Sovietn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈsəʊvɪət/,

/ˈsɒvɪət/,

/ˈsəʊvɪɛt/,

/ˈsɒvɪɛt/, U.S.

/ˈsoʊviət/,

/ˈsoʊviˌɛt/

Forms: Also soviet.

Etymology: < Russian sovét council.

Now chiefly historical.

A. n.

a. In the U.S.S.R.: one of a number of elected councils which operated at all levels of government, having legislative and executive functions.The term was also applied to various revolutionary councils set up prior to the establishment of socialist rule in 1917.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > types of body or spec. bodies > [noun] > with reference to foreign countries > in U.S.S.R.

Soviet1917

1917 Times 27 July 6/4 (heading) Hostile vote against the Soviet.

1917 Times 8 Sept. 6/4 A meeting of the Central Committee of the Soviet was held..at which the situation on the front was considered.

1917 Spectator 15 Sept. 260/1 The Soviet (the Council of Workmen's and Soldiers' Delegates).

1920 W. T. Goode Bolshevism at Work 69 The Soviet came into power in November 1917.

1920 W. T. Goode Bolshevism at Work 85 Peasant instructors, selected by local Soviets.

1920 Edinb. Rev. July 59 Soviets, i.e., councils or committees of workmen's and soldiers' delegates, are elected in every township, village or rural district for the purpose of local administration.

1930 Times Lit. Suppl. 30 Oct. 880/1 The chairman of the village soviet..may in theory be master in his own limited sphere; in practice he is the servant of a Communist ‘cell’.

1941 E. Strauss Soviet Russia iv. 33 Workers and soldiers..organized their own Councils or Soviets.

1953 B. Miall tr. Y. Delbars Real Stalin vii. 48 The first Soviets of working-class deputies were formed. The president of the Soviet of St. Petersburg was a Menshevik.

1965 B. Pearce tr. E. Preobrazhensky New Econ. 191 No more workers and office-workers are employed by the state, the local soviets, and the co-operatives than are employed in private industry, private trade, and agriculture.

1979 O. Sela Petrograd Consignment 20 During the 1905 uprising in St. Petersburg, together with Rakovsky and Trotsky he [sc. Helphand] had led the Soviet.

b. In other countries: a similar council organized on socialist principles.

ΘΚΠ

Soviet1918

1918 Daily Mirror 12 Nov. 2/4 (heading) Berlin Soviet Meets... The first sitting of the Workers' and Soldiers' Council in Berlin was held..this evening in..the Reichstag.

1934 Fundamental Laws Chinese Soviet Republic vi. 79 The First All-China Congress of Soviets of Workers..calls upon the Chinese workers and peasants..to fight resolutely against Sun Yat-Sen.

1977 J. Cleary High Road to China ii. 45 The Bolshevists..in Saxony..have taken over some of the towns, declared soviets.

c. transferred and figurative.

ΚΠ

1945 Tee Emm (Air Ministry) 5 40 Pistons, connecting rods, and other vitals cease to follow the paths their designer intended and form a sort of Soviet of miscellaneous salvage.

1947 J. G. Crowther & R. Whiddington Sci. at War 86 Owing to their character of complete equality and outspokenness, these meetings were called ‘Sunday Soviets’.

1972 History Workshop Pamphlet No. 6. 26 The cavilling system..was an embryo of workers' control... It was a little Soviet which had grown up within the capitalist system.

2. A citizen of the U.S.S.R. Chiefly in plural (hence loosely, = the Soviet Union or its leaders).

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Asia > native or inhabitant of Russia, the Russian Empire, or the Soviet Union > [noun]

Muscovite1535

Russ1537

Russian1538

Muscovian1577

Muscoviter1650

White Russian1659

Great Russian1783

bear1804

Rooshian1838

Soviet1920

Ivan1925

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > [noun] > the government of Russia

Moscow1920

Soviet1920

The Kremlin1933

1920 Commercial & Financial Chron. 24 Jan. 288/1 He [sc. Clemenceau] insisted upon writing the final paragraph, ‘affirming that the Allies had not changed their attitude towards the Soviets’.

1930 Amer. Speech 6 121 (heading) Jailed Soviets go on hunger strike.

1943 W. S. Churchill End of Beginning 221 The Soviets had to repel the terrific onslaught of Germany.

1959 Daily Tel. 7 Feb. 11/4 President Eisenhower, seeking one word to cover citizens of the Soviet Union, has braved the criticism of purists and adopted the term ‘Soviets’.

1964 R. A. Butler in Listener 13 Aug. 222/2 I am sure that the Soviets are not plotting a war against us, or anything like that, at the present time.

1977 C. McCarry Secret Lovers iii. 34 ‘Who did Bülow meet in Dresden?’.. ‘A Soviet, an Army captain named Kalmyk.’

B. adj.

1. Of, relating to, or having, a system of government based on soviets; Soviet Union: the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Russia, the Russian Empire, or the Soviet Union > [noun]

bear1794

Russian Federation1886

Soviet Union1918

Bolshevisia1919

Bolshevy1921

U.S.S.R.1927

narod1938

red land1942

Sov1967

society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > systems based on specific principle > [adjective] > relating to Soviet system

Soviet1918

Sovietic1920

1918 Decrees issued by Revolutionary Peoples Govt. I. 11 The Soviet Government does not look backward, but forward.

1920 W. T. Goode Bolshevism at Work 33 The Working of a Factory in Soviet Russia.

1920 W. T. Goode Bolshevism at Work 65 The Soviet Republic.

1920 19th Cent. Mar. 521 The Soviet Government is now probably the most highly centralised Bureaucracy in Europe.

1920 Glasgow Herald 9 Mar. 8 The [American] Government has virtually decided to permit the resumption of trade relations with Soviet Russia.

1925 A. Toynbee Surv. Internat. Affairs 1920–23 369 The new ‘Red’ Army of Soviet Armenia.

1925 A. J. Toynbee Surv. Internat. Affairs 1920–3 370 A Soviet Republic of Georgia was proclaimed.

1928 H. N. Brailsford How Soviets Work vii. 99 What the Soviet Union has done on a small scale for backward races like the Tartars and Bashkirs may one day have immense significance for..central Asia.

1928 Manch. Guardian Weekly 21 Sept. 223/1 A few thousands of Armenians..will not harm the British people even though their form of government be Soviet.

1946 Ann. Reg. 1945 193 It was agreed that the Soviet Union's claims for reparations should be met by removals from the Russian zone in Germany.

1965 M. Michael tr. J. Myrdal Rep. Chinese Village i. 4 In the early 1930s the peasants of northern Shensi..set up their own soviet republic.

1974 tr. A. Snieckus Soviet Lithuania 16 The congress called for a socialist revolution in Lithuania and the establishment of Soviet power.

2. Of, relating to, under the influence of, or living in the U.S.S.R.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Russia, the Russian Empire, or the Soviet Union > [adjective]

Russian1583

Soviet1920

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Asia > native or inhabitant of Russia, the Russian Empire, or the Soviet Union > [adjective]

Russa1525

Muscovite1577

Russian1583

Russie1589

Muscovitish1622

Russic1670

Great Russian1799

Black Russian1827

Russki1835

Rooshian1845

Soviet1920

Mordvian1953

1920 Russian Economist I. 89 This is the secret of ‘bourgeois’ diplomacy, and this riddle is being solved by Soviet diplomacy and with it by all the Russian-speaking people.

1932 Sun (Baltimore) 27 Jan. 12/7 If what is Russia is now known as the Soviet Republic, we should have some adjective similar to ‘French’, ‘American’, etc... ‘Soviet’..has been regularly used—Soviet literature, Soviet morals, and so on.

1935 A. Huxley Let. June (1969) 397 The thing simply turned out to be a series of public meetings organized by the French Communist writers..and by the Russians as a piece of Soviet propaganda.

1964 V. Nabokov Defence xiv. 223 She..bought the latest numbers of émigré magazines and—for comparison—several Soviet magazines and newspapers.

1977 Times 14 June 16/7 He is a Soviet Jew whose family has been refused an exit visa to go to Israel.

in combination.1920 Glasgow Herald 3 Nov. 13 Fifty-two French citizens..reached Paris yesterday from Sovietland.1945 Salt July 17/2 A Jap–Russian conflict would encourage the Soviet-hating ‘Nationalist’ (formerly ‘isolationist’) group.1962 Times 1 Jan. 11/6 The Albanian party lacks the intellectual conditioning of a Soviet-trained leadership.1964 T. B. Bottomore Elites & Soc. vi. 111 The unified elite in Soviet-type societies is contrasted with the plurality of elites in Western-type societies.1978 Detroit Free Press 5 Mar. (Parade Suppl.) 14/4 Romanov would crack down on the mishmash of more than 100 government ministries and independent agencies that create confusion in Sovietland.

3. In combination with adjectives designating another country or people in the sense ‘Soviet and..’, as Soviet-American, Soviet-Chinese, Soviet-German, etc.

ΚΠ

1939 W. S. Churchill in Daily Mirror 24 Aug. 14/2 In view of the Soviet–German intrigue and all other information to hand it is becoming increasingly difficult to see how war can be averted.

1958 Listener 28 Aug. 295/2 The theme of Soviet–Arab friendship.

1965 H. Kahn On Escalation xiii. 249 The U.S. in fact was carefully concerned to limit, if not avoid direct Soviet–American confrontations.

1971 H. Trevelyan Worlds Apart xvi. 177 In Moscow we saw little prospect of any new initiative being successful at that moment when Soviet–Chinese relations were in an uncertain phase of manœuvre.

1978 F. Maclean Take Nine Spies iv. 158 The Soviet–German Pact of August 1939.

Derivatives

Soviˈetic adj. now rare of or relating to the (Russian) Soviet system.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > systems based on specific principle > [adjective] > relating to Soviet system

Soviet1918

Sovietic1920

1920 W. T. Goode Bolshevism at Work 68 The order existing in Sovietic Moscow.

1920 Contemp. Rev. May 754 The Government, whatever the name may be, monarchical, republican, socialistic, sovietic.

1934 H. G. Wells Exper. in Autobiogr. II. ix. 821 I had expected to find a new Russia stirring in its sleep..and I found it sinking deeper into the dope-dream of Sovietic self-sufficiency.

Sovietish adj. belonging to, of the nature of, the Soviets.

ΚΠ

1926 Spectator 29 May 899/2 They [sc. trades unions] are in the hands of small bureaucratic or Soviet-ish oligarchies.

ˈSovietism n. the (Russian) Soviet system.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > systems based on specific principle > [noun] > Soviet communist system

communism1918

Sovietism1919

Russianism1933

1919 E. E. Cummings Let. 7 Nov. (1969) 62 All N.Y.'s radicals are throwing up their hats in celebration of the anniversary of Sovietism.

1920 Glasgow Herald 9 Mar. 7 Roumania, as one of the outposts against Sovietism.

1927 Observer 20 Nov. 10/6 The intolerance which is the common vice of Sovietism and Fascism.

1950 Sun (Baltimore) 4 Jan. 1/8 Controversy over what the Truman Administration..can do to keep Sovietism in China from engulfing Formosa, the last refuge of the Nationalists.

1976 Survey Summer 237 After 1968 Sartre discovered that ultimately his philosophy was more likely to culminate in anarchy than in Sovietism.

ˈSovietist n. rare an adherent of the Soviet system.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > communism > [noun] > other types of communism > adherent of

neo-Communist1908

Sovietist1920

Titoist1946

Titoite1946

Chicom1966

Naxalite1969

Naxal1972

Eurocommunist1975

1920 Glasgow Herald 19 Aug. 7 All Russia, apart from the Sovietists, bears no ill to Poland.

1920 W. T. Goode Bolshevism at Work 67 Meetings of the Sovietists are held every week.

Soviˈetophile adj. that loves the Soviet Union.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social attitudes > patriotism > liking for or sympathy with other nations > [adjective] > specific other nations

Romanizing1711

Russophile1848

pro-British1865

Turcophil1876

pro-Western1890

Sinophile1894

pro-Boer1896

pro-Arab1911

pro-West1921

pro-Israeli1948

Sovietophile1957

Asiacentrist1964

1957 V. Nabokov Pnin iii. 71 Only another Russian could understand the reactionary and Sovietophile blend presented by the pseudo-colorful Komarovs.

ˌSovietoˈphobia n. fear of the Soviet Union (cf. Russophobia n.).

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social attitudes > patriotism > fear or dislike of other nations > [noun] > specific nations

Anglophobia1793

Gallophobia1803

anti-Gallicanism1805

Scotophobia1828

Russophobia1836

anti-Americanism1844

Germanophobia1852

Francophobia1870

Russophobism1875

Sinophobia1876

Teutophobia1876

Judaeophobia1881

Teutonophobia1886

Germophobia1887

Teutophobism1904

anti-Britishism1909

Sovietophobia1955

1955 Bull. Atomic Scientists Jan. 35/3 The strong wine of Sovietophobia on which most of the contributors had dined was just milk for babes at the Burnham table.

1966 Listener 3 Mar. 325/1 This bloody love..which must go on vitiating all our attempts at Sovietophobia.

Soviˈetophobe n.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social attitudes > patriotism > fear or dislike of other nations > [noun] > specific nations > persons

anti-Gallican1755

Russophobist1836

Anglophobist1854

Anglophobe1855

Anglophobiac1862

Russophobe1862

miso-Hellene1868

Turcophobist1877

Judaeophobe1881

Gallophobe1883

Germanophobe1883

Francophobe1885

Turcophobe1896

Teutonophobe1897

Scotophobe1901

anti-Britisher1902

Teutophobe1904

Bulgarophobe1917

Sinophobe1919

mishellene1958

Sovietophobe1980

1980 Daily Tel. 8 July 14 Should not the British media sort out this phobia? Otherwise ‘Sovietophobes’ might well be in danger of alienating the most convinced of their potential allies, i.e. the Russians.

Draft additions September 2007

Soviet bloc n. (also Soviet Bloc) now historical an alliance of countries with similar interests to the Soviet Union; (in later use) spec. the countries of eastern and central Europe under Soviet domination from the end of the Second World War (1939–45) until the collapse of the Soviet communist system (1989–91); cf. Eastern bloc n. at eastern adj. and n. Compounds 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > groups of countries > [noun] > communist or Soviet bloc

Soviet block1919

communist bloc1922

Eastern bloc1922

Soviet bloc1924

Eastern block1938

communist block1941

Second World1974

society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > international agreements > [noun] > alliance or confederacy > an alliance > specific alliances

auld alliance1566

the League1589

armed neutrality1780

German Confederation1786

Germanic Confederation1815

Holy Alliance1823

the Concert of Europe1841

Sonderbund1847

Triplice1896

Soviet block1919

communist bloc1922

Eastern bloc1922

Soviet bloc1924

axis1936

Rome–Berlin Axis1936

Eastern block1938

communist block1941

Western European Union1944

Arab League1945

Western Union1948

Atlantic Pact1949

NATO1949

North Atlantic Treaty Organization1949

Seato1954

W.E.U.1954

Warsaw Pact1955

Atlantic Alliance1958

ASEAN1967

G201972

1924 Washington Post 16 Nov. 3/3 (heading) Soviet Bloc busy.

1930 W. H. Chamberlin Soviet Russia x. 234 A politico-economic Soviet bloc, to be effective, would require the inclusion of Germany.

1947 H. Butler Peace or Power ix. 200 The United Nations..had become the scene of unedifying and sterile wrangles between the Soviet bloc and the rest of the world.

2006 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 13 Nov. a26/5 All of us who worked in the Soviet bloc were surrounded by official ‘nannies’, informers and other spies of all kinds.

Draft additions September 2007

Soviet block n. (also Soviet Block) = Soviet bloc n. at Additions.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > groups of countries > [noun] > communist or Soviet bloc

Soviet block1919

communist bloc1922

Eastern bloc1922

Soviet bloc1924

Eastern block1938

communist block1941

Second World1974

society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > international agreements > [noun] > alliance or confederacy > an alliance > specific alliances

auld alliance1566

the League1589

armed neutrality1780

German Confederation1786

Germanic Confederation1815

Holy Alliance1823

the Concert of Europe1841

Sonderbund1847

Triplice1896

Soviet block1919

communist bloc1922

Eastern bloc1922

Soviet bloc1924

axis1936

Rome–Berlin Axis1936

Eastern block1938

communist block1941

Western European Union1944

Arab League1945

Western Union1948

Atlantic Pact1949

NATO1949

North Atlantic Treaty Organization1949

Seato1954

W.E.U.1954

Warsaw Pact1955

Atlantic Alliance1958

ASEAN1967

G201972

1919 Times 19 Apr. 9 The Soviet block, consisting of Russia, the Ukraine, Germany, and Serbia, would easily be able to deal with the industrial opposition of the capitalistic States.

1961 Ann. Reg. 1960 499 New trade agreements were negotiated also with several countries in the ‘Soviet block’.

1999 Time 27 Sept. 58/3 A story charging that the current Socialist Party leader..worked secretly for the Soviet block starting in 1956.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	soviet
释义	Sovietn.adj. Brit. /ˈsəʊvɪət/, /ˈsɒvɪət/, /ˈsəʊvɪɛt/, /ˈsɒvɪɛt/, U.S. /ˈsoʊviət/, /ˈsoʊviˌɛt/ Forms: Also soviet. Etymology: < Russian sovét council. Now chiefly historical. A. n. 1. a. In the U.S.S.R.: one of a number of elected councils which operated at all levels of government, having legislative and executive functions.The term was also applied to various revolutionary councils set up prior to the establishment of socialist rule in 1917. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > types of body or spec. bodies > [noun] > with reference to foreign countries > in U.S.S.R. Soviet1917 1917 Times 27 July 6/4 (heading) Hostile vote against the Soviet. 1917 Times 8 Sept. 6/4 A meeting of the Central Committee of the Soviet was held..at which the situation on the front was considered. 1917 Spectator 15 Sept. 260/1 The Soviet (the Council of Workmen's and Soldiers' Delegates). 1920 W. T. Goode Bolshevism at Work 69 The Soviet came into power in November 1917. 1920 W. T. Goode Bolshevism at Work 85 Peasant instructors, selected by local Soviets. 1920 Edinb. Rev. July 59 Soviets, i.e., councils or committees of workmen's and soldiers' delegates, are elected in every township, village or rural district for the purpose of local administration. 1930 Times Lit. Suppl. 30 Oct. 880/1 The chairman of the village soviet..may in theory be master in his own limited sphere; in practice he is the servant of a Communist ‘cell’. 1941 E. Strauss Soviet Russia iv. 33 Workers and soldiers..organized their own Councils or Soviets. 1953 B. Miall tr. Y. Delbars Real Stalin vii. 48 The first Soviets of working-class deputies were formed. The president of the Soviet of St. Petersburg was a Menshevik. 1965 B. Pearce tr. E. Preobrazhensky New Econ. 191 No more workers and office-workers are employed by the state, the local soviets, and the co-operatives than are employed in private industry, private trade, and agriculture. 1979 O. Sela Petrograd Consignment 20 During the 1905 uprising in St. Petersburg, together with Rakovsky and Trotsky he [sc. Helphand] had led the Soviet. b. In other countries: a similar council organized on socialist principles. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > types of body or spec. bodies > [noun] > with reference to foreign countries > in U.S.S.R. > similar to elsewhere Soviet1918 1918 Daily Mirror 12 Nov. 2/4 (heading) Berlin Soviet Meets... The first sitting of the Workers' and Soldiers' Council in Berlin was held..this evening in..the Reichstag. 1934 Fundamental Laws Chinese Soviet Republic vi. 79 The First All-China Congress of Soviets of Workers..calls upon the Chinese workers and peasants..to fight resolutely against Sun Yat-Sen. 1977 J. Cleary High Road to China ii. 45 The Bolshevists..in Saxony..have taken over some of the towns, declared soviets. c. transferred and figurative. ΚΠ 1945 Tee Emm (Air Ministry) 5 40 Pistons, connecting rods, and other vitals cease to follow the paths their designer intended and form a sort of Soviet of miscellaneous salvage. 1947 J. G. Crowther & R. Whiddington Sci. at War 86 Owing to their character of complete equality and outspokenness, these meetings were called ‘Sunday Soviets’. 1972 History Workshop Pamphlet No. 6. 26 The cavilling system..was an embryo of workers' control... It was a little Soviet which had grown up within the capitalist system. 2. A citizen of the U.S.S.R. Chiefly in plural (hence loosely, = the Soviet Union or its leaders). ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Asia > native or inhabitant of Russia, the Russian Empire, or the Soviet Union > [noun] Muscovite1535 Russ1537 Russian1538 Muscovian1577 Muscoviter1650 White Russian1659 Great Russian1783 bear1804 Rooshian1838 Soviet1920 Ivan1925 society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > [noun] > the government of Russia Moscow1920 Soviet1920 The Kremlin1933 1920 Commercial & Financial Chron. 24 Jan. 288/1 He [sc. Clemenceau] insisted upon writing the final paragraph, ‘affirming that the Allies had not changed their attitude towards the Soviets’. 1930 Amer. Speech 6 121 (heading) Jailed Soviets go on hunger strike. 1943 W. S. Churchill End of Beginning 221 The Soviets had to repel the terrific onslaught of Germany. 1959 Daily Tel. 7 Feb. 11/4 President Eisenhower, seeking one word to cover citizens of the Soviet Union, has braved the criticism of purists and adopted the term ‘Soviets’. 1964 R. A. Butler in Listener 13 Aug. 222/2 I am sure that the Soviets are not plotting a war against us, or anything like that, at the present time. 1977 C. McCarry Secret Lovers iii. 34 ‘Who did Bülow meet in Dresden?’.. ‘A Soviet, an Army captain named Kalmyk.’ B. adj. 1. Of, relating to, or having, a system of government based on soviets; Soviet Union: the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Russia, the Russian Empire, or the Soviet Union > [noun] bear1794 Russian Federation1886 Soviet Union1918 Bolshevisia1919 Bolshevy1921 U.S.S.R.1927 narod1938 red land1942 Sov1967 society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > systems based on specific principle > [adjective] > relating to Soviet system Soviet1918 Sovietic1920 1918 Decrees issued by Revolutionary Peoples Govt. I. 11 The Soviet Government does not look backward, but forward. 1920 W. T. Goode Bolshevism at Work 33 The Working of a Factory in Soviet Russia. 1920 W. T. Goode Bolshevism at Work 65 The Soviet Republic. 1920 19th Cent. Mar. 521 The Soviet Government is now probably the most highly centralised Bureaucracy in Europe. 1920 Glasgow Herald 9 Mar. 8 The [American] Government has virtually decided to permit the resumption of trade relations with Soviet Russia. 1925 A. Toynbee Surv. Internat. Affairs 1920–23 369 The new ‘Red’ Army of Soviet Armenia. 1925 A. J. Toynbee Surv. Internat. Affairs 1920–3 370 A Soviet Republic of Georgia was proclaimed. 1928 H. N. Brailsford How Soviets Work vii. 99 What the Soviet Union has done on a small scale for backward races like the Tartars and Bashkirs may one day have immense significance for..central Asia. 1928 Manch. Guardian Weekly 21 Sept. 223/1 A few thousands of Armenians..will not harm the British people even though their form of government be Soviet. 1946 Ann. Reg. 1945 193 It was agreed that the Soviet Union's claims for reparations should be met by removals from the Russian zone in Germany. 1965 M. Michael tr. J. Myrdal Rep. Chinese Village i. 4 In the early 1930s the peasants of northern Shensi..set up their own soviet republic. 1974 tr. A. Snieckus Soviet Lithuania 16 The congress called for a socialist revolution in Lithuania and the establishment of Soviet power. 2. Of, relating to, under the influence of, or living in the U.S.S.R. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Russia, the Russian Empire, or the Soviet Union > [adjective] Russian1583 Soviet1920 the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Asia > native or inhabitant of Russia, the Russian Empire, or the Soviet Union > [adjective] Russa1525 Muscovite1577 Russian1583 Russie1589 Muscovitish1622 Russic1670 Great Russian1799 Black Russian1827 Russki1835 Rooshian1845 Soviet1920 Mordvian1953 1920 Russian Economist I. 89 This is the secret of ‘bourgeois’ diplomacy, and this riddle is being solved by Soviet diplomacy and with it by all the Russian-speaking people. 1932 Sun (Baltimore) 27 Jan. 12/7 If what is Russia is now known as the Soviet Republic, we should have some adjective similar to ‘French’, ‘American’, etc... ‘Soviet’..has been regularly used—Soviet literature, Soviet morals, and so on. 1935 A. Huxley Let. June (1969) 397 The thing simply turned out to be a series of public meetings organized by the French Communist writers..and by the Russians as a piece of Soviet propaganda. 1964 V. Nabokov Defence xiv. 223 She..bought the latest numbers of émigré magazines and—for comparison—several Soviet magazines and newspapers. 1977 Times 14 June 16/7 He is a Soviet Jew whose family has been refused an exit visa to go to Israel. in combination.1920 Glasgow Herald 3 Nov. 13 Fifty-two French citizens..reached Paris yesterday from Sovietland.1945 Salt July 17/2 A Jap–Russian conflict would encourage the Soviet-hating ‘Nationalist’ (formerly ‘isolationist’) group.1962 Times 1 Jan. 11/6 The Albanian party lacks the intellectual conditioning of a Soviet-trained leadership.1964 T. B. Bottomore Elites & Soc. vi. 111 The unified elite in Soviet-type societies is contrasted with the plurality of elites in Western-type societies.1978 Detroit Free Press 5 Mar. (Parade Suppl.) 14/4 Romanov would crack down on the mishmash of more than 100 government ministries and independent agencies that create confusion in Sovietland. 3. In combination with adjectives designating another country or people in the sense ‘Soviet and..’, as Soviet-American, Soviet-Chinese, Soviet-German, etc. ΚΠ 1939 W. S. Churchill in Daily Mirror 24 Aug. 14/2 In view of the Soviet–German intrigue and all other information to hand it is becoming increasingly difficult to see how war can be averted. 1958 Listener 28 Aug. 295/2 The theme of Soviet–Arab friendship. 1965 H. Kahn On Escalation xiii. 249 The U.S. in fact was carefully concerned to limit, if not avoid direct Soviet–American confrontations. 1971 H. Trevelyan Worlds Apart xvi. 177 In Moscow we saw little prospect of any new initiative being successful at that moment when Soviet–Chinese relations were in an uncertain phase of manœuvre. 1978 F. Maclean Take Nine Spies iv. 158 The Soviet–German Pact of August 1939. Derivatives Soviˈetic adj. now rare of or relating to the (Russian) Soviet system. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > systems based on specific principle > [adjective] > relating to Soviet system Soviet1918 Sovietic1920 1920 W. T. Goode Bolshevism at Work 68 The order existing in Sovietic Moscow. 1920 Contemp. Rev. May 754 The Government, whatever the name may be, monarchical, republican, socialistic, sovietic. 1934 H. G. Wells Exper. in Autobiogr. II. ix. 821 I had expected to find a new Russia stirring in its sleep..and I found it sinking deeper into the dope-dream of Sovietic self-sufficiency. Sovietish adj. belonging to, of the nature of, the Soviets. ΚΠ 1926 Spectator 29 May 899/2 They [sc. trades unions] are in the hands of small bureaucratic or Soviet-ish oligarchies. ˈSovietism n. the (Russian) Soviet system. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > systems based on specific principle > [noun] > Soviet communist system communism1918 Sovietism1919 Russianism1933 1919 E. E. Cummings Let. 7 Nov. (1969) 62 All N.Y.'s radicals are throwing up their hats in celebration of the anniversary of Sovietism. 1920 Glasgow Herald 9 Mar. 7 Roumania, as one of the outposts against Sovietism. 1927 Observer 20 Nov. 10/6 The intolerance which is the common vice of Sovietism and Fascism. 1950 Sun (Baltimore) 4 Jan. 1/8 Controversy over what the Truman Administration..can do to keep Sovietism in China from engulfing Formosa, the last refuge of the Nationalists. 1976 Survey Summer 237 After 1968 Sartre discovered that ultimately his philosophy was more likely to culminate in anarchy than in Sovietism. ˈSovietist n. rare an adherent of the Soviet system. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > communism > [noun] > other types of communism > adherent of neo-Communist1908 Sovietist1920 Titoist1946 Titoite1946 Chicom1966 Naxalite1969 Naxal1972 Eurocommunist1975 1920 Glasgow Herald 19 Aug. 7 All Russia, apart from the Sovietists, bears no ill to Poland. 1920 W. T. Goode Bolshevism at Work 67 Meetings of the Sovietists are held every week. Soviˈetophile adj. that loves the Soviet Union. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social attitudes > patriotism > liking for or sympathy with other nations > [adjective] > specific other nations Romanizing1711 Russophile1848 pro-British1865 Turcophil1876 pro-Western1890 Sinophile1894 pro-Boer1896 pro-Arab1911 pro-West1921 pro-Israeli1948 Sovietophile1957 Asiacentrist1964 1957 V. Nabokov Pnin iii. 71 Only another Russian could understand the reactionary and Sovietophile blend presented by the pseudo-colorful Komarovs. ˌSovietoˈphobia n. fear of the Soviet Union (cf. Russophobia n.). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social attitudes > patriotism > fear or dislike of other nations > [noun] > specific nations Anglophobia1793 Gallophobia1803 anti-Gallicanism1805 Scotophobia1828 Russophobia1836 anti-Americanism1844 Germanophobia1852 Francophobia1870 Russophobism1875 Sinophobia1876 Teutophobia1876 Judaeophobia1881 Teutonophobia1886 Germophobia1887 Teutophobism1904 anti-Britishism1909 Sovietophobia1955 1955 Bull. Atomic Scientists Jan. 35/3 The strong wine of Sovietophobia on which most of the contributors had dined was just milk for babes at the Burnham table. 1966 Listener 3 Mar. 325/1 This bloody love..which must go on vitiating all our attempts at Sovietophobia. Soviˈetophobe n. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social attitudes > patriotism > fear or dislike of other nations > [noun] > specific nations > persons anti-Gallican1755 Russophobist1836 Anglophobist1854 Anglophobe1855 Anglophobiac1862 Russophobe1862 miso-Hellene1868 Turcophobist1877 Judaeophobe1881 Gallophobe1883 Germanophobe1883 Francophobe1885 Turcophobe1896 Teutonophobe1897 Scotophobe1901 anti-Britisher1902 Teutophobe1904 Bulgarophobe1917 Sinophobe1919 mishellene1958 Sovietophobe1980 1980 Daily Tel. 8 July 14 Should not the British media sort out this phobia? Otherwise ‘Sovietophobes’ might well be in danger of alienating the most convinced of their potential allies, i.e. the Russians. Draft additions September 2007 Soviet bloc n. (also Soviet Bloc) now historical an alliance of countries with similar interests to the Soviet Union; (in later use) spec. the countries of eastern and central Europe under Soviet domination from the end of the Second World War (1939–45) until the collapse of the Soviet communist system (1989–91); cf. Eastern bloc n. at eastern adj. and n. Compounds 1. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > groups of countries > [noun] > communist or Soviet bloc Soviet block1919 communist bloc1922 Eastern bloc1922 Soviet bloc1924 Eastern block1938 communist block1941 Second World1974 society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > international agreements > [noun] > alliance or confederacy > an alliance > specific alliances auld alliance1566 the League1589 armed neutrality1780 German Confederation1786 Germanic Confederation1815 Holy Alliance1823 the Concert of Europe1841 Sonderbund1847 Triplice1896 Soviet block1919 communist bloc1922 Eastern bloc1922 Soviet bloc1924 axis1936 Rome–Berlin Axis1936 Eastern block1938 communist block1941 Western European Union1944 Arab League1945 Western Union1948 Atlantic Pact1949 NATO1949 North Atlantic Treaty Organization1949 Seato1954 W.E.U.1954 Warsaw Pact1955 Atlantic Alliance1958 ASEAN1967 G201972 1924 Washington Post 16 Nov. 3/3 (heading) Soviet Bloc busy. 1930 W. H. Chamberlin Soviet Russia x. 234 A politico-economic Soviet bloc, to be effective, would require the inclusion of Germany. 1947 H. Butler Peace or Power ix. 200 The United Nations..had become the scene of unedifying and sterile wrangles between the Soviet bloc and the rest of the world. 2006 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 13 Nov. a26/5 All of us who worked in the Soviet bloc were surrounded by official ‘nannies’, informers and other spies of all kinds. Draft additions September 2007 Soviet block n. (also Soviet Block) = Soviet bloc n. at Additions. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > groups of countries > [noun] > communist or Soviet bloc Soviet block1919 communist bloc1922 Eastern bloc1922 Soviet bloc1924 Eastern block1938 communist block1941 Second World1974 society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > international agreements > [noun] > alliance or confederacy > an alliance > specific alliances auld alliance1566 the League1589 armed neutrality1780 German Confederation1786 Germanic Confederation1815 Holy Alliance1823 the Concert of Europe1841 Sonderbund1847 Triplice1896 Soviet block1919 communist bloc1922 Eastern bloc1922 Soviet bloc1924 axis1936 Rome–Berlin Axis1936 Eastern block1938 communist block1941 Western European Union1944 Arab League1945 Western Union1948 Atlantic Pact1949 NATO1949 North Atlantic Treaty Organization1949 Seato1954 W.E.U.1954 Warsaw Pact1955 Atlantic Alliance1958 ASEAN1967 G201972 1919 Times 19 Apr. 9 The Soviet block, consisting of Russia, the Ukraine, Germany, and Serbia, would easily be able to deal with the industrial opposition of the capitalistic States. 1961 Ann. Reg. 1960 499 New trade agreements were negotiated also with several countries in the ‘Soviet block’. 1999 Time 27 Sept. 58/3 A story charging that the current Socialist Party leader..worked secretly for the Soviet block starting in 1956. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1917
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