单词 | souring |
释义 | souringn. 1. a. A substance which renders sour or acid; spec. leaven, lemon-juice, or vinegar. Also figurative. Now chiefly dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > additive > acid or tart flavouring > [noun] souring14.. corrosive1707 14.. Wycliffite Bible 1 Cor. v. 7 As ȝe ben therf, or with~oute sour thing [v.r. sowryng]. 1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle IV. xcix. 72 A double proportion of sowering was visible in his aspect. 1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 179 Looking at me with a double squeeze of souring in his aspect. 1814 W. Scott Waverley II. vi. 114 Mine host..infused a double portion of souring into the pharasaical leaven of his countenance. View more context for this quotation 1829 J. Hunter Hallamshire Gloss. 84 Souring, dough left in the tub from one baking of oat-cakes to another. 1836 T. C. Haliburton Clockmaker 2nd Ser. ix There's another lemon left, squire, 'spose we mix a little more sourin' afore we turn in. 1841 C. H. Hartshorne Salopia Antiqua Gloss. Souring, vinegar. b. A preparation used in bleaching and tanning. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitener > [noun] > bleaching agent > for specific process sour1756 souring1777 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > leather > leather-making materials > [noun] > tannin > tanning solutions sumac?a1350 bark-waterc1440 oozea1450 owser1704 sour1756 souring1777 tan-pickle1820 gambier1853 kassu1862 tan-liquor1882 tan-ooze1901 1777 in Philos. Trans. 1778 (Royal Soc.) (1779) 68 124 In the old method, the tanners made use of sourings brewed generally from rye, or some other grain. 2. a. The process or fact of becoming or making sour. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > sourness or acidity > [noun] > souring souring1579 acescence1761 acidulation1795 1579 W. Fulke Refut. Rastels Confut. in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 76 He wil haue no wine for feare of sowering. 1669 C. Merret Some Observ. conc. ordering Wines in W. Charleton Two Disc. 217 To prevent souring of French wines. 1673 R. Boyle Of Great Efficacy v. 30 in Ess. Effluviums Talking with her about the remedies of the Sowring of Beer and other drinks by Thunder. 1740 W. Ellis Suppl. to London & Country Brewer iv. 27 Though Yeast naturally tends to the sowering of all Drink it is beat into. 1830 M. Donovan Domest. Econ. I. vi. 167 That commencement of acetification or souring called foxing. a1883 C. H. Fagge Princ. & Pract. Med. (1886) I. 21 The lactic acid fermentation or souring of milk. b. figurative with reference to character or temper. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill-naturedness > sourness or bitterness of temper > [noun] > becoming sour souring1876 1876 L. Stephen Hours in Libr. 2nd Ser. vii. 321 Hazlitt's cynicism is the souring of a generous nature. 1901 Contemp. Rev. Mar. 453 The well-nigh inevitable souring of the dishoused peasant into guerilla or brigand. 3. spec. The process of subjecting cloth, wool, skins, etc., to the action of diluted acids. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitening > [noun] > bleaching > bleaching process > specific souring1756 grey souring1843 grey sour1875 white sour1875 madder bleach1891 kiering1922 1756 F. Home Exper. Bleaching 37 The general process of bleaching divides itself into these different parts. 1. Steeping and milling. 2. Bucking and boiling... 4. Souring. 1844 G. Dodd Textile Manuf. Great Brit. ii. 51 The process of ‘grey souring’, in which the cloth passes through a machine..containing very dilute sulphuric acid. 1882 Crookes Dyeing 7 Next follows souring, known as the ‘lime-sour’, or ‘grey-sour’. 4. A sourish variety of apple; dialect a crab-apple. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apple > other apples Bretonc1390 stur1483 marigold apple1577 fritter1591 Margaret1597 critling1611 cat's-head1617 rosiar1620 rose apple1626 snouting1651 roundling1655 mayflower1664 red greening1664 seaming1664 sheep's snout1664 spicing apple1664 violet-apple1664 pomme d'api1676 rathe-ripe1677 rose1678 lady's finger1688 stone apple1736 sops-in-wine1764 stone pippin1769 Manx codlin1818 Rymer1820 Roxbury russet1826 souring1832 genet1833 tompot1836 Wagener1848 flesh and blood1853 pick-thong1871 virgin1886 Jon1931 Idared1942 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apple > crab-apple wood-applec1000 wood crab14.. crabc1450 scrab1467 wilding1526 choke-apple1600 crab-apple1712 cherry-apple1858 Siberian crab1858 souring1866 1832 J. Baxter Libr. Agric. & Hort. Knowl. (ed. 2) 15 Fearn's pippin,..Hanwell souring. 1860 R. Hogg Fruit Man. 11 Hanwell Souring... Flesh firm, crisp, and briskly acid. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 1075/1 Souring, a country name for the Crab apple. 1896 G. F. Northall Warwickshire Word-bk. 221 Souring, an apple for winter use. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). souringadj. That becomes or makes sour. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > sourness or acidity > [adjective] > souring souring1710 zymotoxic1902 1710 M. Henry Christianity no Sect in Wks. (1857) II. 445/1 The leaven of the Pharisees which is both souring and swelling. 1859 C. Dickens Tale of Two Cities ii. xv. 108 A sour wine,..or a souring, for its influence on the mood of those who drank it was to make them gloomy. 1883 R. G. White Mr. Washington Adams in Eng. 33 Pleasing and picturesque, and yet souring and doughing. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2019). < n.14..adj.1710 |
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