bonfiren.

Brit.

/ˈbɒnfʌɪə/, U.S.

/ˈbɑnˌfaɪ(ə)r/

Forms:

α. late Middle English bonefuyr, late Middle English bonffyer, late Middle English–1500s bonfyre, late Middle English–1500s bonnefyre, late Middle English– bonefire, 1500s boanefier, 1500s bondfier, 1500s bonefier, 1500s bonefyer, 1500s bonfyer, 1500s bonfyur, 1500s boonfyre, 1500s bounefire, 1500s bounfier, 1500s bounfire, 1500s–1600s bonefyre, 1500s–1600s bonfier, 1500s– bonfire, 1600s boonefier, 1600s boonefire, 1600s boonfire, 1600s (1900s U.S. regional (Iowa)) bondfire; English regional 1800s bumfire (Cornwall), 1800s bunfire (northern and north midlands), 1900s– boanfire (Lincolnshire).

β. late Middle English banefyre (northern), 1500s banefyer (Irish English); English regional (northern) 1600s 1800s banefire, 1800s baanfire, 1800s banfire, 1800s beeanfire, 1800s byenfire; Scottish pre-1700 bainfyre, pre-1700 banefyer, pre-1700 banefyre, pre-1700 baynefyre, pre-1700 beanefyre, pre-1700 beanfyre, pre-1700 beeanefyre, pre-1700 beinfyir, pre-1700 benefyre, pre-1700 benfyr, pre-1700 benfyre, pre-1700 1700s– banefire, pre-1700 1800s benfire, 1800s bainfire; N.E.D (1887) also records a form Scottish pre-1700 bainfire.

γ. 1600s bonyfier.

δ. 1600s–1800s burnfire (English regional (chiefly northern)), 1700s burnefire (Irish English).

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: bone n.¹, fire n.

Etymology: Apparently < bone n.¹ (see note) + fire n. Compare earlier bale-fire n.Early form variation (especially the β. forms) seems to confirm that the first element was bone n.¹, although the significance of bones in midsummer fires is unclear and it is possible that the description of a fire of bones in quot. a1450 (contrasting a ‘bone-fire’, a ‘wood-fire’, and a ‘St John's fire’ burning both materials) already reflects a folk etymology. Bones are not commonly reported to have been a significant feature of midsummer fires, but compare J. A. H. Murray's note in N.E.D. (1887) at bonfire: ‘for the annual midsummer ‘banefire’ or ‘bonfire’ in the burgh of Hawick, old bones were regularly collected and stored up, down to c1800’. Subsequent developments. In the α. forms, the vowel of the first syllable was regularly shortened before the consonant cluster, so that the original sense of the first element became obscured. As a result it was sometimes reinterpreted as being (ultimately) < French bon good (see boon adj.; e.g. in Johnson's Dictionary in 1755); compare earlier boon adj. The forms bondfier and bondfire may reflect a further reinterpretation of the α. forms. In γ. forms perhaps with alteration of the first element after bony, variant of bonny adj. In the δ. forms with alteration of the first element after burn v.¹

1. A large, open-air fire lit for amusement or entertainment, esp. one accompanying a festival, celebration, or commemoration.According to some sources, originally denoting such a fire in which bones were burnt: see quot. a1450 and discussion in the etymology.The earliest evidence relates to the lighting of bonfires as part of midsummer celebrations, esp. on St John's Eve (23 June) and St Peter's Eve (28 June), a practice which declined in later centuries. In Great Britain, the lighting of bonfires is now most often associated with Guy Fawkes Night, the evening of 5 November, the anniversary of the Gunpowder Plot of 1605 (cf. Bonfire Night n.).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > social event > festive occasion > [noun] > bonfire as token of

bonfirea1450

fire of joy1554

feu de joie1609

tandle1788

society > leisure > social event > festive occasion > [noun] > bonfire as token of > on specific anniversaries

bonfirea1450

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > a fire > [noun] > a kind of fire > immense > for burning bones

bonfirea1450

a1450 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Claud.) (2009) 166 In worchep of Seynt Ione men wakyth at home and makyth þree maner fyres. One hys clene bones and no wode, and hys called a bonfyre.

1482 W. Cely Let. 16 Aug. in Cely Lett. (1975) 169 Oder tydyngys..ffor the whych my Lordd commavndyd a generall proseschon, and at nyght bonffyers to be made att euery mans dorre, as was att Myddsomer Nyghte.

1493 Privy Purse Expenses Henry VII 23 June in S. Bentley Excerpta Historica (1831) 94 To the making of the bonefuyr on Middesomer Eve, 10s.

?1550 J. Bale Apol. agaynste Papyst f. lxii^v Therfor may he not banket at mydsomer bone fyre.

?a1556 Grey Friars Chron. anno 1524 in R. Howlett Monumenta Franciscana (1882) II. 190 Commandment..that there shulde be a gret bonfyer at Powlles churche dore..for the good tydynges.

1570 B. Googe tr. T. Kirchmeyer Popish Kingdome iv. f. 54^v Then doth the ioyfull feast of John the Baptist take his turne, When bonfiers great with loftie flame, in euery towne doe burne.

1600 S. Rowlands Letting of Humors Blood iv. 65 At leaping ore a Midsommer bon-fier.

1651 J. Lamont Diary (1830) 27 Ther were many beane fyres sett foorth in token of ioy.

1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall xxxvii. 309 The People..testified their Joy by numerous Bon-fires.

1710 J. Addison Whig Examiner No. 2. ⁋9 The mob has huzza'd round bonefires.

1736 J. Byrom Let. 4 May in Private Jrnl. & Lit. Remains (1856) II. i. 35 You have had burnfires and bells and shooting and drinking.

1773 J. Priestley Inst. Relig. II. 181 Our customs..of making bon-fires on the fifth of November.

1829 Times 3 July 3/3 A party of men, who were collecting furze, timber, &c., for the purpose of making a bonfire on St. John's eve, were detected in carrying away a wooden gate.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 631 When Swift had survived his faculties many years, the Irish populace still continued to light bonfires on his birthday.

1880 Georgia Weekly Tel. 26 Nov. They continue to collect barrels and boxes for the Christmas bonfire.

1936 G. Greene This Gun for Hire v. 204 He dreamed that he was building a great bonfire on Guy Fawkes Day.

1953 Times 3 June 8/1 A bonfire burst into flames on the rocky summit of Arthur's Seat.

2000 Leicester Mercury (Nexis) 7 Jan. 8 Where was Leicester's civic celebration, when elsewhere the bonfires were lit..to mark the New Year's Eve of the Millennium?

a. In early use: an open-air fire for the public burning of heretics, proscribed books, etc. Now more generally: any open-air fire lit for the disposal of waste material, garden refuse, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > a fire > [noun] > a kind of fire > immense > for burning heretics, books, or rubbish

bonfire1531

bonner1898

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour iii. vi. f. 186 Laste of all, conuayeng them selfes in to the saide pyles or bonefires with their wyfes and children, sette al on fyre, and there were brenned.

1562 tr. J. Jewel Apol. Church Eng. f. 2^v Thei sticked not to make great bonefiers of their liuing bodies.

1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 483/2 You would have made boanefiers with y^e blood of many good Preachers.

1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. vi. ix. 206/1 Their holy Bibles cast into Bone-fires.

a1627 H. Shirley Martyr'd Souldier (1638) iv. ii. sig. G2^v Methinks Christians make the bravest Bonefires of any people in the Vniverse.

1640 R. Brome Sparagus Garden i. v. 132 Making a Bon-fire in Smithfield.

a1652 A. Wilson Hist. Great Brit. (1653) 47 He [sc. James I]..thanks them for the Bonefire they made of certain Papers.

1678 S. Butler Hudibras: Third Pt. iii. ii. 183 And to the largest Bonefire, riding Th' have Roasted Cook already.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 98. ¶3 Many of the Women threw down their Head-dresses in the Middle of his Sermon, and made a Bonfire of them.

1780 S. Lee Chapter of Accidents i. 7 I..made a bonfire of ev'ry book on education.

1812 M. Edgeworth Absentee II. xvii. 465 There was in the castle yard last night a bonefire made by my lord's orders of the ould yellow damask furniture, to plase my lady, my lord says.

1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) II. 9 Luther's writings were collected and publicly burned; but the emperor might be seen to smile ironically as he passed these bonfires.

1921 Gardeners' Chron. (U.S.) Nov. 782/1 It is well to destroy on the garden bonfire all acrid leaves.

1960 Natal Mercury 4 Apr. 3 A 100-strong mob of natives pranced around a bonfire of reference books in Walmer last night.

2006 Birmingham Evening Mail (Nexis) 18 Apr. 18 An antiques firm has been hit hard in the pocket after it was caught illegally burning its rubbish in a bonfire.

†b. A heap of combustible material on which a dead body is burnt; a fire serving as a funeral pyre. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > cremation > [noun] > pile or pyre > fire

bonfire1538

1538 T. Elyot Dict. Pyra, a bonfyre, wherin deed bodyes were burned.

1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) vii. f. 90^v Or else without solemnitie were burnt in bonfires [L. rogos] hie.

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iv. 84 Madlye she [sc. Dido] scaleth Thee top of her banefyers [L. pyros].

1640 tr. J. A. Comenius Janua Linguarum Reserata (new ed.) xcvii. §961 The dead corps..is buried:..they of old made a bonefire, and therein burnt it.

1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall ii. 22 Burning..[was] perhaps not fully disused till Christianity fully established, which gave the finall extinction to these sepulchrall Bonefires.

†c. An incendiary fire. Obsolete.Only in Sir Thomas Stafford's Pacata Hibernia, in the context of the Nine Years' War in Ireland (1593–1603).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > a fire > [noun] > a kind of fire > destructive > started by incendiarist

bonfire1633

1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia ii. ii. 131 That..the County of Clare might be freed from Bonfires.

1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia i. xvii. 102 They departed, before they had made any Bonfiers in Mounster.

3. figurative and in figurative contexts. Something resembling a bonfire, esp. in being bright, hot, fierce, or destructive. See also bonfire of (the) vanities at Phrases 2.

ΚΠ

1579 T. Churchyard Gen. Rehearsall Warres sig. P.iv^v My blase is but a Bonfire to call out the neighbours.

1622 T. Dekker & P. Massinger Virgin Martir sig. H^v Now that you see The bonefire of your Ladyes state burnt out, You giue it ouer.

1709 S. Centlivre Busie Body iii. 36 A Wedding..by which you seize me and my Estate, and..make a Bonfire of your own Act and Deed.

1891 Murray's Mag. Sept. 378 ‘So this is a bonfire of extinct passions,’..sneered Charles.

1924 R. Campbell Flaming Terrapin i. 13 To shake the golden bonfire of her hair.

1966 W. S. Graham Let. 24 Jan. in Nightfisherman (1999) 208 I see him ploughing his stripes in the field surrounded by a bonfire of gulls.

1991 H. Brodkey Runaway Soul 212 Both girls were in an unruly bonfire of temper.

2010 Independent 20 Sept. (Viewspaper section) 15/2 This novel throws political correctness on to a bonfire.

Phrases

P1. everlasting (also eternal) bonfire: (usually with the) hell, damnation.Later use is probably in allusion to or influenced by Shakespeare's use in quot. a1616.

ΚΠ

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) ii. iii. 18 Some of all Professions, that goe the Primrose way to th'euerlasting Bonfire.

a1839 ‘Q in the Corner’ Puseyad (1850) 62 To save our spiritual bacon We must burn daylight, or else wake on The eternal bonfire lit below.

1890 Illustr. Amer. 30 May 52/2 Some of us think the theatre the royal highway to the eternal bonfire.

1997 T. Mackintosh-Smith Yemen (1999) vi. 140 There is always a creeping suspicion that the everlasting bonfire, the volcano below, has only been damped down, not extinguished.

2011 Guardian (Nexis) 17 Mar. There are so many reasons why many believers think I am on my way to the eternal bonfire that it would be tedious to rehearse them.

P2. bonfire of (the) vanities: a fire built to burn objects that are prohibited or condemned as conducive to vanity; (figurative) vanity, greed, and self-interest viewed as an all-consuming and destructive force. [Perhaps after Italian falò delle vanità (late 19th cent. or earlier), with reference to (voluntary) public burnings of items like cosmetics, mirrors, luxurious clothing, etc., in 15th-cent. Italy, now especially associated with Girolamo Savonarola (1452–98), Italian Dominican monk and reformer (compare Savonarola n.). In later use popularized by the title of a novel by Tom Wolfe (see quot. 1987), in which the ‘bonfire of vanities’ is used as a metaphor for the excesses of 1980s New York.]

ΚΠ

1858 Christian Remembrancer Oct. 493 The man who, not long before,..could so persuade the city that a bonfire was made of its pomps and vanities, was now..cursed as a monster .]

1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola III. iv. 40 Take off that necklace and unclasp that belt, that they may be burned in the holy Bonfire of Vanities, and save you from burning.

1903 Daily Mail 4 July 7/5 Help me dismantle the house, and we'll have a bonfire of vanities which will outshine that the good old vandal had in Florence.

1925 Cent. Mag. Jan. 425/1 In this pile we see the modern mind getting ready for its ‘bonfire of the vanities’.

1934 H. Vaughan Thing of Nought 25 He would have made a ‘bonfire of vanities’ and condemned to the flames whatever ministered to the gaiety of life.

1987 T. Wolfe (title) Bonfire of the vanities.

1990 Tennis Oct. 33/1 Many social critics concluded that the '80s was the decade of greed and aggressive selfishness—one shameless and endless bonfire of the vanities.

2003 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 11 May 13/4 What drew him was the prestige and power he associated with the Barnes... This..seems ludicrous and sad..a bonfire of second-rate vanities.

Compounds

C1. General attributive and objective, as bonfire day, bonfire display, bonfire-making, bonfire party, etc. Recorded earliest in Bonfire Night n.

ΚΠ

1487–8 in Dugdale's Monasticon Anglicanum (1846) III. 359/1 Item vpon ij. bonefirenyghts paid for brede and ale xij^d.

1556 J. Ponet Shorte Treat. Politike Power sig. Diiij Hauing bleared the common peoples eies with processioning, Te deum singing, and bonefire banketting.

1579 G. Gilpin tr. P. van Marnix van Sant Aldegonde Bee Hiue of Romishe Church ix. f. 61^v The other saint Peters day, which is commonly called Saint Peters Seate: is not that come in place of another bonefire daye, which the Heathen did obserue at the same time?

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iii. iii. 40 Thou art a perpetuall triumph, an euerlasting bonefire light.

1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia i. 25 The gallant Townes that bordering rankes On either side of Varus bankes Doe publique bone-fire-feasting make.

1650 S. Fairclough Prisoners Praises 23 Bell-joy, Table-joy, Musick-joy, and Bonefire-joy in a day of Thanksgiving.

1690 Hist. Wars Ireland 111 Bonfire-Works..were no sooner lighted, but the Allarm-Signal was given.

1781 T. Holcroft Duplicity 80 His bouncing passion bursts like bonfire squib.

1804 J. Collins in Scripscrapologia 77 With ruddy health in a cheek that glows, Like the bon-fire blaze of a Bardolph's nose.

1878 M. D. Bonfire & what came of It 13 Now bonfire-making was a very favourite play with us all.

1897 Daily News 25 June 2/6 We saw the huge cloud-cap of Skiddaw, that had troubled the hearts of bonfire enthusiasts all the day, move slowly up the side of the ‘Little Man’.

1921 C. N. Williamson & A. M. Williamson Brightener iii. ii. 206 The air was faintly acrid with the scent of bonfire smoke.

1968 Listener 7 Nov. 606/1 Have you heard, the Touch-Paceys are economising this year by combining their children's bonfire party with their annual fancy dress rave?

2007 Times 3 Nov. 4/5 Five people were taken to hospital last night after a fairground ride collapsed at a charity bonfire display in Suffolk.

C2.

bonfire toffee n. British (originally English regional (northern and midlands)) a type of treacle toffee, traditionally eaten in Great Britain on Guy Fawkes Night (5 November); cf. tom trot n. at Tom n.¹ Compounds 1a.

ΚΠ

1919 Yorks. Tel. & Star 18 Oct. 2/1 Shopkeepers note.—Bonfire toffee 1s. per lb.

1963 P. West I, said Sparrow v. 110 There was always bonfire toffee and rich, treacly parkin.

2008 A. Cornes Torr One Potato Two Potato xiii. 133 You can't have a bonfire without toffee apples and bonfire toffee.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	bonfire
释义	bonfiren. Brit. /ˈbɒnfʌɪə/, U.S. /ˈbɑnˌfaɪ(ə)r/ Forms: α. late Middle English bonefuyr, late Middle English bonffyer, late Middle English–1500s bonfyre, late Middle English–1500s bonnefyre, late Middle English– bonefire, 1500s boanefier, 1500s bondfier, 1500s bonefier, 1500s bonefyer, 1500s bonfyer, 1500s bonfyur, 1500s boonfyre, 1500s bounefire, 1500s bounfier, 1500s bounfire, 1500s–1600s bonefyre, 1500s–1600s bonfier, 1500s– bonfire, 1600s boonefier, 1600s boonefire, 1600s boonfire, 1600s (1900s U.S. regional (Iowa)) bondfire; English regional 1800s bumfire (Cornwall), 1800s bunfire (northern and north midlands), 1900s– boanfire (Lincolnshire). β. late Middle English banefyre (northern), 1500s banefyer (Irish English); English regional (northern) 1600s 1800s banefire, 1800s baanfire, 1800s banfire, 1800s beeanfire, 1800s byenfire; Scottish pre-1700 bainfyre, pre-1700 banefyer, pre-1700 banefyre, pre-1700 baynefyre, pre-1700 beanefyre, pre-1700 beanfyre, pre-1700 beeanefyre, pre-1700 beinfyir, pre-1700 benefyre, pre-1700 benfyr, pre-1700 benfyre, pre-1700 1700s– banefire, pre-1700 1800s benfire, 1800s bainfire; N.E.D (1887) also records a form Scottish pre-1700 bainfire. γ. 1600s bonyfier. δ. 1600s–1800s burnfire (English regional (chiefly northern)), 1700s burnefire (Irish English). Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: bone n.¹, fire n. Etymology: Apparently < bone n.¹ (see note) + fire n. Compare earlier bale-fire n.Early form variation (especially the β. forms) seems to confirm that the first element was bone n.¹, although the significance of bones in midsummer fires is unclear and it is possible that the description of a fire of bones in quot. a1450 (contrasting a ‘bone-fire’, a ‘wood-fire’, and a ‘St John's fire’ burning both materials) already reflects a folk etymology. Bones are not commonly reported to have been a significant feature of midsummer fires, but compare J. A. H. Murray's note in N.E.D. (1887) at bonfire: ‘for the annual midsummer ‘banefire’ or ‘bonfire’ in the burgh of Hawick, old bones were regularly collected and stored up, down to c1800’. Subsequent developments. In the α. forms, the vowel of the first syllable was regularly shortened before the consonant cluster, so that the original sense of the first element became obscured. As a result it was sometimes reinterpreted as being (ultimately) < French bon good (see boon adj.; e.g. in Johnson's Dictionary in 1755); compare earlier boon adj. The forms bondfier and bondfire may reflect a further reinterpretation of the α. forms. In γ. forms perhaps with alteration of the first element after bony, variant of bonny adj. In the δ. forms with alteration of the first element after burn v.¹ 1. A large, open-air fire lit for amusement or entertainment, esp. one accompanying a festival, celebration, or commemoration.According to some sources, originally denoting such a fire in which bones were burnt: see quot. a1450 and discussion in the etymology.The earliest evidence relates to the lighting of bonfires as part of midsummer celebrations, esp. on St John's Eve (23 June) and St Peter's Eve (28 June), a practice which declined in later centuries. In Great Britain, the lighting of bonfires is now most often associated with Guy Fawkes Night, the evening of 5 November, the anniversary of the Gunpowder Plot of 1605 (cf. Bonfire Night n.). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > social event > festive occasion > [noun] > bonfire as token of bonfirea1450 fire of joy1554 feu de joie1609 tandle1788 society > leisure > social event > festive occasion > [noun] > bonfire as token of > on specific anniversaries bonfirea1450 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > a fire > [noun] > a kind of fire > immense > for burning bones bonfirea1450 a1450 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Claud.) (2009) 166 In worchep of Seynt Ione men wakyth at home and makyth þree maner fyres. One hys clene bones and no wode, and hys called a bonfyre. 1482 W. Cely Let. 16 Aug. in Cely Lett. (1975) 169 Oder tydyngys..ffor the whych my Lordd commavndyd a generall proseschon, and at nyght bonffyers to be made att euery mans dorre, as was att Myddsomer Nyghte. 1493 Privy Purse Expenses Henry VII 23 June in S. Bentley Excerpta Historica (1831) 94 To the making of the bonefuyr on Middesomer Eve, 10s. ?1550 J. Bale Apol. agaynste Papyst f. lxii^v Therfor may he not banket at mydsomer bone fyre. ?a1556 Grey Friars Chron. anno 1524 in R. Howlett Monumenta Franciscana (1882) II. 190 Commandment..that there shulde be a gret bonfyer at Powlles churche dore..for the good tydynges. 1570 B. Googe tr. T. Kirchmeyer Popish Kingdome iv. f. 54^v Then doth the ioyfull feast of John the Baptist take his turne, When bonfiers great with loftie flame, in euery towne doe burne. 1600 S. Rowlands Letting of Humors Blood iv. 65 At leaping ore a Midsommer bon-fier. 1651 J. Lamont Diary (1830) 27 Ther were many beane fyres sett foorth in token of ioy. 1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall xxxvii. 309 The People..testified their Joy by numerous Bon-fires. 1710 J. Addison Whig Examiner No. 2. ⁋9 The mob has huzza'd round bonefires. 1736 J. Byrom Let. 4 May in Private Jrnl. & Lit. Remains (1856) II. i. 35 You have had burnfires and bells and shooting and drinking. 1773 J. Priestley Inst. Relig. II. 181 Our customs..of making bon-fires on the fifth of November. 1829 Times 3 July 3/3 A party of men, who were collecting furze, timber, &c., for the purpose of making a bonfire on St. John's eve, were detected in carrying away a wooden gate. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 631 When Swift had survived his faculties many years, the Irish populace still continued to light bonfires on his birthday. 1880 Georgia Weekly Tel. 26 Nov. They continue to collect barrels and boxes for the Christmas bonfire. 1936 G. Greene This Gun for Hire v. 204 He dreamed that he was building a great bonfire on Guy Fawkes Day. 1953 Times 3 June 8/1 A bonfire burst into flames on the rocky summit of Arthur's Seat. 2000 Leicester Mercury (Nexis) 7 Jan. 8 Where was Leicester's civic celebration, when elsewhere the bonfires were lit..to mark the New Year's Eve of the Millennium? 2. a. In early use: an open-air fire for the public burning of heretics, proscribed books, etc. Now more generally: any open-air fire lit for the disposal of waste material, garden refuse, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > a fire > [noun] > a kind of fire > immense > for burning heretics, books, or rubbish bonfire1531 bonner1898 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour iii. vi. f. 186 Laste of all, conuayeng them selfes in to the saide pyles or bonefires with their wyfes and children, sette al on fyre, and there were brenned. 1562 tr. J. Jewel Apol. Church Eng. f. 2^v Thei sticked not to make great bonefiers of their liuing bodies. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 483/2 You would have made boanefiers with y^e blood of many good Preachers. 1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. vi. ix. 206/1 Their holy Bibles cast into Bone-fires. a1627 H. Shirley Martyr'd Souldier (1638) iv. ii. sig. G2^v Methinks Christians make the bravest Bonefires of any people in the Vniverse. 1640 R. Brome Sparagus Garden i. v. 132 Making a Bon-fire in Smithfield. a1652 A. Wilson Hist. Great Brit. (1653) 47 He [sc. James I]..thanks them for the Bonefire they made of certain Papers. 1678 S. Butler Hudibras: Third Pt. iii. ii. 183 And to the largest Bonefire, riding Th' have Roasted Cook already. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 98. ¶3 Many of the Women threw down their Head-dresses in the Middle of his Sermon, and made a Bonfire of them. 1780 S. Lee Chapter of Accidents i. 7 I..made a bonfire of ev'ry book on education. 1812 M. Edgeworth Absentee II. xvii. 465 There was in the castle yard last night a bonefire made by my lord's orders of the ould yellow damask furniture, to plase my lady, my lord says. 1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) II. 9 Luther's writings were collected and publicly burned; but the emperor might be seen to smile ironically as he passed these bonfires. 1921 Gardeners' Chron. (U.S.) Nov. 782/1 It is well to destroy on the garden bonfire all acrid leaves. 1960 Natal Mercury 4 Apr. 3 A 100-strong mob of natives pranced around a bonfire of reference books in Walmer last night. 2006 Birmingham Evening Mail (Nexis) 18 Apr. 18 An antiques firm has been hit hard in the pocket after it was caught illegally burning its rubbish in a bonfire. †b. A heap of combustible material on which a dead body is burnt; a fire serving as a funeral pyre. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > cremation > [noun] > pile or pyre > fire bonfire1538 1538 T. Elyot Dict. Pyra, a bonfyre, wherin deed bodyes were burned. 1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) vii. f. 90^v Or else without solemnitie were burnt in bonfires [L. rogos] hie. 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iv. 84 Madlye she [sc. Dido] scaleth Thee top of her banefyers [L. pyros]. 1640 tr. J. A. Comenius Janua Linguarum Reserata (new ed.) xcvii. §961 The dead corps..is buried:..they of old made a bonefire, and therein burnt it. 1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall ii. 22 Burning..[was] perhaps not fully disused till Christianity fully established, which gave the finall extinction to these sepulchrall Bonefires. †c. An incendiary fire. Obsolete.Only in Sir Thomas Stafford's Pacata Hibernia, in the context of the Nine Years' War in Ireland (1593–1603). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > a fire > [noun] > a kind of fire > destructive > started by incendiarist bonfire1633 1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia ii. ii. 131 That..the County of Clare might be freed from Bonfires. 1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia i. xvii. 102 They departed, before they had made any Bonfiers in Mounster. 3. figurative and in figurative contexts. Something resembling a bonfire, esp. in being bright, hot, fierce, or destructive. See also bonfire of (the) vanities at Phrases 2. ΚΠ 1579 T. Churchyard Gen. Rehearsall Warres sig. P.iv^v My blase is but a Bonfire to call out the neighbours. 1622 T. Dekker & P. Massinger Virgin Martir sig. H^v Now that you see The bonefire of your Ladyes state burnt out, You giue it ouer. 1709 S. Centlivre Busie Body iii. 36 A Wedding..by which you seize me and my Estate, and..make a Bonfire of your own Act and Deed. 1891 Murray's Mag. Sept. 378 ‘So this is a bonfire of extinct passions,’..sneered Charles. 1924 R. Campbell Flaming Terrapin i. 13 To shake the golden bonfire of her hair. 1966 W. S. Graham Let. 24 Jan. in Nightfisherman (1999) 208 I see him ploughing his stripes in the field surrounded by a bonfire of gulls. 1991 H. Brodkey Runaway Soul 212 Both girls were in an unruly bonfire of temper. 2010 Independent 20 Sept. (Viewspaper section) 15/2 This novel throws political correctness on to a bonfire. Phrases P1. everlasting (also eternal) bonfire: (usually with the) hell, damnation.Later use is probably in allusion to or influenced by Shakespeare's use in quot. a1616. ΚΠ a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) ii. iii. 18 Some of all Professions, that goe the Primrose way to th'euerlasting Bonfire. a1839 ‘Q in the Corner’ Puseyad (1850) 62 To save our spiritual bacon We must burn daylight, or else wake on The eternal bonfire lit below. 1890 Illustr. Amer. 30 May 52/2 Some of us think the theatre the royal highway to the eternal bonfire. 1997 T. Mackintosh-Smith Yemen (1999) vi. 140 There is always a creeping suspicion that the everlasting bonfire, the volcano below, has only been damped down, not extinguished. 2011 Guardian (Nexis) 17 Mar. There are so many reasons why many believers think I am on my way to the eternal bonfire that it would be tedious to rehearse them. P2. bonfire of (the) vanities: a fire built to burn objects that are prohibited or condemned as conducive to vanity; (figurative) vanity, greed, and self-interest viewed as an all-consuming and destructive force. [Perhaps after Italian falò delle vanità (late 19th cent. or earlier), with reference to (voluntary) public burnings of items like cosmetics, mirrors, luxurious clothing, etc., in 15th-cent. Italy, now especially associated with Girolamo Savonarola (1452–98), Italian Dominican monk and reformer (compare Savonarola n.). In later use popularized by the title of a novel by Tom Wolfe (see quot. 1987), in which the ‘bonfire of vanities’ is used as a metaphor for the excesses of 1980s New York.] ΚΠ 1858 Christian Remembrancer Oct. 493 The man who, not long before,..could so persuade the city that a bonfire was made of its pomps and vanities, was now..cursed as a monster .] 1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola III. iv. 40 Take off that necklace and unclasp that belt, that they may be burned in the holy Bonfire of Vanities, and save you from burning. 1903 Daily Mail 4 July 7/5 Help me dismantle the house, and we'll have a bonfire of vanities which will outshine that the good old vandal had in Florence. 1925 Cent. Mag. Jan. 425/1 In this pile we see the modern mind getting ready for its ‘bonfire of the vanities’. 1934 H. Vaughan Thing of Nought 25 He would have made a ‘bonfire of vanities’ and condemned to the flames whatever ministered to the gaiety of life. 1987 T. Wolfe (title) Bonfire of the vanities. 1990 Tennis Oct. 33/1 Many social critics concluded that the '80s was the decade of greed and aggressive selfishness—one shameless and endless bonfire of the vanities. 2003 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 11 May 13/4 What drew him was the prestige and power he associated with the Barnes... This..seems ludicrous and sad..a bonfire of second-rate vanities. Compounds C1. General attributive and objective, as bonfire day, bonfire display, bonfire-making, bonfire party, etc. Recorded earliest in Bonfire Night n. ΚΠ 1487–8 in Dugdale's Monasticon Anglicanum (1846) III. 359/1 Item vpon ij. bonefirenyghts paid for brede and ale xij^d. 1556 J. Ponet Shorte Treat. Politike Power sig. Diiij Hauing bleared the common peoples eies with processioning, Te deum singing, and bonefire banketting. 1579 G. Gilpin tr. P. van Marnix van Sant Aldegonde Bee Hiue of Romishe Church ix. f. 61^v The other saint Peters day, which is commonly called Saint Peters Seate: is not that come in place of another bonefire daye, which the Heathen did obserue at the same time? 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iii. iii. 40 Thou art a perpetuall triumph, an euerlasting bonefire light. View more context for this quotation 1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia i. 25 The gallant Townes that bordering rankes On either side of Varus bankes Doe publique bone-fire-feasting make. 1650 S. Fairclough Prisoners Praises 23 Bell-joy, Table-joy, Musick-joy, and Bonefire-joy in a day of Thanksgiving. 1690 Hist. Wars Ireland 111 Bonfire-Works..were no sooner lighted, but the Allarm-Signal was given. 1781 T. Holcroft Duplicity 80 His bouncing passion bursts like bonfire squib. 1804 J. Collins in Scripscrapologia 77 With ruddy health in a cheek that glows, Like the bon-fire blaze of a Bardolph's nose. 1878 M. D. Bonfire & what came of It 13 Now bonfire-making was a very favourite play with us all. 1897 Daily News 25 June 2/6 We saw the huge cloud-cap of Skiddaw, that had troubled the hearts of bonfire enthusiasts all the day, move slowly up the side of the ‘Little Man’. 1921 C. N. Williamson & A. M. Williamson Brightener iii. ii. 206 The air was faintly acrid with the scent of bonfire smoke. 1968 Listener 7 Nov. 606/1 Have you heard, the Touch-Paceys are economising this year by combining their children's bonfire party with their annual fancy dress rave? 2007 Times 3 Nov. 4/5 Five people were taken to hospital last night after a fairground ride collapsed at a charity bonfire display in Suffolk. C2. bonfire toffee n. British (originally English regional (northern and midlands)) a type of treacle toffee, traditionally eaten in Great Britain on Guy Fawkes Night (5 November); cf. tom trot n. at Tom n.¹ Compounds 1a. ΚΠ 1919 Yorks. Tel. & Star 18 Oct. 2/1 Shopkeepers note.—Bonfire toffee 1s. per lb. 1963 P. West I, said Sparrow v. 110 There was always bonfire toffee and rich, treacly parkin. 2008 A. Cornes Torr One Potato Two Potato xiii. 133 You can't have a bonfire without toffee apples and bonfire toffee. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2021). bonfirev. Brit. /ˈbɒnfʌɪə/, U.S. /ˈbɑnˌfaɪ(ə)r/ Forms: see bonfire n. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: bonfire n. Etymology: < bonfire n. †1. transitive. To light a bonfire or bonfires in (a place); to illuminate with a bonfire. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > illumination > illuminate [verb (transitive)] > with or as with fire inflame1477 bonfire1605 to beacon up1644 kindle1685 beacon1803 flare1853 1605 S. Rowlands Hell's broke Loose sig. D4 Boone-fier the streets; set Bells a worke to ring. 1742 H. Walpole Let. 18 Feb. in Let. to H. Mann (1833) I. 107 The streets were illuminated and bonfired. 1842 Standard 5 Sept. Bonfiring the hills is one of the many modes by which these good people manifest their loyalty. 2. transitive. To destroy by, or as if by, burning on a bonfire. Also more generally: to set alight, to burn. ΚΠ 1828 Gentleman's Mag. May 427/1 The very liquor was to be bonfired also, and drank burning. 1893 Public School Jrnl. 13 560 And as for ancient history, I think a good share of that could be bonfired. 1939 J. Joyce Finnegans Wake i. 46 But soon we'll bonfire all his trash, tricks and trumpery. 1961 Brookfield (Illinois) Citizen 15 June i. 6/1 Garbage and wet vegetation..should not be bonfired in the summer when humidity is high and atmospheric pressure is low. 1991 G. Burn Alma Cogan (1992) viii. 165 I'm finding out that a lot of what I thought had been bonfired, Oxfam-ed, used for land-fill, has in fact been tidied away in sound archives, stills libraries, image banks, [etc.]. 2009 Guardian (Nexis) 28 Apr. 12 My good father unwittingly bonfired my boyhood autograph book. 3. intransitive. To make a bonfire or bonfires, esp. as a celebration; to attend a bonfire. Now rare. ΚΠ 1844 W. M. Thackeray Barry Lyndon v. in Fraser's Mag. Mar. 320/2 We considered it as a triumph for the cause of Protestantism, and illuminated, and bonfired, and had a sermon at church. 1874 Georgia Weekly Tel. 17 Nov. Perry, Valdosta, and Americus bonfired, illuminated, torchlight processioned, speechified, and had a general jollification last week. 2000 Birmingham Post (Nexis) 4 Nov. 56 If you are bonfiring this weekend..then remember to take a few precautions for both you, your family and friends. Derivatives ˈbonfiring n. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > [noun] > going or setting on fire > setting on fire or alight > making or kindling of fire > making of bonfires bonfiring1608 1608 M. Fotherby Foure Serm. iii. 77 For how many be there now amongst vs..which doe seeme to reioyce and to iubilate with vs..in ringing, singing, feasting, bonefiring, and in all other complements of outward reioycing? 1660 J. Tatham Rump iv. i. 53 Good news, no doubt on't; and then we shall have such Bonefiring. 1825 W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1826) I. 1101 I am restored to my lawful..Bon-firings, Illuminations, &c. 1864 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia IV. xv. xii. 191 That was the Old Dessauer's bonfiring..for the Victory of Sohr. 1971 Scottsdale (Arizona) Daily Progress 4 Mar. 12/1 Participants will be entertained by live music and bonfiring. 2011 Eastern Daily Press (Norwich) (Nexis) 31 May The ritual bonfiring of MPs. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1450v.1605
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bonfiren.

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bonfirev.

Derivatives