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单词 souring
释义

souringn.

/ˈsaʊərɪŋ/
Etymology: < sour v. Compare Dutch zuring souring, sorrel, German säuer-, säurung souring, North Frisian süring leaven.
1.
a. A substance which renders sour or acid; spec. leaven, lemon-juice, or vinegar. Also figurative. Now chiefly dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > additive > acid or tart flavouring > [noun]
souring14..
corrosive1707
14.. Wycliffite Bible 1 Cor. v. 7 As ȝe ben therf, or with~oute sour thing [v.r. sowryng].
1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle IV. xcix. 72 A double proportion of sowering was visible in his aspect.
1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 179 Looking at me with a double squeeze of souring in his aspect.
1814 W. Scott Waverley II. vi. 114 Mine host..infused a double portion of souring into the pharasaical leaven of his countenance. View more context for this quotation
1829 J. Hunter Hallamshire Gloss. 84 Souring, dough left in the tub from one baking of oat-cakes to another.
1836 T. C. Haliburton Clockmaker 2nd Ser. ix There's another lemon left, squire, 'spose we mix a little more sourin' afore we turn in.
1841 C. H. Hartshorne Salopia Antiqua Gloss. Souring, vinegar.
b. A preparation used in bleaching and tanning.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitener > [noun] > bleaching agent > for specific process
sour1756
souring1777
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > leather > leather-making materials > [noun] > tannin > tanning solutions
sumac?a1350
bark-waterc1440
oozea1450
owser1704
sour1756
souring1777
tan-pickle1820
gambier1853
kassu1862
tan-liquor1882
tan-ooze1901
1777 in Philos. Trans. 1778 (Royal Soc.) (1779) 68 124 In the old method, the tanners made use of sourings brewed generally from rye, or some other grain.
2.
a. The process or fact of becoming or making sour.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > sourness or acidity > [noun] > souring
souring1579
acescence1761
acidulation1795
1579 W. Fulke Refut. Rastels Confut. in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 76 He wil haue no wine for feare of sowering.
1669 C. Merret Some Observ. conc. ordering Wines in W. Charleton Two Disc. 217 To prevent souring of French wines.
1673 R. Boyle Of Great Efficacy v. 30 in Ess. Effluviums Talking with her about the remedies of the Sowring of Beer and other drinks by Thunder.
1740 W. Ellis Suppl. to London & Country Brewer iv. 27 Though Yeast naturally tends to the sowering of all Drink it is beat into.
1830 M. Donovan Domest. Econ. I. vi. 167 That commencement of acetification or souring called foxing.
a1883 C. H. Fagge Princ. & Pract. Med. (1886) I. 21 The lactic acid fermentation or souring of milk.
b. figurative with reference to character or temper.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill-naturedness > sourness or bitterness of temper > [noun] > becoming sour
souring1876
1876 L. Stephen Hours in Libr. 2nd Ser. vii. 321 Hazlitt's cynicism is the souring of a generous nature.
1901 Contemp. Rev. Mar. 453 The well-nigh inevitable souring of the dishoused peasant into guerilla or brigand.
3. spec. The process of subjecting cloth, wool, skins, etc., to the action of diluted acids.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitening > [noun] > bleaching > bleaching process > specific
souring1756
grey souring1843
grey sour1875
white sour1875
madder bleach1891
kiering1922
1756 F. Home Exper. Bleaching 37 The general process of bleaching divides itself into these different parts. 1. Steeping and milling. 2. Bucking and boiling... 4. Souring.
1844 G. Dodd Textile Manuf. Great Brit. ii. 51 The process of ‘grey souring’, in which the cloth passes through a machine..containing very dilute sulphuric acid.
1882 Crookes Dyeing 7 Next follows souring, known as the ‘lime-sour’, or ‘grey-sour’.
attributive.1756 F. Home Exper. Bleaching 77 The souring process had been going on for two days.1756 F. Home Exper. Bleaching 77 In the souring vat.1875 Encycl. Brit. III. 820/1 A souring-well under the souring-box is now filled with water and sulphuric acid.
4. A sourish variety of apple; dialect a crab-apple.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apple > other apples
Bretonc1390
stur1483
marigold apple1577
fritter1591
Margaret1597
critling1611
cat's-head1617
rosiar1620
rose apple1626
snouting1651
roundling1655
mayflower1664
red greening1664
seaming1664
sheep's snout1664
spicing apple1664
violet-apple1664
pomme d'api1676
rathe-ripe1677
rose1678
lady's finger1688
stone apple1736
sops-in-wine1764
stone pippin1769
Manx codlin1818
Rymer1820
Roxbury russet1826
souring1832
genet1833
tompot1836
Wagener1848
flesh and blood1853
pick-thong1871
virgin1886
Jon1931
Idared1942
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apple > crab-apple
wood-applec1000
wood crab14..
crabc1450
scrab1467
wilding1526
choke-apple1600
crab-apple1712
cherry-apple1858
Siberian crab1858
souring1866
1832 J. Baxter Libr. Agric. & Hort. Knowl. (ed. 2) 15 Fearn's pippin,..Hanwell souring.
1860 R. Hogg Fruit Man. 11 Hanwell Souring... Flesh firm, crisp, and briskly acid.
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 1075/1 Souring, a country name for the Crab apple.
1896 G. F. Northall Warwickshire Word-bk. 221 Souring, an apple for winter use.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

souringadj.

Etymology: < sour v.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈsouring.
That becomes or makes sour.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > sourness or acidity > [adjective] > souring
souring1710
zymotoxic1902
1710 M. Henry Christianity no Sect in Wks. (1857) II. 445/1 The leaven of the Pharisees which is both souring and swelling.
1859 C. Dickens Tale of Two Cities ii. xv. 108 A sour wine,..or a souring, for its influence on the mood of those who drank it was to make them gloomy.
1883 R. G. White Mr. Washington Adams in Eng. 33 Pleasing and picturesque, and yet souring and doughing.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2019).
<
n.14..adj.1710
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