spectatorn.

Brit.

/spɛkˈteɪtə/, U.S.

/ˈspɛkˌteɪdər/

Forms: Also 1500s–1600s spectatour.

Etymology: < Latin spectātor, agent-noun < spectāre to look, whence also French spectateur (1540), Italian spettatore, Spanish espectador, Portuguese espectador.

a. A person who sees, or looks on at, some scene or occurrence; a beholder, onlooker, observer.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > one who sees > [noun] > beholder or spectator

showerOE

beholderc1374

lookera1382

espiouressc1430

considererc1449

overseerc1450

regarder1525

surveyor1558

viewer1565

spectatora1586

regardant1590

aspector1603

supervisor1610

eyer1611

spectatrix1611

spectatress1632

speculator1647

contemplator1658

attender1665

espier1860

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. x. sig. V1 [He] thought no eyes of sufficient credite in such a matter, but his owne; and therefore came him selfe to be actor, and spectator.

1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 53 There is a true saying that the spectator oftimes sees more then the gamster.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxxi. 189 A signe is not a signe to him that giveth it, but to him to whom it is made; that is, to the spectator.

1677 W. Hubbard Narrative (1865) I. 16 In such Passages as were variously reported by the Actors, or Spectators, that which seemed most probable is only inserted.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth II. 205 Even the agonies of the former, rather terrify the spectators, than torment the patient.

1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho III. xiii. 437 Henri was a silent and astonished spectator of the scene.

1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pelham I. xvi. 113 There is some trick afloat to which we may as well be spectators.

1841 G. P. R. James Brigand xxxii The hall was totally void of spectators.

†b. spec. A scientific observer. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > branch of knowledge > systematic knowledge, science > [noun] > scientist > relying on observation or experiment

empiric?c1425

observer1611

empirical philosophera1626

spectator1646

empiricist1867

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica i. iv. 13 They were conceived by their first spectators, to be but one animall.

1787 E. Darwin et al. tr. C. Linnaeus et al. Families of Plants I. 259 Jacquin, Brown, and other Spectators consider it as a distinct Genus.

a. spec. A person who is present at, and has a view or sight of, anything in the nature of a show or spectacle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > one who sees > [noun] > beholder or spectator > at a show or spectacle

spectator1590

punter1976

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. iv. sig. Q The treachour..Me leading, in a secret corner layd, The sad spectatour of my Tragedie.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iv. i. 20 Imagine me (Gentle Spectators) that I now may be In faire Bohemia.

1690 T. Burnet Theory of Earth iv. 214 This being the last act and close of all humane affairs, it ought to..satisfie the spectators, and end in a general applause.

1716 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 14 Sept. (1965) I. 268 All the men of Quality at Vienna were Spectators.

1785 W. Cowper Task v. 878 Gods..that sit Amus'd spectators of this bustling stage.

1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park I. xviii. 345 Fanny began to be their only audience—and sometimes as prompter, sometimes as spectator—was often very useful.

1855 C. Kingsley Westward Ho! xxvi He had been a pitying spectator of the tragedy.

1897 ‘S. Tytler’ Lady Jean's Son x. 178 The opposite houses, crowded from top to bottom with spectators.

attributive.1658 A. Cokayne Small Poems 126 When they have danced all they intended, the Lar, or one of the Masquers invites the Spectator-Ladyes with this song to joyn with them.1891 Daily News 12 Oct. 3/5 The spectator portion of the baths was crowded to its utmost capacity.

b. spectator sport n. a sport which affords good entertainment for spectators as well as for participants. Also transferred and figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > [noun]

field sport1580

team game1885

team sport1896

spectator sport1943

board sport1981

1943 Amer. Speech 18 95 The American ‘spectator~sports’ (of clothes) has been mistranslated in at least one advertisement [in New Zealand] as ‘spectacular-sports’.

1944 M. Laski Love on Supertax xi. 109 Burn all those clothes you've got on.. and get back into a decent unpretentious spectator-sports-suit.

1954 Encounter Feb. 57/1 The fascination of the great spectator-sports—soccer, athletics, cricket, lawn tennis—is partly due to the effect of the game on its audience.

1969 ‘A. Glyn’ Dragon Variation ix. 268 Well, call this [sc. chess] a spectator sport, twenty goddam minutes and nobody's moved a thing. Give me tennis!

1975 New Yorker 10 Feb. 110/3 With hard times upon us there may be a question in the minds of even the least dedicated office~holders both here and in Albany about how long their hard-pressed constituents will let them get away with treating representative government as a minor spectator sport.

1979 Guardian 12 June 8/1 Watching election coverage all through the night is a great spectator sport.

3. Used as the title of various periodical publications. Also in combinations.Frequently with distinguishing epithets, as The Catholic, Country, Modern, Monthly, Provincial, Temperance Spectator (published at various dates between 1792 and 1866).

ΚΠ

1711–14 J. Addison Spectator (title) The Spectator.

1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 20. ¶2 Ever since the Spectator appear'd.

1714 J. Addison Spectator No. 567. ¶8 I intend shortly to publish a Spectator that shall not have a single Vowel in it.

1728–37 (title) The Universal Spectator, and Weekly Journal.

1744 E. Haywood Female Spectator I. 5 Whatever Productions I shall be favour'd with from these Ladies..will be exhibited under the general Title of The Female Spectator.

1755 H. Walpole Lett. (1846) III. 178 The Spectator-hacked phrases.

1828– (title) The Spectator. A weekly journal of news, politics, literature, and science.

Derivatives

specˈtatordom n. spectators collectively.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > one who sees > [noun] > beholder or spectator > at a show or spectacle > audience

spectatory1831

spectatorship1833

spectatordom1854

crowdc1863

captive audience1902

capacity1908

mass audience1927

1854 H. D. Thoreau Walden 49 He was there to represent spectatordom.

specˈtatorism n. the practice of being a spectator or onlooker at sports or games.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > one who sees > [noun] > beholder or spectator > at sport > state of being

spectatorism1889

1889 Wykehamist No. 241. 317/1 There are distinct limits to the use of ‘spectatorism’.

Draft additions 1993

c. More fully spectator pump, shoe. A woman's dress shoe, usually with a white body and contrasting darker toe and heel; occasionally a similar shoe worn by a man. North American (originally U.S.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > shoe or boot > shoe > [noun] > types of > two-toned shoe

spectator1941

1941 M. Kettunen Fund. Dress xiv. 431 Other sport models, commonly known as ‘spectator’ sport shoes, come in more standard styles.

1946 Glamour Sept. 74 (advt.) Eileen spectators! Smart young moderns wear these..spectators.

1963 M. McCarthy Group ii. 42 Wearing her white sharkskin sports dress and brown-and-white spectator pumps.

1969 Sears, Roebuck Catal. Spring–Summer 422/2 Strut into spring sporting a high-powered spectator pump. Hand-rubbed leather upper set off by contrasting perforations and bold stitching.

1970 A. Tyler Slipping-Down Life xi. 154 Mr. Casey was in a blue suit and white spectator shoes.

1975 Daily Mirror 21 Mar. 24/7 I lived in Canada from 1946 to 56 and every summer the ladies wore court shoes which they called ‘spectators’... The toe caps and heels were either brown or navy blue, the rest white. And very smart, too.

Draft additions 1993

specˈtatorish adj. characteristic of a spectator or observer.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > one who sees > [adjective] > spectator

spectatorial1712

spectatorish1977

1977 Oxf. Diocesan Mag. Nov. 17/2 There is something spectator-ish in treating knowledge as purely or even largely an intellectual affair.

1982 Times Lit. Suppl. 26 Mar. 334/2 His republicanism..strikes one as of a similarly spectatorish kind, as of one who cannot countenance anything of which he is not himself a part.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	spectator
释义	spectatorn. Brit. /spɛkˈteɪtə/, U.S. /ˈspɛkˌteɪdər/ Forms: Also 1500s–1600s spectatour. Etymology: < Latin spectātor, agent-noun < spectāre to look, whence also French spectateur (1540), Italian spettatore, Spanish espectador, Portuguese espectador. 1. a. A person who sees, or looks on at, some scene or occurrence; a beholder, onlooker, observer. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > one who sees > [noun] > beholder or spectator showerOE beholderc1374 lookera1382 espiouressc1430 considererc1449 overseerc1450 regarder1525 surveyor1558 viewer1565 spectatora1586 regardant1590 aspector1603 supervisor1610 eyer1611 spectatrix1611 spectatress1632 speculator1647 contemplator1658 attender1665 espier1860 a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. x. sig. V1 [He] thought no eyes of sufficient credite in such a matter, but his owne; and therefore came him selfe to be actor, and spectator. 1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 53 There is a true saying that the spectator oftimes sees more then the gamster. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxxi. 189 A signe is not a signe to him that giveth it, but to him to whom it is made; that is, to the spectator. 1677 W. Hubbard Narrative (1865) I. 16 In such Passages as were variously reported by the Actors, or Spectators, that which seemed most probable is only inserted. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth II. 205 Even the agonies of the former, rather terrify the spectators, than torment the patient. 1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho III. xiii. 437 Henri was a silent and astonished spectator of the scene. 1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pelham I. xvi. 113 There is some trick afloat to which we may as well be spectators. 1841 G. P. R. James Brigand xxxii The hall was totally void of spectators. †b. spec. A scientific observer. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > branch of knowledge > systematic knowledge, science > [noun] > scientist > relying on observation or experiment empiric?c1425 observer1611 empirical philosophera1626 spectator1646 empiricist1867 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica i. iv. 13 They were conceived by their first spectators, to be but one animall. 1787 E. Darwin et al. tr. C. Linnaeus et al. Families of Plants I. 259 Jacquin, Brown, and other Spectators consider it as a distinct Genus. 2. a. spec. A person who is present at, and has a view or sight of, anything in the nature of a show or spectacle. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > one who sees > [noun] > beholder or spectator > at a show or spectacle spectator1590 punter1976 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. iv. sig. Q The treachour..Me leading, in a secret corner layd, The sad spectatour of my Tragedie. a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iv. i. 20 Imagine me (Gentle Spectators) that I now may be In faire Bohemia. View more context for this quotation 1690 T. Burnet Theory of Earth iv. 214 This being the last act and close of all humane affairs, it ought to..satisfie the spectators, and end in a general applause. 1716 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 14 Sept. (1965) I. 268 All the men of Quality at Vienna were Spectators. 1785 W. Cowper Task v. 878 Gods..that sit Amus'd spectators of this bustling stage. 1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park I. xviii. 345 Fanny began to be their only audience—and sometimes as prompter, sometimes as spectator—was often very useful. View more context for this quotation 1855 C. Kingsley Westward Ho! xxvi He had been a pitying spectator of the tragedy. 1897 ‘S. Tytler’ Lady Jean's Son x. 178 The opposite houses, crowded from top to bottom with spectators. attributive.1658 A. Cokayne Small Poems 126 When they have danced all they intended, the Lar, or one of the Masquers invites the Spectator-Ladyes with this song to joyn with them.1891 Daily News 12 Oct. 3/5 The spectator portion of the baths was crowded to its utmost capacity. b. spectator sport n. a sport which affords good entertainment for spectators as well as for participants. Also transferred and figurative. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > [noun] field sport1580 team game1885 team sport1896 spectator sport1943 board sport1981 1943 Amer. Speech 18 95 The American ‘spectator~sports’ (of clothes) has been mistranslated in at least one advertisement [in New Zealand] as ‘spectacular-sports’. 1944 M. Laski Love on Supertax xi. 109 Burn all those clothes you've got on.. and get back into a decent unpretentious spectator-sports-suit. 1954 Encounter Feb. 57/1 The fascination of the great spectator-sports—soccer, athletics, cricket, lawn tennis—is partly due to the effect of the game on its audience. 1969 ‘A. Glyn’ Dragon Variation ix. 268 Well, call this [sc. chess] a spectator sport, twenty goddam minutes and nobody's moved a thing. Give me tennis! 1975 New Yorker 10 Feb. 110/3 With hard times upon us there may be a question in the minds of even the least dedicated office~holders both here and in Albany about how long their hard-pressed constituents will let them get away with treating representative government as a minor spectator sport. 1979 Guardian 12 June 8/1 Watching election coverage all through the night is a great spectator sport. 3. Used as the title of various periodical publications. Also in combinations.Frequently with distinguishing epithets, as The Catholic, Country, Modern, Monthly, Provincial, Temperance Spectator (published at various dates between 1792 and 1866). ΚΠ 1711–14 J. Addison Spectator (title) The Spectator. 1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 20. ¶2 Ever since the Spectator appear'd. 1714 J. Addison Spectator No. 567. ¶8 I intend shortly to publish a Spectator that shall not have a single Vowel in it. 1728–37 (title) The Universal Spectator, and Weekly Journal. 1744 E. Haywood Female Spectator I. 5 Whatever Productions I shall be favour'd with from these Ladies..will be exhibited under the general Title of The Female Spectator. 1755 H. Walpole Lett. (1846) III. 178 The Spectator-hacked phrases. 1828– (title) The Spectator. A weekly journal of news, politics, literature, and science. Derivatives specˈtatordom n. spectators collectively. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > one who sees > [noun] > beholder or spectator > at a show or spectacle > audience spectatory1831 spectatorship1833 spectatordom1854 crowdc1863 captive audience1902 capacity1908 mass audience1927 1854 H. D. Thoreau Walden 49 He was there to represent spectatordom. specˈtatorism n. the practice of being a spectator or onlooker at sports or games. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > one who sees > [noun] > beholder or spectator > at sport > state of being spectatorism1889 1889 Wykehamist No. 241. 317/1 There are distinct limits to the use of ‘spectatorism’. Draft additions 1993 c. More fully spectator pump, shoe. A woman's dress shoe, usually with a white body and contrasting darker toe and heel; occasionally a similar shoe worn by a man. North American (originally U.S.). ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > shoe or boot > shoe > [noun] > types of > two-toned shoe spectator1941 1941 M. Kettunen Fund. Dress xiv. 431 Other sport models, commonly known as ‘spectator’ sport shoes, come in more standard styles. 1946 Glamour Sept. 74 (advt.) Eileen spectators! Smart young moderns wear these..spectators. 1963 M. McCarthy Group ii. 42 Wearing her white sharkskin sports dress and brown-and-white spectator pumps. 1969 Sears, Roebuck Catal. Spring–Summer 422/2 Strut into spring sporting a high-powered spectator pump. Hand-rubbed leather upper set off by contrasting perforations and bold stitching. 1970 A. Tyler Slipping-Down Life xi. 154 Mr. Casey was in a blue suit and white spectator shoes. 1975 Daily Mirror 21 Mar. 24/7 I lived in Canada from 1946 to 56 and every summer the ladies wore court shoes which they called ‘spectators’... The toe caps and heels were either brown or navy blue, the rest white. And very smart, too. Draft additions 1993 specˈtatorish adj. characteristic of a spectator or observer. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > one who sees > [adjective] > spectator spectatorial1712 spectatorish1977 1977 Oxf. Diocesan Mag. Nov. 17/2 There is something spectator-ish in treating knowledge as purely or even largely an intellectual affair. 1982 Times Lit. Suppl. 26 Mar. 334/2 His republicanism..strikes one as of a similarly spectatorish kind, as of one who cannot countenance anything of which he is not himself a part. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1586
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