c1225 mixa1300 villain1303 whelpc1330 wonnera1340 bismera1400 vilec1400 beasta1425 creaturec1450 dog bolt1465 fouling?a1475 drivel1478 shit1508 marmoset1523 mammeta1529 pilgarlica1529 pode1528 slave1537 slim1548 skit-brains?1553 grasshopper1556 scavenger1563 old boss1566 rag1566 shrub1566 ketterela1572 shake-rag1571 skybala1572 mumpsimus1573 smatchetc1582 squib1586 scabship1589 vassal1589 baboon1592 Gibraltar1593 polecat1593 mushroom1594 nodc1595 cittern-head1598 nit1598 stockfish1598 cum-twang1599 dish-wash1599 pettitoe1599 mustard-token1600 viliaco1600 cargo1602 stump1602 snotty-nose1604 sprat1605 wormling1605 brock1607 dogfly?1611 shag-rag1611 shack-rag1612 thrum1612 rabbita1616 fitchock1616 unworthy1616 baseling1618 shag1620 glow-worm1624 snip1633 the son of a worm1633 grousea1637 shab1637 wormship1648 muckworm1649 whiffler1659 prig1679 rotten egg1686 prigster1688 begged fool1693 hang-dog1693 bugger1694 reptile1697 squinny1716 snool1718 ramscallion1734 footer1748 jackass1756 hallion1789 skite1790 rattlesnake1791 snot1809 mudworm1814 skunk1816 stirrah1816 spalpeen1817 nyaff1825 skin1825 weed1825 tiger1827 beggar1834 despicability1837 squirt1844 prawn1845 shake1846 white mouse1846 scurf1851 sweep1853 cockroach1856 bummer1857 medlar1859 cunt1860 shuck1862 missing link1863 schweinhund1871 creepa1876 bum1882 trashbag1886 tinhorn1887 snot-rag1888 rodent1889 whelpling1889 pie eatera1891 mess1891 schmuck1892 fucker1893 cheapskate1894 cocksucker1894 gutter-bird1896 perisher1896 skate1896 schmendrick1897 nyamps1900 ullage1901 fink1903 onion1904 punk1904 shitepoke1905 tinhorn sport1906 streeler1907 zob1911 stink1916 motherfucker1918 Oscar1918 shitass1918 shit-face1923 tripe-hound1923 gimp1924 garbage can1925 twerp1925 jughead1926 mong1926 fuck?1927 arsehole1928 dirty dog1928 gazook1928 muzzler1928 roach1929 shite1929 mook1930 lug1931 slug1931 woodchuck1931 crud1932 dip1932 bohunkus1933 lint-head1933 Nimrod1933 warb1933 fuck-piga1935 owl-hoot1934 pissant1935 poot1935 shmegegge1937 motheree1938 motorcycle1938 squiff1939 pendejo1940 snotnose1941 jerkface1942 slag1943 yuck1943 fuckface?1945 fuckhead?1945 shit-head1945 shite-hawk1948 schlub1950 asswipe1953 mother1955 weenie1956 hard-on1958 rass hole1959 schmucko1959 bitch ass1961 effer1961 lamer1961 arsewipe1962 asshole1962 butthole1962 cock1962 dipshit1963 motherfuck1964 dork1965 bumhole1967 mofo1967 tosspot1967 crudball1968 dipstick1968 douche1968 frickface1968 schlong1968 fuckwit1969 rassclaat1969 ass1970 wank1970 fecker1971 wanker1971 butt-fucker1972 slimeball1972 bloodclaat1973 fuckwad1974 mutha1974 suck1974 cocksuck1977 tosser1977 plank1981 sleazebag1981 spastic1981 dweeb1982 bumboclaat1983 dickwad1983 scuzzbag1983 sleazeball1983 butt-face1984 dickweed1984 saddie1985 butt plug1986 jerkweed1988 dick-sucker1989 microcephalic1989 wankstain1990 sadster1992 buttmunch1993 fanny1995 jackhole1996 fassyhole1997 fannybaws2000 fassy2002 1981 R. A. Spears Slang & Euphemism 369 Spastic, (1) a jerk; a giddy person..; (2) pertaining to a blunderer. Derivatives ˈspastically adv. in a spastic manner. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders affecting muscles > [adverb] > with spasms or cramps spasmodically1710 spastically1862 1862 A. Meadows Man. Midwifery vi. ii. 217 The longer it [sc. the placenta] is allowed to remain the more spastically does the uterus contract upon it. 1978 R. Ludlum Holcroft Covenant iii. 39 He arched his back spastically, as if gasping for air. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1753 |
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