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sovereignn.adj.   /ˈsɒvrɪn/Etymology: < Old French soverain, souverein, etc. (modern French souverain ), = Italian sovrano (see sovran adj. and n.), Spanish soberano, Portuguese soberano < popular Latin *superānus, < super above. Compare Middle Dutch sov(e)rein, souverein, soferein. A. n. 1. society > authority > [noun] > those in authority > person in authority > person in supreme authority α. c1290 I. 74 For, sire king, þou art mi souerein, and þe erchebischop al-so. c1315 Shoreham iv. 262 Who yst þat neuer nas rebel Aȝeins hys souerayn? c1386 G. Chaucer ⁋506 Murmuryng eek is ofte among servauntz, that grucchen whan here soverayns bidden hem to doon leeful thinges. c1449 I. 78 To my Sovereyn, John Paston. a1470 (1496) clxxxvi. 181 I suppose that my lege lorde the kynge bydde me do a thynge, and my mayster or my souerayn bydde me do the contrarye. 1559 W. Baldwin et al. Edward IV. v. 83 b For I am departed vntill doomes day: But love you that lord that is soveraine of all. society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > married person > married man > [noun] > husband 1390 J. Gower I. 71 The Prestes tho gon hom ayein, And sche goth to hire sovereign. a1400 223 We siked wel sore, For sert of hire souereyn and for hire owne sake. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich (1904) I. l. 6336 To hire lord & souerayn seide sche than: ‘My sovereyn,’ sche seide, ‘ȝowre owne am J.’ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [noun] > excellent person or thing a1513 W. Dunbar (1998) I. 168 Haill, of all flouris quene and souerane. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart I. ii. 2 They in all theyr dedis were so valyant that they ought to be reputed as soueraignes in all chyualry. 1635 A. Stafford 94 This soveraigne of her sexe. 1695 Ld. Preston tr. Boethius iii. 96 We have already defined Happiness to be the Soveraign of Goods. society > law > legal right > [noun] > civil rights > one possessing 1846 in (1905) III. 412 Thousands of children in our state have not received even the trifling aid which these [public] funds afford... This fact illustrates the situation of thousands of the future sovereigns of our beloved State. 1861 Mar. 570/1 Deacon E—— lived out West... The ‘sovereigns’ of that section met in caucus to appoint delegates to a County Convention. 1869 ‘M. Twain’ xi. 100 I am a free-born sovereign, sir, an American. 2. spec.society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > [noun] α. 1297 (Rolls) 5183 Þat folc of estangle vnderuenge þere King egbriȝt to hor souereyn. a1340 R. Rolle lxviii. 28 Sugetis þat ere folouers of þaire soueraynes. c1440 94 In Surre.., Where my fader is kyng and souerayne. c1540 (?a1400) 1669 For the souerayn hym selfe was a sete rioll. 1590 E. Spenser ii. x. sig. Y4 Who after long debate..Was of the Britons first crownd Soueraine. 1741 C. Middleton I. v. 380 Clodius..granted this Priesthood to one Brogitarus, a petty Soverein in those parts, to whom he had before given the title of King. 1592 T. Kyd iii. sig. I Come Bel-imperi[a],..My sorrowes ease and soueraigne of my blisse. 1598 W. Shakespeare iii. i. 177 Dan Cupid, Regent of Loue-rimes,..Th' annoynted soueraigne of sighes and groones. 1616 T. Scot sig. B5v The knight..they crown The Soueraigne of glory and renowne. 1821 P. B. Shelley 30 Weak Verses, go, kneel at your Sovereign's feet. †3. society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > municipal magistrate > [noun] > chief magistrate or mayor a1325 (2011) xiii. 67 Ant anquestes..ben imad in tounes þoru him þat is souerein of þe toune. 1399 W. Langland iv. 32 Whanne it drowe to þe day..Þat souereynes were semblid, and þe schire-knyȝtis. c1450 ‘ D ’ 205 Diligent execucioun of all that ye shall be chargid of be your sovereynys of this Cite, ye shall performe. 1538 in P. H. Hore (1900) I. 237 When the Suffrain herde herof he soghte for the said Watkyne..who..bade the Suffrayne take the offendors. 1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay ii. 20 If any man tell of many Magistrates; we will by and by inquire for the soueraigne. 1617 F. Moryson ii. 287 The 26 day his Lordship wrote to the Soveraigne of Wexford. 1696 No. 3178/4 The Association of the Soveraign, Burgesses, and Commonalty of the Borough of Carlingford in Ireland. 1713 in P. H. Hore (1900) I. 104 John Ivory, the present Sovereign of the town of New Ross, and his Successors Sovereigns of the said Town. 1762 J. Wesley (1872) III. 90 A dancing-master was busily employed in the..market house [at Belfast]; till at twelve the sovereign put him out, by holding his court there. society > faith > church government > monasticism > religious superior > conventual head > [noun] 14.. Rule Syon Monastery liii, in (1834) I. 31 The sovereyne..owethe to se that none have more than nedethe nor lasse. 1528–30 tr. T. Littleton (new ed.) f. xviv So may the lorde haue an accyon agaynst the soueraygne of the house that taketh & admytteth his vylayne to be professed. 1530 (Fawkes) (1873) 1st Prol. 2 Obedyence to the byddynges of god, and of youre reule, and of youre soueraynes. 1534 c. 3 §8 At the..pleasures of their masters & soueraines of the monasteries and priories. 4. society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > other English gold coins (a) 1503–4 c. 5 §1 All maner of Gold of the Coynes of a Sovereyn, Halfe Sovereyn, Riall, half Ryall..shall go and be curraunt in payment through all this..Realme. 1526 IV. ii. 1149 [The King intends..to order by proclamation that the angel.. shall be current for 7s. 6d.,..the sovereign 22s. 6d., the demy-sovereign 11s. 3d.] 1543 R. Record i. sig. M.vi A Souerayne is ye greatest Englysh coyne, and contayneth..4 crownes and an halfe, that is to saye 22s. 6d. 1551 in J. Strype (1822) III. 45 The old sovereign of fine gold which shall be current for thirty shillings of lawful money of England... A whole sovereign of crown gold which shall be current for twenty shillings. 1591 in W. Greenwell (1860) II. 190 To Mr. Doctor Colmore a trible severignt, beinge thirtie shilling peyce. 1611 in R. F. Williams (1848) (modernized text) I. 147 Raising..the angel and sovereign to eleven shillings, and the Jacobite piece to two and twenty. 1688 R. Holme iii. 29/1 The Soveraign, Coined by Henry the Eighth, Edward the Sixth, Queen Elizabeth, King James,..passed for eleven shillings. 1726–31 N. Tindal tr. P. Rapin de Thoyras (1743) II. xvii. 157 By an Indenture of 2d. of Elizabeth, a pound weight of Gold..was coined..into 24 Sovereigns, at thirty Shillings a piece. 1726–31 N. Tindal tr. P. Rapin de Thoyras (1743) II. xvii. 157 A pound weight of Crown Gold of 22 Carats fine, and 2 Carats alloy, was coined into..33 Sovereigns at twenty Shillings a piece. 1853 H. N. Humphreys II. 446 To distinguish it from the previous rial, it was determined to call it a ‘sovereign’. 1853 H. N. Humphreys II. 449 [etc.]. society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > coin of twenty shillings 1817 1 July That certain pieces of gold money should be coined, which should be called ‘sovereigns or twenty shilling pieces’. 1827 P. Cunningham II. xxvii. 164 Sovereigns are the next most advisable articles, and lastly dollars. 1840 T. Hood 24 I'd give a guinea, that's to say a sovereign, to know what it is. 1882 J. Parker I. 142 What a ‘wonder’ it would be for some of us to ever give a sovereign to any good cause upon earth! the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > pear > other types of 1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 72 in Pears. Windsor, Soveraign, Orange. B. adj.the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [adjective] > specifically of person c1330 R. Mannyng (Rolls) 13214 Souereyne knyghtes þey were, hit seys. c1386 G. Chaucer 991 To him that is so soverayn of honour. 1402 (Rolls) II. 60 Seraphin he is the sovereynest, in charite he brennith. 1493 (de Worde) xvii. sig. Diiv/2 It is yeuen, & sende vs, fro our louyng fader. and fro our souereyne leche. 1547 tr. A. de Marcourt (new ed.) c vj He [sc. a cardinal] is alredy in the way and nygh to be hymself the great hatmaker, or souerayn haberdasher. a1577 G. Gascoigne Princelie Pleasures Kenelworth sig. A.viijv, in (1587) And that the maide released be, by soveraigne maidens might. 1725 J. Collier 243 As there is one Being sovereign to all the rest, and upon whom they all depend. 2. the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [adjective] > most important > of things > other α. c1340 R. Rolle 7860 Bot þe mast soverayne ioy of alle Es þe syght of Godes bryght face. c1383 in Oct. (1911) 748 Prestis owen to make þe sacramentis of holi chirche wiþ souerayn deuocioun. 1450–80 tr. xx. 17 The souereyne wisdome of god hath ordeynyd the coldes and the hetis. 1485 W. Caxton tr. (1957) 25 Of whos comyng messyr Iaques had souerayn playsyr. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara (1546) sig. Ee.v Me think it shulde be a souerayn foly. 1590 E. Spenser ii. vii. sig. S3v The antique world..The guifts of soueraine bounty did embrace. 1702 C. Beaumont (new ed.) vi. xliii. 72 A Realm..Where every Ejulation, every Pain Alas, is too too truly Soverain. the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > [noun] > highest good a1340 R. Rolle iv. 8 A souereyn goed þai may noght se. c1380 Antecrist in J. H. Todd (1851) 118 In þe first boke of souereynest good. 1474 W. Caxton tr. (1883) iii. ii. 86 Fayth is a souerayn good and cometh of the good wyll of the herte. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville (Vitell.) l. 5900 I wende trewly..That O gret Good most souereyn Sholde..Make a thyng ffor to be ful. 1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye II. 5 All things belonging to the saluation and soueraigne good of men. 1625 F. Bacon (new ed.) 3 The knowledge of Truth..is the Soueraigne Good of humane Nature. 1692 tr. C. de Saint-Évremond 333 Of all the Opinions of Philosophers concerning the Sovereign Good. 1738 J. Wesley (new ed.) iv. vii Thou hast on me bestow'd..The Taste Divine, the Sovereign Good. 1744 J. Harris iii. i. 114 The Sovereign Good is that, the Possession of which renders us Happy. a1871 G. Grote (1876) v. 137 To promote the accomplishment of his supreme purpose—the Sovereign Good of the Community. the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adjective] > of the very highest degree 1749 H. Fielding I. i. vii. 130 Which at last ended, on the Side of the Lady, in a sovereign Contempt for her Husband. View more context for this quotation 1794 A. Radcliffe III. v. 109 You hold in sovereign contempt these common failings of your sex. 1825 T. Hook 2nd Ser. I. 125 The respect..turned into the most sovereign contempt for his meanness. 1886 F. Harrison 88 The great books..are treated by collectors and librarians with sovereign contempt. the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [adjective] > efficacious > supremely effective the world > action or operation > advantage > efficacy > [adjective] > greatly > in the utmost degree α. 1377 W. Langland B. xx. 370 Þe souereynest salue for alkyn synnes. 1390 J. Gower III. 131 Of Planteine He hath his herbe sovereine. 1493 (de Worde) iv. sig. Av/1 And this is a souerayn medicyn to al temptacions. a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. (Rawl.) (1898) 197 Oryson is Souerayn remedy in euery trybulacion. 1549 E. Allen tr. L. Juda Paraphr. Reuelacion S. John f. 37, in M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus II The leaves, frute and sappe of these holy trees, were very holesome and soveraine. 1588 R. Greene sig. Biiiv A soueraine simple against disquiet & feare. 1633 Bp. J. Hall ii. 327 But how soveraine soever it [the Gospel] was of it selfe, yet it was not at all available to the good of many of them. 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius 200 There is also in this Province a Drug very soverain against the Worms. the world > space > relative position > high position > [adjective] a1425 (c1395) (Royal) (1850) Prov. viii. 2 Whether wisdom crieth not ofte..In souereyneste and hiȝ coppis. 5. society > authority > [adjective] > supreme (of authority) > having supreme authority α. 1340 (1866) 189 Þanne ssel he keste his greate manzinge as þe heȝe bissop an souerayn pope. c1400 (Roxb.) xiii. 56 Þai schall com..before Godd þe souerayne Iugge. c1450 (c1350) (Bodl.) (1929) l. 811 Þus Dindimus þe dere king enditeþ his sonde And God bysecheþ to save þe soveraine prinse. 1472–3 VI. 5/2 The soverayn Ruler or Keper of such Castell, Towne,..or other place. 1563 Of Repentance ii Our sauiour Jesus Christ..beynge our souerayne Byshop. 1598 B. Yong tr. G. Polo Enamoured Diana in tr. J. de Montemayor 456 O soueraine God! that once I might but knowe Greefe without hope to sease vpon thy soule. α. c1374 G. Chaucer 252 Me þat ye callid your mastresse, Youre soverayne ladye. a1375 (c1350) (1867) l. 3954 I sette ȝou for no soudiour but for souerayn lord, to lede al þis lordschip as ȝou likes euer. 1414 IV. 22 Oure soverain Lord, youre humble and trewe lieges [etc.]. 1459 V. 369/2 The seid Lord had sent his servaunt to oure Soverayne Lady the Quene. 1530 J. Palsgrave 478/2 She hath ben his soverayne lady. 1590 E. Spenser ii. x. sig. X6 Locrine was left the soueraine Lord of all. society > authority > [adjective] > supreme (of authority) > having supreme authority > of state or community a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) v. ii. 82 I am too high-borne to be..Instrument To any Soueraigne State throughout the world. View more context for this quotation 1682 A. Mudie ii. 23 The King is..a free Prince of Sovereign Power. 1772 i. 67 The Baron..has been condemned by the sovereign courts to be kept 15 days in prison. 1819 J. Marshall (1839) 160 The defendant, a sovereign state, denies the obligation of a law enacted by the legislature of the union [etc.]. 1835 T. Mitchell in tr. Aristophanes 448 (note) Athens had still its law of libel, by which the majesty of the sovereign people was protected. 1868 T. M. Cooley i A State is called a sovereign State when this supreme power resides within itself. society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > [adjective] > types of loan 1977 102 This..may have improved the quality of the banks' loan portfolio..but what about the corresponding rise in the country of ‘sovereign’ risks? 1982 8 Dec. 21/4 Only £26 million was set aside as a general provision, which is where the bank is believed to take account of sovereign loans. 1983 3 Mar. 17/3 The report calls for much greater availability of information about sovereign lending. society > authority > [adjective] > supreme (of authority) society > authority > power > [adjective] > of power: great or supreme ?1533 G. Du Wes sig. Siv Most redouted imperiall myght and souerayne maiesty. 1595 G. Markham lii Shee giues him soueraigne rule, and publique right. 1643 W. Prynne i. 101 That the Soveraignest power and jurisdiction..resides in the whole Kingdom and Parliament. 1676 J. Dryden i. 3 In change of Government, The Rabble..Do Sovereign Justice. 1759 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. iii, in (1813) I. 181 The sovereign authority was by this treaty transferred wholly into the hands of the congregation. 1851 W. H. Dixon vii. 231 The sovereign power resided in the governor and freemen of the province. 1878 B. Stewart & P. G. Tait Introd. 14 This sovereign and paramount influence. society > authority > [adjective] > supreme (of authority) > relating to supreme authority 1609 W. Shakespeare xxxiii. sig. C3v Fvll many a glorious morning haue I seene, Flatter the mountaine tops with soueraine eie. View more context for this quotation 1725 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer I. i. 171 He led the Goddess to the sovereign seat. 1850 L. Hunt II. xiv. 141 Disobedience..was an offence doubly irritating to his nature on account of his sovereign habits as a jailer. 1870 J. R. Lowell (1873) 1st Ser. 324 He really sees things with their sovereign eye. Draft additions October 20112005 A. Rozanov in (Electronic ed.) 20 May Typically, sovereign wealth funds are a by-product of national budget surpluses, accumulated over the years due to favourable macroeconomic, trade and fiscal positions, coupled with long-term budget planning and spending restraint. 2006 July–Aug. 89/1 The growth of sovereign wealth funds seems very likely to continue. 2008 18 Feb. (Business section) b1/3 The rise of sovereign wealth funds (SWFs), which have evolved as countries opted to invest capital in financial instruments as well as currencies and government bonds. 2010 12 Oct. 33/4 We have had lots of expressions of interest, from sovereign wealth funds, private equity firms and even some pension funds. Draft additions January 20181780 tr. Decree Queen Maria I of Portugal in 9 Oct. There may not continue the disturbances which sometimes have happened in consequence of a want of respect to..the Sovereign immunity of my territory. 1842 Mar. 429 A state, which, resting upon its sovereign immunity, declares itself above compulsion. 1869 T. Sedgwick (ed. 5) iii. 121 To maintain that corporations holding grants of public franchises, possess sovereign immunity against liability for damages, leads to the unjust rule that no redress can be had for damages resulting from their acts. 1927 76 227 The doctrine of sovereign immunity in England was originally purely personal to the king. 1956 27 June 13/5 The Government of Pakistan had informed the Westminster Bank that it was not prepared to waive its sovereign immunity. 2004 14 Mar. 52/2 [The] District Court in Washington ruled that the allegations against the princes, as Saudi officials, were not enough to surmount sovereign immunity..that protects states and their officials not just from liability but also from lawsuits. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † sovereignv.Etymology: < sovereign n. Obsolete. rare. society > authority > rule or government > sole rule > rule over as monarch [verb (transitive)] > deal with as 1585 R. Williams in J. L. Motley (1860) I. 333 Unless her Majesty do sovereign them presently. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2021). <  n.adj.c1290 v.1585 |