soyn.1
/sɔɪ/, U.S. /sɔɪ/ 1. A sauce made from fermented soybeans, typically having a thin liquid consistency, a brown colour, and a salty or umami taste, used as a condiment or flavouring esp. in East and South-East Asian cuisine; = soy sauce n. at Compounds 3.Soy sauce is traditionally made from fermented soybeans, roasted grain (such as wheat or barley), and salt. Varieties include light (with a light brown or reddish-brown colour and a very thin consistency) and dark (with a darker colour and slightly thicker consistency); see also tamari n.
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the world > food and drink > food > additive > sauce or dressing > [noun] > soy-sauce
soya1679
soy1696
shoyu1727
soy sauce?c1775
soya sauce1881
toyo1926
tamari1977
1696 J. Ovington Voy. Suratt 397 Souy the choicest of all Sawces.
1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. i. ii. 28 I have been told that Soy is made partly with a Fishy composition..: tho a Gentleman..told me, that it was made only with Wheat, and a sort of Beans mixt with Water and Salt.
1779 Encycl. Brit. IV. 2511/2 This legumen..serves for the preparation of..a pickle celebrated among them [sc. the Japanese] under the name of sooju or soy.
1796 Glasse's Art of Cookery (new ed.) x. 174 Fry them [sc. white-bait]..and dish up with plain butter and soy.
1818 Ld. Byron Beppo vii. 4 From travellers accustom'd from a boy To eat their salmon, at the least, with soy.
1853 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Mar. 280 She put soy instead of sherry into the soda water compound she was mixing.
1919 N.Y. Times (Electronic ed.) 6 July 34 Beef, onions, cabbage, beancurd, and other vegetable additions, not forgetting Japanese soy, sugar, and a little sake, are ready to be prepared.
1999 S. Owen Indonesian Regional Food & Cookery (rev. ed.) 273 One reason for using light soy is that it does not colour the food, as dark soy is apt to do.
2014 Crave Mar. 59/3 I bite into..tofu stuffed with mushrooms, braised with bak choi in vegetable stock and drizzled with honey and soy.
2. The soybean plant, Glycine max. Cf. soya n. 2.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > pulses or plants producing pulses > [noun] > bean > soya bean
sewee1737
soy1778
soybean1795
soya1817
soya bean1854
black soybean1895
soy nut1918
1778 C. Milne Bot. Dict. (ed. 2) at Dolichos Soja Edible Kidney-Bean of India; Soy.
1870 F. S. Cozens Sayings, Wise & Otherwise iii. 15 The soy, sir, or ‘soya’, as the Japanese call it, is a species of bean, which would grow in this country as well as any other Chinese plant.
1880 C. E. Bessey Bot. 532 Many more species [of food-plants] are now cultivated in India, such as Chowlee, Black Grain, Soy,..etc.
1984 J. Kandell Passage through El Dorado xvi. 289 We plant manioc just trying to eat, while the Brazilians harvest soy and corn and mint to sell.
2008 Daily Rec. (Baltimore) (Nexis) 12 May Rye growers..may be more likely to be tempted by government subsidies for corn and soy, which are more easily cultivated.
3. Originally: flour, meal, or protein derived from soybeans and used in various food products, often as a replacement for animal protein. Later also more generally: any of various food or drink products made or derived from soybeans or soy protein; these considered collectively.Broadly interchangeable with soya (soya n. 3) in most varieties of English, though soy is the preferred term in North American usage.
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1945 M. M. Lager Useful Soybean ii. 20 Soy flour is..a new and superior foodstuff that can solve one of that nation's greatest weaknesses, the lack of foodstuffs of animal origin, namely, meat, milk, and eggs. Soy is an army ration as revolutionary as mechanized warfare.
1976 S. MacClure & B. Simmons Utilization of Soy Protein in European Community 16/1 The present dependence on imported ready-processed soy is likely to continue for many years.
1983 L. S. Yapa in Y. K. Malik Politics, Technol., & Bureaucracy in South Asia 41 A single pound of meat requires an average consumption of approximately ten pounds of grain and soy as feed.
1996 Chatelaine (Canada) June 123/1 Soy, formerly the darling of the vegetarian set, is going mainstream. More and more carnivorous Canadians are discovering that soy makes a delicious high-protein alternative to meat.
2006 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 1 Oct. x. 24/3 Eat soy every other day. Take your pick:..a soy protein bar; soy milk or a soy shake.
Compounds
C1. Broadly interchangeable with uses of soya as a modifier (see soya n. Compounds 1) in most varieties of English, though soy is preferred in North American usage.
a. As a modifier, with the sense ‘made or derived from soybeans’, as in soy biscuit, soy flour, etc.; spec. designating vegetarian or vegan food or drink made with soy as an alternative to meat or animal products, as in soy bacon, soy meat, soy yoghurt, etc. Cf. soya n. Compounds 1a.For many of the established compounds of this type, as soy burger, soy cheese, soy milk, etc., see Compounds 3.
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1894 Lancet 17 Nov. 1165/1 ‘Soy’ biscuits, bread, and flour for diabetics.
1930 Los Angeles Times 15 Nov. ii. 4/6 The Reds have compiled two cook books of recipes for soy foods.
1948 Washington Post 23 Apr. b1/8 The Department of Agriculture asks each person to observe one ‘meatless day each week’.. A recipe book..tells how to cook..potatoburgers..and soy meat loaf.
1963 D. Van Gundy Jones Soybean Cookbk. 136 Soy yogurt is both nutritious and tasty.
1972 N. L. Fyson World Food iv. 68 The ‘soy bacon’..has one-third the calories of real bacon.
1980 Business Amer. 7 Apr. 38/4 Machinery..for soybean processing to obtain edible oil, soy milk, soy flour, soy meat.
1989 Sunday Mail (Queensland) (Nexis) 11 June The Garden's tempting delights put paid to any theory that vegetarian means tasteless... Choices included lasagne made from soy mince.
1994 Vegan Autumn 11/1 Rice and soy products such as tofu and miso are the staples.
2015 Canad. Press (Nexis) 12 Jan. You'll find soy chorizo in the grocer's refrigerated case alongside tofu and other vegetarian ‘meats’.
2019 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 11 Nov. The American Cancer Society recommends eating..more vegetables, fruits, whole grains and traditional soy foods like tofu.
b. As a modifier, designating drinks made with soy milk as an alternative to animal milk, as in soy cappuccino, soy latte, etc.
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1993 N.Y. Times 1 Sept. c 6/3 The coffee club sits at 50's dinette sets of formica and chrome, drinking soy cappuccino from Fiesta-style mugs.
2009 Atlantic Monthly Mar. 92/2 Fairly harmless is the $4 venti soy latte, purchased amid Starbuck's track lighting.
2015 B. M. Bloom Don't ever Change xlvii. 275 We always order the exact same thing—her a chai iced tea, me a blended soy mocha.
C2. As a modifier, with the sense ‘with or in soy sauce’, as in soy-braised, soy-glazed, soy-marinated, etc., adjectives.
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1880 R. M. Jephson Pink Wedding I. x. 285 These [fried eels] were..saturated with soy..and served up hot... He detached a goodly portion of a soy-besoaked eel.
1965 N.Y. Times 7 Jan. 35/1 The image of the soy-glazed dishes would stimulate the taste buds.
1993 Toronto Life Apr. rg8/3 Soy marinated eggplant deep-fried in chickpea batter.
1998 N. Lawson How to Eat (1999) 426 A capacious plateful of cooked and soy-tossed buckwheat soba noodles.
2011 S. Lewis Rough Guide to Shanghai (ed. 2) 117/1 Go for the soy braised pork..and other local faves.
C3.
soy bottle n. a bottle for serving or storing soy sauce; (originally) spec. a small ornamental bottle for soy sauce or other condiments, typically made of faceted glass and displayed as one of a pair or set on a stand (now historical).
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1845 Morning Chron. 19 Dec. 8/6 Show glasses, fruit, and soy bottles, [etc.].
1970 Canad. Antiques Collector Oct. 18 (caption) Four 12-sided soy bottles with shoulder bands of diamonds cut in high relief.
1985 Washington Post 24 Aug. c1/3 Kenji Ekuan invented the soy bottle that pours from either side.
2017 Advertiser (Austral.) (Nexis) 8 Nov. 31 It's sushi in a bowl—I just wish I had a little squeezy soy bottle, and maybe even wasabi to add to taste.
soy burger n. a vegetarian (now typically vegan) burger made with soy protein instead of meat; (also occasionally) a burger made with a mixture of meat and soy protein.
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1937 Freeport (Illinois) Jrnl.-Standard 22 Sept. 5/2 A product called soy-burger has bene [sic] produced. It tastes like ham-burger.
1973 Hyde Park (Chicago) Herald 16 May 15/4 The Co-op is investigating a soyburger mix. It would consist of 70 per cent ground beef (fat content between 25-30%) and 30 per cent hydrated Textured Vegetable Protein.
2019 Toronto Star (Nexis) 27 July (Life section) 1 A beef burger patty contains 20 grams of protein, while a soy burger from Yves contains 12 grams.
soy cheese n. any of various types of cheese-like food made with processed soybeans, (now) esp. one consumed as an alternative to cheese made with animal milk; (also) spec. = tofu n.
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1890 G. Watt Dict. Econ. Products India III. 511 In China and Japan three preparations are made from the soy-bean, namely soy-sauce, soy-cheese, and a kind of paste.
1979 Evening Press (Binghamton, N.Y.) 5 June 2 c/1 Tofu (also called soybean curd or soy cheese) is a white, tasteless cake which lacks character when served alone.
1990 New Age Jrnl. Apr. 100/3 Soy milk and soy cheeses are popular with people who want to minimize or eliminate dairy products from their diets.
2014 Tampa Bay (Florida) Times (Nexis) 7 Mar. 56 The standout was the Very Vegan Pizza (crimini mushrooms, roasted garlic, tomato sauce, and soy cheese).
soy frame n. now historical an ornamental frame or stand used for holding bottles of soy sauce and other condiments.
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the world > food and drink > food > setting table > table utensils > [noun] > bottle(s) for oil, vinegar, or sauce > receptacle or stand for
cruet-stand1716
soy frame1778
1778 Public Advertiser 9 June One Soy Frame containing six Cruets.
1931 E. Wenham Domest. Silver x. 142 Snuffer-trays and soy-frames can be..made into attractive inkstands.
1999 J. Bace Collecting Silver 80/2 By the end of the 18thC cruet stands and soy frames were made larger to hold as many as ten bottles.
soy jam n. a thick sauce or paste made from fermented soybeans, similar in flavour to soy sauce and used as a condiment or flavouring esp. in East and South-East Asian cuisine.
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1945 B. Y. Chao How to cook & eat in Chinese i. iii. 27 Similar to soy sauce is a soy jam, which is much thicker in consistency.
2000 J. Gold Counter Intelligence 198 Korean-style free appetizers—slivers of raw onion served with thick salty soy jam.
soy meal n. meal made from soybeans following the extraction of their oil, chiefly used as feed for livestock.
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1899 Missouri Valley Farmer 23 Feb. 1/5 With dairy cows, soy meal takes the place of linseed meal, being somewhat richer in protein, a laxative feed, and softening the butter fat.
1974 1974 U.S. Agric. Outlook 23 In 1964, the world produced 38 million tons of oilseeds and protein meals (soy meal equivalent).
2003 Oxf. Amer. May 24/2 As far as Willis is concerned, a burger made of soy meal and hamburger meat, the kind he sells, well, that's a hamburger.
soy milk n. a milky liquid prepared from ground soybeans, used as a drink and in cooking often as an alternative to animal milk; = soya milk n. at soya n. Compounds 2.
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the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > [noun] > milk > milk substitutes or alternatives
almond milk1381
milk of almondsa1425
oat milk1844
soy milk1906
soya milk1911
plant milk1959
coffee whitener1961
creamer1961
coffee lightener1962
rice milk1986
1906 Jrnl. Soc. Chem. Industry 31 July 710/1 The condensed soy-milk has a considerable nutritive value.
1989 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 22 July 229/1 The incidence of eczema in infants fed soy milk formula did not differ from that in the group fed a conventional cows' milk formula.
2009 New Yorker 27 Apr. 42/3 For breakfast every morning, he concocted a slurry of oatmeal, berries, soy milk, pomegranate juice,..raw eggs, and protein powder.
soy nut n. chiefly North American a soybean, esp. one that has been roasted until browned and crunchy, often consumed as an alternative to nuts; frequently in soy nut butter (cf. peanut butter n.).
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1918 Bull. N. Carolina Dept. Agric. Nov. 24 Soynut feed.
1936 Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 26 May 771/2 Soynuts. For Nut-like Edible Product Consisting of Soy Beans Roasted in Oil.
1985 Central New Jersey Home News 12 Nov. b11/5 Inari offers its soynut butter in several forms, including a basic spread that resembles peanut butter but lacks its strong taste.
2012 Canad. Press (Nexis) 18 July Substitute soy nuts for the peanuts if nut allergies are a concern.
soy oil n. a refined oil obtained from soybeans, chiefly used in cooking and as a foodstuff; = soybean oil n. at soybean n. Compounds 2.
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1884 A. Stillé & J. M. Maisch National Dispensatory (ed. 3) 1087 Soy Oil is prepared from Soja hispida.
1991 High Volume Printing Feb. 30/2 Black soy-based news inks are about 25 percent higher than petroleum-based inks..because of the price difference between soy oil and petroleum oil.
2020 National Post (Canada) (Nexis) 3 Dec. Soyoil competes in the global vegetable oil market with palm and canola oil.
soy protein n. protein derived from soybeans, chiefly used as a foodstuff; (also) a protein that is found in soybeans.
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1918 Amer. Med. Oct. 638 The digestibility of soy protein is 85 per cent., a figure corresponding very favorably with the digestibility of ordinary cereal proteins.
1966 Food Engin. Apr. 58/1 Textured meat analogs are specially tailored from spun soy proteins.
2002 N.Y. Times Mag. 17 Feb. 75 (advt.) A delicious nutrition bar for women... Packed with 22 vitamins and minerals like calcium and iron, plus soy protein.
soy sauce n. a sauce made from fermented soybeans, typically having a thin liquid consistency, a brown colour, and a salty or umami taste, used as a condiment or flavouring esp. in East and South-East Asian cuisine; = sense 1.See note at sense 1.Originally a fuller form of soy in sense 1, and relatively infrequent before the 20th cent., but now more common than the simple use of soy to refer to the sauce. [Compare Swedish sojasås (1764).]
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > additive > sauce or dressing > [noun] > soy-sauce
soya1679
soy1696
shoyu1727
soy sauce?c1775
soya sauce1881
toyo1926
tamari1977
?c1775 E. Clifton's Cook Maid's Assistant ii. 38 Drain it well, and serve it up with butter and mustard in one bason, and anchovy or soy sauce in another.
1890 G. Watt Dict. Econ. Products India III. 511 In China and Japan three preparations are made from the soy-bean, namely soy-sauce, soy-cheese, and a kind of paste.
1959 R. Kirkbride Tamiko vii. 54 They had hors d'oeuvres of raw wild vegetables, sashimi, thin slices of raw tuna and sea bream with soy sauce.
2019 York Press (Nexis) 27 Apr. My vegetarian fried rice was good: crunchy broccoli clearly cooked with a dash of soy sauce, plus meltingly tasty Chinese leaf and peas.
soy sausage n. a vegetarian (now typically vegan) sausage made with soy protein instead of meat.
ΚΠ
1933 Enterprise (Williamston, N. Carolina) 21 Apr. 1/3 Several organizations in the United States are producing such foods as pancake flour, macaroni, soy sausage, malted milk drinks and candy with soy flour as a component ingredient.
1975 Delaware County (Pa.) Daily Times 20 Mar. 12/4 If my only choice were to use a soy sausage, I personally would not eat sausage often.
2015 Tampa (Florida) Tribune (Nexis) 8 Aug. 4 I switched from cow's milk to soy milk.... I also started using soy sausages and burgers instead of meat.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022).
† soyn.2
Chiefly Scottish. Obsolete (archaic in later use).
Silk. Usually (and earliest) more fully as silken soy.
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1765 Gilderoy (new ed.) in T. Percy Reliques Anc. Eng. Poetry I. 300 His stockings were of silken soy, Wi' garters hanging doune.
1803 J. Mayne Glasgow 10 Ev'n little maids..clip, wi' care, the silken soy For Ladies' braws.
1840 W. Prideaux Poems of Chivalry, Faery, & Olden Time 126 Our tents are spread with gossamer thread, More delicate far than silken soy.
1850 Sartain's Mag. Apr. 267/2 Next, under pennons flaunting high, Barons in cloaks of silken soy And caps of velvet go.
1927 L. Spence Weirds & Vanities 5 And like a castel sewn in soye The turrets o' the Scottish Troy Atowre that meikle moat rise up.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022).
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